| 00:14 | Uh huh. Okay. Better. . Yeah. Yeah. Mhm. |
|
| 01:27 | . Right. A time. Yeah, I stopped again. |
|
| 02:06 | Yeah, some thanks. Oh Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. |
|
| 02:37 | No that's seems that we've covered a of this stuff. I don't |
|
| 03:10 | Um You guys remember where we were started on this section. Right? |
|
| 03:18 | had a way of that, Yeah. Okay. Um And we |
|
| 03:27 | to source the position environments information of strokes, Yeah, productivity and |
|
| 03:36 | Right. And we talked about organic and hydrocarbon generation potential. Right? |
|
| 03:47 | takes a given amount of organic generate a given amount of hydrocarbons to |
|
| 03:53 | the retention capacity of the organic material the source rock itself. Right, |
|
| 04:05 | . You took to an organic measured . Well prone guests from policy like |
|
| 04:15 | material, social place ology. Do remember what we talked about in Social |
|
| 04:25 | ? Carbon is versus plastics and their capacity. No. What did you |
|
| 05:00 | about this concept? Yeah. All . Um When we talk about internet |
|
| 05:19 | , do you all know what what mean by evaporates? Yeah. Uh |
|
| 05:27 | the mythology is decorate? We talked the higher evaporates, gypsum And I'd |
|
| 05:36 | , Yeah. And I those are social they never contain adequate content is |
|
| 05:43 | organic matter too perform as effective source . And we talked about a lot |
|
| 05:51 | lower priced say all it takes is little bit of freshening of the of |
|
| 05:55 | seawater uh salinity to allow for the of the organic matter in the |
|
| 06:09 | slight threatening of water column, the of fine grain carbon. It's often |
|
| 06:16 | source rocks. So whereas people think carbonates may not be good source trucks |
|
| 06:22 | carbonates, especially in fine grain carbonates be extremely good source rocks, |
|
| 06:35 | Yeah, yeah, that was a alarm. But which uh can, |
|
| 06:59 | you check and see if uh, it's secure? Yeah. Right. |
|
| 07:24 | want to be Uh huh. All . Oh, okay. I hope |
|
| 07:46 | . Okay. Um I don't know I covered this or not, but |
|
| 07:53 | talked about uh total hydrocarbon generation potential these in fact, greats. Mr |
|
| 08:12 | just thank you. All right. Yeah, did I discuss what higher |
|
| 08:29 | price are to a clue in a on right? If that rate keeps |
|
| 08:35 | in and hydrate, no reason I be carbonates. Find green card. |
|
| 08:41 | find green carbon. It's can be good socials um simply because of their |
|
| 08:53 | and their coexistence with high organic So we we we kind of outlined |
|
| 09:07 | specific area of, you see enrichment hydrocarbon generation potential. And we specifically |
|
| 09:19 | that anything that's more than 1% organic can qualify as a potential source |
|
| 09:24 | And anything with higher hydrocarbon generation potential about two mg per gram of rock |
|
| 09:31 | be considered a good sources especially Um these is a politic type of |
|
| 09:44 | , we talked about oil prone versus prone source trucks and that depends very |
|
| 09:50 | on carriage type encouraging types. On one hand you have the separate public |
|
| 10:00 | hydrogen rich organic matter. Amorphous organic characteristically high hydrogen to carbon ratio. |
|
| 10:12 | we know what we mean by hydrogen carbon ratio? If organic methods, |
|
| 10:21 | did you? Re stupid trying. , you're good. Wait, |
|
| 10:28 | Mhm. I didn't move it. lipid content. Sleeping lipids are the |
|
| 10:37 | uh like components in the sediments usually and lancastrian deposits. On the other |
|
| 10:53 | , you have the human courage in of structured holy material, low hydrogen |
|
| 11:00 | carbon ratio, high cellulose content instead high lipid content. Yeah. And |
|
| 11:10 | it's under terrestrial environments, most most of course I'm going to have a |
|
| 11:18 | bit of that and a little bit that depending on the location of the |
|
| 11:23 | positional site relative to the sourcing from terrestrial okay, prominence. So |
|
| 11:35 | you mix up republic like in the and near shore environments will tend to |
|
| 11:40 | both oil and gas prone upon thermal . So those properties amorphous organic |
|
| 11:51 | there's a structure called the material, hydrogen carbon ratio versus low hydrogen carbon |
