| 00:00 | what? And then I'm going to to pull up, okay? Probably |
|
| 00:10 | to share the screen first. Nothing? Yes. Okay. |
|
| 00:30 | I use, um, Google So, uh, everybody let me |
|
| 00:34 | if you can see the slide. ever see it looks good. |
|
| 00:45 | Now, I've lost all my recording . I guess the recorders on there |
|
| 00:49 | are. Okay. Anyway, we're virtual this semester. How do |
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| 00:59 | folks feel about being virtual? I think in some ways it's convenient |
|
| 01:04 | a lot of people, but I the university is is trying to get |
|
| 01:12 | face to face time. But with rate of covert up high the way |
|
| 01:16 | is right now, lot of folks Yeah. Hang on. I got |
|
| 01:23 | faculty meeting that just popped up on other computer. Yeah, Yeah, |
|
| 01:35 | . Wow. Yeah. And it's dismissing. Yeah, yeah, I |
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| 01:51 | I got rid of it. Okay. Thank you for getting me |
|
| 01:55 | of faculty meeting. Uh huh. , um, as I was |
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| 02:03 | you know, it seems like everybody to be adapting really well to virtual |
|
| 02:07 | , and people are doing a lot . I think with them than we |
|
| 02:09 | thought we would do. I, okay, this thing keeps popping |
|
| 02:16 | I'm gonna have Thio. Microsoft teams a nuisance, and I'm trying Thio |
|
| 02:32 | to get rid of it. well, well, I think I'm |
|
| 02:49 | going to turn my computer off. ? Okay, hopefully that did it |
|
| 03:01 | , for spring, it looks like gonna be scheduling for all, |
|
| 03:06 | virtual classes again. Does anybody have problem with that? Don't be shot |
|
| 03:14 | . They have the conveniences, and are. It makes it really easy |
|
| 03:19 | like work around my schedule and So I have to get anywhere. |
|
| 03:22 | other than that e even in the yet? Yeah, I kind of |
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| 03:30 | really enjoy FaceTime. I like seeing . And we're gonna have AAA log |
|
| 03:35 | that I have to figure out how going to do virtual, But but |
|
| 03:40 | than that, I think we can it, but I think you |
|
| 03:44 | when people get together, I think a little extra magic there. But |
|
| 03:48 | have found during this period of getting together with people online is not |
|
| 03:55 | good, but it za good Second thing I think e o like real |
|
| 04:01 | with people. Yeah, of And and And I think that's why |
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| 04:07 | have glasses. Yeah, because uh you know, fortunately, doing |
|
| 04:13 | synchronously like everybody's here in class, not like trying to get defensive driving |
|
| 04:20 | something online. It's it's a lot personal. We get to see each |
|
| 04:25 | . And, uh, I think the chat session at the beginning of |
|
| 04:30 | that we had is something that's really for everybody, sort of. And |
|
| 04:34 | think it it gets people interested in geologists in geology rather and and even |
|
| 04:41 | , ammonites or or whatever they might . And so so I think that's |
|
| 04:49 | working out Now. If things somehow , we may be able to start |
|
| 04:55 | face to face. But it's really at this point in time to schedule |
|
| 05:00 | to face classes because we actually have have rooms that have doubled the number |
|
| 05:06 | people that we have. In our . That's not going to be a |
|
| 05:10 | , because we only have 10 students the class and we have a classroom |
|
| 05:14 | fits 24. So if we have go or if we're able to go |
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| 05:20 | face to face and everybody wanted I would say let's do it. |
|
| 05:25 | , um, at this point in , I don't think any of the |
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| 05:30 | are gone face to face, except a few of the undergraduate courses in |
|
| 05:36 | spring. So I just wanna let in on that. Another issue about |
|
| 05:41 | semester's. Hopefully next week. I'll , ah, good tentative schedule for |
|
| 05:48 | the spring semester, and I'm gonna up the time slots. I'm going |
|
| 05:54 | set up what courses I think should in those time slots. But if |
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| 05:59 | doesn't fit a particular professor schedule we , we may switch the classes |
|
| 06:04 | But we won't change the times unless have to. So when you get |
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| 06:10 | tentative schedule, that should be pretty for your planning purposes and, |
|
| 06:16 | hopefully by if not late next early the week after that, we'll |
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| 06:24 | the schedule finalized for the spring. , um, if anybody wants to |
|
| 06:32 | in touch with me, I know been trying to get ahold of Joe |
|
| 06:35 | , and we've been kind of missing other, but but if you need |
|
| 06:40 | get a hold of me. um, I have my office numbers |
|
| 06:46 | here, but I'm not gonna be , so send me an email, |
|
| 06:51 | every time I go into the it's kind of emptied out and |
|
| 06:56 | So, uh, there's not a going on there, but I need |
|
| 06:59 | get in there and start doing some work. So I'm gonna be going |
|
| 07:02 | every now and then. So it be possible to meet on campus if |
|
| 07:06 | anybody wants to, uh, for kind of consultation, but send me |
|
| 07:12 | email and we can sort that But I think most of time we |
|
| 07:15 | do everything by email and on the . And if we decide to talk |
|
| 07:22 | the phone, all I need is your phone number, and I'll probably |
|
| 07:26 | you from my cell number. If if we want to come to |
|
| 07:31 | , can we or is that what's the deal with that? |
|
| 07:34 | you can go to campus, and think I'm pretty sure the library is |
|
| 07:38 | , but you have to check under , and, uh, and when |
|
| 07:45 | , uh I think when we get class is we're not gonna have any |
|
| 07:51 | semester with computers. But if we get to a class that needs, |
|
| 07:56 | , the computer lab, I think can accommodate that, um, in |
|
| 08:03 | spring and fall. Excuse me. spring in the summer we actually |
|
| 08:08 | ah, computer class online, and were able to get everybody remote |
|
| 08:13 | which is something we don't normally do a lot of our data, because |
|
