| 00:03 | Okay. Yes, thank you. today we'll talk about the memory system |
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| 00:12 | out. Memory system is tend to most political in most applications to get |
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| 00:18 | performance. Uh, if you're taking architecture course and a lot of it |
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| 00:26 | with the repetition but not everyone has it some decades but able this is |
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| 00:33 | fairly high level of what you kind need to know to understand how to |
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| 00:38 | cold sufficient. So when that said huh. All right. So this |
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| 00:48 | the first talk about caches and then about the tournament members system and how |
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| 00:56 | integrate that too. Species or So that's it. Um, so |
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| 01:06 | terminology is also familiar with most of cash is and cash mrs and I |
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| 01:12 | the meeting is pretty obvious. Hit whenever your check is what happens to |
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| 01:18 | in the cash and this is obviously opposite. And then so and try |
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| 01:25 | understand the performance of charges will need also be conscientious of the time it |
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| 01:33 | . Yeah, when there's a it doesn't come for free and in |
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| 01:38 | also that success facebook is the So I'll talk a little bit about |
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| 01:46 | . Um, Thanks. So I conscientious or aware of what goes on |
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| 01:53 | then we already mentioned. So the fine then that is climate a block |
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| 01:58 | memory that is treated as an atomic it comes to my mind right and |
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| 02:04 | . So how many have actually taking ? Of course. Okay. |
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| 02:11 | All right. So, but you that if I'm going to pass something |
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| 02:16 | question. So one of the big in terms of Cash is, is |
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| 02:24 | notion of locality and they talk about types of locality. one Temporal locality |
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| 02:30 | the other one is special. The temporal locality, that simply means |
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| 02:38 | if you reference the member location, , it doesn't take all that many |
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| 02:42 | in your cold before they're going to the same day lives in the |
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| 02:47 | So it's just the notion of the of instructions that It's like six years |
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| 02:52 | you touch this in memory location. the temporal aspect. Special locality is |
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| 03:01 | , the notion of that kind of for reference nearby memory location. I |
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| 03:08 | something that really something that is the item in memory, that's sort of |
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| 03:14 | locality and it tends to be that system, I should say really |
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| 03:22 | a location that is being used when mapped your data sets to memory, |
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| 03:30 | that it will have good special look it. So for instance, just |
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| 03:36 | the previous slide of trash time is block of members. That means you |
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| 03:41 | just one word, you will get bunch of them whether you want to |
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| 03:46 | so if you have special talent, is a good chance you would also |
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| 03:49 | the other items that comes in that . If there are no spatial |
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| 03:56 | You pay the price for most cases bytes and you may only use for |
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| 04:01 | . So that's kind of a very . So that's why this special performance |
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| 04:08 | the biggest. But so I keep of these two aspects and try to |
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| 04:14 | a little bit behavior our vehicle respect the number system and then there's three |
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| 04:23 | of Mrs on talks about compulsory, means there's no way around it. |
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| 04:31 | usually you start program and data ankle in main memory has been loaded into |
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| 04:39 | or caches register to be able to something and the early start with things |
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| 04:46 | the registers you had this starts from else. So there's no way of |
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| 04:51 | one set of sort of first touch Nicholas, you need to know that |
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| 04:56 | it. The flash. So that's complexity apart. There's no way around |
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| 05:04 | . Then there are other two parts is the capacity and conflict. This |
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| 05:11 | so the capacity is simply that compared main memory. Fashion is so |
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| 05:18 | So in most cases your entire problem applications data set they're working on, |
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| 05:24 | no way it's going to be Remember Never want our suspect 32, |
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| 05:31 | even there was three that these days grown quite a bit then maybe |
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| 05:37 | certain megabytes at best but the data maybe keep about store even more. |
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| 05:44 | there is no way it will sit the past. So that's what's behind |
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| 05:49 | capacity misses the cash to small level is a little bit more subtle |
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| 05:56 | So it's the insect the where you to put the data item or the |
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| 06:04 | brother want to put the data items the josh is already taken. So |
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| 06:13 | know some address to use some data that loaded in protection a particular |
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| 06:18 | And it will be clear. So thought that that's not the complete freedom |
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| 06:24 | where you stick the data in the is governed by a bunch of |
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| 06:28 | So it may be the next item want. It's actually the system decided |
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| 06:33 | stick in the same place in the . And then that becomes conflicts of |
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| 06:37 | do you do. And so that's notion of the conflict give me some |
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| 06:43 | on compulsory. Sometimes people also call cold start when the program starts, |
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| 06:50 | of the data is in the So do you know your major device |
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| 06:58 | this case? The data starts to you. So when all the competitions |
