| 00:02 | Bye. Ok. Ok, Uh welcome. A few people showed |
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| 00:16 | . Thank, you know, it's not very nice out there. So |
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| 00:21 | try to get out of here sooner than later to uh get on that |
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| 00:26 | , right? Um So today, we're just gonna finish up diseases that |
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| 00:33 | been talking about. And uh only that's left to do in terms of |
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| 00:38 | . So you get you four quiz tomorrow, uh a couple mastering assignments |
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| 00:46 | on Monday. Uh that wraps that . Uh So remember the um at |
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| 00:52 | evaluation as well. So if you done that, um, make sure |
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| 00:56 | do that, uh It will be through Monday midnight. Uh And |
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| 01:02 | um, so remember, uh this exam is gonna be uh remotely |
|
| 01:08 | So, uh and I'm gonna send , you'll be sick of the |
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| 01:12 | I'll be sending you, but just remind you, ok, that exams |
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| 01:16 | be remote and to do that practice , practice test. Ok. Um |
|
| 01:24 | uh some people have done it so , it's working so that uh so |
|
| 01:28 | at least from how I set up my end, it's working because those |
|
| 01:32 | have gone in there and, and it, I was like, |
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| 01:35 | as of about an hour ago, like three people tried it and they |
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| 01:39 | , they were successful, they took quiz and so their system is working |
|
| 01:43 | the cam webcam, et cetera. , so I know then that, |
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| 01:46 | tells me I set it up correctly you shouldn't have any issues. So |
|
| 01:50 | you do have issues it, it's related to a technical thing with your |
|
| 01:55 | . Ok. Um I found uh I asked if somebody has technical |
|
| 02:01 | who do they contact. So I there's a live help thingy in the |
|
| 02:07 | , uh lockdown browser dashboard thing, there's also you can contact, |
|
| 02:14 | and I'll send us an email as . Uhit, and I honestly don't |
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| 02:18 | how much help they are, but was, that's what I was told |
|
| 02:22 | you to, to contact them and I'll, I'll put this in an |
|
| 02:25 | tomorrow. So, but do that practice testing. Um You've got, |
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| 02:30 | , like I said, it's gonna open through the, the 11th. |
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| 02:35 | for the next 10 plus days, can go in there and do a |
|
| 02:39 | , you can do a bazillion times again, the sole purpose of that |
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| 02:43 | just to a, that whatever computer gonna use, that's what you wanna |
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| 02:47 | is do this test, practice, on the computer you'll be using for |
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| 02:53 | , for example four. Ok. , uh, you may end up |
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| 02:57 | computers for, for whatever reason. if you, if you know that's |
|
| 03:00 | be the case then test it on computer too, right? So whatever |
|
| 03:04 | , whatever possible computers you're gonna be , tested on that, test it |
|
| 03:07 | there. Ok. And the main is to beyond making sure everything's functional |
|
| 03:14 | to ease your mind. So you know, because you don't want |
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| 03:17 | have issues on the 12, So you wanna make sure that |
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| 03:20 | it'll take some stress away from you well knowing that. OK, I |
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| 03:25 | it 100 times. It's all Let's go. OK. And then |
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| 03:29 | that that usually happens when that's the . It doesn't work on the |
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| 03:32 | but hopefully that won't be the But no, so just, just |
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| 03:35 | ease your own mind, make sure functioning and good and do that practice |
|
| 03:39 | . OK? Um OK, I that was it. So let's uh |
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| 03:44 | into this the sooner we start, sooner we can get into Houston |
|
| 03:48 | right? So um ok, so , I know I sound like a |
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| 03:53 | record here, you know, and completely up to you how you do |
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| 03:57 | 2021 through 26 material. Um So remember the test is 1820 18 and |
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| 04:04 | . Remember 18 was like the vaccine uh 20 antimicrobial drugs, but those |
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| 04:12 | weren't that lengthy. OK. um so, I mean, it's |
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| 04:16 | , manageable. 15 is also a of that as well. Um So |
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| 04:21 | , 20 the diseases, OK. With the diseases, to me, |
|
| 04:26 | a question of just organizing all this , right? That's why I, |
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| 04:30 | suggest a table format. It's up you how you gonna do it, |
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| 04:35 | you know, make a table at relevant information in there, what you |
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| 04:38 | to know and then kind of that's your, your guide there, |