| 08:17 | proprietary, and we don't want people it for consulting and that kind of |
|
| 08:21 | . But for the classes, we able to do that for the basin |
|
| 08:26 | course that was taught, I believe the summer. And, uh, |
|
| 08:30 | might have been in the spring So , that that worked out really well |
|
| 08:34 | the spring. And so we'll be to handle that. And that's the |
|
| 08:39 | reason to come in, Uh, again, with the logging exercise and |
|
| 08:44 | the mapping exercise, I'm gonna have dio It would help if we were |
|
| 08:49 | it hands on. But I'll try figure out a way Thio to compensate |
|
| 08:55 | that online and try to give you ZMA back up information as I can |
|
| 09:00 | show you things Hear from from uh, from my home office, |
|
| 09:08 | , by just holding things up like in front of the screen and hopefully |
|
| 09:12 | be able to see something, but lot of it will be, |
|
| 09:16 | it will be in slide so that can see it more clearly. |
|
| 09:27 | Okay. Um so here is basically I put up, So I'm glad |
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| 09:34 | wants to meet. Um, Let's if I could do something else so |
|
| 09:43 | can read the screen. Okay. were by and large gonna have ah |
|
| 09:50 | of 10 minute breaks, I uh, even though we have these |
|
| 09:54 | class times and especially because we have long class times, I think it's |
|
| 09:59 | important that we take breaks and pause now and then eso that people don't |
|
| 10:07 | real tired and whatnot. And you've been doing this already, but we're |
|
| 10:11 | probably have 10. And maybe in cases, if we have a long |
|
| 10:15 | , will have a 15 minute and then around lunch will probably have |
|
| 10:19 | 45 minute break. When we're on . It usually ends up being an |
|
| 10:24 | because it's very hard Thio to go , get lunch and come back and |
|
| 10:29 | than an hour. But I think can do 45 minute breaks. And |
|
| 10:35 | we finished class 15 minutes early because that, like at 4 45 instead |
|
| 10:40 | five PM, that'll be fine, . The schedule for the exam is |
|
| 10:45 | Wednesday, 68 p. M. that's, uh, the Wednesday before |
|
| 10:53 | , and that's on the schedule. if you folks want to move |
|
| 10:57 | let me know because we're doing it and the way I'm going to do |
|
| 11:00 | online exam, at least the way think I'm going to do it right |
|
| 11:05 | , It would be really good if can take it at the same |
|
| 11:10 | But other than that, um, know, we probably could have a |
|
| 11:15 | people taking it different times. And somebody can't make it on the scheduled |
|
| 11:22 | , for example, if we all to do Tuesday, but somebody can't |
|
| 11:26 | it Tuesday, uh, I would that, uh, if one or |
|
| 11:31 | people want to do it a different , we would do it a day |
|
| 11:35 | than a day later. And the being is because Aziz Muchas I trust |
|
| 11:41 | of you and and always assume that got a bunch of ana students. |
|
| 11:48 | of the things that I know for is that if people are being competitive |
|
| 11:55 | , and they take the test they're not going to tell the rest |
|
| 11:59 | the class what was on the because it will really hurt them, |
|
| 12:02 | all of the grades, they're gonna curved. And, uh, don't |
|
| 12:07 | me what the curve is because I know, until I have the |
|
| 12:11 | You can't. You can't justify a until you actually see the data. |
|
| 12:18 | So anyway, that's how I'd like see it. Like if, for |
|
| 12:22 | , the class decides we're going to this on Tuesday and somebody can't do |
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| 12:25 | Tuesday, then it would be good you could do it on Monday. |
|
| 12:31 | , that makes sense to you. then, um, and then that |
|
| 12:35 | there's less chance of, uh, considering helping out the rest of the |
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| 12:42 | when they when they haven't been able get advantage of hearing about the the |
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| 12:47 | ahead of time either, which, the way, I consider academic |
|
| 12:52 | Thanks. Okay, so next Okay. Um Okay, So this |
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| 13:05 | what we're gonna be doing primarily the week, and, uh, one |
|
| 13:12 | things, uh, I noticed was I have the books listed on my |
|
| 13:17 | , and for some reason, it there. So I haven't told you |
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| 13:20 | about books yet. And there is good book that's a good companion to |
|
| 13:25 | course. You don't need it, , uh, it's a book that's |
|
| 13:30 | reading whether you use it for the or not. And, uh, |
|
| 13:34 | I'll go over what chapters in that relate to which lectures. And if |
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| 13:41 | get it, uh, I think might be hard to get new, |
|
| 13:46 | , unfortunately, the second edition, thing came out in, uh, |
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| 13:54 | and four, and I actually got in 2000 and three because I knew |
|
| 13:57 | authors. But the second edition is out momentarily, as they say these |
|
| 14:06 | , and I don't know exactly when is going to be, but because |
|
| 14:11 | that, if you get a text , you might have to buy a |
|
| 14:14 | one on Amazon for in some you may be able to get in |
|
| 14:19 | library and actually find a pdf that can use for a certain amount of |
|
| 14:24 | . Eso you might want to try . I know the the library carries |
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| 14:29 | book and in the past, the of students and checked it out. |
|
| 14:34 | think they have more than one but But it is. It is |
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| 14:38 | book, and I'll get to that a little while and then I'll go |
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| 14:41 | these other things. Then we're going talk about petroleum is a resource. |
|
| 14:48 | of course I have a lot of , Uh, that are really interested |
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| 14:55 | this, and it's important. Of , the reason for this is that |
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| 15:01 | if, uh if we're all gonna looking for oil and gas, we |
