| 00:02 | Oh, estuaries will not be on exam. It'll be on the following |
|
| 00:08 | . Uh I'm gonna get as far barrier islands as I can and I'm |
|
| 00:12 | wrap up a little bit of it . Uh but it won't be much |
|
| 00:18 | you to be responsible for when we at coastal systems. We uh sometimes |
|
| 00:29 | divided not only based on tidal power way power, but also transgressive versus |
|
| 00:39 | in some tidal flat. Think of strand plain think it's regressive, they |
|
| 00:47 | regressive, but barry Rollins are put the transgressive that and that's actually not |
|
| 01:00 | case. Uh Having said that uh gonna there's only been minimal programmed ation |
|
| 01:07 | barrier olives within the time they've been the last high speak. So even |
|
| 01:13 | we call them for whether they're putting transgressive species well, we'll see that |
|
| 01:21 | can in fact and doing that. . Ah Of course there are some |
|
| 01:28 | between that and say strange plane, what's behind it. That's part of |
|
| 01:34 | . But we're still looking at a grading wave dominated shoreline and we talked |
|
| 01:40 | how ah you have brought gradation, can have vertical aggregation or you can |
|
| 01:48 | elements of transgression. So we're gonna at transgressive islands as well as programming |
|
| 01:54 | . Now, one of the big big differences between us as transplanting and |
|
| 02:02 | one is the anybody water behind and the title endless that connect that they |
|
| 02:13 | with the open ocean and the related and flood tides, deltas. Uh |
|
| 02:20 | we're gonna see that as we look this transition from wave dominated to mixed |
|
| 02:26 | , we see the geometry of the Rollins is changing as are the associated |
|
| 02:35 | , sedimentary structures we've talked about Uh, so here are two very |
|
| 02:41 | of in members, uh, here of a higher title range time. |
|
| 02:51 | looking at the texas coast versus uh, west coast, uh, |
|
| 02:59 | coast and Carolina's. Uh, and look at four examples. Yeah. |
|
| 03:06 | micro title kiowa, a little more and rain will fall a little more |
|
| 03:13 | range. And then you'll see even little more time. But all barrier |
|
| 03:19 | . Let's, first of all, at the micro title setting texas |
|
| 03:23 | Let's look at you see all of roads and uh, we've got, |
|
| 03:34 | uh, it was in the East , west bay sitting there and we've |
|
| 03:41 | some tidal inlets as well. We're to focus on the program creation portion |
|
| 03:48 | and the shell family basically from a of pores and pits were able to |
|
| 03:58 | this program. Radiation beach ridges From here and dated about 3500. Sounds |
|
| 04:08 | likely 5000, but indicates just a 1000 years to the present. So |
|
| 04:15 | is a appropriation of very violent. see some truncation in here. |
|
| 04:21 | these are related to periods of erosion aggression and appropriation. So even in |
|
| 04:29 | period of time, it hasn't been appropriation that's shown, especially with this |
|
| 04:36 | . Him. Now, as we at that, we can think of |
|
| 04:44 | as kind of shoestring sands where we these barrier realities and we can recognize |
|
| 04:50 | in the core and in uh uh have weathered sand and then laminated the |
|
| 05:01 | sand. Um and it's generally of not from innovated sand and blood to |
|
| 05:11 | sand, but borrowed two laminated So you should already see the relationship |
|
| 05:18 | the vertical sequence of the strand plain and the programming beach deposits in this |
|
| 05:26 | . So here's an ice pack that prints and about 30 ft um bit |
|
| 05:34 | based on the same, we're going pitch it. Now, if you |
|
| 05:42 | to look at more here, you basically a programming shortcuts we've described. |
|
| 05:48 | been there in the back flat, gotta watch off the they are basically |
|
| 05:56 | course of and then they have to . That. Had to do with |
|
| 06:05 | the barrier flat ceased getting sediment washing the island, it's still getting settled |
|
| 06:15 | with the island, but where the is wide wash over doesn't occur. |
|
| 06:23 | then we get in the film, England is 5th and there's a short |
|
| 06:33 | pace. It's a finally upward just like channels all day. But |
|
| 06:39 | there's this coarse grained cap, the or the beach deposits that are coming |
|
| 06:45 | on. So we'll look at those more detail later. But the point |
|