|
| 11:56 | , high cellulose content. This is slipping content and the marine versus terrestrial |
|
| 12:05 | . Um mixed him acceptability. They've ashore environments are gonna have the mixture |
|
| 12:12 | these two uh and members and they be oil and gas problem. Um |
|
| 12:23 | types can be characterized by their Can look at the courage in and |
|
| 12:28 | it is um you know, algal human like. Uh huh. The |
|
| 12:38 | way to characterize carriage in type is elemental analysis, hydrogen to carbon atomic |
|
| 12:46 | this but honestly behavior. Uh In words what happens when you buy your |
|
| 12:56 | rock with organic matter? What And it's going to yield and Quantity |
|
| 13:12 | we call the S. one which the free hydrocarbons that have already been |
|
| 13:16 | in the subsurface and you brought them . Uh And the S. two |
|
| 13:23 | is the ability of the organic matter generate hydrocarbons upon thermal maturity. So |
|
| 13:30 | behavior Which basically describes hydrogen enrichment as in differences in the S two forgiven |
|
| 13:40 | . So the S two T. will characterize or describe the carriages ability |
|
| 13:46 | generate the petroleum. So here here is a pictorial representation of organic |
|
| 13:57 | types. Uh You have type one method, algal, amorphous organic |
|
| 14:06 | hydrogen rich organic material vs Hugh Mc material, Cooley. Uh Hugh Mc |
|
| 14:17 | particles. And of course there is going to be the mixtures of this |
|
| 14:23 | that which will give you look at chemical composition of the material is going |
|
| 14:28 | give you composition intermediate between the type and type three. Uh So it |
|
| 14:35 | be a mixture of type one and three. Or it can be especially |
|
| 14:40 | of organic matter Properties are somewhere in the properties of Type one. Type |
|
| 14:47 | organic matter. All right. Um More clues to the origin of petroleum |
|
| 14:57 | of characterization. Paralysis, gas virologist, gas chromatography just by definition |
|
| 15:10 | gets chromatography in tandem with paralysis other we we hit the sample. And |
|
| 15:16 | absence of oxygen. And not only we look at the auction index and |
|
| 15:21 | hydrogen index, but look at the of the mixture of hydrocarbon being generated |
|
| 15:28 | that material. So you have type two collagen represented by the hydrogen index |
|
| 15:39 | the oxygen index. And you have yielded hydrocarbon characteristics from these types of |
|
| 15:50 | . So on the one hand, have the this type which is strictly |
|
| 15:57 | prone, hardly any liquid hydrocarbons. got this type with a lot of |
|
| 16:06 | cynic. And we start with very knickknacks cynic but waxy signature because of |
|
| 16:14 | mode. The high end mode. this is uni model harmonic distribution. |
|
| 16:21 | is my model. I call it top distribution because most of the time |
|
| 16:28 | looks like it's a flat top All right. So um courage can |
|
| 16:40 | uh classified according to the environmental, position you have type one collagen coming |
|
| 16:48 | algal, a number of organic How did you indices are usually quite |
|
| 16:53 | over 700 milligrams. Hydrocarbons. Graham uh thermal maturity can vary of |
|
| 17:04 | depending on the burial history. The hydrocarbons are gonna be mostly oil. |
|
| 17:12 | gas comes in seat and yes. The depression environment of these kinds of |
|
| 17:20 | is highly anoxic the custom and shallow Laguna environments, type two correction a |
|
| 17:30 | organic material and as well as structured limits Hydrogen indices from 100 to 700 |
|
| 17:48 | hydrocarbon program of toc german maturity can of course depending on their period history |
|
| 17:55 | the products are going to be oil conferences and gas usually in anoxic marine |
|
| 18:04 | the custom and uh subtitle uh, environments in countries you have like 23 |
|
| 18:19 | organic material, Morpheus organic matter together victory night with structured organic material. |
|
| 18:27 | indices ranged from 200 to 400 Photo currents and grandma frank thermal maturity |
|
| 18:35 | can vary of course depending on the history and the generated progress are going |
|
| 18:40 | be oiled, gas convinces gas condensates gas or guests especially it is dominated |