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| 04:43 | Just kind of hammer on that table however you're going to do it. |
|
| 04:48 | uh we've got, and so as you can see from uh the |
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| 04:53 | pages here that it's only selected diseases looking at, right? So certainly |
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| 04:58 | every single one in all of these , right? So stick to that |
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| 05:03 | uh that plus the exam for stick to that if, if you |
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| 05:09 | the book, you know, certainly that because it will keep you from |
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| 05:13 | into areas you don't need to read or that aren't gonna be covered, |
|
| 05:17 | ? OK. So what we have wrap up are basically uh these, |
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| 05:25 | , right here. Part two. . And so we start with um |
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| 05:34 | . OK. So the vaccine uh , I assume most everybody has received |
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| 05:41 | they were younger D tap, So the D talked about the d |
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| 05:47 | time we ended with diphtheria last time that's, that's uh it's basically against |
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| 05:54 | , the uh toxins. I So. Sorry. TT is for |
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| 05:58 | . We talked about tetanus already. is for diphtheria and P is for |
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| 06:04 | , pertussis toxin. Ok. And , um that's, you know, |
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| 06:09 | other word for that is whooping cer . Ok. So it gives you |
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| 06:12 | because of what it damages in the . So it's an upper respiratory tract |
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| 06:17 | starts out like many of these respiratory as like a sore throat, maybe |
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| 06:24 | cold symptoms, these kind of Uh but then progresses uh too much |
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| 06:29 | . Ok. And so uh I all these respiratory infections, your, |
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| 06:34 | one of your main uh defenses is right here? Ok. So that |
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| 06:40 | of Celia you have in your Ok. Uh mucus you produce, |
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| 06:48 | . That combination traps microbes, the of the Celia gets it out of |
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| 06:53 | system, ok? From not getting your lungs, making it much |
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| 06:58 | Ok. So it's, it's a important one that you rely on. |
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| 07:03 | . And this um organism has a , actually damages, kills the cells |
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| 07:10 | have those Celia. Ok. So sated cells and nonsedated cells you have |
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| 07:15 | your throat and the sedated ones of , uh are part of that |
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| 07:20 | Ok. So initial, the initial stages of infection, I guess that |
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| 07:26 | of mimics somewhat of a cold m symptoms, coughing perhaps. But during |
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| 07:31 | time, the meters in their colonizing growing uh producing toxin and it produces |
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| 07:38 | a couple toxins and the tracheal cytotoxin the one that affects the Celia. |
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| 07:43 | . So when that happens, and mechanism is really impaired, right? |
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| 07:48 | so if you can't like expel this , then you begin to cough |
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| 07:54 | Ok? And almost like you're choking fluid to some degree. Ok. |
|
| 08:01 | um that, so imagine if you're a little baby, right? And |
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| 08:07 | having these violent coughing uh fits, ? That's what we call the paroxysmal |
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| 08:13 | . Ok. So the carl stage what I mentioned resembles kind of mild |
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| 08:17 | symptoms when the bacteria are in they are colonizing, growing through this |
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| 08:23 | toxin that the uh karal stage, then the toxin builds up enough and |
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| 08:27 | the effect that you then enter the stage. And so uh paroxysms are |
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| 08:32 | of like um violent um uh spasms the body almost, but you're sure |
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| 08:38 | coughing, you have this fluid build and, and you can't get it |
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| 08:41 | because these CV aren't working. And it, it, it produces this |
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| 08:46 | whooshing sound in people that have That's where the whooping cough comes |
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| 08:50 | Very characteristic sound for that disease. But if you're like a little baby |
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| 08:55 | you're having these violent coughing fits, can translate into having neurological issues because |
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| 09:01 | brains in, in the in the is like it's going, being violently |