| 06:53 | is that we've got three very different sequences within the sandbox within the sand |
|
| 07:00 | pack. Now, when we look Kyle Island, um, we also |
|
| 07:09 | pro grading beach ridges. Oops. , we also see this kind of |
|
| 07:22 | truncation. Um, and, and in fact, it's something I think |
|
| 07:29 | see worldwide. I thought up on Yukon delta, uh, down |
|
| 07:35 | Uh, we're looking at some variations sea level and therefore transgressions and regressions |
|
| 07:43 | what we call the whole scene. sad. Okay. Not a |
|
| 07:47 | And when we look at a cross looks just like big difference here is |
|
| 07:52 | you've got um private flats in. don't have it in because we don't |
|
| 08:01 | the title what we have in Galveston's wind tidal flats. When there's a |
|
| 08:06 | wind that comes in, covers the of the, but no real |
|
| 08:13 | significant titles. You see the appropriation started, Well 3600. The |
|
| 08:24 | Ah but before we leave this, how deep the sand extends, |
|
| 08:32 | how thick it is. That this basically about 25-30 ft of sand. |
|
| 08:42 | the trick here is to not compare like this, but to compare it |
|
| 08:51 | terms of the actual um, So we see how much less the |
|
| 09:00 | has pro grated. Now the sand deep. Um, should be a |
|
| 09:07 | , but um, we get a deeper sand here here. Um we |
|
| 09:15 | offshore. The sands as it turns , extend the deeper water depths in |
|
| 09:20 | atlantic. That has to do with energy. But why did it program |
|
| 09:28 | in the gulf of Mexico than in atlantic Again, the answer is wave |
|
| 09:34 | . Uh And maybe sediment supply. know we got a lot of our |
|
| 09:39 | here from erosion coming from Mississippi. hey, quieter lower wave energy, |
|
| 09:51 | tides is getting its rate of procreation we have here. These are global |
|
| 10:00 | climates again. Um And oh and reason I want to show that is |
|
| 10:07 | gonna look over here into um a energy California environment. Um This is |
|
| 10:20 | . This is this is four. I think it's fair to say that |
|
| 10:27 | is the way I've been using it for short face. That is where |
|
| 10:33 | have laminated sands above the beach, the beach deposits, bio debated lower |
|
| 10:42 | phase extending down to about 2025 8 . Okay, again, this is |
|
| 10:54 | wonder way face this, let's call uh Storm wave base, recognizing that |
|
| 11:03 | kind of generals compare that to California place in a much deeper and really |
|
| 11:19 | simply is that the wave energy is . So the vertical sequences might mimic |
|
| 11:27 | other. But because of the difference wave energy, uh you have a |
|
| 11:34 | different reservoir. Very different sand Now let's go into even higher energy |
|
| 11:44 | where we get up into Washington. . Face, They don't appreciate 10 |
|
| 11:59 | . Ah we've got Primary sedimentary structures about eight years In core. We |
|
| 12:09 | what would be the lower short sending it out 30 and we see |
|
| 12:18 | pro gradation. Uh this Of about or 4 km. So this is |
|
| 12:33 | the right section notice here we got is offshore changing dips and the change |
|
| 12:47 | primary to cultivated structures. Okay, what we're looking at is again this |
|
| 12:58 | north face offshore. So what's causing variation question here And I pretty much |
|
| 13:08 | answered that question. It has to with wave energy, the depth of |
|
| 13:16 | weather and storm wave base. So get a much deeper thicker um Sand |
|
| 13:26 | and actually gravels in part in the fall area because of the very high |
|
| 13:32 | wave energy in the roaring 40s. that appropriating section we know the |
|
| 13:44 | this was drama short programming short face it's the same issue. We get |
|
| 13:50 | same kind of heterogeneity and a barrier . Short face, skip this. |
|
| 13:55 | to them. So let's look at we might take a barrier island in |
|
| 14:06 | into architectural conformance. It's not just place. Very important. Short place |
|
| 14:12 | certainly much of the there's battle appropriated with Phil this is wash over |
|
| 14:22 | There are flood title politics and politics . So we're gonna take this barrier |
|
| 14:29 | and divided up into components, each which has a characteristic component. So |
|
| 14:39 | of the big differences And intimate when get into higher energy, pick the |
|
| 14:56 | tidal energy. The deltas become really large. When you look at, |