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| 07:05 | between registers and functional so somehow it to be moved mm the main members |
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| 07:13 | the registers and the path that goes the cash. So the first time |
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| 07:20 | there is no way that you will . Yes because we look in the |
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| 07:25 | for the state light and there is so it has to get to the |
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| 07:31 | in the first place. That's why some cold start because it starts with |
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| 07:36 | ideally the trash is probably empty when wanted this continent this later on in |
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| 07:46 | program that maybe that sunday night before it is still present in the |
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| 07:54 | And there are sufficiently. Yeah. that's what they say. Uh asian |
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| 08:01 | going start. So when you don't the exhibition yes. The gold star |
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| 08:10 | significant. Yes, exactly. So why it's many times. Also in |
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| 08:16 | cases there's enough hope stuff going So there's cold start. Peace may |
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| 08:24 | take a big part of your entire , but it is sort of happened |
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| 08:32 | you have a very small data set it actually sits and chats. Then |
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| 08:36 | will see the first situation if you it in the loop would take much |
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| 08:40 | time. And the second integration where there is potential 3 - $4. |
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| 08:56 | . So, so in that case , yeah, yeah, depending on |
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| 09:06 | during and since a seven part is number of instructions before you try to |
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| 09:10 | it the next time. That is temporal aspect. So if the data |
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| 09:17 | is really small, depending on what code is doing, it may not |
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| 09:23 | that few instructions before they touch So it's different concepts of the temporal |
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| 09:30 | out that you had even. so that would be referenced to how |
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| 09:35 | cycles between memory. Main memory So, um, so even if |
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| 09:47 | I tried to come back to If I remember give examples where, |
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| 09:53 | the cash is worth the effort. if the simple localities might not work |
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| 09:57 | well with the cash. And it's to actually because it depends on where |
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| 10:04 | can stick things in the trash. the compulsory it is suggest two |
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| 10:08 | It's never been there and there's no . The other cases that made see |
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| 10:14 | things has been in the cash but got picked up for something so it's |
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| 10:17 | longer present. So that's why when other two has to think what what |
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| 10:25 | , you know when the cash is small so you ready flip it up |
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| 10:29 | then we get the miss because what need is not there something we'll have |
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| 10:36 | . Yeah there is three Houston attachment sometimes it's because even though it's actually |
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| 10:47 | fit for but you can still get mrs because you have a limited places |
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| 10:53 | you can put them. So then get the conflict. Even all the |
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| 10:57 | is not for me. And the is that there's no way regardless of |
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| 11:03 | to see. So so now he to me in the scheme of where |
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| 11:17 | put stuff. So as usual the categories. My thoughts about about direct |
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| 11:24 | will be associative and sex. Um fact is simple conceptual. Each memory |
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| 11:35 | correspond to specific place in traction. they have a memory of this. |
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| 11:40 | has only one way to go even your heart in this case 32 64 |
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| 11:48 | . They can only choose 64 bucks specific 6-4 months. Even if the |
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| 11:54 | of it is empty and walk not memory location that also has to go |
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| 12:00 | the same location. We get the even though most of it is that |
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| 12:07 | there was only one. So that the that's the conflict and that sort |
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| 12:13 | happens cash and I'll talk about this accept the side a little bit |
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| 12:19 | Some idea by people by your own is different design. So fashion all |
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| 12:25 | associative. It's sort of a good in the sense that any memorable efficient |
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| 12:31 | or pass line from memory attempted place other fish in the cash. So |
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| 12:36 | long as it's not filled up, always a place for yes, which |
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| 12:41 | not true in the direct. So if it's something there's only one year |
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| 12:45 | place for everything the last time that the middle ground is to set associated |
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| 12:56 | it's a limited number of places where can the memory 1st 1 in memory |
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| 13:05 | but it's more than what The aircraft on one and all the associated and |
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| 13:10 | were. And the sex ratio It can go into a particular set |
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| 13:17 | in that set their choices ceremony in place and our soldiers. So if |
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| 13:25 | go back and look at the size for talking about processors depends to list |
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| 13:33 | . Itty of fascism. We'll figure what's comin not first that the common |
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| 13:41 | is to do sets, associative caches of four. Therefore they are expensive |
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| 13:47 | do. And I'll talk more about direct map is kind of troublesome because |
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| 13:53 | the degree of free, lack of of freedom from where to load in |
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| 13:59 | from Medford. So, um, a little bit more of what they |
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| 14:09 | operating principles are supposed to home Things of works and our comes to this |
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| 14:15 | . Call this replacement policies. That when there is a conflict. What |