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| 09:05 | , right? You shake a baby cause the same thing. And so |
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| 09:09 | can be bad enough for the coughing , can cause neurological damage to the |
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| 09:14 | . So, so it's, it's nothing to fool around with |
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| 09:17 | obviously. So, uh, but course, if you're vaccinated, you're |
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| 09:21 | against this. But, uh, are instances here and there where that |
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| 09:26 | occur and you do see cases of . Ok. Uh, so |
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| 09:30 | um, particularly, uh, risky damaging to an infant potentially, but |
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| 09:36 | know, adults can get it Ok? And so you can |
|
| 09:41 | uh so I, I glossed over , I need to mention that. |
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| 09:44 | you have that toxin that affects the cells and you have the other one |
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| 09:49 | it can then kind of get into system and throw off the um pertussis |
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| 09:53 | that gets into the blood and that affects protein synthesis. And so that's |
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| 09:58 | kill cells too. So it gets blood, it can affect other vital |
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| 10:03 | . So it goes, it can beyond just a respiratory issue to systemic |
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| 10:08 | of issue. So, um but , vaccination can prevent this. Um |
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| 10:15 | an adult, uh you can, can come down with this too. |
|
| 10:20 | um I was gonna say was, know, having to, you |
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| 10:25 | I'm sure, you know, if had a bad flu and you're coughing |
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| 10:28 | lot, right? As a result that takes it out of you. |
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| 10:33 | ? And if you have this kind coughing spells and stuff going on, |
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| 10:37 | really takes it out of you. . So it's no surprise. It |
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| 10:41 | take weeks or months to kind of get over this. Um, if |
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| 10:45 | had it. So, um, again, like I said, |
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| 10:48 | vac vaccination can, uh, prevent . So it is one of those |
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| 10:53 | three that you get vaccinated for as little kid right along with the diphtheria |
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| 10:58 | um tetanus. Ok. So the , the, ok, pneumonia. |
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| 11:09 | pneumonia is one of those conditions that different microbes can cause it. |
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| 11:15 | You can see a list right right? Everything from um, |
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| 11:20 | bacterial, of course, various bacterial , fungal types can cause it. |
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| 11:24 | , I think there's even some protozoal can cause this, um, and |
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| 11:30 | as well. Ok. So like a, a number of infectious diseases |
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| 11:36 | these gastrointestinal uh respiratory uh uh right? Viruses can cause all three |
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| 11:44 | those. Yeah. But the viral tend to be the more lesser problematic |
|
| 11:51 | forms of the disease. Ok. it becomes bacterial that it gets much |
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| 11:55 | . Ok. And that's uh true pneumonia. So the bacterial pneumonia much |
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| 12:00 | in a viral form. Ok. in fact, it's typically a viral |
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| 12:06 | illness like a cold or a flu first occurs and, and then |
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| 12:12 | a secondary infection comes in which is worse and it's typically pneumonia. |
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| 12:17 | Uh, caused by this guy. , streptococcus pneumonia is the number one |
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| 12:23 | of, of pneumonia. Ok. so it has a very um thick |
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| 12:30 | capsule around it. It um it uh other various factors. It has |
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| 12:38 | components in its cell wall. I even know this, but it's called |
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| 12:42 | lysin. When it, when it's , it can cause inflammation. Um |
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| 12:48 | so, of course, like most illnesses uh either droplet or airborne |
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| 12:53 | Um The and so the typical scenario is let's say you have a |
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| 13:01 | ok? And so or even a cold. And so with either of |
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| 13:07 | , you can't treat it with right? You just have to like |
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| 13:10 | the week, 10 days of, illness, right? And then you |
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| 13:15 | better. So during those 1012 what is your, what is |
