| 00:00 | Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Testing. Uh All right. Hello |
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| 00:41 | . He's looking at this one. All right. Very. Wow. |
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| 00:53 | that trip. But I have to that. I like um All |
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| 01:04 | So, uh I, I just that uh yesterday it was the last |
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| 01:10 | at a class. So I guess you just squeezed in uh yesterday, |
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| 01:15 | this applies to you. So, did anybody add at midnight last |
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| 01:22 | No. Ok. Anyway, if out there, uh you'll have access |
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| 01:26 | the material, everything in this course on canvas. So, um just |
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| 01:32 | patient and you'll have access. Um . Uh clickers. So remember uh |
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| 01:41 | what you're seeing on canvas and hopefully you are using a, um then |
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| 01:53 | that you've seen the OK. It's for that purpose and I'll do it |
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| 01:59 | today or tomorrow, I'll upload and only, only for the purposes of |
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| 02:08 | reassuring yourself that you're using your credit to see your content. So that's |
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| 02:12 | only purpose. Uh in fact, last uh birth uh birthday, those |
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| 02:22 | will be uploaded and that's for real everything up to that point would be |
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| 02:28 | they call, they're seeing how they're go away. Um Just put some |
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| 02:35 | . OK. So, um also to ignore the prompt. So you |
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| 02:41 | gonna put in uh this number here channel 41. That's, is, |
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| 02:48 | anybody here using the old to pas ? No. OK. All |
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| 02:57 | Uh That's what channel 41 is for old. Nobody is. So don't |
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| 03:02 | about it. So you may even a prompted already. Ignore, ignore |
|
| 03:08 | . Yeah. Um This applies more the other class than this one. |
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| 03:18 | If you see, you may I don't know, haven't thought it |
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| 03:23 | , but if you're looking at the , right? And you see, |
|
| 03:31 | , here are some questions that are in the book. I mean, |
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| 03:34 | good. You don't need to do type of score, right? You |
|
| 03:40 | remember the, the digital stuff, can quizzes uh rooms and exams. |
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| 03:50 | it. Ok. Um Isn't Oh, it wasn't to me. |
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| 03:59 | . Sorry. All right. It's o'clock. I got my caffeine. |
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| 04:04 | . Ok. Right. Drinking coffee 100 and 10 degree heat. That's |
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| 04:11 | crazy. Ok. Um So I'm finish that today and then uh |
|
| 04:21 | so basically after today it's like the workings of this cell, how meta |
|
| 04:30 | grow that pretty much you want. . So um you get uh so |
|
| 04:36 | things coming up so Friday and this be on a more or less weekly |
|
| 04:42 | , there'll be a couple of weeks there won't be a quiz. |
|
| 04:46 | uh, for the most Mondays or through Mondays starting this Friday, there |
|
| 04:50 | be a quiz. Our canvas, , again is, you know, |
|
| 04:55 | 5 to 10 questions. Uh The the, I'll mention those when they |
|
| 05:01 | coming up. So, in the chapter one, just do Monday. |
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| 05:06 | . So that's it. And of I'll send out the, sent an |
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| 05:11 | yesterday. I'll send out another one Thursday or Friday. So just to |
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| 05:15 | uh keep, let me know what's up, what's going on. Um |
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| 05:21 | there uh any questions in particular, from the gallery upstairs or have to |
|
| 05:30 | up there one there? So um that works. It goes uh if |
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| 05:39 | look at and you have a hand I don't see it, which is |
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| 05:42 | possible. Uh Also feel free to free to shout. Oh, it's |
|
| 05:49 | too bad here. It kind of feels kind of close. So if |
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| 05:55 | if the microphone is out, just , hey, moron, can't hear |
|
| 06:00 | . You got moron but can't hear . Um I've got spare batteries. |
|
| 06:05 | this makes the microphone. I I lots of spare batteries. So I |
|
| 06:09 | , you know, idea where it . So let me know, but |
|
| 06:11 | think I went here. Uh so what we're gonna do to start |
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| 06:16 | with this is typical for each time ready here. We'll do some further |
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| 06:22 | , um, of the previous right material and, uh, pass through |
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| 06:36 | , um, and if you have questions, obviously, uh, so |
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| 06:41 | will always start out with one of , which is really the stuff we |
|
| 06:45 | about last time. Ok. So go here and look at this |
|
| 06:50 | Yeah. So, uh, all things we talked about last time. |
|
| 06:57 | see how we do it here. . Ok. I pause it for |
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| 07:41 | couple of seconds there at nine. . Yeah. Yeah. One of |
|
| 08:14 | , it's either you, you have subscription but it expired and you need |
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| 08:18 | renew. It could be. And you look for that. You |
|
| 08:25 | , if it's, you'll see a check mark in your account if |
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| 08:29 | if it's you what? All they do. But you still have |
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| 08:37 | go get the sub a subscription thingy bookstore. Yeah. Ok. If |
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| 08:44 | register it, it should be So you still got another day to |