|
| 18:50 | that. Right? These are the swampy and delta complex is uh with |
|
| 19:02 | you know environments. Yeah, I three Karajan mainly bit tonight. Remember |
|
| 19:15 | toxic energy Indices from 50 to 250 really minimal. I would say. |
|
| 19:26 | wouldn't even consider that this all struck that's the range that we see in |
|
| 19:32 | analytical right signatures ceremony maturity can vary on the real history products are going |
|
| 19:43 | be mainly gas compensates and gas usually are depositing brackish water swamps. |
|
| 19:52 | Then you have the type four carriage the extreme Inner tonight just by definition |
|
| 20:02 | tonight means it is inert as far generation of hydrocarbons. Uh hydrogen indices |
|
| 20:11 | usually less than 50 really minimum. they usually if you encounter these I |
|
| 20:21 | say I would discount this as a report together. Aqsiq swamps and toxic |
|
| 20:31 | environments. All right. This is a study we did uh Some years |
|
| 20:44 | where we plotted the c. plus the Abundance of molecules with 22 carbon |
|
| 20:55 | and longer vs. Plan contribution. you can see as we go in |
|
| 21:04 | particular study from northwest to southeast, going from very low C. 22 |
|
| 21:11 | imperatives to really high C. 22 meaning more uh unique as we |
|
| 21:19 | Uh More plant carrying contribution as we towards the Southeast. It's just to |
|
| 21:30 | you an impression that you can perform analysis and represent that data in these |
|
| 21:41 | . All right. Um I don't whether I rush this subject before, |
|
| 21:54 | uh you can visualize we have We have bacteria before we have a |
|
| 22:03 | precursors. The algae will have precursors will give you a normal benefit distribution |
|
| 22:10 | the C. Five to the 30 bacteria material will give you distributions |
|
| 22:17 | to that a little bit skewed to left someone. And then although exit |
|
| 22:23 | that are gonna give behind molecular Normal. Paradise long chain waxy normal |
|
| 22:35 | . Sure. Shocks of flexi crude . And I wanted to highlight this |
|
| 22:42 | talk especially about them because whereas uh are not the most abundant kind of |
|
| 22:51 | oils, but they're quite quite common certain environments. So waxy crude oils |
|
| 22:59 | come from rocks rich and special types algae in the custom Depression systems, |
|
| 23:04 | golden algae and the blue green So whereas we talk about algal clergy |
|
| 23:10 | generating very light ends comparison to the courage. Nevertheless, uh there are |
|
| 23:19 | rocks that are especially enriched in certain uh in lancaster independent systems, the |
|
| 23:27 | anti and the blue yeah greens. they are prone to generate a lot |
|
| 23:36 | highway jackscrew lines. Sure. When hear high wax crude oils, It |
|
| 23:45 | not necessarily higher plants all the Can be from these special kinds of |
|
| 23:53 | that are deposited in these very special of the positional settings uh where you |
|
| 23:59 | a lot of golden algae and blue algae growing in the 40s zone. |
|
| 24:09 | are uh several examples. These are green algae, new greens, the |
|
| 24:18 | analogy. These are the healthier I don't expect you to memorize any |
|
| 24:24 | that stuff. Just remember that they these bi modal distribution Si 15 to |
|
| 24:32 | 21 mood and see 20 to 60 moons. You understand what I'm talking |
|
| 24:40 | . When I say CC. 21 mode and I see 22, |
|
| 24:46 | flores. The normal person's going to in the si 15 to si |
|
| 24:51 | And then another mood in the C 27. That's why I sometimes refer |
|
| 24:57 | them as flat top distributions. Um The most uh notorious one would |
|
| 25:14 | devolved analogy the caucus for you focus . Okay. Again, a few |
|
| 25:27 | . Remember we talked about isotopes. familiar with isotopes. When we talk |
|
| 25:34 | isotopes are atoms with nuclear contained the number of protons but different number of |
|
| 25:42 | . Okay, so Um example Carbon There's carbon 13. I don't show |
|
| 25:50 | 13 here, but Carbon by virtue the six protons. And when you |
|
| 25:58 | six neutrons you have carbon 12 and have seven. Uh huh Neutrons. |
|
| 26:05 | have carbon 13. Carbon 12 and 13. Uh huh. I see |
|
| 26:13 | of carbon. Um Mhm. Very when we're trying to define the oil |