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| 13:23 | what are you typically told to do those 10 days? You can't do |
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| 13:26 | other than lay in bed and, do what rest take lots of water |
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| 13:32 | , right? So, um and of us don't do that, |
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| 13:36 | We do drink some, but we don't drink enough. And so I |
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| 13:39 | I don't, so um uh so , but that affects the mucus from |
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| 13:44 | mucociliary escalator, right? So mucus a part of that, not just |
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| 13:48 | so, so if the mucus the uh and it's not the right |
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| 13:53 | but I think of viscosity like right? Thick versus thin, |
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| 13:57 | more viscous, less viscous, that's of so the mucus can, that |
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| 14:02 | happen as well. So, if , if you're dehydrated, then that |
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| 14:06 | isn't the right consistency to work properly part of that mechanism. Ok. |
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| 14:12 | that's, so you, you have coupled with you just coming off having |
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| 14:16 | flu or cold. So, your system is a little bit depressed, |
|
| 14:19 | ? And that's when, uh, streptococcus pneumonia, which may be in |
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| 14:24 | throat. Ok. Uh, now comes in. Ok. And |
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| 14:29 | gonna be much worse than, than flu or virus. The flu or |
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| 14:33 | just had, uh, because it get into the lungs. Ok? |
|
| 14:38 | if that eco cli defense is not , right? So, um, |
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| 14:43 | in the lungs, it, so your lungs have, um, |
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| 14:50 | , you know this, of the, the, the blood vessels |
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| 14:53 | into those little alveoli, right? where the gas exchange occurs. |
|
| 14:58 | So the, the ST uh streptococcus get into those alveolar cells that are |
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| 15:03 | that vicinity. And, um, , and so you do have like |
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| 15:10 | that are kind of like floating around your lungs. Uh, remember the |
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| 15:13 | , fixed macrophages. So they, have types that are called, they're |
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| 15:16 | alveolar macrophages. So they're sitting in and then when they encounter strep |
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| 15:23 | then of course you have cytotoxin inflammation , right? And so the staph |
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| 15:28 | to multiply as you see here, . Here's a, here are |
|
| 15:31 | So the, remember the inflammatory response the neutrophils out of the blood right |
|
| 15:36 | the area to fight the infection. remember, not just these come |
|
| 15:41 | fluid comes out, right? So when you get fluid, build up |
|
| 15:43 | the lungs now because of this And so that is, and so |
|
| 15:47 | what you, this is kind of it up a little bit but you |
|
| 15:49 | kind of a grayish, a hazy here. That's the build up of |
|
| 15:54 | . This is somebody that has ok. And most commonly it affects |
|
| 16:00 | 11 lobe or the other. It's not, not common to have both |
|
| 16:05 | of the, uh, of the affected at the same time. It's |
|
| 16:09 | low bar pneumonia. It affects one the other. Um, and so |
|
| 16:13 | , it's, it's not uncommon if get pneumonia to be, have to |
|
| 16:17 | hospitalized. Ok. And so provided , um, may, may be |
|
| 16:23 | bad as getting a help breathing Ventilation, too kind of thing. |
|
| 16:28 | , um, uh, so, , it's nothing to fool around with |
|
| 16:32 | what can happen if you don't treat , um, it can progress to |
|
| 16:38 | because that this, uh, streptococcus is like number two in terms of |
|
| 16:43 | meningitis right behind mysteria. So, , so you don't want to fool |
|
| 16:48 | with this, you know, a little linger because that potentially could |
|
| 16:52 | as well. And I think I'd have pneumonia than meningitis. So, |
|
| 16:57 | . But, but the point is treated and so, and antibiotics are |
|
| 17:03 | , um, vaccine. Oh, me? Vaccine, uh, |
|
| 17:08 | is recommended for people my age. . So, um, typically, |
|
| 17:14 | , I don't, I don't think have underlying conditions but, um, |
|
| 17:19 | old folks do and so they can more susceptible, you know, suppressed |
|
| 17:23 | system, susceptible to, to, getting pneumonia. So, uh, |
|
| 17:27 | vaccine is actually fairly effective as So, more, not for you |
|
| 17:31 | , but more for older as you 50 I think, or more they |
|
| 17:35 | you get the vaccine for pneumonia. . Uh, ok. Any questions |
|
| 17:41 | pneumonia? Open t ok. all right. So, yes, |
|
| 17:48 | memorize this obviously, but it's just example of, of, of so |
|
| 17:54 | disease. Ok. Other res another illness. Um, this is, |
|
| 18:00 | always, um, a few 1000 a year you'll see in the States |
|
| 18:07 | you can almost always trace them to , an apparatus containing water. |
|
| 18:15 | And so very commonly, as you in the underlined, uh, terms |
|
| 18:21 | , hot tub, uh cooling uh, pool, hot tub |
|
| 18:27 | uh water system. So, showers, uh, the, |
|
| 18:32 | especially if old shower that's not used often, like maybe in a gym |
|
| 18:36 | something like that. But uh mo often also it's a hotel. |
|
| 18:42 | And occurs through the ventilation system. . And so the, uh, |
|