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| 08:48 | this out. All right, we're move ahead. Ok. Oh |
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| 09:02 | it's y one of the majority That is correct. Um So we'll |
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| 09:13 | cover all these points here. All . So we talked about so |
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| 09:20 | real brief. All right. So we started last time with really uh |
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| 09:25 | need to find a micro micro represent the group, the micro, |
|
| 09:30 | So um obvious things, right? They say, right? They can |
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| 09:36 | take energy, they can um be , right? They can survive on |
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| 09:41 | own out of the environment. They they have very different arrangements uh that |
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| 09:48 | to sell but they um uh to exception of these viruses are not |
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| 09:56 | but we still considered micro, you be familiar with size ranges. So |
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| 10:02 | one nanometers, tiny, super tiny , one that had microns like size |
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| 10:10 | that eter size. Um the right? So we have ac types |
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| 10:17 | , viro S you eat there, talk about these guys collectively and units |
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| 10:25 | . Uh I just remember that, know, they are host, |
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| 10:28 | There are two groups um C right? So representative micro types that |
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| 10:35 | um I um the we often call group and uh profiles uh living on |
|
| 10:48 | of the extremes of physical conditions like profiles of high temp or is |
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| 10:58 | is it kind of in, in , Texas? Um uh for the |
|
| 11:04 | ? So you see uh see they greenhouse cat out of the we related |
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| 11:11 | houses, right? Um Although our in their stomach, so yeah, |
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| 11:19 | we have viruses or a cell. they kind of have that the gray |
|
| 11:25 | . Is it immediate box? Since virus is one of those they uh |
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| 11:31 | they are alive, quote um inside , the whole set that's outside and |
|
| 11:43 | . It's not one I would argue in suspended hand dorm, right? |
|
| 11:52 | virus can remain viable, infectious. It, it can be for a |
|
| 11:59 | hours in a week or more. . Ok. Yes. Um So |
|
| 12:10 | have, you got, uh if , I'm sure, you know, |
|
| 12:15 | could write off the number of features the stuff you learn, you |
|
| 12:18 | play apple kind of basic is, ? Uh Probably the most Hallmark characteristic |
|
| 12:27 | pro so, uh we, so should be kind of basics of |
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| 12:36 | Uh We'll get more into that. next time if you want to chapter |
|
| 12:41 | , um and so remember again, to the gray areas, right? |
|
| 12:46 | fits unnecessary. So, uh super cells. So, you know, |
|
| 12:54 | micro bacteria that can have um very sizes, usually other things when it's |
|
| 13:01 | when it fills itself up to the , the micro is so big if |
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| 13:07 | any guy um if the gas or or something to take a piece of |
|
| 13:12 | , um you have those, those here, ok. Uh You, |
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| 13:19 | have a collection of microbes that are by themselves, but they growing right |
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| 13:30 | buildings of cells um or aggregating together ourselves, you know, at that |
|
| 13:35 | , then the single cell all closely become visible. Oh, that |
|
| 13:44 | that's not my point. It's made of, but the thing is not |
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| 13:48 | thing. And of course, the panels, multi panels, that's what |
|
| 13:52 | are not tissues are. So you're yourself, you're very self et |
|
| 13:59 | Yes, you might as well see . But you know, all those |
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| 14:03 | , they can't, they're part of more organized market entity like the tissue |
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| 14:10 | , and the cells roll out in environment and compete with a bacteria. |
|
| 14:16 | happen? It's not built that Your, your, your cells are |
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| 14:21 | to live in a very specific very much cared for baby if you |
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| 14:27 | . OK. Uh Not the harsh that many times microbes in nature are |
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| 14:32 | to. OK. So um let's . All right, any questions about |
|
| 14:40 | stuff here? OK. Right. All right. So then we kind |
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| 14:46 | end a spontaneous generation at that but before that, it was a |
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| 14:49 | bit about a taxonomy. So the thing I remember here is that um |
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| 14:54 | wise, it's it's largely driven by how he root micros throughout history chains |
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| 15:03 | . And the biggest driver, most uh was like the advancements in the |
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| 15:12 | of the microscope, right? Got , got better, better resolutions from |
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| 15:20 | image, more case. So um but then of course, if we |
|
| 15:27 | using this summer of timeline, way back to modern times that of |
|
| 15:34 | , we use, we use uh these other things as well but with |
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| 15:40 | different metabolic capabilities, this this guy glucose, this one can OK. |
|
| 15:47 | DNA, the DNA, right? that specific molecule we seen as R |
|
| 15:54 | but that us to the domains, five domains, right? The largest |
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| 16:01 | no domains, all mice gets into of these. OK? And then |
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| 16:09 | only that of course is what you've of before. OK. So you |
|
| 16:17 | in in nutshell terms of microbes, , um microbes are taken out of |
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| 16:23 | and put into bone era which really you out for out didn't plant planting |