|
| 15:04 | can see and it's a little harder see for all of the March |
|
| 15:12 | But basically this is what you're looking in that mixed title area. So |
|
| 15:21 | would be sitting in these are deltas then the flood tidal deltas are in |
|
| 15:32 | , but they're largely covered with large . Okay, so let's look at |
|
| 15:42 | shape of the barrier islands and how related to these title deltas. I |
|
| 15:50 | point it out, but when you at the shorter stubby barrier islands of |
|
| 15:56 | mess. A title or mixed energy , they tend to be drum ship |
|
| 16:03 | bowls at one end and kind of . So you could kind of imagine |
|
| 16:12 | like that. Okay. And the for that is because there is wave |
|
| 16:26 | coming in around that. No, title belt. So it's spinning the |
|
| 16:34 | raised and it's actually reversing the longshore . So there's a point here |
|
| 16:42 | But here it's growing. Yeah, currents. Parts of the south |
|
| 16:51 | there's a local reversal down for uh current. So forming this. Now |
|
| 17:04 | uh is this is being a But wait the fraction a rabbit. |
|
| 17:21 | . If we look at this this barrier island is offset with this |
|
| 17:33 | that offset is related to the up bro of that barrier up. we |
|
| 17:43 | see that offset in some of our um islands as well. Here's |
|
| 17:51 | here is the flood title entitled Delta to building jet esque. So we'll |
|
| 17:59 | back to that here. We've got drumstick model. Okay. And let's |
|
| 18:06 | at what's going on right down sediment is coming down and there's little |
|
| 18:15 | here and there's a lobe of sentiment , that little channel is bringing sediment |
|
| 18:25 | the uh bang. And there's also little channel bringing sediment and water into |
|
| 18:40 | day. All that water has to come out someplace which comes out in |
|
| 18:44 | middle. So there's a little blood channels on either side and the main |
|
| 18:56 | channel in the middle. So the moves in and out and is deposited |
|
| 19:03 | the ab as this subtitle dealt and moves into the bay and is deposited |
|
| 19:11 | a flood title Delta. Okay. so this area would show dominantly onshore |
|
| 19:19 | flood directed currents, predominantly directed And here we have an example, |
|
| 19:30 | flood ab deposition. And you'll notice are, first of all, they're |
|
| 19:40 | breakers are occurring on this because it's shallow, but there's individual squash bars |
|
| 19:49 | are forming in the breaker zone in area here and they're moving sediment back |
|
| 19:56 | the beach, especially on this Okay, Now, as that spit |
|
| 20:04 | accreting it's bringing sediment into and covering laterally migrating chin. So here's the |
|
| 20:19 | channel. Now this is the here's title channel. Um This title channel |
|
| 20:31 | it migrates I guess. I can hear better. It's gonna have a |
|
| 20:43 | um spit us sandstone, Here's ball roads. 1851. I had a |
|
| 20:54 | working on this. There's a channel . The channel here, this flood |
|
| 20:58 | , this is dominated and this is cap and there's these little eyes |
|
| 21:06 | those are squash boards. So we a much larger EPT title delta than |
|
| 21:12 | predicted by uh models uh for micro environments. There's a lot of water |
|
| 21:19 | coming in and out of uh that and the two reasons for that one |
|
| 21:25 | we've got a big Allison day. there's a lot of title exchange. |
|
| 21:30 | other is that we get very strong coming in that flush a lot of |
|
| 21:35 | out. And so that f title is uh grown larger because of the |
|
| 21:45 | of the hurricanes or rather the northern well. Okay, we also have |
|
| 21:54 | entitled delta. It's now pretty much . Uh Pelican Island is now a |
|
| 22:04 | made island, but we can see this uh eb title delta would have |
|
| 22:11 | like by looking at suddenly is past is where the uh where there has |
|
| 22:17 | been the jetties developed. So here have down current pro gradation of the |
|
| 22:28 | and down current migration of the so we have the inlet turns out used |
|
| 22:37 | be over here and then it gradually filled. And then it's gonna be |
|
| 22:46 | again, This portion of that barrier is actually mainly inlet filled. In |
|
| 22:56 | , their barrier islands where 50% of core of the island is actually in |
|
| 23:01 | field, not programming short face. , so here's our dip section, |