|
| 26:22 | from what kind of position environment? Mhm. Again as a reminder, |
|
| 26:36 | isotopes of hydrogen and deuterium and we by the Dell. D the the |
|
| 26:45 | D. Is given by an equation this. Okay. Where I call |
|
| 26:52 | the eight year but deterioration because we're only with uh how did you I |
|
| 27:02 | , oops. Okay. So this hydrogen. This is deuterium. The |
|
| 27:09 | difference is the number of neutrons in atoms. Um So hydrogen Will be |
|
| 27:20 | vegetarian. Carbon will be carbon Carbon 13 suffering the Sulfur 34 and |
|
| 27:26 | for 32. Okay. And uh why are these important? Because we |
|
| 27:35 | them to tell us a lot about provenance of the oil that contains |
|
| 27:43 | Okay, kinds of She does the . In the case of hydrogen, |
|
| 27:52 | standard is the small, the inner meal. Ocean water, small. |
|
| 27:59 | may want to remember the term Mhm. When we talk about Tyron |
|
| 28:04 | talks, we refer them to smoke basically the ratio of the H two |
|
| 28:11 | H one is that And no one remember that. I challenge you to |
|
| 28:18 | these four decimal points. So just that it is hydrogen and deuterium. |
|
| 28:30 | this case it's the carbon 12. 13 and this case is in south |
|
| 28:34 | 32034. The standards are the Like I said, the Vienna have |
|
| 28:44 | Uh huh. PDP B Is the eliminate a specific blood, which we |
|
| 28:54 | as our standard and something we use Kenyan W. All right, try |
|
| 29:01 | . CDT. Okay. I don't you to remember these issues. My |
|
| 29:12 | . Is there anything I need to on here. Yeah. All |
|
| 29:21 | Um, Carbon 12. Carbon 13 Carbon 14. Carbon 14. We |
|
| 29:30 | talk much about carbon 14 and We talk about carbon 14. We |
|
| 29:34 | doing Geo Chronology. We want to date. Uh huh materials and of |
|
| 29:42 | the the half life of the Carbon very short. So, uh, |
|
| 29:49 | 14 is not geologically much significance at . Archaeologically. It's very important. |
|
| 29:58 | geologically The important thing is the carbon . Carbon 13. And the different |
|
| 30:05 | in the number of neutrons in the . Mm So carbon carbon 12. |
|
| 30:22 | 13 for hydrogen securing hankering for oxygen 16 17 18 For nitrogen 1914 |
|
| 30:32 | And for somethin somethin 30 to 17 . I expect you to know that |
|
| 30:37 | remember that. Okay. And the is described by this kind of |
|
| 30:44 | That's why we could per mil per different from the standard, thousands different |
|
| 30:56 | the standard. All right. Uh distributions. Um This is a harmonic |
|
| 31:14 | . This is a flat top by distribution. This is a marine sourced |
|
| 31:21 | from Ecuador. This is a lancastrian oil from central Sumatra. Flat top |
|
| 31:29 | money. Yeah. You would be how real this distribution is in from |
|
| 31:41 | toil toil toil from these kinds of , harmonic distribution and the more or |
|
| 31:48 | flat up bi modal distribution. When see these distributions, you can immediately |
|
| 31:55 | brain was too, That's true accustomed very. Okay. uh here I'm |
|
| 32:05 | the c. 13 values of the organic fishies versus the shallow water organic |
|
| 32:13 | From -18 per meal -24 million 2 -27 Mil. Yes. Uh the |
|
| 32:25 | fishes, shallow water fish is both these are lackluster social by virtually of |
|
| 32:32 | flat top distribution. Sure. Hello. Flat top. because through |
|
| 32:46 | top the custom. But um can 13 values of minus 18 minus 20 |
|
| 33:02 | the L. C. 13 values minus 26 minus 27 minus 13. |
|
| 33:12 | . Put this in your mind these they are quite diagnostic images. Really |
|
| 33:22 | . Is there true flat top out money later and money. The cast |
|
| 33:50 | mary. Are you going to remember image? Okay. Uh Okay. |
|
| 34:14 | guess today I'm gonna focus mostly on of petroleum and reservoirs. And we |
|
| 34:20 | that. I will let you going to study for your when it is |
|
| 34:25 | but let's spend a little bit of alteration of petroleum in reservoirs. First |
|
| 34:39 | all, primary non thermal condensates lies I mean by non thermal conferences because |
|
| 34:54 | can be thermal conductivity is from decomposition Hi military read components. But there |
|
| 35:06 | primary conferences generating from special kinds of matter. So primary conferences are the |