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| 16:34 | a while. OK. When then basically bacteria, the bacteria is split |
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| 16:44 | two types a bacteria and then uh zone in their own group values to |
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| 16:54 | so um and not all of most of them are, but there |
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| 16:59 | types of these doctors. OK? then finally we closed off, we |
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| 17:06 | uh finished that our generation. So um topic, right is always a |
|
| 17:15 | of the beginning of micro articles, ? And it's um uh if you |
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| 17:23 | it your last time in this experiment , right? That um one you |
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| 17:30 | put yourself in a shoe started in 16 hundreds and see various biological phenomenon |
|
| 17:38 | go what is this, you know how did this come out? |
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| 17:42 | So that's why you get all these of crazy ideas like five hovering around |
|
| 17:49 | . You have uh five people of , right? Somehow the organic performance |
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| 17:54 | meat and air coming to, And say I know pretty easy not |
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| 17:59 | destroy. Remember these people that believe , that air must be hard, |
|
| 18:06 | ? So well, you can't put pork in, let's air out. |
|
| 18:11 | . Put, put cheese sauce, , bring it in air this in |
|
| 18:14 | stone. No, are right. if life is what we get not |
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| 18:22 | . Right. So, flies with , and we love the, |
|
| 18:28 | uh, I thought they came to . That would work. You can't |
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| 18:34 | see them, in fact. like 1500. Right. Um, |
|
| 18:39 | could see a, is kind of , and beef broth and very |
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| 18:48 | all kinds of. Yeah. Right. Um, both. And |
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| 18:53 | if, you know, if you get there, even that open, |
|
| 18:59 | , the, we know in this and age that we do that it's |
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| 19:02 | be contaminated, right? Of they, this to spontaneous generation, |
|
| 19:09 | know that you got it. So, to disprove that he lost |
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| 19:20 | that, ah, what danger? , not danger. But what's the |
|
| 19:25 | ? Well, not letting air All right, air can't get |
|
| 19:31 | can't lose. You do. this wasn't, this is this, |
|
| 19:43 | ? So, the reason this is brought out the context about politics is |
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| 19:47 | the best thing we see that you also because they're everywhere. Wow. |
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| 20:01 | lab already, once you get through every day, you know, |
|
| 20:05 | that first experiment of the place, ? With the fingerprints on. |
|
| 20:09 | So, with the cell phone, know, use a cell phone or |
|
| 20:14 | what you see, we can um, all kinds of brought air |
|
| 20:22 | , but at some point in the ice cream because it's around |
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| 20:29 | hair right skin. So it's what what prompted one of the things that |
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| 20:39 | they need to learn that we set , they need to do manipulations, |
|
| 20:45 | because they are all. So um right, the brief. So this |
|
| 20:58 | looking back at that, this is OK. This type of question I'll |
|
| 21:03 | out there once I called before and . OK. Um So you're gonna |
|
| 21:09 | the same question in a few in about 20 minutes or 30 |
|
| 21:13 | you see the same question again. it's gonna introduce some stuff that we're |
|
| 21:17 | talk about now and four today. so we'll see the question again and |
|
| 21:25 | we'll see. Well, maybe you your answer the second time around. |
|
| 21:29 | right. So we'll see. Take shot at it here and open that |
|
| 21:37 | the picture, the results compared to we get. Mhm Nice. |
|
| 22:25 | Mhm All right. Let me pause for a couple of seconds. |
|
| 22:40 | Let me go ahead and proceed. like your head counts around 200 |
|
| 22:52 | The stragglers jump in. There we . OK. Let's see. Oh |
|
| 22:58 | says. E OK. See, right. Not yet though. |
|
| 23:09 | So, and all the right answer this question. Just eyes open, |
|
| 23:17 | open, you're gonna hear the right as we go through. Yeah. |
|
| 23:21 | right. All right. We did about this as well. This is |
|
| 23:24 | is actually where we, so we about the pastures pasture data, |
|
| 23:32 | So the point here of this this theory of fermentation we talked about last |
|
| 23:39 | . So this will work because he's first to establish that um microbes are |
|
| 23:47 | cat here for the chemical transformation. . Didn't know that before, |
|
| 23:54 | You got these kind of chem wine to a chemical process. Why he |
|
| 24:00 | involved at all? Right? Of , even with the, he saw |
|
| 24:04 | growth, more growth of these more production of in the wine. |
|
| 24:11 | . So the microbial catalyst uh these course, this time is for long |
|
| 24:17 | source. Now, beer manufacturers, manufacturers, they have their own yeast |
|
| 24:26 | very, very specific the production of various rocks you. So uh so |
|
| 24:33 | kind of wrap this up is this is what's happening in this fermentation |
|
| 24:40 | is um is chemical reactions uh biological without the without the presence of |
|
| 24:48 | there is that required for that permutation goes on your gut, you know |
|
| 24:55 | . OK. Uh by the Um So uh so this conversion organic |
|
| 25:01 | my micro right here uh the slot also may be. So what I |
|
| 25:09 | that pass through a room of of is what led to disease micro, |
|
| 25:18 | ? No, not saying that because was what it did was like an |
|
| 25:24 | . Maybe that because human bodies are beans. This is not that microbes |
|
| 25:34 | be the, the, the organic in the bodies is what is a |
|
| 25:41 | that they, the only, the they produced an idea, maybe a |
|
| 25:45 | there. And it was a, , kind of a, an |
|
| 25:52 | It was coke later on. This is kind of very, |
|
| 26:02 | that, that might be the OK. Um All right. So |
|
| 26:08 | thing in here with the actual experience has really just remember, it's not |
|
| 26:17 | here, the president um I don't if the doesn't work, right? |
|
| 26:21 | spontaneous generation, Michael said, I'm gonna believe the result. Uh So |
|
| 26:29 | of really statistic. You, you fine, he just altered the |
|
| 26:36 | of the flask. So it's open hair. So satisfy that, |
|