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| 15:06 | to have a good handle on something the economics associated with it, supply |
|
| 15:13 | demand controls in all sorts of And I haven't put this on the |
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| 15:19 | that I'm going to show you, probably, uh, early next week |
|
| 15:24 | send you ah, short assignment. actually evaluate an aspect of of some |
|
| 15:32 | the narratives that we're hearing in the these days about oil and gas in |
|
| 15:37 | future of oil and gas and that of thing. But I'm going to |
|
| 15:40 | through the lecture and not mention because when I asked you to do |
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| 15:47 | is gonna be like a three page up where you evaluate a couple of |
|
| 15:53 | and, uh and it's XYZ the time I've done this. But I |
|
| 15:58 | , really would like to upfront, , see an example of of our |
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| 16:04 | students trying to look at data and up with some sort of conclusion by |
|
| 16:09 | at the data and not looking at people's narratives but actually looking at the |
|
| 16:16 | in saying this is what I just or Amer or Sarah or a Geraldine |
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| 16:24 | whomever. This is what I think on what I'm looking at, and |
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| 16:29 | something that I think would be a good exercise to start out with. |
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| 16:32 | will be a five point exercise. , so so that's gonna be what |
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| 16:38 | do after the introduction. Then we're talk about a number of terms in |
|
| 16:43 | oil industry and many of you work it. I think all of you |
|
| 16:46 | , actually. So you're gonna know of this stuff, but it's always |
|
| 16:51 | . Thio lay down some ground make sure we're all calling things pretty |
|
| 16:57 | the same thing. And if maybe that'll help sort it out. |
|
| 17:02 | I'm gonna go into this concept of value chain. This is something that |
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| 17:10 | hammered a lot, uh, in the turn of this century. |
|
| 17:16 | uh, and some companies, spend a lot of time calling things |
|
| 17:22 | practices, and I think they still it best practices. But basically, |
|
| 17:27 | this is about is looking at the stages of Of what we do is |
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| 17:36 | as we go from the most remote about producing a reservoir to in broad |
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| 17:45 | to the finest scale in most detailed that we look at when we're trying |
|
| 17:50 | enhance production. And that's kind of that's about. So you kind of |
|
| 17:55 | of petroleum. Geology is being all the reservoir in the elements that contribute |
|
| 18:02 | that reservoir, but the same time spend a lot of energy and money |
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| 18:08 | to figure things out at different stages the process of actually developing and producing |
|
| 18:14 | reservoir. And that's kind of what value chains all about. Next thing |
|
| 18:18 | going to do is look at some properties of Reservoir rocks. Of |
|
| 18:24 | this is sort of like, more or less, what is it |
|
| 18:28 | sedimentary geology that makes it important in geology? And that's pretty much what |
|
| 18:37 | about. And then, uh, we're gonna look at basins and structure |
|
| 18:43 | a really broad sense and more or how strata graphic and structural architecture er |
|
| 18:50 | a basin impact the types of reservoir is we should be looking for in |
|
| 18:58 | types of configurations that the traps might in these different things and how, |
|
| 19:04 | it say 100,000 ft. We can get an idea of what we should |
|
| 19:09 | looking for when we actually get down the ground and start drilling wells and |
|
| 19:14 | our seismic lines and that sort of . So it's sort of a |
|
| 19:18 | Uh, that might be, more where you are a frontier expiration |
|
| 19:24 | expiration itself, as opposed to more less concerned about production or appraisal. |
|
| 19:32 | when we're in the praise will face of these things come together. |
|
| 19:38 | Okay. Okay. The second uh, way may not get to |
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| 19:47 | and structure tomorrow, but but we . And if we do, we |
|
| 19:50 | , and we might even get through . Then after that, we'll start |
|
| 19:55 | very not all the logging tools, I think if I look, there's |
|
| 20:02 | some new ones this week I've never of before. It keeps changing, |
|
| 20:07 | we're gonna look at a lot of basic logging tools that geoscientists, especially |
|
| 20:12 | , used to actually figure out what's on and get these single point references |
|
| 20:19 | permeability, porosity, lift lift, and all sorts of things without actually |
|
| 20:25 | a core. And and then there's number of other significant tools that you'll |
|
| 20:33 | in the future. Some of you air from later cohorts. You may |
|
| 20:37 | already gone through a lot of Some of you have already had petro |
|
| 20:41 | and you've looked at it in But basically we're going to be looking |
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| 20:45 | this in terms of how can we at logs really quickly, sort of |
|
| 20:49 | rapid look rapid scan and figure out I have in a well and where |
|
| 20:55 | can go go from there to get things. And we're looking at some |
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| 20:58 | the geophysical tools and that sort of . And then at the end of |
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| 21:05 | day, when we're looking at a sweet of logs, like, |
|
| 21:09 | a gamma and resistive ity and maybe process the logs, we do a |
|
| 21:15 | called Correlation. So we're gonna have correlation exercise. And you see, |
|
| 21:22 | break this up into two. to exercise is one is without by |
|
| 21:28 | strata graphic control, and one is it. I think this time we're |
|
| 21:32 | going to do it once we're gonna the BIOS traffic graphic control upfront, |
|
| 21:37 | more or less help. You kind get everything aligned a little bit better |
|
| 21:42 | front. I find that it's a least for me. It seems educational |
|