|
| 23:11 | straightforward. Here's our strike section and , here is our lateral migration. |
|
| 23:22 | there's going to be a cap up , it's gonna be from the beach |
|
| 23:28 | sure if it didn't but below that gonna all be inlet channel related |
|
| 23:35 | Okay, this is maybe a little realistic version showing that spit cap sitting |
|
| 23:42 | top. Um Here is a P. G. P. R |
|
| 23:51 | diagram annotated diagrams showing the end of in this spit cap. Uh Here's |
|
| 24:00 | one that completely filled. Uh it migrating like this. Okay, so |
|
| 24:07 | the vertical sequence. And remember got . In fact, let's do it |
|
| 24:18 | , here's our inlay. There's a blood dominated chance a deep abdominal |
|
| 24:30 | So here's the floor, the deepest will be those sediments deposited in the |
|
| 24:40 | channel. They'll be the courses they will be predominant, there'll be |
|
| 24:46 | be title bundles but they're gonna be . Then we're gonna have actually probably |
|
| 24:52 | little erosion and a shallow flood dominated and those will be migrating in this |
|
| 25:04 | , whereas these are migrating in this . And then we've got this pit |
|
| 25:12 | , which is essentially the course, sentiment spilling in the top of the |
|
| 25:19 | filling filling into the channel, actually the top. And then the spit |
|
| 25:27 | . So what are we gonna see we're looking at this uh channel |
|
| 25:35 | Looking at this programming shore face versus laterally migrating inlet fill or the programming |
|
| 25:47 | plane like this is uh you're gonna some breaks. This holds for both |
|
| 25:58 | planes and uh barrier islands here we've got in left field is oriented |
|
| 26:12 | to the strike. So they're the continuity is at right angle to the |
|
| 26:18 | line here. The flow continuity is parallel to the shore. And so |
|
| 26:26 | is an example again of that in field. Now, here's the barrier |
|
| 26:36 | . And here is that inlet fill , much more, much more lateral |
|
| 26:47 | than the width of the channel. . And this cross section is basically |
|
| 26:54 | face, the flood title delta. hard to to really differentiate it. |
|
| 27:05 | the F channel is coming out through . The flood deposits are coming in |
|
| 27:15 | and then they're coming back, both kind of like little levees and |
|
| 27:21 | Uh And so it's it's a very pattern, but you can see from |
|
| 27:27 | that there are lobes that are being from the flood deposits. And there |
|
| 27:37 | robes being deposited by the ebb deposits well. So here we have what's |
|
| 27:46 | an em shield. Yeah. And is coming in this direction, The |
|
| 27:53 | flow in this direction. Um This called the flood ramp shield channel. |
|
| 28:00 | these basically have different kind of is based on the segmentation of the |
|
| 28:08 | delta. Okay. And we have of our students uh doing masters |
|
| 28:13 | looking at the present sand and And uh it's hard for me looking |
|
| 28:20 | sedimentary characteristics got proximal range difficult. this ranges from 35. But significant |
|
| 28:39 | sorting brain size, eunice. So a major change in texture as we |
|
| 28:49 | from the possible. That would have implications for patrolling characteristics. Say it |
|
| 29:05 | ? She did. Yes. Uh And basically they're like little can |
|
| 29:10 | . So we're only sampling the Yeah. Okay. Uh So what |
|
| 29:18 | look like? Well, it's it's always clear. Um We know it's |
|
| 29:23 | be a kind of a low bait um connected to a laterally migrating tidal |
|
| 29:31 | . We know there are flood ramps em shield. So there's gonna be |
|
| 29:40 | variations in the channel from the channel flood and ebb deposits. Okay. |
|
| 29:52 | then we get into the lagoon. we don't have a great model for |
|
| 29:57 | , but this is the best we , which basically shows the channel Blood |
|
| 30:08 | blood ramp. And that's gonna be dunes. They call sand waves basically |
|
| 30:15 | and then we get into the ebb moving back offshore again, get a |
|
| 30:21 | of title bundles and you're gonna get throughout the whole thing, but generally |
|
| 30:26 | upward secrets with the these characteristics reactivation , mud drapes, title bundle, |
|
| 30:33 | dominated paleo occurrence, rounded, sub , well sorted sand stone. And |
|
| 30:40 | as we look into uh this we're uh not only well sorted, but |
|