| 18:48 | there's cases every year. Uh, is from 2019. I like to |
|
| 18:52 | looked at 2023 and there is the list of cases now is that they |
|
| 18:58 | tend to be outbreaks of like, of people getting, coming down with |
|
| 19:02 | . It's more like 6 to 12 what have you. But there are |
|
| 19:07 | and there where you can get more . I think there was one that |
|
| 19:10 | in August in Poland, right? , where waterline was attributed and like |
|
| 19:16 | and 60 something people were affected with . Um, so it can, |
|
| 19:20 | can vary. But inevitably, as Hotels are very commonly, you find |
|
| 19:25 | in our pools, hot tubs, like that. So, so |
|
| 19:28 | what is it about this organism? . So it's a, so the |
|
| 19:32 | pneumonia, right? So, the one we just talked about was |
|
| 19:37 | . That's your quote, typical Ok. Think of it as the |
|
| 19:43 | form of pneumonia. The atypical ones may have heard the term walking |
|
| 19:48 | That's kind of what, what this into, right? So it can |
|
| 19:51 | not the, not the worst forms the disease, but more, you |
|
| 19:57 | , you still have like a throat coughing, that kind of thing, |
|
| 20:00 | it's not as debilitating. Ok. , like with many of these, |
|
| 20:05 | you, if somebody who's compromised gets , it can be of course, |
|
| 20:10 | , bad in them. But, , so there's other, so |
|
| 20:14 | mostly um the, the non streptococcus , pneumonia are called kind of the |
|
| 20:23 | or walking pneumonia forms. Ok. , so this guy is one that |
|
| 20:29 | uh found a lot. I I places in nature. Ok. Uh |
|
| 20:35 | um negative, it ha it is and there's an an invasive type. |
|
| 20:41 | remember your invasive types that they live of a cell uh either permanently or |
|
| 20:49 | or to hide out from the immune . This one is actually found in |
|
| 20:52 | in Amoeba. Very common. This Amoeba, which are the cells inside |
|
| 20:56 | it. OK. And so um like I said, a very common |
|
| 21:02 | mode of transmission is through an H system. OK. So, without |
|
| 21:08 | into the engineering of H VAC let me just simplify it and say |
|
| 21:15 | you get cool air from an AC your vents right, through heat |
|
| 21:21 | right? So in big res big operations like U of H where you |
|
| 21:26 | the things on top of the right? It can be a cooling |
|
| 21:30 | that the water in there. Um like coils that come through and the |
|
| 21:35 | uh water miss is created evaporate. evaporative cooling occurs and air is going |
|
| 21:42 | it. And so it kind of cool the air. And so in |
|
| 21:45 | air gonna be tiny droplets right of water. OK? If you don't |
|
| 21:51 | your water tower and its holiness, ? And, and like uh empty |
|
| 21:57 | and disinfect it. Ok. Regularly , um, you can, it |
|
| 22:02 | become contaminated with the steria in that . Ok. And so you can |
|
| 22:08 | then in a hotel, uh, air is flowing through, right? |
|
| 22:13 | the vents and all the rooms that potentially be carrying, spreading that listeria |
|
| 22:18 | legionella. Ok. And, making people sick, of course. |
|
| 22:23 | . So again, the worst, worst ones affected with this are gonna |
|
| 22:26 | older individuals compromised immune systems, Already underlying conditions of some sort. |
|
| 22:32 | so, in fact, that's how was really um uh found uh |
|
| 22:38 | so to speak. OK. I'll that in a second. So um |
|
| 22:42 | couple of things. So remember, the legionella is one of those that |
|
| 22:46 | the invasions, right? So remember there's a few pathogens we talk about |
|
| 22:50 | are like that. Um We'll talk a couple more in the that cause |
|
| 22:56 | infections. So remember the ones with invasions have those proteins that they can |
|
| 23:01 | into a cell and makes the cell of engulf them and take them |
|
| 23:06 | right? For the purpose of the hiding out from the immune system, |
|
| 23:10 | ? And or to then gain access other tissue cells in the body, |
|
| 23:16 | ? And so this is one of that can do that. Um |
|
| 23:21 | so again, so kind of this kind of discovered, I mean, |
|
| 23:24 | were aware of the generic disease before , but I guess it wasn't that |
|
| 23:29 | of a thing. Ok. We isolated small issues here and there. |
|
| 23:35 | this was one where really, because made the cover of Time magazine, |
|
| 23:39 | ? So this is like 19, this is 1976. Ok. So |
|
| 23:44 | is pretty much, this is how was, um, how this outbreak |
|
| 23:49 | about was kind of pretty much like perfect storm almost. Ok. |
|
| 23:52 | number one, it happened in the , right? So 1976 ask |
|
| 23:59 | I guess, grandparents, um, , uh, that were around in |
|
| 24:04 | . That was a really big year the US. It was a |
|
| 24:08 | right? 2/100 anniversary of, of , right? So lots of stuff |
|
| 24:13 | planned all across the country, Especially in New York, Philadelphia, |
|
| 24:18 | ? Liberty Bell, et cetera. , um, uh, there's also |
|
| 24:23 | you're a fan of Creed movies, first Rocky movie was 1976. It |
|
| 24:28 | out big deal. Um, uh, so anyway, uh, |
|
| 24:35 | , so, American, if anybody's with American Legion, you'd know that |
|
| 24:39 | are like war veterans, right? means they're gonna be old, |
|
| 24:43 | And likely with heart conditions and whatever , right? So in it's |
|
| 24:48 | So you're gonna have the ac right? So they all come into |
|
| 24:51 | hotel, right? And, it's already gonna be a iron |
|
| 24:56 | right? You can already see So this, it was all traced |
|
| 25:00 | one hotel. Ok. And so 100 and 82 attendees um contracted |
|
| 25:11 | disease. Ok. That's a Ok. In that hotel, like |
|
| 25:14 | and 82 people in the hotel coming with the disease, almost 30 |
|
| 25:18 | Ok. So it was a big and um, they traced it eventually |
|
| 25:24 | water cooling tower. Ok. And , system was not maintained well. |
|
| 25:30 | so you have that organism being spread the ventilation system and being spread to |
|
| 25:36 | lot of old dudes, right? various immune compromised immune systems likely. |
|