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| 14:21 | you going to do if you have then um, so indirect part we |
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| 14:28 | have a whole speaker, the You can go only look actually you |
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| 14:32 | choose this busy to get natural Uh, so the best we have |
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| 14:41 | take care of that. You have to that an updated a fast on |
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| 14:46 | word in the past time you need make sure that it's preserved. Something |
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| 14:50 | to go to. So you don't what's the risk, what you have |
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| 14:58 | the sense the fully associated in the associated you have chosen. This is |
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| 15:03 | full social actively choose any location and it's full, then you have to |
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| 15:09 | which one am I going to override the same thing within a set of |
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| 15:17 | within the set and also have to if that is the conflict, what |
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| 15:24 | want to do. So the typical is the same somewhere here. Um |
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| 15:30 | you uh and for these piece of . Right. So this was the |
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| 15:39 | thing that hasn't been used in the . It's the thing that has to |
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| 15:45 | dealt with. So if it was the really there's no problem just overnight |
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| 15:52 | and if it has been updated then need to write the maximum. But |
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| 15:59 | the thoughts and the are you? the most common up there and over |
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| 16:09 | years that has been refined. So sweet. It's fairly complicated rules that |
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| 16:14 | use for how to choose what's fashion to. All right. Thanks so |
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| 16:22 | times. It's the basic principle is you? But then there are some |
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| 16:29 | and some of the tweets depends on of the friday they collect in the |
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| 16:34 | is to figure out a better source just reset. So it's quite |
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| 16:43 | Um There are other things that are to randomly to uh random is used |
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| 16:53 | kind of a Dallas in principle in scenarios. So randomized is rarely I |
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| 17:03 | say best case but it voice is worst. So it's used and many |
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| 17:15 | . Physics or computational science multi column . There are randomized. Your programming |
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| 17:24 | . It was diverse space or to trapped in some local minimum. So |
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| 17:31 | in relative networks feminization also used to to balance the load in the |
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| 17:38 | It's not necessarily fastest rather for any case. But again, the Voice |
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| 17:45 | it's kind of blow things about. , So, but it's not commonly |
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| 17:52 | process, but Oh, all So now if you have updated the |
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| 18:06 | line one, obviously if you need place in the cash, we need |
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| 18:14 | make sure it gets updated in memory your over. Right. And there |
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| 18:21 | different principles. Uh, leaders. . But in multi core system, |
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| 18:30 | are obviously all some problems that also you have written to cache line, |
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| 18:37 | some other cash at the same level that cash line to the other cash |
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| 18:46 | are wrong because one of the guys its fashion line. So somehow that |
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| 18:51 | to get propagated to the others say one caches. Every general church of |
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| 18:58 | healthy. Everybody knows it's on the of the taliban A. L. |
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| 19:03 | Either just one corner was about it maybe two sometimes has to be |
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| 19:09 | So that means the other cores on trip needs to get updated. That's |
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| 19:15 | cache coherence protocols are supposed to do it. Not every process that actually |
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| 19:22 | cultural cache coherence. So that means program when he managed to keep that |
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| 19:28 | is in the other fashion. So it's also the first wanting |
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| 19:35 | what do you do? And the thing but other threats of course do |
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| 19:39 | . They may uptake in. And means what you have is embedded. |
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| 19:42 | again, it needs to be Everybody knows what the correct statuses. |
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| 19:51 | here it is. Mm hmm. dealing with the rights, Someone is |
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| 19:58 | as well. True. That one known as the right effect. So |
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| 20:05 | right through is that's pretty inclusive is right through the coaches all the way |
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| 20:11 | memory. So that means memories, this instinct with the crashes. That's |
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| 20:19 | nice. Except it's not the core . If every core then do the |
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| 20:25 | through, invites everything to make memories memory channel. That is the weakest |
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| 20:31 | system. The succeeding That's so that's not often reduced or many of |
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| 20:43 | catches. Maybe it has policies may differ depending about several fashion the |
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| 20:50 | but some of the catches maybe right that means that shit is not the |
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| 20:56 | level up. They say it's what it means that there were two |
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| 21:02 | gets up, write something, you montage help. Who knows. That's |
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| 21:08 | right through. But I want to the right back To me. It's |
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| 21:14 | than two what it actually means. means even if you update the cache |
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| 21:20 | , you don't tell the memory about for the next step. So you |
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| 21:27 | doing it until this line needs to evicted done or overwritten by something that |
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| 21:35 | else needs that. Mhm. So then you right. So that in |
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| 21:41 | trash can be updated many times before is without any memory track. So |
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| 21:49 | the predominant scheme for most of the processors used to write back so and |