|
| 35:15 | rich cold busts usually generate primary So here I see but there are |
|
| 35:26 | conferences and condensates. President rich schools a source of thermal degradation of |
|
| 35:34 | encouraging at high temperatures and fraction ation phase segregation. You see the |
|
| 35:52 | Yeah. Origins of conferences. He's schools. We'll give compensates thermal degradation |
|
| 36:01 | oil well dependencies, fraction nation for phase fluid into multiple phase one phase |
|
| 36:10 | be the light ends. It would in traction nation or face segregation kind |
|
| 36:16 | condensate clear. Do you remember All right, right, sulfur We |
|
| 37:04 | the sulfur in crude oil come Um, can I have some limitation |
|
| 37:10 | organic matter which is initially no insult the the the organic material undergoes sulfate |
|
| 37:24 | . You end up with express and traps as my right as in Nigeria |
|
| 37:33 | you end up with us and sulfur in the organic matter when something is |
|
| 37:42 | in the organic matter, that organic then decomposes to sulfur rich cruise. |
|
| 37:50 | for each cruise can be composed by stress too low self recruits on the |
|
| 37:57 | extreme you have Yes two. no sell for charity. The low |
|
| 38:06 | carriages will give those self recruits which continue to be no self recruits upon |
|
| 38:13 | evacuation. So uh huh. If sulfur is sequestered as pyrite, it's |
|
| 38:24 | to leave the carriage is low in When the carriages going so far as |
|
| 38:29 | oil is going to be. when there is no chance for this |
|
| 38:37 | complex. Ation of the sculpture, the organic matter is going to be |
|
| 38:43 | in sulfur. Let's forget it better it. And degradation again. Hi |
|
| 38:50 | high sulfur approves. Of course, when you compose in the reservoir giving |
|
| 38:57 | suffer fools. Okay, alteration of human reservoirs, alteration of the reservoirs |
|
| 39:19 | take place under the influence of water temperature or bacterial operation. Water can |
|
| 39:36 | water wash want to wash. In words water can soluble eyes the water |
|
| 39:46 | components. What are the water celebrate include Or do you think aromatics aromatics |
|
| 39:56 | much more into soluble than the anesthetic . Straight chain normal service are very |
|
| 40:04 | . Sorry, hard, sorry Benji told me. But like that's |
|
| 40:14 | . So what'll washing can then alter by removing the water soluble components? |
|
| 40:24 | . Sure. Right. Action of causes water washing, removal of the |
|
| 40:32 | soluble components. Social by degradation. come how does by regulation you |
|
| 40:44 | Water in the water carries bacteria. bacteria chews up on something they |
|
| 40:53 | They prefer the normal benefits to the and therefore they increase the automaticity of |
|
| 41:02 | oil by quarter washing. Yeah. an accumulated oil can undergo water washing |
|
| 41:18 | and by degradation. Water washing will the water soluble components by the relation |
|
| 41:31 | going Yeah pretty uh sure. And oil can undergo Water washing or by |
|
| 41:47 | by action of water or can undergo s. 14. He has faulty |
|
| 41:52 | invasion of the reservoir by migrating lecturer by definition as from teens. Actually |
|
| 42:04 | you have a crude oil and you to collect us with your bubble until |
|
| 42:14 | . Problem. Beauty. Missing your . The patron through the eye as |
|
| 42:25 | drop out. So in nature when have a reservoir that is invaded by |
|
| 42:33 | components will under law Bs following we it. Mm. Uh What? |
|
| 42:42 | yes faulting um by natural guests and transformation of the eye. Has found |
|
| 42:54 | compositions and uh Right. No it's teen yeah. Hydrocarbons. At the |
|
| 43:07 | time. If we take an accumulation we buried further to undergo thermal |
|
| 43:18 | thermal alteration. Well You compose the heavy complex mixtures to light your |
|
| 43:27 | So if you start out with the , forget the gravity of 28-44. |
|
| 43:34 | Which? Mhm. No no sulfur . Uh huh. You can change |
|
| 43:52 | api gravity by uh decomposing the heavy and by evaporation of the later. |
|
| 44:11 | carbon inspiration after recommendation can happen as consequence of bacteria alteration. Yeah. |
|
| 44:26 | up of the normal preference by bacteria sigh clicks and the complex mixtures. |