| 26:41 | sir. But it just shifted the that maybe like a group, group |
|
| 26:47 | ne, right? So this is one now we're exposed to air but |
|
| 26:58 | their contaminants. Uh pluck into a contaminate because they're traveling on the particles |
|
| 27:07 | with all the. So if you trap them in this curve shape, |
|
| 27:12 | two, they'll, they'll be trap here and supposedly uh very close. |
|
| 27:22 | uh There are still the plan for is still, you know, you |
|
| 27:27 | , but they, they claim that are still flask that are still it |
|
| 27:33 | , you know. So just showing how, how you make that |
|
| 27:36 | how you use it. So um unless you either move it right, |
|
| 27:42 | this material in the bank or you cut off. Um you know, |
|
| 27:51 | you didn't do that and say so was obviously the micro. And |
|
| 27:59 | as I said earlier, uh uh to this, that he showed not |
|
| 28:07 | the air in everyone, right? led to the whole thing about a |
|
| 28:15 | and then development of we, right? And so and so here |
|
| 28:21 | become the code, right? So is where we're gonna establish microbe and |
|
| 28:29 | , that that connection. OK. so he, so this is the |
|
| 28:35 | diseases he figured this out with really of luck in a way. Um |
|
| 28:43 | didn't come across any kind of disease would provide you a virus that would |
|
| 28:48 | figure that out, right? A really have a virus that B did |
|
| 28:54 | them, right? You can't, are really complicated things, right? |
|
| 29:02 | um you also, you also have pick strengths that are disease. In |
|
| 29:07 | , there were this kind of things this time that were very much uh |
|
| 29:13 | . So anthrax uh during this time um wiping out a lot, |
|
| 29:18 | lot of livestock even out in the . So you could see every |
|
| 29:22 | you know, the people that have cattle and not how cattle was sit |
|
| 29:26 | an and so uh February loss during , very common. So this is |
|
| 29:32 | he had to work with so that could, you could, the sandwich |
|
| 29:37 | these cook. We now know that the black this time, know that |
|
| 29:45 | are, uh that's what we stay me. And I anyway, |
|
| 29:52 | uh address actually very easy on the of established positive effect. Uh head |
|
| 30:02 | anthrax sent their blood or a microscope he saw the uh the cells in |
|
| 30:08 | blood, right? The suits, didn't see that healthy pattern. So |
|
| 30:14 | pretty obvious, right? Um Very . If you do, you've got |
|
| 30:24 | and you have all the of disease and so the term ideology means and |
|
| 30:34 | that kind of established the the the beginnings of the germy of |
|
| 30:39 | And so it got, it got difficult with tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a |
|
| 30:46 | illness, a chronic respiratory illness. get into your lungs. Uh |
|
| 30:51 | you can do in the cells in lungs, uh inflammation uh seriously and |
|
| 30:58 | on the rise of in in the . Well, um anyway, so |
|
| 31:06 | this one now required to developing some . It's kind of stuff you la |
|
| 31:13 | including bake culture, right? So basically work with, you can believe |
|
| 31:19 | with a potato slice with a baked , use it I that is analysis |
|
| 31:31 | , right? So he advanced a bit with this other guy who invented |
|
| 31:35 | come up with the uh uh so that was big. So the |
|
| 31:42 | you had you got more difficult is and show kind of pain uh |
|
| 31:50 | was found they didn't want to get um samples from a patient to |
|
| 31:55 | uh uh uh what's called a feed was kind of fluid. They cough |
|
| 32:00 | and then you have to look at , and you see your cells were |
|
| 32:05 | small, of course, the other well being impact. And so then |
|
| 32:12 | see what actually, right, They a way to um manipulate this. |
|
| 32:21 | how is that gonna happen? they were, we were well |
|
| 32:25 | That's where it was literally we we the appearance, you know, media |
|
| 32:32 | see, right? So that's that , that was a right now we |
|
| 32:41 | to have something really visualized. And yeah, you can see you get |
|
| 32:46 | sale of this that it would, ? And you can see maybe rod |
|
| 32:51 | cells, tons of them, maybe some oxide, what have you right |
|
| 32:56 | be in there. But what are gonna do with that? You can't |
|
| 33:02 | anything that you can, you can we can't believe you don't have a |
|
| 33:07 | of microbes. We used to go type one and let's see this |
|
| 33:11 | you're to do this. Mhm So these will grow and it formed a |
|
| 33:22 | and not always the case where two species will form widely different colonies. |
|
| 33:28 | it can be very similar, but can typically see even the sub differences |
|
| 33:33 | is pretty obvious you can be a tier colony and you know, more |
|
| 33:36 | variable. But the point is you now do something with that, |
|
| 33:42 | I can take some of that material uh type one, type two |
|
| 33:48 | And now I've got a pure culture nothing but this one species. And |
|
| 33:53 | now you can then OK, let see if I put this in an |
|
| 33:56 | with like uh disease or whatever. . And so that, that's the |
|
| 34:01 | to do it. So you can't this with liquid. So liquid media |
|
| 34:08 | be the part of the process to deeper culture. But in the |
|
| 34:13 | you gotta have so I need to it. OK? And so the |
|
| 34:17 | of this, so this period here was like 18, 17 or |
|
| 34:23 | And so from this point on explode my because how in that way there's |
|
| 34:32 | lot of stuff. And so it went to all with earth and |
|
| 34:37 | in um um uh any kind of of microbiology where you can have various |
|
| 34:48 | whatever that would really be, take for granted today. But uh |
|
| 34:56 | it's huge. OK, at the . So OK. All right. |
|
| 35:02 | we find out and so we don't into Harry M that's a coach, |
|
| 35:11 | ? The framework for how we, we now establish micro is this micro |
|
| 35:19 | disease, right? So the disease use that framework um we talk about |
|
| 35:26 | in chapter, it's still gonna be detail on it at that point, |
|
| 35:36 | ? Um The um but what you is uh that framework is from |
|
| 35:47 | but we've got 100 plus years of , obviously, that will reach the |
|
| 35:54 | parts to the, to the And on each part, you can |
|
| 35:59 | of that, it's like, here is part one, but we |
|
| 36:03 | the dog we have now because I see to go, OK, it |
|
| 36:08 | sound like one says we know that may be a variation. So each |
|
| 36:13 | , we kind of have some part it may not be exactly the system |
|
| 36:19 | about how you can do the variations so on. Uh one example, |
|
| 36:26 | throw out is Coke thought that only that are sick with the infectious disease |
|
| 36:36 | have the microbe would have the We now know that's not true. |
|
| 36:42 | how do we know that what what the, what's the, |
|
| 36:45 | what we call it, the people have the infect or, but don't |
|
| 36:49 | disease, ac r pneumatic code or therapies. And so, so we |