| 21:49 | students to try to correlate using the and and the various logs, sweets |
|
| 21:58 | we have to correlate before they actually what the bio strata graphic data can |
|
| 22:03 | to help. But I think to a lot of extra time and everything |
|
| 22:09 | just do this one time with all data instead of not any of the |
|
| 22:14 | . Now, when, uh, when people do correlation exercises and I |
|
| 22:20 | lots of them in textbooks and a of times they have one, |
|
| 22:27 | uh, they put different depths on , and they call them five different |
|
| 22:33 | and you correlate to wells that look alike. And from my perspective, |
|
| 22:39 | teaches you absolutely nothing. So I real logs that I call the logs |
|
| 22:45 | hell. Ah, that are correlated , but they're not easily correlate herbal |
|
| 22:54 | and again, the bio Strat data help. You kind of get things |
|
| 22:57 | line up front, but I'll give a lot of tips as to how |
|
| 23:03 | more people in the past used to this in the present. Now we |
|
| 23:07 | it on a computer and work and it's really hard to get it |
|
| 23:13 | the right scale to do real correlation a computer, because it's either if |
|
| 23:19 | get it a to the scale that need to kind of slip logs and |
|
| 23:24 | out you know what, where do 2 1000 ft sections from each well |
|
| 23:29 | together. Uh, you know, logs air so small you can't really |
|
| 23:33 | much and eso it's it's a really thing to do, and I know |
|
| 23:39 | lot of our past Students do a of these things that other people don't |
|
| 23:45 | because they've learned how to do it hand, and they've seen the value |
|
| 23:50 | it. And so I hope I that you will will. Also, |
|
| 23:54 | not just busy work, but I it's important to really see how to |
|
| 23:59 | things I wanted things. It's really to do is to get on a |
|
| 24:04 | , click a bunch of points on logs and think you have it |
|
| 24:08 | And then only to find out from that actually slipped logs that you're your |
|
| 24:14 | ft off on one well in 150 off on another well and maybe, |
|
| 24:19 | , something even worse. And even , I've had an example where company |
|
| 24:25 | trying to drill a core across the tertiary boundary to help us out as |
|
| 24:32 | . And I told him, You , give me three logs. I'll |
|
| 24:34 | you where it ISS and, uh they said no. We have three |
|
| 24:39 | seismic three D seismic was off by ft, and when they court |
|
| 24:45 | they missed it. And, it doesn't happen all the time. |
|
| 24:49 | a lot of these mistakes that happen because we put too much faith in |
|
| 24:56 | the simple approach to analyzing thing rather actually really try to look and understand |
|
| 25:01 | data. It's very hard to correlate sections unless you've spent some time actually |
|
| 25:08 | at the logs. And and I it's it's kind of hard for people |
|
| 25:13 | imagine that when you can look on computer screen, you can see 25 |
|
| 25:19 | in a cross section. Uh, out of scale. You could barely |
|
| 25:23 | , but but it looks pretty and I can click the dots and |
|
| 25:29 | it correlate. But then I've got mess and and I go in and |
|
| 25:33 | my boss and he just starts chuckling me. So, uh, that's |
|
| 25:37 | of why I like like you to this. There's another thing. They're |
|
| 25:42 | , uh, I'm almost obsessive about , Uh, because it really it |
|
| 25:48 | upsets me. One of the easiest to pick a fault is with two |
|
| 25:54 | , and I don't know why, it's really hard to get students these |
|
| 25:59 | to understand that you can pick a based on missing section in one log |
|
| 26:05 | not missing in the other log. to do that, though, you |
|
| 26:09 | to have a good correlation and eso going to try to show you how |
|
| 26:15 | happens. Now again, when you , you look at the text books |
|
| 26:20 | the Tear Bach Tear Pack and the fellow's textbook, Uh, and some |
|
| 26:26 | the other ones. They always give these really simple examples. You |
|
| 26:30 | if you have a beautiful sand and well in a beautiful sand and another |
|
| 26:35 | , and they look exactly the almost like they were carbon copied or |
|
| 26:43 | in a Xerox machine on then you a well in between and that sands |
|
| 26:48 | . Uh, then it's really obvious there's a fault in their on the |
|
| 26:53 | was faulted out. But when you logs that are a little bit more |
|
| 26:58 | to copy, and they have in fact, been copies or reproductions |
|
| 27:04 | the same well, it becomes a bit more complicated, but nevertheless you |
|
| 27:09 | find it and in fact, in is going to kind of tell you |
|
| 27:13 | age. But in the in the seventies, I worked in South Marcelin |
|
| 27:18 | 28 and, uh, I was to pick faults in a lot of |
|
| 27:27 | . Uh, that actually separated It's a very big field with probably |
|
| 27:34 | pay layers in it. And, , my task was thio to get |
|
| 27:42 | the perforations up because the production levels dropping off and I knew there was |
|
| 27:47 | lot of oil there. So I my imagination and everything and learn the |
|
| 27:52 | of how to find these faults. I was able to find separate fault |
|
| 27:56 | . But something that's complicating with finding is also looking at strata graphic thinning |
|
| 28:06 | an issue because strata graphic thinning can you think there is a fault when |
|
| 28:11 | isn't really a fault. And but not that complicated because strata graphic thinning |
|
| 28:17 | a larger scale problem in faulting is very localized problem on your log when |
|
| 28:24 | comes to correlation, so It's really simple thing to do. But for |
|
| 28:28 | reason I have a really hard time everybody they could do it Normally. |
|
| 28:33 | happens in the class of 10 Five people will decide. There's no |
|
| 28:38 | you can find a fault by correlating , and the other five will |
|
| 28:42 | Oh, my God, This really well, and I don't know |
|
| 28:46 | but I'm gonna try to get all of you to believe, okay? |
|
| 28:49 | actually, it's not a belief you really do it. Okay, |
|
| 28:55 | and then, uh, at the end of the first half of the |
|
| 29:00 | week, we'll go over sequence strata applications in doing exploration. You just |
|
| 29:07 | a course in this Johnny Bhattacharya is best and a lot of times my |
|
| 29:13 | , actually before his course, so becomes much more relevant. So when |