|
| 44:36 | This happens at low temperature where there a lot of bacteria. So bacterial |
|
| 44:44 | causes by degradation occurs usually at relatively temperatures less than 70 C, less |
|
| 44:53 | 100 and 60 degrees alteration to happen a result of water washed solid realization |
|
| 45:02 | the water soluble fractures. The Difference in water. Celebrity changes composition |
|
| 45:10 | example, removal of aromatics so the becomes less aromatic cruise. More nasty |
|
| 45:22 | . Yeah, nothing nick crews. can wash fruits are going to be |
|
| 45:32 | uh Let's see guests washing invasion of accumulation by natural gas. This can |
|
| 45:44 | evaporative fraction nation. In other words of a single face fluid into multiple |
|
| 45:53 | . So secondary gas charge strips the ends from oil. Yeah. And |
|
| 46:00 | it uses as 14 precipitation. sure. That's 14 precipitation at the |
|
| 46:11 | time you have evaporative fraction nation, segregation to simply the oil in segregate |
|
| 46:22 | gravity by density. Um, you a single face fluid in the |
|
| 46:33 | It spontaneously separates out into multiple He like trees and the heavier face |
|
| 46:48 | chemical sulfate reduction. TSR thermo chemical reduction. TSR high temperature reaction between |
|
| 46:58 | and hide rights at 25 I temperature cause petrochemical some feed reduction thermal cracking |
|
| 47:10 | heavier hydrocarbons. Very complex mixtures that's fraction is smaller. Uh, a |
|
| 47:23 | composition usually occurs at higher temperatures for country and 40° eventually the whole food |
|
| 47:33 | becomes nothing but natural gas thermal decomposition . Yeah. And I think I |
|
| 47:46 | you this before. I don't know I either. I didn't, but |
|
| 47:49 | will leave in print and image in mind for what's going on. Petroleum |
|
| 47:57 | regulation under happens under microbial degradation of . Uh, and it proceeds in |
|
| 48:07 | in in stages. The most easily components Are the gasoline range three chain |
|
| 48:15 | . The most valuable fraction is lost the ice while Kane's then the psychological |
|
| 48:22 | so if if I asked you in exam, give me the relative ease |
|
| 48:30 | which hydrocarbons get Germany alter. You're to see um the normal al canes |
|
| 48:42 | hurricanes in the ice oil kings and most stable will be the psycho |
|
| 48:50 | They will not undergo severe genius. saturates are the easiest to attack. |
|
| 49:06 | aromatics will be mixed easier. The less easy to attack last for teams |
|
| 49:15 | the most stable. So if you an oil consisting, security german prisoners |
|
| 49:20 | things and you start attacking it by alliteration, you're going to lose centuries |
|
| 49:27 | , Then the aromatics. Then the . Then that's 14. Yeah. |
|
| 49:42 | . And that alteration will cause reduction the data gravity and an increase in |
|
| 49:50 | . So fresh light oil will have gravity of maybe for your lighter have |
|
| 49:57 | discuss city of only half a century . And uh, saturated hydrocarbons can |
|
| 50:04 | quite, quite a significant traction as can see here moderately by degraded The |
|
| 50:12 | gravity changed from 40° 28 degrees 29 30 degrees. The discussion has changed |
|
| 50:20 | half a century prior to 2.5 enterprise as hydrocarbon content went from 80% 70% |
|
| 50:30 | Severe by recommendation with the FBI has from 40 two, 29 or 32 |
|
| 50:38 | low as 19° or even less than . Some by agreed oils can have |
|
| 50:48 | api gravity of one or 0. , Discuss cities as you can |
|
| 50:55 | Changes from Havas enterprise to have central to 16. Central such as hydrocarbon |
|
| 51:06 | For more than 80%,, 70% As as 30%. Okay, these are |
|
| 51:16 | changes which I want everyone to Keep uh he was a case history |
|
| 51:31 | the south china sea And I showed this many times before the A. |
|
| 51:37 | . T. The agip, chevron block 16 8 the chemical block 16 |
|
| 51:46 | 20. Make sure both have no there just simply different blocks in the |
|
| 51:54 | china sea. This block oil coming quite deep in this block oil is |
|
| 52:02 | very close to the 160 degree ISA in this block oil is at a |
|
| 52:09 | temperature much lower temperature than 160 degree sir and you can see the changes |