|
| 37:00 | , you know, many of our . These are um uh men um |
|
| 37:15 | , um A number of other uh diseases are due to people that are |
|
| 37:23 | that microbe but are not sick. carry that off the source for an |
|
| 37:27 | of earth. Um So, and , so that's what I mean, |
|
| 37:32 | , we, we now know certain that he didn't know that we can |
|
| 37:35 | of put in place if we're doing kinds of work. Yeah. So |
|
| 37:40 | we know if we establish that there certain microbes that can cause disease. |
|
| 37:45 | , how do we get rid of ? That's a natural thing, |
|
| 37:47 | How do we eradicate disease? that's where, um, drugs on |
|
| 37:53 | , uh antiseptics, disinfectants, uh , that's where this all comes in |
|
| 37:59 | trying to get rid of unwanted. , um the um uh so |
|
| 38:10 | for a perspective, um it is like like by accident, like |
|
| 38:17 | smallpox uh produces these uh particle that , um the parts themselves contain the |
|
| 38:29 | , the viral disease. And I , you know, I can take |
|
| 38:33 | of that stuff out of somebody's I was and they, they were |
|
| 38:42 | see they didn't come down with my they did, they die. |
|
| 38:49 | Um You know, they died of , right? So, um that |
|
| 38:54 | obviously, you know, one of main goals in, in, in |
|
| 38:59 | the treating diseases to the patient, , right? So that's what it |
|
| 39:06 | vaccines. Uh it needs to um inactivate the actual fact, so that |
|
| 39:16 | still produces the fox and it doesn't them. And so, all |
|
| 39:29 | instead of smallpox um very similar. , ok. Um but uh so |
|
| 39:38 | , so I'm sure you know this , but the whole base is, |
|
| 39:47 | , uh, the body's response to little things that are of the |
|
| 39:57 | uh, viruses, uh, never will focus heavily on those two. |
|
| 40:02 | things like prosol are disease company, , especially in the here, |
|
| 40:11 | from the zone, fun cause So whatever case it, what's on |
|
| 40:16 | periphery of the zone, right? , what's out here? Because that's |
|
| 40:21 | your immune system you see, see on the inside, you see from |
|
| 40:26 | outside, what's on the outside. envelope with a viral covering, just |
|
| 40:35 | out uh of gentle flopping around off cell you can look on and you |
|
| 40:41 | , contains both the A word, ? So that's what your immune system |
|
| 40:51 | looking for, right? And so they see an, then they can |
|
| 40:57 | the response to there's many responses, one of them is an you watching |
|
| 41:04 | . So anti is a form of to the anti. OK. And |
|
| 41:09 | recognize it then sort of self using , right? By their actions and |
|
| 41:19 | . Second half, of course. . So, um uh let's |
|
| 41:26 | OK. So back to the, think, um, so we have |
|
| 41:33 | very similar and so basically the small are very similar and so they |
|
| 41:43 | they both it's called cross reaction cross analog similar that you form antibodies |
|
| 41:53 | but it will be effective against it makes it very safe because so |
|
| 42:02 | , so that's what it the same for, to create um safe |
|
| 42:07 | Basically different ways. There's, we'll about vaccines as well. Later |
|
| 42:11 | there's lots of different ways to make vaccine. Ok. Um, let's |
|
| 42:17 | . Uh OK. In question. you what pasture of, oh, |
|
| 42:28 | . He just, uh he was of the first he worked with like |
|
| 42:31 | . He would take, um, really team that uh the next team |
|
| 42:35 | take the animal model was to grab . They had and actually took the |
|
| 42:41 | cord out of it. I have drive. And um that's uh and |
|
| 42:47 | , and so the virus is the virus affects the spinal cord prevention |
|
| 42:55 | but, and that, and that actually inactivated the virus. So you |
|
| 43:01 | take, take part of the spinal and take the flu and that would |
|
| 43:05 | the virus that is now inactivated because process so we can effectively in treating |
|
| 43:13 | . But it, it just, , he was one of the first |
|
| 43:15 | to kind of look at this. was a capacity. Um uh Let's |
|
| 43:26 | . So, all right. So the question I asked this question because |
|
| 43:31 | what can be. OK. So that actually available. Let's see. |
|
| 43:38 | this is about terminology and using OK. So, and we've all |
|
| 43:46 | this done, we've gone to the gotten a shot and get a little |
|
| 43:50 | AURP alcohol on the arm. And , um because what's happening is the |
|
| 43:56 | sterilized my arm before I received the , nurse disinfected my arm before I |
|
| 44:01 | the vaccination or is it something else A and B making them both |
|
| 44:12 | Are, are A and B You can use both of those correctly |
|
| 44:18 | be correct. I should say. . Um So of course it, |
|
| 44:25 | get to remember what sterilization disinfection There's also a third term hint, |
|
| 44:32 | . OK. And by sterilizing don't cannot have Children or meets the other |
|
| 44:38 | . OK. All right. Let's down from 12. Mm. |
|
| 45:18 | Here we go. OK. Uh answered c uh why do you answer |
|
| 45:32 | uh live there? What is the ? Right? Antisepsis. So, |
|
| 45:37 | so if I sterilize it, the sterilize my arm. If I got |
|
| 45:40 | vaccination, I do not have an me a lot of things. Um |
|
| 45:50 | of. So means I sterilized this phone. OK. Um uh There |
|
| 46:02 | the little cell virus score on the life of any kind virus. |
|
| 46:14 | Um Not, not a lot of to sterilize. I don't think |
|
| 46:20 | That's very certain, very harsh chemicals . Um This infection is section reserved |
|
| 46:32 | or whatever, Sophie, that's not limitation that antics work on skiing, |
|
| 46:46 | ? You know, you got to a certain procedure and they the yellow |
|
| 46:51 | up on the river. That's, is, this is an OK. |
|
| 46:56 | And general speaking, uh with the this is for that reason, disinfectants |
|
| 47:02 | typically more concentrated, more harsh if will. OK, because we're not |
|
| 47:07 | on skin. Um OK. So I said, other things besides |
|
| 47:16 | of course, obviously, anesthetic in fact, as we talked about |
|
| 47:20 | and Lister really just uh Lister was of the um to disinfect things like |
|
| 47:27 | instruments and things like that, Uh obviously, but him and I |
|
| 47:33 | about uh using hand wash to reduce of disease. Se I worked in |
|
| 47:39 | um a doctor that was looking at the high rate of what's called childbed |
|
| 47:46 | in his heart. Um um As come to birth count would be |
|
| 47:56 | how we would make a chocolate and great mortality to do connected to a |
|
| 48:05 | in a hospital where midwives were charged the ones that kind of hand the |
|
| 48:12 | in Washington and whatnot compared to the war, the German war that were |
|
| 48:19 | of uh manned by uh young young or young doctors that were kind of |
|
| 48:26 | their internship. So they started, would come out of uh I say |
|
| 48:30 | cadaver class where you cab bones. they need to be covered like guts |