|
| 29:19 | get to this section, I'll probably primarily on how we use it at |
|
| 29:24 | phases of the value chain. then, the third week you're gonna |
|
| 29:31 | on the Friday a midterm, And we have a test, if I |
|
| 29:38 | a test in the middle of a one of these accelerated classes. It |
|
| 29:43 | to be first thing on Friday because I do at any other time of |
|
| 29:47 | week, people are gonna lose their and be worried about the test. |
|
| 29:52 | you'll come in on Friday. it's Friday, the 13th. It |
|
| 29:56 | turned out that way. But uh, you'll come in on |
|
| 30:00 | You'll get it over with. You'll relaxed. You'll be just really excited |
|
| 30:05 | learning more about these other things, frontier exploration, exploration and exploitation |
|
| 30:11 | And, uh, and then we into the map mapping exercise, and |
|
| 30:15 | we'll have another lecture on on And then, uh, the fourth |
|
| 30:21 | , which is just a Friday will appraisal number three. Then we'll talk |
|
| 30:27 | development and production, and we'll also about unconventional. Resource is now. |
|
| 30:32 | do have a section at the end unconventional Resource is, but I will |
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| 30:37 | mentioning, uh, you know, of the differences between looking at conventional |
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| 30:41 | unconventional as we go along through this process of of the Value chain, |
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| 30:48 | we're looking at the same elements, we're looking at them from different |
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| 30:52 | and that's really the only difference. I know Ah, lot of people |
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| 30:56 | when we started looking at unconventional. don't know anything about Shales, |
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| 31:01 | um, I'll bet you when you everybody here took build to praise |
|
| 31:07 | Yeah, does everybody had Trajan iss positional systems? Okay, maybe half |
|
| 31:16 | you have when you take that um, you get into a lot |
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| 31:24 | the sediment ology of of deposition, systems. And of course, it |
|
| 31:30 | Shales shells or not, something that don't know about and had to wait |
|
| 31:37 | unconventional came along. Before we knew about them. We did quite often |
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| 31:44 | the oil industry. Think of them a group of rocks that weren't important |
|
| 31:49 | we were focused on the sands. his geologist, we've always been looking |
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| 31:52 | the Shales. So in that we will be looking at it as |
|
| 31:58 | go through all of these other Uh, and but then, when |
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| 32:04 | get to the very last lecture on resource is will spend a little extra |
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| 32:08 | on some of the special places where are actually doing a lot of work |
|
| 32:12 | unconventional Resource is okay. Here is class book and glue you pronounce this |
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| 32:25 | ISS and Swarbrick and this thing is to come out in the second |
|
| 32:30 | But but the first editions of fine it was published by Blackwell and I |
|
| 32:39 | know what it is about Blackwell, , um, they have captured They |
|
| 32:43 | a really good book on carbonates and cause and all sorts of other different |
|
| 32:49 | of de positional systems. And something very characteristic of all their books is |
|
| 32:55 | have incredible content, but they have terrible figures. And, uh, |
|
| 33:02 | petroleum geoscience book is no exception of . It's all it's all in black |
|
| 33:08 | white. They don't even have great some of the seismic lines you're trying |
|
| 33:13 | that were in color. Originally, try to figure out what they are |
|
| 33:17 | . I knew Louis and Swarbrick way when, and, uh, and |
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| 33:24 | guys were pretty good because, I'd have to say that if if |
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| 33:31 | was milk, they would be able find oil in a field full of |
|
| 33:39 | . If you get what I mean that. In other words, they |
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| 33:42 | oil where nobody else can, where doesn't even exist, according to most |
|
| 33:47 | . So I really like the logic flow of their book. So if |
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| 33:51 | could get a copy of it is reading and and it can help you |
|
| 33:55 | Another class reference that I would suggest this is an A P G special |
|
| 34:01 | or something like that. But it's production. Geology Shepherd 2000 and |
|
| 34:06 | When we used to put references up students, we'd we'd list out the |
|
| 34:10 | thing. But these days you can in these things in on Google, |
|
| 34:16 | it'll pop up and you'll see a of the cover and everything. So |
|
| 34:20 | not gonna bother to put the I , p n and all that all |
|
| 34:23 | other type of reference stuff because it's would make my slide look a little |
|
| 34:29 | . Okay, Okay. And of , if you get the book |
|
| 34:36 | these were the chapters that go along the lectures that I have the |
|
| 34:42 | Nothing will be in the book on . But petroleum geology, petroleum in |
|
| 34:48 | is in one terms, and concepts be in all of these chapters. |
|
| 34:53 | rocks in here basins and structure, this is because they're looking at these |
|
| 34:58 | at different levels. I like to through a lot of these basic things |
|
| 35:02 | front so that when we start talking all the different levels in the value |
|
| 35:07 | , uh, people won't be, know, confused about it. If |
|
| 35:11 | if I started here without explaining all this, it might be a |
|
| 35:16 | hard time for you. Keep track what I'm talking about. Okay? |
|
| 35:21 | the grades, Uh, I'm putting 42 30 points on the final exam |
|
| 35:26 | 42 30 points in the midterm. , I'm sure this is going to |
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| 35:32 | everybody and then 30 points for the exercise. Um, down here, |
|