| 30:49 | oh much. Uh we're changing skins ketosis as well. Okay. Uh |
|
| 30:58 | this again is a kind of model Galloway. This is based on field |
|
| 31:05 | . So this is the best we've for what? That uh flood title |
|
| 31:14 | . Well, that's all fine and for regressive speech trans plane or |
|
| 31:21 | What happens with the transmission system? here, the vertical sequence is gonna |
|
| 31:26 | basically lagoon to March to flood title to Russia and maybe some beach |
|
| 31:40 | Um this is all erosion. The is here, there's wash over sand |
|
| 31:48 | , but then we got to look and of course entitled no changes as |
|
| 31:54 | . So this is an erosion of of color ravine would surface. This |
|
| 31:59 | the only place where we get sand the beach and then we do get |
|
| 32:05 | in the title and and the flood Delta, but it's a very different |
|
| 32:11 | than we get with a pro rating . Okay, now this is a |
|
| 32:21 | stand to a forest regression dropping to low stand and then sea level |
|
| 32:29 | this whole surface is being eroded, is a little bit of wedges set |
|
| 32:33 | right here. This is the wave service. There's a little bit of |
|
| 32:39 | deposits out here but the great So this was the pro grading system |
|
| 32:47 | here we are today at an erosion . So this is that surface during |
|
| 32:54 | C level. It rises and erodes erodes until finally what we see is |
|
| 33:02 | little accumulation there is way off here over here we get wash over being |
|
| 33:08 | here. Storm deposits here, but ravine and surface a wave ravine and |
|
| 33:15 | here, if you have low accumulation and not a lot of rise and |
|
| 33:22 | it, you're gonna have something looks this. If there's more accumulation rise |
|
| 33:30 | sea level, you're gonna get a of scent. It's called a back |
|
| 33:35 | wedge. And that's gonna be where wash over laguna. All deposits are |
|
| 33:41 | to be uh flood title deltas, deposited. That's what we see |
|
| 33:47 | And notice below that ravine mint there are a few abandoned inlet |
|
| 33:52 | Remember that inlet is deep and so may not be completely truncated when sea |
|
| 33:58 | rises and the waves now as that level is rising, we sometimes will |
|
| 34:07 | see a drowned ridge and develop a and then that barrier is cut off |
|
| 34:14 | we see a second barrier. So can have barriers overstepping, we can |
|
| 34:22 | oops, um barriers vertically. Accreting on the rate of sea level rate |
|
| 34:30 | sea level rise and sediment supply, , until finally it's jumped over. |
|
| 34:37 | we actually see on the shelf that the last rise in sea level, |
|
| 34:44 | were periods of time with their little islands that were then jumped over. |
|
| 34:50 | much of the thought is that barrier initiation is one of two ways spit |
|
| 34:56 | moving in laterally or basically being nuclear on a topographically high area. And |
|
| 35:07 | just, you can read that at lesion. But this is what a |
|
| 35:13 | beach looks like. These trees are dead because they used to be behind |
|
| 35:19 | beach. Their now exposed that marsh All you're looking at is a thin |
|
| 35:27 | of set right up against the We saw that with Hurricane Alicia, |
|
| 35:35 | Carlo, the same thing, the is flattened and if it continues to |
|
| 35:45 | , it'll just work his way back no net sand. Uh Coming |
|
| 35:52 | Now when it's being eroded, we get breaches within the dooms that give |
|
| 36:02 | these wash over fans and notice this area here is a wind tidal |
|
| 36:08 | I said we don't have tidal We don't have astronomical tidal flats. |
|
| 36:13 | , so here we've got this wash fan that looks a bit like a |
|
| 36:22 | delta, but it's not Titley It's driven by a single or multiple |
|
| 36:30 | events and at some point they're healed they may or may not be |
|
| 36:37 | So here we have carla before carla a lot of breaches and these kind |
|
| 36:44 | wash over lobes. Okay, erosion now they're all healed again. |
|
| 36:55 | The other thing we see in the part of texas barriers with these wash |
|
| 37:00 | is we see reworking by waves. can have some pretty big bays and |
|
| 37:09 | can have some pretty long fetches with winds through the northern and so we |
|
| 37:13 | have a reworked sandy fringe on the side of the island. Now, |
|
| 37:22 | you look at these wash overs, , they can wash over into standing |
|