|
| 52:18 | are happening to that oil. Flat plus the light ends loss of everything |
|
| 52:27 | the pristine and the fighting. You eventually even the Priest aid in the |
|
| 52:32 | will go he. Yeah. Just as a reminder nomenclature a structure |
|
| 52:51 | organic compounds, Simplest compounds are methane be expressed in this formula or this |
|
| 52:59 | are simply referred to to see one emperor office Normal parents for example this |
|
| 53:10 | ch three ch two ch two ch ch three die so benefits I should |
|
| 53:17 | . Yeah see high so I came of the normal kid and then the |
|
| 53:23 | of paranoids. Mhm. Long genes these roofs off I think the supreme |
|
| 53:41 | functions you can see the regularity here simply links of this has been structure |
|
| 53:56 | the jeep Keaton of operation imagination effects oil with low levels of degradation. |
|
| 54:14 | see the full complement of the normal Christine and the 15 a relatively |
|
| 54:22 | This is actually mildly, mildly mildly regretted just stop it. But for |
|
| 54:29 | practical purposes it's not really by the Here. The by degradation. 2nd |
|
| 54:37 | normal para fins adjacent to the Christine the fighting or gone. The |
|
| 54:44 | The fighting are very pronounced and the hump. We call this the caffeine |
|
| 54:53 | . This I click the beginning to from nothing two very pronounced to extremely |
|
| 55:00 | . All the normal person con christian are extremely abundant here. Even the |
|
| 55:08 | in the fighting began to be These are sequential changes in the composition |
|
| 55:21 | crude oils as a consequence of bye in the subsurface. Okay guys, |
|
| 55:34 | comments or any questions on this subject this issue? Um this is an |
|
| 55:47 | from the north of Point field in . It is a multiple fields. |
|
| 55:52 | see how many reasons in this Very interesting actually. Multi pane fields |
|
| 56:04 | common in Nigeria. The *** These are Royals found in that |
|
| 56:18 | Almost no alteration beginning. Yeah of operation, very significant tradition and severe |
|
| 56:30 | where everything has gone. Even the and the friday. Even the entrepreneurs |
|
| 56:36 | beginning to be taken up by the . Yeah. Yeah. Um I |
|
| 56:53 | to see this story because it's a and from Chevron. Can we go |
|
| 57:00 | Mexico I'm the technical guy and from . Let's go to judges test. |
|
| 57:08 | to argue about why the *** delta seem to have this kind of variable |
|
| 57:23 | . And I maintained the nitrous victor is usually like this and the fact |
|
| 57:31 | it changes to this kind of composition to operation of the program interest. |
|
| 57:35 | . No no no no this is . And we had so how do |
|
| 57:42 | resolve that it took? Yeah. . The deepest one at least |
|
| 57:52 | And we. Mhm. Yes. . Victories and. Uh huh. |
|
| 58:03 | . Mhm. Something. Well yeah . And we need to sit For |
|
| 58:14 | days. 55 days. 124 And we got this pageant remember better |
|
| 58:25 | remember is better there isn't one present oil self from different that's in the |
|
| 58:35 | delta field. It's just one of oils released as we have not inoculated |
|
| 58:48 | this material. And got it to greed with time two. A pattern |
|
| 58:58 | in this direction. Thank you. is worse. Anything that's we'll just |
|
| 59:11 | time is not fighting this between your and chemists and geologists for that geologists |
|
| 59:18 | to believe that the oil is in explanations don't do it. Or as |
|
| 59:26 | seem trustworthy source package. As a source package. Can we begin arming |
|
| 59:36 | yo this just this is coming Yeah. Trying to see that's three |
|
| 59:50 | want and all right, so you examples of uh various degree of cooperation |
|
| 60:03 | crude oils mrs you actually protect this where the last scene hump is becoming |
|
| 60:14 | pronounced, Christine. And fighting are to be uh obvious and strong credits |
|
| 60:21 | the adjacent normal benefits here is where is gone. Including not only the |
|
| 60:29 | benefits in the in the crude but the President fighting themselves are beginning to |
|
| 60:36 | greeted and here nothing is left except see oh the high appreciate it. |
|
| 60:45 | played in the reservoir? Um This from and you feel it here in |
|