|
| 48:37 | they go, right? Not So I saw it, you |
|
| 48:43 | big differences in terms of the So he said, hey, I |
|
| 48:47 | wash your hands and it's, this the drop so that brought around and |
|
| 48:53 | us. So um uh antibiotics. of course, that would be |
|
| 49:00 | I mean, had a huge impact uh on saving life. So there |
|
| 49:05 | see the penicillin mold on the plate flooding just hurt by accident that he |
|
| 49:12 | this. And I just drew a circle just to show the plate where |
|
| 49:18 | bacteria reed on. But the pen , you hear about it, the |
|
| 49:25 | from where it's growing out into this and then it grows stocks and which |
|
| 49:30 | line is that? So he, years something that grow. Then there |
|
| 49:36 | go, obviously, of course, you know the targets, right? |
|
| 49:42 | , don't worry about these two here see we'll talk about this later. |
|
| 49:48 | um these are so antibiotics have specific , OK? Targets in and on |
|
| 49:55 | cell. A lot of them Uh so, so this is like |
|
| 50:01 | others affect uh like put the synthesis or the air application. Um And |
|
| 50:08 | I say that they're quite different molecules so, you know, processes so |
|
| 50:13 | can kind of stable targets and, of course, we're all well aware |
|
| 50:20 | a very negative that they can act , right? So they can have |
|
| 50:27 | molecule that may be just completely um inaccurate, just you can destroy it |
|
| 50:34 | pumps it out or on a or is allowed to commit. So it's |
|
| 50:42 | uh and it can be maybe multi . So it's uh it's basically back |
|
| 50:48 | and forth, they evolve. We to call it something new. |
|
| 50:52 | Whether it's, um, completely new , either natural hand or taking an |
|
| 50:59 | hand and kind of it molecule wise changing it up, you know. |
|
| 51:05 | it's, it's, uh, constantly to stay hit. Ok. But |
|
| 51:09 | I said, we'll focus on this little bit later in the semester as |
|
| 51:13 | . Ok. So now, let's, uh, a little bit |
|
| 51:20 | , um, the table. So this will come back again in |
|
| 51:30 | five. OK. Five and And a little scary you uh I |
|
| 51:41 | to uh maybe uh power to review and we see how the chemical structure |
|
| 51:48 | an organic country run to the doors um but uh it is super important |
|
| 51:56 | it's because through the races, Right. Obviously, self dividing and |
|
| 52:05 | , eating pain, control more But uh you won't be able to |
|
| 52:09 | any of these things, the size proteins by the cell copy chromosome, |
|
| 52:15 | ? Without energy to do them, ? So it's, that's why the |
|
| 52:21 | is probably one of the main main the first. OK. And so |
|
| 52:28 | , we get with the in microbes this point was them growing on beef |
|
| 52:37 | or these kind of very rich, know, think of what we think |
|
| 52:42 | like, but as a liquid, can grow bacteria pretty rich and things |
|
| 52:49 | that. The protein is. And now something that grows on some really |
|
| 53:00 | things. OK? And so this , I kind of split up into |
|
| 53:04 | because I wanted to show something OK. So what he did was |
|
| 53:09 | in like these wetland environments, terrestrial and he would have like say |
|
| 53:18 | OK. Uh Oh Pretty good to the three dimensional drawing. OK. |
|
| 53:27 | , so here's like soil, right sample. And he would put it |
|
| 53:32 | this chamber. OK? And I have some H two in here or |
|
| 53:39 | some NH four A gas N ammonium . So something like this. |
|
| 53:47 | And he noticed that these would be . OK. And you think |
|
| 53:55 | what's that about? Right? This like is this is strictly just some |
|
| 53:58 | of non biological process going on And he discovered when he was basically |
|
| 54:05 | the soil, um chemically inactivated, it out there or something, kill |
|
| 54:11 | in there that then you repeat you wouldn't get this uptake of |
|
| 54:19 | I thought OK. This is something in there that's really using these molecules |
|
| 54:25 | a source for growth. Wow, that? Because it's been tough like |
|
| 54:33 | example, proteins, right? Uh , carb uh fats, right? |
|
| 54:43 | are all complex organic materials. It you like. So we must |
|
| 54:50 | we can't eat emotion, I can S they can't use organs from little |
|
| 55:00 | the skin, right? And so use things like um uh H two |
|
| 55:08 | for example up that's not h um called ammonium. So ammonium. |
|
| 55:16 | And they convert that to something like ma OK? And this is what |
|
| 55:24 | call an oxidation getting electrons from It's what you do, but you |
|
| 55:30 | use ammonium. You use, I know. What do you eat for |
|
| 55:33 | today? Yeah. Lamb. All . Lamb is your source of |
|
| 55:40 | right? You oxidize lamb. Just put lamb there. OK? |
|
| 55:44 | a complex organic material, right? fits in that has all these |
|
| 55:51 | But something a little the uses OK? And then ultimately, it |
|
| 55:57 | use 02 on this end, Uh to water, right? So |
|
| 56:02 | are going to hear, OK. don't worry so much about it |
|
| 56:05 | but you'll be inundated with this and you, so this is how it |
|
| 56:11 | this energy, right? This is gonna be coupled to a process that |
|
| 56:14 | a TPS, right? Won't get the details here. So you can |
|
| 56:17 | lots of a TPS, right? you're a little trove, a TPS |
|
| 56:22 | where is the energy? That's what use to have your own type. |
|
| 56:26 | that's what you use by a cell DNA to synthesize protein and can do |
|
| 56:36 | using this kind of process. So there's one key thing missing and |
|
| 56:42 | what this question is about. So here is a, so we'll |
|
| 56:50 | about this in chapter six, I . OK. But as you know |
|
| 56:55 | is like your own cells, you apply basic elements to make your |
|
| 57:01 | right? So for right, we're use H two S right? Organic |
|
| 57:09 | . Provide maybe zero, provide give the right temperature, maybe some |
|
| 57:14 | vitamins or something. OK. And the question then is is there something |
|
| 57:23 | think of the during and OK, with the left here, there's something |
|
| 57:43 | , there was boy he grabbed. are you right? OK. So |
|
| 58:01 | this is the point of that is that basically breaks down, you |
|
| 58:07 | walk all the mice I think in two groups. OK? Is what |
|
| 58:17 | the type of carbon they use? . Not so much for chapter one |
|
| 58:28 | for what's coming up cho NPS. . Those are the primary elements that |
|
| 58:36 | gotta take in to make those of 90 96% right? There's there's other |
|
| 58:44 | that carbon salt, right? So is gonna have the biggest influence |
|
| 58:55 | This because your molecules are basically like , right? These are chemical |
|
| 59:06 | right? So your your molecules have framework right? Then you add different |
|
| 59:12 | to it. You add phosphorus to DNA, you add nitrogen into egg |
|
| 59:20 | . So if you add some other to this, but this is the |
|