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| 21:58 | let the cache coherence protocol secure of or updating of other clashes on the |
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| 22:06 | , as long as around the Do you get to know what's in |
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| 22:11 | ? Um or you know that it's been updated by somebody else holds or |
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| 22:17 | time becomes invalid because it was updated else and nothing happens unless you actually |
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| 22:25 | to work with that cash on, you need to go out there but |
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| 22:30 | don't need to get it from memory you get it from some other |
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| 22:36 | So that's all that traffic and updating that goes on chip in the right |
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| 22:43 | without bothering me. So and then right back policy is also what I |
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| 22:55 | in terms of screens, which I to write something. It needs to |
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| 23:00 | present in the fashion if it's not first need to though, they didn't |
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| 23:05 | and updating flash time and then write fact. So even if you just |
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| 23:10 | to do read right, sorry, ends up being re possible. So |
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| 23:18 | means something looks at the peak achieve the memory of performance for stream stream |
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| 23:26 | tell you about the extra loan for right back policy. So the actual |
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| 23:33 | traffic maybe higher that was streamed tells because there is an extra read, |
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| 23:39 | the right and maybe actually first to the argument to do whatever competition was |
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| 23:48 | to and then you can say although two arguments and I write this one |
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| 23:52 | that's to those in one store but storm may actually incomes. Another reason |
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| 23:58 | actually ends up before recent one So that's why depending upon that The |
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| 24:05 | areas you can never get 200% utilization the screen benefit because response but that's |
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| 24:12 | okay. Why uh some of the of manufacturer has this cash by pass |
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| 24:25 | so they avoid these extra read from that they can write direct memory about |
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| 24:31 | . So caches are not always You can get it to work. |
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| 24:39 | that was on the next one. will not survive. Sorry. So |
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| 24:44 | is first right right back at the allocate is this process that you need |
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| 24:50 | update things in the fashion, update directly. So that's what it means |
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| 24:56 | do this extra. It's the right . Okay. That is implemented on |
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| 25:01 | processors sustainably of doing distance but intel IBM and several of the other processor |
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| 25:08 | , they have also this five past . So if the compartment managed to |
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| 25:11 | it out, it uses instructions not stick things in trash but things directly |
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| 25:19 | that's it wouldn't know one that cut up the golden about instructions but the |
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| 25:25 | has the feature that conscripted um I I don't have it on the side |
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| 25:34 | as a sign remarks. So uh don't think it's configurable though. Anyone |
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| 25:40 | the server processing dyeing all uh some processors except for embedded market. You |
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| 25:49 | choose to use the own chip memory as just as memory, your self |
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| 26:00 | or you can use it pass cash a cash flow mechanism using all this |
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| 26:07 | and thinking out to cash, you , replacement. And so I'm on |
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| 26:13 | camera culture you can sometimes configured. want all the on september. I |
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| 26:17 | to use this much that I manage And the Church American is Spanish the |
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| 26:23 | four. Oh, so that's something all set to go undercover. The |
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| 26:29 | for some of these processors that tell story to want maximum performance. You |
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| 26:34 | probably not as township memory yourself and you can decide how much you want |
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| 26:40 | use for cash and I'm going to itself. Yeah. Huh. |
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| 26:51 | I can't believe I don't think until oriented support previously. Okay, so |
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| 27:01 | something depending upon what you do outside question And churches like this is good |
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| 27:07 | know that sometimes different processes may offer option for you manage and control exactly |
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| 27:15 | happens. But they answered memory part that's a lot faster. Okay, |
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| 27:26 | a little bit question here. I not so quickly um about design. |
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| 27:33 | before you are aspect of cash is any more questions on crash replacement policy |
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| 27:43 | policies following emergency reflect that but who of? Yeah, what does another |
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| 27:55 | that story but uh there are groups uh okay I think I have an |
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| 28:07 | somewhere they all come back to questioning of this. It's kind of a |
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| 28:12 | that for example to show what Crash replacement policies, successor to get |
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| 28:21 | so might get approved. Help you some idea what and if it doesn't |
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| 28:27 | aspect. So now the next step like um related to the choice between |
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| 28:46 | mapped or for my associate people, caches, uh, infrastructure and also |
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| 28:53 | a little bit about the differences of implement. So there there is the |
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| 29:01 | of the side here that the memory is one of us in principle who |
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| 29:09 | interpreted as three different things. You , there's nothing hard, it's a |
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| 29:13 | of bits for the artist, that's . And it's a question. How |
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| 29:17 | you look at those bits? so I'm sorry that the right most |
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| 29:24 | or set. So as I there are memories designed to work with |