| 35:39 | decided that you're just gonna have one age and correlation you're gonna have one |
|
| 35:43 | logging would be the second one. the first one is gonna going to |
|
| 35:48 | a, um, exercise that I'm to send out next week for you |
|
| 35:55 | look at and consider to write something . I don't want people to stress |
|
| 35:59 | over it. Just, you the key is gonna be having data |
|
| 36:04 | the data and coming up with an that's not my narrative or somebody else's |
|
| 36:10 | , but it's you're evaluation of what data is really trying to tell |
|
| 36:17 | And, uh, and I'll put together. So it'll be the first |
|
| 36:20 | will be, uh, petroleum as resource exercise, then Agent correlation. |
|
| 36:29 | , and excuse me, then the exercise that agent correlation. And then |
|
| 36:34 | have a 15 point exercise or by , you'll map a field. And |
|
| 36:42 | it is with geology on all no matter how Maney wells we |
|
| 36:48 | I don't know what it is. with seismic. Sometimes we have a |
|
| 36:51 | time actually perfectly characterizing anything. So this exercise, what I did was |
|
| 36:59 | I created a three dimensional reservoir, I poked holes in it, and |
|
| 37:06 | holes that I poke into it give tops and bases of sand. They |
|
| 37:12 | us well water contacts that give us cuts and that sort of thing. |
|
| 37:19 | the idea is that hopefully you'll be to map something out that looks like |
|
| 37:25 | the ideal ized reservoir looked like with 15 or so wells that I give |
|
| 37:33 | that actually penetrated it and, one of my students at a capstone |
|
| 37:40 | on this and they surround 2011. think some of the algorithms have gotten |
|
| 37:47 | , but he used four of the software packages at the time, |
|
| 37:53 | uh, almost all of them were between 25 50% in terms of what |
|
| 37:59 | reserves were from poking Ah, hole this ideal ized reservoir. It's not |
|
| 38:07 | , you know, there's a reservoir might have had a shelled out section |
|
| 38:10 | didn't know about it might have had extra faults we didn't see. This |
|
| 38:15 | something I know exactly what it looks poked holes in it, and I |
|
| 38:20 | to let you characterized that reservoir and figure out the volume of it by |
|
| 38:28 | . And while you're doing it, want you to realize that it's been |
|
| 38:32 | with a number of algorithms from four ah computer of routines in sweets and |
|
| 38:45 | they had a hard time getting the answer. And so hopefully you'll find |
|
| 38:52 | interesting. Okay, and so the nature of this course is to |
|
| 38:59 | at many of the concepts in and sometimes this could be a really |
|
| 39:02 | first class because ah, lot of we have in this particular course is |
|
| 39:09 | be, um will be issues or that you're gonna be looking at other |
|
| 39:15 | . Whether you're taking the geological track you're taking the geophysical track, you're |
|
| 39:22 | the geophysical track. Uh, this becomes really important if you're in the |
|
| 39:28 | track. It's important because it kind gives you relevance to some of the |
|
| 39:33 | courses like Trajan Iss de positional systems , deposition all systems or carbonate sediment |
|
| 39:40 | . And the structure, of that you just had. Now, |
|
| 39:43 | , Steve Norick is a really well shell person, and, uh, |
|
| 39:49 | actually gets excited about some of the I get excited about. So there |
|
| 39:53 | be some overlap there when it comes seals in traps and stuff like |
|
| 40:00 | But I'm going to go through my because it's a little bit different |
|
| 40:04 | but it za quite similar. And kind of reinforce? Whatever it was |
|
| 40:10 | said, okay. And, and so again, because everybody is |
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| 40:18 | industry, you're going to be familiar a lot of this, but I'm |
|
| 40:21 | toe. We're gonna look at it we get through a lot of the |
|
| 40:25 | and what we do with these tools correlation and things like that and we |
|
| 40:29 | going through the value chain, we'll showing you kind of how geologists and |
|
| 40:37 | kind of rationalize things and sort things . We do now have these things |
|
| 40:45 | people have, you know, sort set plans and, uh, sort |
|
| 40:50 | , ah, work plan for everything they want to do. And in |
|
| 40:54 | ways it's kind of like what I call cookbook geology. And I want |
|
| 40:59 | to be a little bit better than with a good workflow, but someone |
|
| 41:06 | can actually look at a geological problem a geophysical problem and figure out what |
|
| 41:12 | is you need because you kind of an idea what that reservoir auto look |
|
| 41:16 | because of the things that you learn on the upper end of the Value |
|
| 41:20 | . And, uh, and how can sort that out, Um, |
|
| 41:25 | the tools that you have, for , a lot of the places that |
|
| 41:28 | done technology and are places where geophysics always work that well, and, |
|
| 41:34 | and that's when you really need And so I'll try to bring some |
|
| 41:39 | those examples up in, uh, the North Sea, for example, |
|
| 41:44 | you're working in the Jurassic or even Cretaceous, Uh, you have to |
|
| 41:49 | through this energy absorbing thing called the , and that makes image in very |
|
| 41:56 | . Unless you have sub sea or ocean bottom seismic and, |
|
| 42:03 | s so that you can get s in there. You get shear wave |
|
| 42:08 | there, not just compression, all . And but having said that, |
|
| 42:14 | , lot of times when we have big resource weaken goto o B |
|
| 42:17 | It's very expensive, and we can those problems. But an awful lot |
|
| 42:23 | done and get started with using geological . And so I'll be focusing a |
|
| 42:28 | on that. But I will mention tools because all of these things work |
|
| 42:33 | together, okay, And here the course objectives, and I'm not going |
|
| 42:40 | read these out to you or because they kind of reflect everything that |
|
| 42:46 | already been saying. Ah, but will look at these processes and these |
|
| 42:55 | that we have different stages of the chain, and I will be giving |
|
| 42:59 | examples of fields that I've actually worked around the world arms. I know |
|
| 43:08 | of you might be working domestically right and just focused on one particular |
|
| 43:17 | But in the course of a quite often you can do a lot |
|