| 37:28 | of water or they can wash over marsh and you can think of them |
|
| 37:32 | much like crevasse plays. Uh The is, they're not, well, |
|
| 37:41 | tend to be deposited in shallow Uh if it's deposited in standing |
|
| 37:47 | you get four sets. If it's on a marsh, it's gonna be |
|
| 37:51 | horizontal stratification. So this wash over if you like, was deposit in |
|
| 38:02 | water where the back part of the was was flooded. Now, Galveston's |
|
| 38:10 | largely a regressive pro grading barrier Most of the barrier islands in texas |
|
| 38:18 | transgressed like Matagorda peninsula. So if compare the two at the same |
|
| 38:24 | First of all, we recognize there's a break here that might represent a |
|
| 38:32 | shore line. And if we look the present transgressive shore line of Matagorda |
|
| 38:43 | , we see that it's so narrow is constantly being reached and fringed with |
|
| 38:49 | overs. Galveston Bay used to look Matagorda Galveston island used to look like |
|
| 38:57 | Island. Yeah, there were breaches the dunes, there were wash |
|
| 39:05 | But as it pro grated, those overs basically became less and less |
|
| 39:14 | So we have an abandoned transgressive barrier by a until very recently and actively |
|
| 39:25 | barrier island. So here's our inlet , here's our regressive barrier model and |
|
| 39:36 | our transgressive barrier on money. These simplistic, but they're useful things that |
|
| 39:44 | of store. Okay, so going to those barrier island components, here's |
|
| 39:50 | pro grading shore face. Here's our over fans and here's our title in |
|
| 39:59 | you should be able to in reproduce vertical sequence of sedimentary structures coincident with |
|
| 40:09 | three settings. Now, in if we step a little farther and |
|
| 40:16 | look at other parts of the wave shore line, um here's a wave |
|
| 40:23 | delta and here's a pro grading short . They're both kind of funnel shaped |
|
| 40:33 | upward, deposits. The big difference that there, the wave dominated delta |
|
| 40:45 | going to have a lot more separated because it's getting a lot of mud |
|
| 40:51 | in, it floods. So it's muddy your face, mud and flood |
|
| 41:01 | in waves. We don't get that because we just don't see much mud |
|
| 41:07 | into the system. Okay, so the first difference. Um The other |
|
| 41:14 | is as we go farther offshore, we're doing is we're getting into more |
|
| 41:18 | a distal phase where we're just getting offshore to most distant shore face |
|
| 41:28 | we're getting a distributor or a distributor in the in the delta here, |
|
| 41:34 | getting a pro grading in the we're getting washed over fat. |
|
| 41:40 | so think about how these different components going to have different vertical sequences and |
|
| 41:51 | those different vertical sequences may have different characteristics. The last modern study is |
|
| 42:02 | in here. These are more stubby islands. Um This is in a |
|
| 42:07 | high title range area. It was studied based on core as well as |
|
| 42:18 | and it turns out that it's got rather more complicated history. Okay, |
|
| 42:28 | we've got transgression occurring along here. we got a regression occurring. We |
|
| 42:39 | a little bit of a transgression More regression and dunes. Now, |
|
| 42:48 | telling this story probably wrong, but point is that within the holocene, |
|
| 42:55 | gotten a series of transgressions and regressions well as vertical accretion due to aeolian |
|
| 43:05 | as our pro grading shore line has back and forth. So the geometry |
|
| 43:14 | this section here is really quite complicated it maybe explains why in this case |
|
| 43:22 | the pro grading strand plane in there's so many interruptions because that represents |
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| 43:32 | long period of time. Now, of the best studied field areas is |
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| 43:40 | the field formation that sits in the uh my scene legacy. I think |
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| 43:52 | the legacy. The legacy in section . But um it's between two big |
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| 43:59 | And it's got over four billion barrels oil in place. Most of the |
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| 44:06 | are up, dip strata, graphic . So as this thick section of |