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| 29:31 | of memory and form of cash. for fashion contain stuff. Uh typically |
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| 29:37 | bytes sometimes 1 28 bytes. That each fashion line contains depending upon the |
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| 29:44 | that we're using if you want. know, despite address bullets is 64 |
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| 29:52 | its public decision. It's 8 8 per item and 64 8 elements in |
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| 29:57 | protection. So you need to be to figure out where in that question |
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| 30:03 | the data you want. So that the number of its are dedicated to |
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| 30:07 | out where the cash line my So that's there was the rest of |
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| 30:13 | this way tell us where the cache starts in main memory. So it |
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| 30:20 | counts the blocks cash back. depending upon what type of cash to |
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| 30:29 | that far from the address. These ft 1 month from the cash check |
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| 30:35 | what is not cash in depth cash is salon. That is used to |
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| 30:42 | out which set should this data I go in. So that's using the |
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| 30:52 | . So if it's direct max cash on the one Place a day to |
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| 31:00 | to. So the number of sets the number of trash lines that fits |
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| 31:05 | fashions. That's it. But it only choose monster and the fully associated |
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| 31:15 | a candle everywhere. So I'll try make it clear and limits studies |
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| 31:23 | So, but isn't and why people why these trade offs has done in |
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| 31:30 | of design. So I think it's is what I said before, you |
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| 31:37 | . So on the next a couple . So here is kind of a |
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| 31:45 | example were the three different types of before the associative and they're all the |
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| 31:51 | in so far and then there's a of dashed lines on the right |
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| 31:56 | And that's the question where it's Now let's see it again to see |
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| 32:01 | happens. So it took this uh Brakes on the fact my number |
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| 32:14 | What it supported a shortage of election against action can do whatever or so |
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| 32:21 | the basis and it's it's the direct economical the bomb places to sit and |
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| 32:28 | place usually just taking the memory or first time adjusting memory and do it |
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| 32:36 | . The number of starts with the . So in this sense that a |
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| 32:41 | of thoughts right? So 15 more seven writes for the thoughts in the |
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| 32:48 | place. A similar place via Uh huh. one is by here |
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| 33:00 | thanks. So in that case 15 more. Yes there are of |
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| 33:09 | That's so that that free the Oh So that means that goes into |
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| 33:16 | # three. But it's undetermined which the two basis and which of the |
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| 33:22 | places and go system. The government the replacement policy and the L are |
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| 33:28 | ? So they're turning upon which I would be the oldest in blackface. |
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| 33:32 | would override that. That's the So a little bit more about these |
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| 33:44 | . So this portion is a direct works. So the gas began stuff |
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| 33:51 | the main memory something a principle. are these three things uh after the |
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| 33:59 | into the cache line and then there's question of the other one. So |
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| 34:04 | have to figure out this is member in the past. That sort of |
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| 34:11 | . If it's not it's a mess then money to go and do whatever |
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| 34:16 | need to do it you know first of business sitting on the surface. |
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| 34:24 | so in this case because the direct it's only one location I can go |
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| 34:30 | . So the only thing you need do to the rest. Yes I |
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| 34:35 | to go on a trip application or can go and sit down if the |
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| 34:43 | of of the pack of six years which uh so basically the last of |
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| 34:50 | two I think that's part and when got a memory is also stored associated |
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| 34:57 | protection they can sit in if there's different set of bids from the bag |
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| 35:04 | celebration of that location then a So I don't have to look at |
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| 35:10 | place and compare the attack at that in the cat. But when I |
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| 35:15 | some memories yeah in the world so is simple to do and but again |
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| 35:30 | not very so fully issues and judgments can go to all the places and |
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| 35:38 | I just took the picture so what means in this case they have to |
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| 35:43 | yeah every for all of the locations the past and take it off what |
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| 35:50 | attack is obviously that is the main address associated with cash line. Uh |
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| 35:59 | I have to respect all of them figure out any one of them has |
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| 36:04 | the correspondent that to determine whether. that is is the work to do |
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| 36:15 | of got sold as one x It takes a long time. I |
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| 36:20 | to have to inspect everyone. So why people implement the action and uh |
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| 36:30 | more sophisticated methods so they don't need you know having your search through all |
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| 36:36 | tax for once our service but that's . So they use time as by |
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| 36:45 | a lot of harder otherwise it becomes hit. That's so awesome because they |
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| 36:51 | know it because again this event the time and the direct map especially until |
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| 36:58 | look it up is that they're just up. It doesn't cost many |
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| 37:03 | This one cost or quite sophisticated. that's why fully associated caches. A |