| 60:52 | backyard. Many texas with him. know There is seven oil fields. |
|
| 61:06 | . Yeah texas marriage is like after product in texas. And we see |
|
| 61:20 | oil in the mental field is. clearly by the grading chocolate by oil |
|
| 61:32 | . That little sorry, looks like right. In fact there is some |
|
| 61:39 | the relation has started because you see pristine and the fighting are beginning to |
|
| 61:44 | quite naturally in the 90s and normal very mild. Very early on eventually |
|
| 61:52 | oil is gonna give rise to that the reservoir. It's left longer. |
|
| 61:58 | if the water washing is more severe or President has been elevated subjected to |
|
| 62:10 | criteria. Okay, so here is all these fields the man will field |
|
| 62:17 | go orchard field um chocolate bio with all these fields and these are the |
|
| 62:31 | . Look at the men will Remember I showed you the men will |
|
| 62:35 | where the normal parents are completely Look at the straight chain branch, |
|
| 62:40 | components and disciple component plot. This the the cool. I can't even |
|
| 62:55 | . I think these are the straight . Is that the british? |
|
| 63:05 | And see okay okay enormous. The distribution in the algo ocean chocolate by |
|
| 63:17 | in west Columbia. Right. And the men do. He's not even |
|
| 63:24 | here because there are normal. Yeah cold in chewed up by the |
|
| 63:34 | This is another phenomenon. Um We're the reservoir temperature vs. To present |
|
| 63:45 | better feel content. Is this what expected and consequence of by the |
|
| 64:00 | Look at it and think about it a minute as the temperature of the |
|
| 64:07 | increases amount of elephants, he's dying no for the your temperature reservoirs and |
|
| 64:24 | high for the high temperature reservoirs, that the normal para fits here have |
|
| 64:30 | been affected as much as they have in this. In these cases you |
|
| 64:40 | the relationship of temperature with Sherr amount bacteria operation yep. As there is |
|
| 64:54 | what opportunity increases. Right and they chew up on the normal benefits. |
|
| 65:06 | the content of normal pair of his with Yeah bio degradation. FBI |
|
| 65:21 | The depth this is the common Try a little many, many reservoirs |
|
| 65:31 | these are that's a typical crude oil the full complement of normal para |
|
| 65:37 | You see the harmonic distribution of the parents and the relative abundance of the |
|
| 65:43 | aromatics resins and that's 14 centuries. presence. The reason why I repeat |
|
| 65:55 | I want you to remember that. . The typical oil changing. Mhm |
|
| 66:06 | . This kind of deal with an in this for king contempt. |
|
| 66:12 | Two. A very high as 14 with alteration. Mhm. Time again |
|
| 66:38 | I'm showing two reservoirs basically different depths ST so implying that there is a |
|
| 66:50 | . Hydrocarbons a long history. So reservoir was charged. This one was |
|
| 67:02 | uh huh segregation of that single phase . Too heavy residual oil and light |
|
| 67:16 | traction up. Six. Yeah. in this case update we have a |
|
| 67:28 | accumulation of crude. Oy. You gas invasion precipitation of gods from |
|
| 67:36 | This is Theresa. This is precipitation rational teens, Persecution of the 40s |
|
| 67:42 | the gas charges. So we're going have very heavy products here and like |
|
| 67:51 | products away from the floor where the has not been. That's right. |
|
| 67:59 | of let your guests Oh, like to end up with. Yeah, |
|
| 68:08 | the fault with the hydrocarbon with the charge has come in and just a |
|
| 68:15 | school. Oy, away from Yeah. Contact. Okay. Um |
|
| 68:29 | is uh again traumatizing the segregation of oil from the single fees doing into |
|
| 68:38 | product. So single phase fluid formation and migration of two phases. They |
|
| 68:46 | fees in the fluid fees. Further in this case you have a single |
|
| 68:57 | fluid, which it doesn't have to me a sequential different television reservoir, |
|
| 69:08 | segregation. Yeah. Of a residual and what we may turn retrograde |
|
| 69:19 | So segregation migrated accumulation. A residual with retrograde condensate accumulation on top of |
|
| 69:44 | . Okay, time. Let's take short break. Music. What? |
|
| 70:01 | , Let's take it. What does say? 3? Oh no |
|