| 25:41 | so, uh not, not a scenario. Ok. So, uh |
|
| 25:47 | , for most of us, the systems, we get the milder form |
|
| 25:51 | the disease, um or cold flu , and then we're done with it |
|
| 25:56 | that. Uh but again, if , you know, compromised can be |
|
| 25:59 | worse. Ok. And so, , it does, it's not, |
|
| 26:04 | streptococcus pneumonia is number one. This further down the list in terms of |
|
| 26:09 | . But, you know, like said, you're gonna, you'll see |
|
| 26:12 | like I saw you saw in the slide in different uh uh throughout the |
|
| 26:17 | you'll see at different times probably So during the summer, uh people |
|
| 26:22 | more uh again, hotels, that kind of thing. Um And |
|
| 26:28 | it is treatable with antibiotics. So , there's not a lot of resistant |
|
| 26:32 | out there. So, but it, it's something you see cases |
|
| 26:37 | this every year in these kinds of . OK. Um So if you |
|
| 26:42 | a hot tub, maintain the disinfect properly. Ok. Um OK. |
|
| 26:50 | I think I answered this one a minutes ago. So let's see, |
|
| 26:55 | respiratory and, and you have the there right for you. So go |
|
| 26:59 | and pick d because it is but the viral forms are typically the |
|
| 27:07 | so bad forms. OK. Um , this will take us into digestive |
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| 27:19 | . OK. Um OK. All . I wonder if it would be |
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| 27:39 | . 100%. I bet not. me see. OK. Counting down |
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| 27:49 | the food. Yep, I have . OK. So, um |
|
| 28:00 | also, I think I mentioned also meningitis is also one that you can |
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| 28:03 | a number of different causes there. viral form is not, is used |
|
| 28:07 | the more the least problematic one. . So, OK. So, |
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| 28:14 | of these is um so we you know, digestive system, digestion |
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| 28:21 | in the mouth, right? uh problems with your teeth be they |
|
| 28:27 | um uh plaque on your teeth, ? So, Streptococcus mutans is uh |
|
| 28:35 | that forms biofilms. So deck strand basically just the polymer of glucose. |
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| 28:41 | . And so it can uh ferment and it's a fermentation action which is |
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| 28:47 | be a acidic. OK. And acidity can begin to wear down the |
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| 28:53 | on the teeth, uh creating plaque makes it holds right, the tooth |
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| 28:59 | cavities in the uh teeth. Um certainly streptococcus mutans is not the only |
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| 29:06 | in your mouth. Obviously, there's of different types in there and others |
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| 29:10 | to this problem as well, but the ability to form a biofilm, |
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| 29:14 | kind of and you, I of us wake up, you |
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| 29:18 | before we brush our teeth in the , you have that kind of filmy |
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| 29:22 | on your teeth. That's, that's guy or, or and others related |
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| 29:26 | it doing this biofilm formation. um the uh so as we go |
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| 29:33 | the mouth into the gut, then of course, there's several um |
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| 29:39 | . Uh so these are gonna be course, food borne illnesses, uh |
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| 29:44 | drinking contaminated water, right? Is you get these. Um and of |
|
| 29:49 | , we've all experienced this at one or another. Um the effects of |
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| 29:54 | I tract upset, right? dehydrated loss of water, diarrhea, |
|
| 29:59 | ? That's common symptoms for, for these. And so of course, |
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| 30:03 | can get worse than that. Blood be involved. Um Severe abdominal cramping |
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| 30:10 | may occur. So you can get of the worst symptoms depending on which |
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| 30:14 | of pathogen you're dealing with here. And so viruses, again, the |
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| 30:19 | common we've all heard of stomach flu attributed to a virus and Coronavirus very |
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| 30:26 | uh especially in um uh especially like daycare setting, these little kids pick |
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| 30:31 | up. Um, the, norovirus is one very closely related to |
|
| 30:37 | . Uh, you, I'm sure heard of, uh, cruise |
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| 30:41 | right? That, that have had outbreaks and, and it's been many |
|
| 30:46 | . It, it's attributable to the norovirus. Ok. Um, |
|
| 30:51 | , uh, among the bacterial again, you need to get your |
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| 30:56 | forms of this if you see, , it's a dysentery. So you |
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| 31:00 | your sh yellow, dysentery. dysentery is one of the worst forms |
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| 31:05 | the, of G I tract That's where you do get kind of |
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| 31:08 | cramps and blood occurs and you get typically when it's through products of |
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| 31:14 | Ok. So she get toxin is uh or originates in shigella, but |
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| 31:21 | kind of makes its way around through conjugation. Uh but uh or trans |