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| 37:11 | used in particular if their charge. can be used sometimes for small. |
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| 37:15 | the search set is small and then and then there's the associative and then |
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| 37:25 | it's a bunch of the bits that used to determine the city except for |
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| 37:30 | little example to show. So in case is kind of the middle ground |
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| 37:35 | now you have to no within that Which one the tension has correspondent |
|
| 37:45 | Uh So in the search is not . It's for when you just need |
|
| 37:50 | check for locations It is a traded patients. So that's uh points that |
|
| 37:59 | anyone go back and look at the of examples. I did, we |
|
| 38:04 | like attempted before eight maybe 16 ways the form of the cash numbers Usually |
|
| 38:12 | level one is 4 or eight. there's that not that many locations you |
|
| 38:17 | to check the korean all secretaries. don't want the large number of choices |
|
| 38:24 | the clashes that need to be the system. Everybody. So, so |
|
| 38:33 | is just saying a little bit and before. So again, you |
|
| 38:39 | we're not going to deal with it not just say what the cache coherence |
|
| 38:45 | . There's a whole lot of that's to figure out everything you think on |
|
| 38:53 | process it. And here's just a bit about the trade offs. Mhm |
|
| 39:06 | I can stop us for questions that I have to come back to. |
|
| 39:15 | here is, you know, the things are detachment says less capacity news |
|
| 39:21 | because the starter and that's most likely less costly nuisance. So it increases |
|
| 39:28 | rate. But it also um increases time because it's more research um, |
|
| 39:40 | social activity again introduces the consequences because places to go through. Yeah, |
|
| 39:49 | was just one. So that's not good. They set associative. There |
|
| 39:54 | 4816 graces to go to as much . So the chance that it's a |
|
| 39:59 | mrs longer because there are more The states of the association. It's |
|
| 40:06 | . It's hardly possible. Big it's the trade offs and things have |
|
| 40:14 | very stable in terms of first that sector should associated caches are being used |
|
| 40:23 | that's on the social activity. Also I said, has pretty much been |
|
| 40:30 | across regardless of cross surrender. It's at all. And I have some |
|
| 40:37 | to artesia, we're not transparent and has just begun the same trade off |
|
| 40:44 | thing on the sign that and the part I guess it's part so uh |
|
| 40:55 | stuff and ship is time consuming and consuming. Um, so that's a |
|
| 41:03 | while you also want to keep save trashes small and in order for them |
|
| 41:10 | to be everything. Every location in cash is close to the functional |
|
| 41:14 | So remember is typically between one and cycles to get them to have a |
|
| 41:21 | cash too uh, register but so are calls but if they are large |
|
| 41:29 | and there's a psychosis. So that's trade off and correspondingly will be energy |
|
| 41:36 | . Yeah, yes, this was this I guess is probably somewhere a |
|
| 41:42 | bit the sense of what's out Find his back on the sides whenever |
|
| 41:49 | processors of those Catch line sizes and on the state bond processors and here |
|
| 42:01 | can also see associative itty and then its hugely modest. Again, in |
|
| 42:07 | together. Quick kids you don't think minutes or so. So they're designing |
|
| 42:16 | for AIDS uh two they are succeeding possible. The theme of the number |
|
| 42:26 | sets constantly. So the question mark a couple of them work. Uh |
|
| 42:39 | the way the shared caches are done this ship is the report that's not |
|
| 42:45 | much passion is curved or uh a veil and rescued by his side associated |
|
| 42:56 | line. Yes. And so it's created exactly since two. Right. |
|
| 43:06 | doctor From 28 maximum.org. And uh they always want to take the # |
|
| 43:20 | . And even if I must advisors it was for me to get the |
|
| 43:24 | table B. They've still got it another there's a power through makes sense |
|
| 43:33 | the adhesive address responsibilities and the address want to not too far too sleep |
|
| 43:40 | off. So it's not clear to father. I suspect many times when |
|
| 43:47 | have this that interest we have Tax Cores. four cores this enough. |
|
| 43:54 | of course most likely to say tip just won't enable some of the |
|
| 44:00 | But the health reattachment students are So 100 and there are lots of |
|
| 44:04 | quote since record every little bit So right. Anyway let's say also |
|
| 44:14 | because first associative it doesn't increase much levels because you want to place three |
|
| 44:21 | . Uh but we got a lot sex choices too. Right. |
|
| 44:31 | Oh okay. So now I have little separation. Example the so there |
|
| 44:46 | uh I would say that. Oh as the other rubrics if everyone for |
|
| 45:01 | . Uh And uh 24 water addressable 16 networks. Uh huh. 46 |
|
| 45:14 | the data site specific filler words. then God is you know it was |
|
| 45:33 | four Way Match Report. Best Time . Uh huh. Uh H Are |
|
| 45:43 | . Mhm. 64 words. Word was too light. So that's |
|
| 45:52 | first. Uh How these things So person to try to figure out |
|
| 46:03 | partitioning kind of logic partitioning all day address. So uh how many gifts |
|
| 46:13 | we need to to address the Not the only works are that I |
|
| 46:31 | do 50 60. So now we to figure out escape. Yeah I |
|
| 46:51 | 13. I don't think so. part of you is stupid. That's |
|
| 47:05 | . Mr cain 18 256 is 238 the K. is 2 to |
|
| 47:16 | So that means 2018 days to be to even. That's every work. |
|
| 47:27 | . Now. Okay. Next thing not possible. How many dicks objects |
|
| 47:36 | than you'd be able to distinguish all words? Mhm. Yeah. Oh |
|
| 48:02 | how many were there was 64 I want her up to 64. |
|
| 48:23 | but um yeah it's four and four to to the to 82 - |
|
| 48:34 | 16. Super four. So you due to the car. Oh |
|
| 48:42 | Maybe I missed. So that was for the next thing then. |
|
| 48:48 | I want it to go off the kids are doing that scene for the |
|
| 48:55 | . Now we need to figure I mean it's it's part I told |
|
| 49:01 | , wow. Uh do that It says uh that's fine. Was |
|
| 49:12 | bye. four Times Street Raise Right? The set 44 times |
|
| 49:23 | But that's quite well wow for each . Now, That's all. That |
|
| 49:37 | eight. What? So he said fine from don't have kids basically. |
|
| 49:45 | bite. So the economists that's on table. The biggest problem. |
|
| 49:59 | So okay. I'm sorry that I think he's away rights fight for |
|
| 50:07 | If there were two sets, that be one give about Now I was |
|
| 50:13 | Yes. eight times judgment years for 2016 to forget the long another time |
|
| 50:21 | . Yesterday, 16 sets he Sound right with the other way around |
|
| 50:31 | guess because 16 each one is given transfers so that states. Mhm. |
|
| 50:47 | man is 66. Okay. Yeah. So the thing is to |
|
| 50:58 | with a cash fine sites There's 1 64 works is to rights. So |
|
| 51:07 | 1 28 5 for international. Then set at four crash lands thousands four |
|
| 51:16 | 1 28 each. Uh sex context bucks. No. Yeah 1 28 |
|
| 51:33 | four. Yes, Times two is 56 sometimes to again is five. |
|
| 51:47 | that means and then Multiply that by 1 district. So I mean there's |
|
| 51:55 | cents And I'm gonna be specific to 16 cents Diseases. Right? Part |
|
| 52:14 | the two 24816. I was What? So this is basically the |
|
| 52:22 | things are than this is between you six bits for the offsets for this |
|
| 52:32 | . That's up to the sets and rest of the thing is attacked. |
|
| 52:36 | you need to have to check whether are present or not not. To |
|
| 52:46 | simulation. So that was the first the adolescent traits on set. Oh |
|
| 52:52 | logic interpretation amendment at this has worked a cash business. So now I'm |
|
| 52:59 | little simulation. So now we decided the 16 sets to college. It's |
|
| 53:06 | four different tax on. So that's of the roles here and I made |
|
| 53:12 | the runs prove and see what Okay. So the first thing is |
|