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| 44:12 | islands that vertically created over Over 2000 there, it's been tilted with basin |
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| 44:21 | . The oil is going now and into the finer grain lagoons and coastal |
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| 44:27 | deposits. And a very nice study unfortunately is not available on pdf is |
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| 44:33 | U. S. G. I'm , a Bureau of Economic geology |
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| 44:37 | looking at these components and this is cross section. Look at the vertical |
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| 44:44 | . And you see here these little that's the foreshore, we see over |
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| 44:54 | we have wash over deposits here and , all deposits in between Laguna and |
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| 45:02 | . So we've got pro grading foreshore wash over deposits if we look at |
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| 45:08 | field. Um It's a little hard see, but the the ice Apax |
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| 45:16 | to run like this and like this then like this again. And then |
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| 45:24 | kind of split up. No surprise we're looking at is shore line, |
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| 45:34 | gradation and inlet fill in shore line gradation in a flood town of |
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| 45:46 | And when we look at it in , uh you get a little better |
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| 45:51 | for um, the variation in permeability , in the core programming shore phase |
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| 46:02 | 2 to Darcy's in the inlet fill from less than one darcy to the |
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| 46:13 | being more than two million horses. let's look first of all at that |
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| 46:21 | core that's going to be pro grading , lower shore face, upper shore |
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| 46:29 | horsing upwards. And here we have migration with the channel floor finding |
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| 46:40 | then coarsening upwards as we get this or spit accretion. And if we |
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| 46:47 | at the best permeability, ease, see them in upper shore face |
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| 46:55 | lower channel fill here and in the elongation. And there are local periods |
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| 47:04 | this channel has good or a stick . And we see the same thing |
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| 47:11 | here. This is saying the same . There's another barrier island, that's |
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| 47:19 | glass block sand really thin. It's transgressive barrier island with wash overs is |
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| 47:27 | like this. It's Mustang island. the glass hawk is mustang island, |
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| 47:38 | 41 8. It's Galveston island. so you see as these systems have |
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| 47:47 | created through time, they've given you various degrees of permeability for the reservoirs |
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| 47:55 | of course the up dip cap for photographic trap. And you're looking at |
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| 48:01 | of barrels. Okay, we're gonna here because what we're gonna do next |
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| 48:07 | get into estuaries and I'm not gonna that or if I do, I'll |
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| 48:11 | it on friday, but for the exam will cover through barrier islands |
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| 48:18 | I'll have to decide whether or not hack on estuaries or, and estuaries |
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| 48:23 | Delta's. Okay, so let's put |
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