| 43:21 | things. And personally, I've looked problems somewhere around 65 or 70 different |
|
| 43:29 | . And so you can, through a career get a very broad |
|
| 43:35 | on, um, the oil, , systems all over the world rather |
|
| 43:42 | just in one place. Another thing I find out I found out, |
|
| 43:47 | , by doing all this, is when people focus on one particular |
|
| 43:53 | they sort of get into a workflow . It's sort of said and |
|
| 43:59 | it's a little bit cookbook, and think, Well, we all need |
|
| 44:01 | do this, and we all need need to do that. And a |
|
| 44:05 | of times, folks don't stop and , Well, what if we do |
|
| 44:08 | thing that's done in Azerbaijan that we do over here in the Gulf of |
|
| 44:16 | and, uh, when people have outside in different perspectives, and they |
|
| 44:22 | them into a problem. Sometimes, , light goes on and people realized |
|
| 44:30 | tools that we have somewhere else actually for maybe a different reason even better |
|
| 44:35 | a basin where we haven't used them . And so seeing the way things |
|
| 44:40 | and how they're a little bit different one place to the next is also |
|
| 44:43 | really good, um, educational aspect what I try to get across in |
|
| 44:48 | course. Okay, so here I like to be real explicit about |
|
| 44:58 | value chain and to make test questions . I kind of list him like |
|
| 45:06 | . And this is what I'm looking for an answer on a test. |
|
| 45:12 | , there is frontier exploration. Then a separate process or perspective for exploration |
|
| 45:21 | exploitation. And then we find, , where a lot of stuff goes |
|
| 45:28 | and doesn't go on eyes in And then the phase after that is |
|
| 45:35 | and production. So if you follow dancing cursor here, let me put |
|
| 45:40 | on. Okay, so we have have actually six steps in the value |
|
| 45:54 | . There's frontier. There's exploration. exploitation. There's appraisal, there's development |
|
| 46:05 | there's production. And when when I doing all of these different things, |
|
| 46:12 | didn't always put them all together. , ah, when you think about |
|
| 46:17 | and you know a little bit more it when you're doing appraisal, it |
|
| 46:22 | is critical that you focus on what supposed to be doing there, and |
|
| 46:26 | talk about this example in the But, uh, but I have |
|
| 46:30 | example where, uh, a company not yet found about 400 million barrels |
|
| 46:41 | oil with seven wells, and that's they hadn't actually penetrated any one of |
|
| 46:50 | fixed sections where that oil waas basically would be in the phase of |
|
| 46:56 | And when you're in exploration, there's certain way to go about doing that |
|
| 47:03 | of finding that oil field or that . Once you've done this, the |
|
| 47:09 | thing you want to do is appraise discovery and you start looking for the |
|
| 47:14 | of it. But in this particular that I'm not gonna say anymore about |
|
| 47:19 | this point time. Ah, with wells pretty much completely circling one of |
|
| 47:29 | largest fields in the north sea on company missed finding the oil and they |
|
| 47:38 | question whether or not the sand was . And of course, the sand |
|
| 47:42 | there and the sand was absolutely full oil. They drilled seven wells and |
|
| 47:48 | couldn't find anything on their acreage. , uh, basically, I went |
|
| 47:56 | explained to them why this had to there, and I won't go into |
|
| 48:01 | details now. But the key waas the reason why somebody like myself had |
|
| 48:07 | go in and explain something that really have needed have been explained is that |
|
| 48:11 | they were looking for that original the key is to drilling exploration. |
|
| 48:19 | , not an appraisal. Well, you're drilling exploration, well, you're |
|
| 48:24 | for the mother lode. First, want to find out How big can |
|
| 48:29 | thing be? Is it is it minnow or is it a whale? |
|
| 48:34 | , uh, in the case of particular field, they were doing appraisal |
|
| 48:42 | . They were seeing the tapered edge a really fantastic reservoir, which, |
|
| 48:48 | they had discovered it, they would realized there were two reservoirs in the |
|
| 48:52 | blocks to the north and the fault to the south, and they had |
|
| 48:56 | huge field, but they kept hitting boundaries, and they never drilled the |
|
| 49:02 | where the mother lode of that So it's very critical throughout your career |
|
| 49:07 | remember where you are in this value and what you need to be doing |
|
| 49:12 | each one of these steps. um, I'm not gonna read through |
|
| 49:19 | of this, either. But one things that's happened a lot is, |
|
| 49:27 | , and here I mentioned overwhelming new in guiding and planning horizontal wells for |
|
| 49:32 | or conventional plays. What is a ? We're going to talk about what |
|
| 49:36 | play is, but basically a player defined by a number of the petroleum |
|
| 49:42 | elements on. It's something that seems have common elements in a given area |
|
| 49:50 | the area that we call a and that's basically what it is. |
|
| 49:54 | we'll get into more details later when get into into that part of the |
|
| 50:00 | the course on one of the things really bothers me now is that a |
|
| 50:05 | of geologists ah, are primarily, , a steering wells and not really |
|
| 50:13 | ah lot of geological work. And something that you need to think about |
|
| 50:19 | because when you get out of this , you're gonna have a lot of |
|
| 50:22 | and skills if you don't already have that are gonna be applicable to a |
|
| 50:26 | of problems that you may not be asked to work on. But you're |
|
| 50:31 | to need to volunteer information when you , uh, ah, areas of |
|
| 50:40 | some process that's going on, whether in frontier all the way down to |
|
| 50:44 | , that could benefit by using more than just steering a well. And |
|
| 50:50 | thing is, in the past, . This still really goes on in |
|
| 50:58 | companies and sometimes in smaller companies, I think the smaller companies did a |
|
| 51:03 | of frontier. Expiration when it came unconventional is way ahead of everybody |
|
| 51:11 | which is why the smaller companies ended with all the pies in the |
|
| 51:17 | And, uh, but a lot times, ah ah, lot of |
|
| 51:22 | will go into frontier and exploration because we get to that expiration phase, |
|