| 53:19 | guess yes. Yes. Oh like . Uh No. In fact I |
|
| 53:30 | burst that 70 workspace and division from centre. The numbers of people have |
|
| 53:37 | some sides of memory accesses based on where to. Uh huh. Perhaps |
|
| 53:42 | was this stocks of but the reality so much so much to generate this |
|
| 53:56 | . So this is staying on the 64 Works and the best contact The |
|
| 54:05 | number of race on those 43 So 68 a number of 500 I |
|
| 54:13 | against it. Uh huh. So then so these panels in this case |
|
| 54:23 | very simple. It's just the time takes again. Goodbye. Memory and |
|
| 54:31 | island memorable. 10 T. Or . Is the fact that an |
|
| 54:37 | So that's what number in there Thanks. I think I'm so worried |
|
| 54:43 | . Uh huh. And the fact a contradiction be what it is and |
|
| 54:55 | on. It's finally before the at . It's a very 10 times and |
|
| 55:02 | to be loaded by lunchtime. it was a little bit kind of |
|
| 55:12 | uh Before nothing has happened 70 and and the first situation here uh region |
|
| 55:25 | flashlight. Can we build it Uh in this case the cash. |
|
| 55:33 | total of 64 places right for And each set And there's 16 cents |
|
| 55:40 | the loss of support that fits There were four more than so there |
|
| 55:44 | be conflict. Some people abuse well then I forgot. So that's what's |
|
| 55:52 | here. So look at the black in the responses it uh pursue developing |
|
| 56:01 | the others. So in this case comes through the second first stop and |
|
| 56:07 | . And for the next 16 it to the second stop and accept. |
|
| 56:11 | know all the forms. So it's set. Okay. But then I |
|
| 56:18 | this is some strands in this The oldest first to be replaced sort |
|
| 56:28 | the next item, the 60 this . Now there are 60. That's |
|
| 56:36 | . End up overwriting The First Special zero. So the last four guys |
|
| 56:43 | up in the 1st 4, 6 writing the music, these funds. |
|
| 56:53 | , and the next stop here. think this was a strange inside and |
|
| 57:00 | insurrection from now when you start the situation start and set their own because |
|
| 57:11 | know whatever the situation of sense memory . Stone goes into the first set |
|
| 57:17 | . But now I'll just point this the top ready, but number |
|
| 57:25 | oh, 64 you were that the . So that was kind of detainment |
|
| 57:34 | the first, but this was fine . So here here 1, |
|
| 57:44 | 3. And then that's it. . Uh, yes, replacing coming |
|
| 57:54 | . Uh huh. So, so that's up there and yeah, |
|
| 58:05 | stand for the next After the 1st . Right then. All right. |
|
| 58:15 | , 36 locations. Uh huh. , it runs a baptist 48 and |
|
| 58:32 | there and back this part. And this is hard at all this stuff |
|
| 58:42 | the two normal stuff. This one on the mission. Mm hmm. |
|
| 58:53 | here. Cool. And that's four this planet zero. Sure. Is |
|
| 59:08 | for um, replacements over. And I, and this is particularly |
|
| 59:19 | you from me. So, and one can figure out, I |
|
| 59:24 | Hopefully business what? Not just in of, but this, um, |
|
| 59:33 | replacements happened. Uh Congratulations back that's . So uh so it was some |
|
| 59:50 | up but it's. Yeah. Oh a little bit. But there |
|
| 59:59 | Yeah. Oh come in. They like trace the call this information replacement |
|
| 60:10 | work. And what is your Yeah whole host we spoke was |
|
| 60:21 | Both the justice and social activity and policies of the work. What? |
|
| 60:31 | So that was about the cash part the memory system. And that next |
|
| 60:36 | . Doctor main memory. That's You are the simple pretty many questions |
|
| 60:47 | caches. Okay so sometimes you know of these assignments. Yeah sunday simple |
|
| 61:02 | and gold. So on. Sometimes um Do a plausible explanation by doing |
|
| 61:10 | simulation. No credible process center figure the social activity and fascism. Whatever |
|
| 61:19 | seems the possible way of doing things what things happen and maybe it explains |
|
| 61:24 | you see maybe because there are more events. Simple strategy but it's the |
|
| 61:33 | for what. Yeah. All Now talk about memory has first to |
|
| 61:41 | about I was integrated and then I'll about the design of me memory. |
|
| 61:49 | the very first thing so was so usual then since the C. Class |
|
| 61:54 | performances importance of a day to all us. Very good. Um So |
|
| 62:04 | haven't read 100 minutes. Second. a costume 1%. Yeah. Uh |
|
| 62:14 | . Uh huh. 200 million 1% sounds real money. 500 |
|
| 62:24 | And there are other consumers that some of mhm Tamerlan of you are interested |
|
| 62:34 | the financial industry. Bank accounts and sexual delays. Yeah. Crazy. |
|
| 62:45 | there are fairly very sensitive references so anyone financial trading companies, they have |
|
| 62:55 | dedicated network infrastructure. Not just so is the ability and equipment trading across |
|
| 63:03 | world. Uh so mm in very amounts of in a is important. |
|
| 63:13 | right. So now a little bit to this thing that main memories |
|
| 63:19 | Um and what's being done about it talked about it about it in terms |
|
| 63:23 | the process is one thing most member uh it's always peace will stay in |
|
| 63:30 | system that and they got more and of course or the process of die |
|
| 63:37 | chips. So that means it can more and more data Because of the |
|
| 63:44 | functional units going to try to fix make exists over bottleneck. Then when |
|
| 63:53 | happened over time you get more and channels were started up. Again, |
|
| 63:59 | a question how many pins or that can get into LTD foot break. |
|
| 64:06 | if you have eight channels that just the data Elements agents, the forces |
|
| 64:12 | 512 principal things or just for the to pass and that many addresses and |
|
| 64:19 | things for evidence. It gets into thousands in the middle of the print |
|
| 64:25 | or assault so I can see there's limit what you can do because it's |
|
| 64:31 | mechanical transfer when you get off. came onto the circuit board. So |
|
| 64:36 | has to have certain sizes of mechanical that is much bigger than that's |
|
| 64:43 | And the other part is representing Our stuff was been. Um, |
|
| 64:53 | right. It's a fascinating. So typical thing is for service even though |
|
| 65:01 | isn't around. Um, I have do something that is known as things |
|
| 65:07 | sure line module. So it's a circuit for as well where the memory |
|
| 65:14 | on it. You guys have seen things. Okay. Okay. All |
|
| 65:20 | . So this is just dinner. not, we, therefore the |
|
| 65:28 | the federation conservative. We've got five . So what does the little black |
|
| 65:40 | on the green background, essentially the . So they have a bunch of |
|
| 65:46 | and they got this. The number is black eyes or attention. That |
|
| 65:54 | on, in part depends on, in a bit wind and Data buses |
|
| 66:01 | the memory channels of today's to 64 . Somehow I want each one of |
|
| 66:07 | , Him to deliver 64 bits Each membership does not deliver six |
|
| 66:14 | uh, Dust. 4, 8 16, sometimes 30. So if |
|
| 66:24 | have eight kids from membership, you eight of them. The next 64 |
|
| 66:29 | . So that's last right here. . Oh and most likely that's, |
|
| 66:41 | , you cannot delay first. That's picture, but most idea is memberships |
|
| 66:47 | office etc. Um I'm not an of the night. Remember the bottom |
|
| 66:55 | activity is fine. Uh That's not the authority it's not just fair. |
|
| 67:03 | what's different used every every system airport correctly. Cool. The standard algorithm |
|
| 67:14 | a single bit there correction and double action six. Sure. As you |
|
| 67:23 | the mothership would take it that the correct if it's a single failure and |
|
| 67:29 | earth to this that are corrupted local and said mr more aggressive but we'll |
|
| 67:36 | So by adding and nice chip you actually get no correction different 60 to |
|
| 67:45 | to this one anyway. So it more or someone memory my inbox about |
|
| 67:57 | . So rank. Summer memory is collection of temporary six that matches the |
|
| 68:07 | with. So how these things are put on this memory circuit courts with |
|
| 68:19 | as different so yeah. Mm one surf reports Does contain enough tips to |
|
| 68:32 | 64 bits. It's known as a right? Yeah. The force is |
|