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| 31:27 | uh transduction, I'm sorry through a . And, and these are all |
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| 31:30 | closely related shigella e coli salmonella, all in the same family. So |
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| 31:35 | kind of can, can share some these toxins. Um not everybody has |
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| 31:40 | toxin. So salmon and Tario does the salmonellosis. You see it often |
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| 31:46 | the uh poultry products, eggs, uh chicken, uh chickens can get |
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| 31:53 | and of course, we can get as well as a result. Um |
|
| 31:58 | these three, so we're, we're these into two groups. So this |
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| 32:01 | group here are the invasive types, ? Don't like, like we saw |
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| 32:05 | the region, right? You can inside of a cell. OK. |
|
| 32:08 | so they can use that. So seen this before, like the typical |
|
| 32:13 | , he's gonna be intestinal cells. various factors for these things, attachment |
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| 32:18 | intestinal walls is very typical. So is often the bell factor uh and |
|
| 32:24 | the attachment to intestinal walls can induce of an inflammation as well. And |
|
| 32:31 | if you if the cells begin to penetrate, right? And they kind |
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| 32:37 | use it as a springboard to get the rest of your body. So |
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| 32:41 | , right, your intestines are very of blood vessels, right? Because |
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| 32:45 | how you're gonna feed your tissues through to your blood, to the rest |
|
| 32:49 | your system. So you're gonna have of, lots of uh capillaries all |
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| 32:54 | around your intestines as well as lymphatic too. OK. And so that's |
|
| 33:00 | they can hitchhike get through, get your blood. I mean, because |
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| 33:05 | course, when that happens, that's bad. OK. And so, |
|
| 33:08 | know, uh uh sepsis can right? And um so remember now |
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| 33:14 | are all, you know, all negatives, right? So you could |
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| 33:18 | give you the endotoxin effect too. . So um the out so you |
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| 33:26 | have types that don't, that don't this um invade. So the this |
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| 33:30 | the, I always call this the E Coli, OK? The |
|
| 33:35 | So uh Frem Bria are very important this one. So sticking to your |
|
| 33:41 | , um the uh does have a and so the toxin uh can affect |
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| 33:47 | vessels and that of course produces the that you might see uh as part |
|
| 33:52 | the disease, um inflammation as And so that's what gives you |
|
| 33:58 | the really the worst effects is when toxin and the abdominal cramping and things |
|
| 34:03 | that. Um So with the OK, which has been implicated, |
|
| 34:10 | think uh it seems like almost every . But um uh with Chipotle, |
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| 34:18 | wasn't the meat, it was the of like the lettuce spinach, I |
|
| 34:22 | . Um and you know, well, because the 0157, the |
|
| 34:28 | for it are cows, OK? gut of a cow. Ok. |
|
| 34:34 | easy to see how you can get from contaminated meat because there's been, |
|
| 34:40 | know, instances where uh hamburger you know, from a fast food |
|
| 34:46 | has been eaten and contaminated 0157. um um that could come from |
|
| 34:52 | you know, a cow carry it not properly handled during, you |
|
| 34:56 | butchering process. So uh but produce can produce, be affected by |
|
| 35:01 | And so it's really because cows do obviously as we all do, but |
|
| 35:07 | have cow plops, right? And um irrigation so you may have |
|
| 35:12 | nearby water runoff can occur uh affect crops and you have to think about |
|
| 35:18 | are the number of, what are number of hands that this goes through |
|
| 35:22 | it ends up on your plate, ? People picking it going to a |
|
| 35:27 | then to the next stop, the stop and then to you, |
|
| 35:30 | So uh several hands if you you know, properly, wash the |
|
| 35:38 | when it gets to you. So is why maybe you buy, |
|
| 35:42 | whether in heb or pro or And even if it's been washed, |
|
| 35:46 | it again, right? So you never know. And so because |
|
| 35:51 | been cases of, of, of those as well being contaminated, |
|
| 35:54 | And so um always wash your produce that reason. So um so with |
|
| 36:03 | the uh so mo so the times been talking about are ones that you |
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| 36:09 | in ingest, OK, whether contaminated or food. OK. And so |
|
| 36:16 | uh pathogen types are built to uh it through your gut, make it |
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| 36:22 | your system because you know your of course, very acidic in |
|
| 36:26 | right? So, bacteria have to able to withstand that if they're the |
|
| 36:29 | that get into your intestines and cause , right? So they gotta be |
|
| 36:33 | for that, that kind of that environment, right? So, |
|
| 36:38 | but there are types and the the example is this guy, right? |
|
| 36:43 | Staff Aureus, which we saw in context of skin infections, OK. |
|
| 36:50 | and soft tissue infections. This one um can also be caused in uh |
|
| 36:59 | uh issues, ok? Through its . Ok. So, Staph being |
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| 37:03 | your skin mucus me his nose, ? So somebody preparing food, um |