| 59:23 | core framework for all products, you to supply it. It was part |
|
| 59:29 | that. You end up taking part that these things. So you complex |
|
| 59:35 | , right. You eat things like six, age 12 06. What's |
|
| 59:44 | ? Sure. Right. So that carb, you probably eat more carbs |
|
| 59:49 | a carbon source of anything else. you can eat protein. You can |
|
| 59:51 | fat, you can eat, you eat DNA, you can get your |
|
| 59:55 | out. Ok? And you So you gotta supply the seed, |
|
| 60:01 | ? Now, it's not so obvious this medium. So the source for |
|
| 60:07 | guys is actually CO2. OK? CO2 is a carbon versus four that |
|
| 60:22 | your hair. I mean anything with carbon is exactly you organic present it |
|
| 60:33 | an organic. It's not, it's is it's the most simplest form, |
|
| 60:38 | ? You can't do anything with All right, chemically looks like |
|
| 60:46 | OK? It's too stable, you only fix it, right? That's |
|
| 60:52 | did that Co2 and break down its in the hair. Yeah, but |
|
| 61:01 | can take something like age 12 and it down. So what you do |
|
| 61:08 | it down to Co2 at work, what you do. OK? So |
|
| 61:14 | release Co2, OK? These guys it into things like C six H |
|
| 61:27 | of six. OK? Make it . Take small building blocks here two |
|
| 61:32 | make it bigger. OK? And need the other way you see the |
|
| 61:39 | doesn't break, right? So we energy from that, right? The |
|
| 61:44 | you can get from this is So plus energy, right? On |
|
| 61:52 | part, this this process of CO2 does not release energy. Case ending |
|
| 62:04 | they get or energy from with your in that grow from easy materials. |
|
| 62:18 | . Eating that. That's how a at. He used that to fix |
|
| 62:26 | plant technology so that you that the . So this is, this will |
|
| 62:42 | be the last time you heard you'll be sick of it by the |
|
| 62:45 | you get through metabolism. But it's, it's so fundamentally basic. |
|
| 62:50 | one of those things you graduate. just gotta know if you're a science |
|
| 62:53 | , right? You just, you have to know. OK. So |
|
| 62:57 | because, and we can differentiate for month, we do all this like |
|
| 63:03 | , you got photo hetero chemo, , et cetera. I talk about |
|
| 63:07 | later. But the kind of where all comes together is let me get |
|
| 63:12 | out of the way is here. ? Uh Think of a basic ecosystem |
|
| 63:21 | as you see here, right? So you have energy from the |
|
| 63:27 | you have producers, consumers and there's levels of consumers, right? You |
|
| 63:32 | herbivores that you plan and you have levels of consumers. Car. Um |
|
| 63:39 | all seen this, these kind of chains, right? Um Then eventually |
|
| 63:46 | material dies and decomposes. OK? so what this all does it cycles |
|
| 63:56 | into the ecosystem? OK. So example, if you look at heteros |
|
| 64:01 | ho where do they fit in. , your auto tropes producers, heteros |
|
| 64:12 | your consumers that, um, and where do, what do we |
|
| 64:20 | Microbes in there are certainly, there certainly good composers. They're also |
|
| 64:35 | They're also, they're, they're, , they're all the ones, all |
|
| 64:39 | those. Yeah. And so that's because, um, of this, |
|
| 64:50 | this reason, like to, to the cycle public, the cycle of |
|
| 64:57 | that everybody can even to be. uh I said we'll talk about that |
|
| 65:06 | , but that's super important because um as great as they are, give |
|
| 65:13 | some water, give them some but they can't make things like you |
|
| 65:20 | those basic nitro microbial activity can't supply OK? Through the nitrogen cycle, |
|
| 65:28 | ? So um so it's, you , he trophy, auto trophy cycling |
|
| 65:35 | . It all comes together. Um Now and so we look at |
|
| 65:43 | like bireme waste water treat. Um These are products of our really |
|
| 65:53 | microbes to clean up our mess if will. Uh but his oil spilled |
|
| 66:01 | who, who was discharged from the . Um We used to news, |
|
| 66:08 | used to use uh biotechnology and the are very common in DNA to engineer |
|
| 66:19 | to eat. You just got out just as good to supply some nutrients |
|
| 66:26 | the areas that are blue. This just grow and do their thing cheaper |
|
| 66:35 | more productive. So um using micro there to eat here. At the |
|
| 66:41 | uh which one of you got one these in your um uh they use |
|
| 66:50 | to, to clean the water. ? You discharge it uh free |
|
| 66:57 | OK. Uh So currently from my , this is about really exploiting i |
|
| 67:05 | purpose of supplying things that you would may be that the of vaccines. |
|
| 67:14 | um The technology allows us to take source of DNA which could be in |
|
| 67:19 | gene from a bacteria or virus or have you and mass producing it through |
|
| 67:25 | techniques of Yeah, hey, in cell you can make lots of |
|
| 67:35 | right? It could be some, don't think it could be a levi |
|
| 67:40 | you to make the indigo die from jeans and something like that, |
|
| 67:45 | So um you can export they either jeans cells out of them and mixing |
|
| 67:52 | matching or you can take them and your product. I just, so |
|
| 67:58 | of things you can do. Um . So let's um look at any |
|
| 68:09 | . OK. So the table we're gonna be on that some more |
|
| 68:13 | . I just kind of uh the . OK. Um So I was |
|
| 68:20 | about uh micro disease. Um we a lot of time on that in |
|
| 68:25 | second half of the course. Uh think we're all aware of that. |
|
| 68:30 | our microbiomes right there. There's more those on, on your body and |
|
| 68:37 | own self and it it is a thing. You should be afraid of |
|
| 68:42 | . OK. Your microbiome, in , I just saw today uh an |
|
| 68:48 | about com so got bacteria. So this is the type of relationship |
|
| 69:00 | you have with many of your microbiome , right? They, what that |
|
| 69:06 | is um they, they don't do harm to you. They get, |
|
| 69:12 | get a homeless food by being in your, on your body but |
|
| 69:16 | not, they can harm you. make the micros have that either or |
|
| 69:22 | in both. Ok. That's pretty the two categories you have here. |
|
| 69:29 | in terms of, of patterns in , we'll talk more about this |
|
| 69:33 | but there's different types of bacteria you in your body that can outcompete um |
|
| 69:40 | pathogens that may want to set a . Oh, your mom is essential |
|
| 69:50 | in large part for keeping you Ok. Um And so if we |
|
| 69:56 | at things like, um do do you get sick or do you |
|
| 70:03 | get sick? Um Is your imm healthy? You, you remember buying |
|
| 70:10 | , right? Um Are you compromised some way? Because your immune system |
|
| 70:16 | all many factors play a part in will happen if you do uh get |
|
| 70:23 | when you, when you fight you just get a little bit sick |
|
| 70:26 | when you get full blown, So other factors play into that. |
|
| 70:31 | . Um We have different types of , right? Opportunistic primary patterns. |