| 68:41 | one instance of 64. They may fact Not been opted on one |
|
| 68:51 | Four of them put me on one and four on the at the same |
|
| 68:55 | . So that's why it's still a rank for this. The double cycle |
|
| 69:00 | of the singles. Right? And you can also use one side for |
|
| 69:08 | of delivering 64 bits and also have other side of this car, The |
|
| 69:13 | of delivering 64. So then you two ranks on this side. Uh |
|
| 69:23 | that's also speak. Still depends what quarterbacks. So in total you have |
|
| 69:29 | sets of chips. H 100 every 40. Mhm Oh so that's kind |
|
| 69:39 | in terms of the packaging, it not necessarily help your performance once both |
|
| 69:45 | your time today. Um Right, think I've already said this thing, |
|
| 69:52 | then in order to come back to , but it's basically then which rank |
|
| 69:57 | going to, So mm the circuit that supports, you know pcs or |
|
| 70:06 | ? Uh There is remember channels and for a number of these themes on |
|
| 70:12 | member of channels, but the members only talk to one of the |
|
| 70:19 | So even if you may have four under them, you have to select |
|
| 70:24 | from your own stuff because they share member of challenge, you don't get |
|
| 70:30 | business than the channels, they can do 64 bits of the time, |
|
| 70:33 | though that they may have capable of more than 64 based on the fact |
|
| 70:43 | this is just a little bit exercise to potentially choose uh The width of |
|
| 70:50 | memory of the you want times four 8. And it depends a little |
|
| 70:55 | what memory capacity because typically you get else Mhm when you get to today |
|
| 71:03 | Obama has something that is wrong with audience And they can begin at times |
|
| 71:07 | times but the number of bits on . Memory die. This is independent |
|
| 71:16 | candidates I can put out. So is if you have someone get a |
|
| 71:22 | and there's times eight we need eight these two things. Think of |
|
| 71:26 | Uh cool if it's times four and gigabit and 10 $16. So it's |
|
| 71:34 | traitor. Yeah he has a little on another piece of it looks like |
|
| 71:42 | of the dollars in this case the three memory channels top of the line |
|
| 71:48 | . They for memory channels and it's that yeah two or three team starts |
|
| 72:01 | each channel on the surface that's not crossing that something important. Yeah. |
|
| 72:10 | if you want my memory is the finding all the possible it's not said |
|
| 72:15 | have. Uh huh. But it out if you do that you can |
|
| 72:20 | not run the memory channels at maximum because the electrical load is too |
|
| 72:26 | So that's why you end up with kind of trade off at once. |
|
| 72:30 | big. Uh huh. Know about but in that tends to be a |
|
| 72:36 | of the US. So and it matter what survive The memory that say |
|
| 72:43 | rated for 1:30 MHz. Uh So about three of them into the same |
|
| 72:50 | channel to see the U. For profit. Does it doesn't I |
|
| 72:54 | want to it's not going to do full. So that's why he wants |
|
| 72:58 | sometimes and crying and use the copy some other tool to figure out what |
|
| 73:06 | say and what they actually what grade for the member given the conversation has |
|
| 73:10 | used because it's not necessarily want specification because the spots other servers coming. |
|
| 73:23 | in this case you can see it company conflict really universal. Almost a |
|
| 73:36 | of two users to find the function the number of in the province of |
|
| 73:41 | . Oh okay thanks. Already said and this this is the picture on |
|
| 73:47 | case. That's processor use often. I think that's kind of what they |
|
| 74:01 | to by the time of the doctor . All right. Uh And that's |
|
| 74:14 | problem business. And so it depends the server board used for the server |
|
| 74:22 | that's uh Something you can choose. service. Uh huh. Couple of |
|
| 74:30 | spice in terms of that report. running signals on the board between the |
|
| 74:42 | over to the state there is energy and it's also somebody can affect |
|
| 74:49 | Okay. To turn on things but definitely affects the power that means many |
|
| 74:56 | a better applications. You don't use way of integrating members. You're actually |
|
| 75:02 | soldier is directly on to the Mhm. So this is what done |
|
| 75:07 | this case. So this is quite . That's where the memory chips |
|
| 75:12 | Uh the other people Uh huh based and there are disappears or process. |
|
| 75:22 | of course you lost the flexibility stuff want to upgrade your memory and sold |
|
| 75:27 | and go back. In terms of . You have the flexibility of considering |
|
| 75:34 | this modular system embed and you should use it for energy reasons. And |
|
| 75:42 | this is the way things are being recently in order to both retired members |
|
| 75:48 | the words energy consumption for using So in this case, what has |
|
| 75:54 | some on the right hand side of side is that interposing there's a piece |
|
| 75:59 | ceramic and on that piece of ceramic with both the processor, the specter |
|
| 76:06 | memory dice. And they actually respect right side here stop this staff work |
|
| 76:13 | day. All right, so and you get to talk to each other |
|
| 76:19 | really tiny holes uh sort of Uh Let's so the we get communication |
|
| 76:29 | between videos and so this is PSC through syria. Yes, but it's |
|
| 76:39 | funny. And because you don't need go off on the circuit board can |
|
| 76:47 | for wiring between the CPU and the stay. So here's a little bit |
|
| 76:56 | pictures emphasizing the same thing and there's little bit other reasons. So this |
|
| 77:07 | simple as that memory. Yeah, and uh and for the orbits and |
|
| 77:14 | simple and some of them the more And some of them are about 4000 |
|
| 77:26 | fires make every dispute. That is hearted in the traffic. So Compared |
|
| 77:32 | the eight China's on the server 64 the film. So 4008 times as |
|
| 77:42 | basically wires through the main my And because it's all in package, |
|
| 77:48 | can also run the test. So least that's why it's not upside |
|
| 77:53 | The memory is both white and operating better cocker. Mm Thanks to |
|
| 78:04 | All right. Um and you talk this life, the government. So |
|
| 78:15 | is especially the thing that they are between the ranks as I mentioned. |
|
| 78:22 | there's only one rank at the time and communicate to the memory channels. |
|
| 78:28 | you have to select. Trying to , we need to send. But |
|
| 78:33 | , I said rankle just called tips accents so that it's right. Scientific |
|
| 78:42 | , regardless of many starts to you can only have big friends remembers |
|
| 78:49 | . So I figure it's best of rank. Where does the battery drain |
|
| 78:55 | ? Across meetings Or on the So I'm sorry, three days a |
|
| 79:07 | . So that's kind of an The host four. So and it's |
|
| 79:16 | else did I? Okay, so . Yes. Coming back to some |
|
| 79:21 | across the examples ahead before. So me Mhm more uh should be. |
|
| 79:29 | this is also I think a process we talked about it. So I'm |
|
| 79:36 | controller a good place. We have memory controller of each primary channel that's |
|
| 79:43 | typical uh execution academic or is normal . Uh one memory controller for a |
|
| 79:59 | of memories channels. And then this more of a typical server than to |
|
| 80:06 | in his fund Asus two. Then control us and I will stop with |
|
| 80:10 | side if uh the show you know to talk a little bit more about |
|
| 80:20 | . So this is mainly what whatever produce it needs to figure out the |
|
| 80:25 | since most of the time this correspondent china uh frank on this channel |
|
| 80:34 | Mm hmm. Right. And you to do it. So then once |
|
| 80:47 | is set up one Center up tips the dr then the rest of the |
|
| 80:53 | that's the neighbor was inside the And that's what I'm talking about. |
|
| 80:58 | huh turns out that Oh Iran Random access memory. It's not at |
|
| 81:08 | . So it's about so the performance can get from the Cold Defense very |
|
| 81:14 | . You also accessing them not only catch on but even how your assessment |
|
| 81:21 | can have a protection. Very beautiful of. So next somehow talked about |
|
| 81:30 | incredible. Yeah. Okay. Well . Yes. What? Why? |
|
| 82:00 | . What? I don't know Yeah. So construction according. |
|