| 51:29 | really starting to lay out some seismic . We're doing a lot of |
|
| 51:34 | and that becomes really important. Now you're just doing a shale play and |
|
| 51:39 | have a reservoir in a source, or the one in the same |
|
| 51:45 | you know, one of the keys I've got a tank in the |
|
| 51:48 | I need to drill it and get oil out of it anyway. I |
|
| 51:52 | , and by fracking and drilling Uh, that, of course, |
|
| 51:58 | the surface area of your drainage for well, which improves the effect of |
|
| 52:05 | of that well and ability to produce that in the past would not be |
|
| 52:10 | . And so that's a whole different . But again, trying to figure |
|
| 52:16 | where to go for unconventional or unconventional is is still something that can be |
|
| 52:22 | big bucks. And because it's the bucks. Uh, it tends to |
|
| 52:26 | some of the the more sought after . But I started out in |
|
| 52:33 | geology and then and then work my into expiration. And I realized from |
|
| 52:39 | that route was that in production we essentially did appraisal development in production |
|
| 52:48 | and from having that perspective. When went into expiration, I knew a |
|
| 52:53 | bit more about what the handoff had be from people that were doing frontier |
|
| 52:59 | and exploration to turn, uh, thing that we were trying to discover |
|
| 53:04 | that we might have discovered and turn into an extremely valuable asset and s |
|
| 53:11 | again, it's looking at these different from different steps in the process that |
|
| 53:17 | help us make links between the steps make those transitions more effective. Because |
|
| 53:23 | lot of times when people did frontier and they still do, I'm sure |
|
| 53:29 | they came up with these wild We're gonna find two billion barrels |
|
| 53:33 | We're gonna find three billions there we Ah, we ended up with a |
|
| 53:37 | factor of success, a PS say, 25 20%. But I |
|
| 53:42 | so big we got to drill it they just passed it on to |
|
| 53:46 | But if you've considered what somebody, in appraisal or or even exploitation or |
|
| 53:54 | would have to do with that frontier handoff, uh, you're gonna be |
|
| 53:59 | completely different questions, and they're gonna important questions that make that a good |
|
| 54:04 | a profitable handoff or a big red , and you'll be saying I don't |
|
| 54:09 | this is gonna work, folks. this is why So again, I |
|
| 54:14 | the roles of geologists change from position position. But if we look at |
|
| 54:20 | overall expenditure in terms of people, hired is geologist. By and |
|
| 54:27 | most of the money has been spent frontier and especially technology has been frontier |
|
| 54:35 | in the expiration part of fine and and gas. And now with conventional |
|
| 54:40 | we're putting a lot more into appraisal development and actual production of something that |
|
| 54:47 | we've got in our hands. We what it is. How can I |
|
| 54:51 | it better? And I think that's . Why this, uh, approach |
|
| 54:57 | looking at it as a value chain very universal, and it's very applicable |
|
| 55:03 | both unconventional and conventional. Resource is , here's here's one other thing that |
|
| 55:13 | we need thio talk about, and is academic honesty. Again. I'm |
|
| 55:18 | going to read this, but I everybody to read this, um, |
|
| 55:24 | , uh, personally, you I never ever would have thought of |
|
| 55:28 | because when I would take a my idea was always to How can |
|
| 55:36 | learn enough, uh, to make be this Professor, How can I |
|
| 55:41 | out this well enough that I could teach it like the professor. And |
|
| 55:46 | you kind of go in with that , the idea of trying to figure |
|
| 55:51 | the shortcuts and and how to cheat way out of it just kind of |
|
| 55:56 | on DSO I normally think of And it's in graduate school, really |
|
| 56:02 | to figure out what all of this for and what it means and how |
|
| 56:05 | I use it? And of most of you work now, and |
|
| 56:10 | of you, you know, have toe learn this and reasons toe want |
|
| 56:14 | learn this. And, uh, of you will see direct impact at |
|
| 56:20 | job. The, uh sometimes the after you've been in a class in |
|
| 56:27 | of these classes. So, I don't think that's a real issue |
|
| 56:31 | , but But from an academic we kind of have toe tell people |
|
| 56:36 | because of somebody actually cheats. And seems really odd to me. And |
|
| 56:41 | may seem odd to you if somebody is caught cheating The first thing someone |
|
| 56:48 | the administration is going to ask me or any teacher. Ah, did |
|
| 56:55 | tell them they couldn't cheat? And I won't use that word on my |
|
| 57:01 | . But I just want you to that, you know, consider academic |
|
| 57:07 | and just being this course to make a better person. Uh, and |
|
| 57:14 | that's what this is all about, be a better geologist and a better |
|
| 57:19 | . And, uh and I have point this out. Helping someone commit |
|
| 57:23 | dishonesty is in itself also academic In other words, if you know |
|
| 57:30 | about what's going to be on a like if you took the test ahead |
|
| 57:33 | time and you tell somebody else uh then you're just a guilty and s |
|
| 57:40 | I just have to put that out . Uh, I will tell |
|
| 57:42 | when I was teaching in petroleum teaching reservoir characterizations, we had to |
|
| 57:50 | , uh, that actually did And, uh, and the person |
|
| 57:56 | was cheap. Well, one person and the other person benefited, and |
|
| 58:01 | both got punished for it. And was really the worst thing about this |
|
| 58:06 | of thing is that when? When gets caught, Uh, even the |
|
| 58:10 | feels bad about it. You may know that he may be upset, |
|
| 58:14 | he actually feels bad about it, it's not a good thing. So |
|
| 58:18 | try to avoid this, and I want to say anymore. I think |
|
| 58:21 | already said too much. Okay, now we're going to go toe lecture |
|
| 58:25 | and it's It's only been about an here, but I think it might |
|
| 58:31 | a good time to pause. If can figure out how to pause this |
|
| 58:38 | I can pause share now I gotta shut. Is everybody is still |
|
| 58:54 | Uh huh. Yes, yes. me get back here. I'm going |
|
| 59:06 | stop sharing because I'm not seeing my control. Okay, so now I'm |
|
| 59:20 | pause the |
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