|
| 70:40 | , and the rest of the primary New South. Number of that you |
|
| 70:44 | staff on your student right now. sorry, more serious becomes, it's |
|
| 70:55 | I just see wound or some type it is true then it can be |
|
| 71:03 | thought, um, primary cats. are the guys who are part of |
|
| 71:10 | micro life. If you have a , it's not my accident. You |
|
| 71:16 | this job even cause leaks. Anthrax Ebola. Um OK, you |
|
| 71:26 | very happy uh certificate here micro and like I said, we'll talk more |
|
| 71:34 | this. Um as we go through semester we travel now. Um |
|
| 71:45 | let me just finish with this one . OK. It is. |
|
| 71:49 | we'll go talk about biofilms and context growth. OK. In chapter |
|
| 71:55 | I think. But for now it a being a and then right, |
|
| 72:05 | biofilm uh to be thing we will after pretty exciting um because a lot |
|
| 72:20 | aggregations millions in that period and a field is all about a surface sticking |
|
| 72:28 | a surface, right? So medically these important are oftentimes in various types |
|
| 72:38 | aroma you use and half of it greeting coup uh maybe a joint that's |
|
| 72:45 | be replaced, open it in the up properly. You get with your |
|
| 72:55 | , grab one gloves or something and that's what you introduce one attitudes and |
|
| 73:01 | insert the body, the rows you here where the, and so, |
|
| 73:09 | , quite dangerous, right. So things can, uh, break off |
|
| 73:14 | other parts of the body, being a, so it's, it's |
|
| 73:18 | easy to some of the bio in . So that takes it, take |
|
| 73:27 | to, to eat, um, it and so forth. So, |
|
| 73:32 | from, especially, like I uh, in a health care |
|
| 73:37 | Right? And we will have So, um, that's a great |
|
| 73:44 | can you see you all? I the last part uh yes, |
|
| 74:41 | you can slow down. You you can, you can slow it |
|
| 74:47 | . Um, I need to Well, number one, the, |
|
| 74:53 | exam is your ex your, your , right? Uh notes for me |
|
| 74:59 | not like, so, you those things that you can already fast |
|
| 75:07 | it's, you just add views it's already there. You just add |
|
| 75:11 | to them. Is that ok? no, these are available to you |
|
| 75:23 | well. These are all on, , on camp sites. Yes. |
|
| 75:29 | have been available since they were, , they're on the canvas site. |
|
| 75:31 | download those and then, yeah. . Yeah. Yes. Uh What |
|
| 75:41 | are, what you tell me, Fruit, you have a question real |
|
| 75:57 | might even go. So that the are always first. I got the |
|
| 76:01 | subscription and I did get it. . Uh Yeah, that's gonna be |
|
| 76:11 | question for. So, uh check syllabus, there's a clicker support. |
|
| 76:16 | this information about clicker support. So think in person, I, I |
|
| 76:20 | where it's at but just check it'll tell you where to go. |
|
| 76:23 | can go, you can go. think it's behind the, behind the |
|
| 76:26 | down in the basement there. Yeah. Yeah. Uh they may |
|
| 76:36 | one but just bring it next time they, they have some, I |
|
| 76:39 | they have a spare two. Yes. Yeah. So for the |
|
| 76:51 | that we do in and everything like , um, looks like we do |
|
| 76:57 | the time if I'm trying to do best. I, I go over |
|
| 77:01 | chapters before and I like that um, the power point and I |
|
| 77:10 | I'm not doing as, as well I could. I, I know |
|
| 77:14 | don't count right now. But, , is there anything that I could |
|
| 77:19 | to because I know some of the is not exactly on the book or |
|
| 77:25 | Power point? Ok. Uh, mean, I think a lot |
|
| 77:30 | a lot of the questions are answered I'm talking about them. So, |
|
| 77:34 | mean, you're doing what you're supposed do. Ok. So I'm not |
|
| 77:38 | what I can add to it other , I mean, no, I'm |
|
| 77:42 | asking you. Do you have any ? I mean, not be beyond |
|
| 77:48 | you're doing. I mean, as said, in trying to go over |
|
| 77:53 | and, uh, that's fine. , I mean, it's, I'm |
|
| 78:05 | sure how to answer it because it's, it's also, I |
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| 78:10 | ii, I literally answer a lot the quick questions during classes on |
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| 78:15 | OK. And I mean, you're what you're supposed to do. The |
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| 78:19 | thing is, as I said, the first day about studying is what |
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| 78:22 | you think I know this, So that involves taking a subtopic and |
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| 78:27 | it and studying it and then ok, let me see what I |
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| 78:29 | about this and writing, writing like through diagrams, pictures, words, |
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| 78:33 | have you, your knowledge of what topic is and then check it. |
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| 78:37 | , that'll help you reinforce what you about it. Ok. So |
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| 78:40 | I mean, you're, you're doing you're supposed to do. But beyond |
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| 78:44 | , you know, just I'm sure paying attention during class. So, |
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| 78:47 | mean, it's like, I know just like, you know, I |
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| 78:50 | , it's, you know, the point of that because sometimes it pops |
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| 78:54 | and I'm like, yeah, I , I wouldn't stress too much about |
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| 78:58 | but just, just, just keep and if you, if you need |
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| 79:02 | , let me know. That's the thing. Ok. Sure. So |
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| 79:08 | the thing I can see that, , that means your clicker is working |
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| 79:16 | it's registered and you're seeing your points you're good. Yeah, because I |
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| 79:20 | went to the book store. I purchased it. Oh, because |
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| 79:24 | you're not in. No. I think that's fine. That's |
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| 79:28 | Yeah. Yeah. Oh, somebody it behind. Ok. I to |
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| 79:31 | pile. Yeah, it does. That's it. That means they would |
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| 80:00 | formulated a growth medium that contains those materials to promote the growth of those |
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| 80:09 | . That's enrichment. Excellent explain and |
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