|
| 37:11 | wearing gloves, ok? You can staff in the food, ok? |
|
| 37:15 | then the staff can grow and leave toxin. That's the other reason to |
|
| 37:20 | foods um during food preparation. one work gloves, but refrigerate having |
|
| 37:26 | at proper temperatures, right? So you have it sitting out, |
|
| 37:29 | and, and you prepare the then that room temp will allow staff |
|
| 37:33 | grow. Ok? And they leave the toxin. So you get sick |
|
| 37:38 | uh from the staff, not from cells ingesting them, but from the |
|
| 37:43 | left behind on the food. So uh they're kind of one of |
|
| 37:48 | oddballs that don't, you have to it, you just have to take |
|
| 37:51 | the toxin and leave behind on the . Ok. So we talked about |
|
| 37:56 | bacterial. So there's many protozoal types cause G I tract infections. Uh |
|
| 38:03 | is probably the, the most uh one worldwide. Uh There's also um |
|
| 38:11 | the other one? Uh uh amoebic, amoebic dysentery is another |
|
| 38:20 | cryptosporidium is another one. But Giardi probably of all three of those, |
|
| 38:25 | more common worldwide. Um The uh like protozoans in general, they can |
|
| 38:31 | have these complex life cycles where they have different hosts and things. Um |
|
| 38:37 | term here, troops, uh you need to worry about that. But |
|
| 38:42 | again, like a, it's a stage for the organisms. They have |
|
| 38:44 | feeding stage, a reproductive stage, other stages. And so you can |
|
| 38:50 | of have some complex cycles but they uh the, the ones that cause |
|
| 38:55 | I tract infections tend to have this form. The cyst, right, |
|
| 39:00 | of kind of analogous to a Ok? Not as resistant, but |
|
| 39:05 | does have a level of resistance. that, that's typically how you get |
|
| 39:08 | is through ingesting the cysts, which are dropped, which are typically |
|
| 39:12 | feces. Ok. And so whether in water, what have you, |
|
| 39:17 | ingest it, the cyst attaches to intestinal wall and begins to, |
|
| 39:22 | I'm sorry, the cyst germinates more less then sticks to the, your |
|
| 39:26 | . That's the trophic. So, course, it's feeding there, |
|
| 39:30 | And that can cause inflammation and then effects of, of G I tract |
|
| 39:36 | . And so, um, uh had one experience with this. |
|
| 39:41 | I didn't ingest it, but my did. Ok. So if you |
|
| 39:44 | to a dog park, be aware that. Ok. So everybody picks |
|
| 39:47 | after themselves after the dog and he , I think, stepped and then |
|
| 39:52 | and then there you go. And that next 48 hours were horrific. |
|
| 39:57 | . So a dog that bowel movements working. Right. Unfortunately, has |
|
| 40:02 | go outside. Can't stay in the . Right. So, that |
|
| 40:05 | but I was amazed how fast uh, I went to the vet |
|
| 40:09 | they gave me, uh, what's Metrodin or something. And boom, |
|
| 40:13 | seems like in two hours it was a change. I was amazed how |
|
| 40:16 | that drug worked. But, the very common one they use for |
|
| 40:20 | protozoal type things. Um So, but again, all these G I |
|
| 40:27 | infections we've been talking about for most us with, again, healthy immune |
|
| 40:34 | , we get over it, And so literally, literally with the |
|
| 40:38 | I tract infections, it passes, ? Uh It may take a few |
|
| 40:44 | but you get over it. Without, without any issues. Um |
|
| 40:49 | you don't need to give antibiotics because of the time it's viral in |
|
| 40:53 | OK. And so, um unless are experiencing like fever, um |
|
| 41:01 | OK. Uh the really worse then that may be an indication. |
|
| 41:07 | is um uh bacterial in nature, protozoal in nature, then you would |
|
| 41:13 | given particular drugs for that. But you know, accepting those uh |
|
| 41:19 | you just kind of go through it , and it passes. So what |
|
| 41:23 | gotta do is, you know, becoming dehydrated because the infection kind of |
|
| 41:30 | with the with the flow of right? So your intestine is really |
|
| 41:34 | large part about reabsorbing water, And putting it back into your |
|
| 41:40 | Um And so it's all about salutes osmosis, right? So the infection |
|
| 41:46 | kind of reverse that kind of Screw with that. And so |
|
| 41:52 | so you don't retain while you're losing actually. So the thing is to |
|
| 41:56 | yourself and get electrolytes. So that's of what the therapy is, |
|
| 42:00 | Just drink water. Um uh you , really, you know, cholera |
|
| 42:04 | a really bad form of this where can, you can literally dehydrate yourself |
|
| 42:10 | you lose so much water as a . So, rehydration therapy is really |
|
| 42:15 | in those cases. But so this what you did like drink water and |
|
| 42:19 | Gatorade, right? Or your favorite mixture. OK. Um So |
|
| 42:28 | this is out of order here. let me go start at the |
|
| 42:31 | right? Um Any questions about G try that or anything? OK. |
|
| 42:39 | uh syphilis is our only STD we're about. I think that's what chapter |
|
| 42:44 | is about. So with STD S contrary to popular belief, well, |
|
| 42:52 | a myth that you can catch STD a toilet seat. I don't think |
|
| 42:57 | , I don't think that's common at . Yeah, because they, |
|
| 43:00 | they easily dry out these types, viral or bacterial. Um They require |
|
| 43:07 | , the, the moist mucus membranes you find in, in reproductive |
|
| 43:11 | And so um syphilis is been around long time. Ok. Um, |
|
| 43:19 | there was a, used to have slide that said, um, what |
|
| 43:24 | these three historical figures have in They had a picture of Julius |
|
| 43:31 | Uh Ivan the terrible. Ok, in the Czar days, Russia, |
|
| 43:37 | , early 19 hundreds and Adolf they're all believed to have had |
|
| 43:43 | right? And I can see how Ivan the terrible and Hitler would have |
|
| 43:49 | that because tertiary syphilis affects your right? Kind of going a little |
|
| 43:54 | nutty, right? So I can that. Um but any case because |
|
| 43:58 | bans cases of syphilis, um actually your bones. I think that's how |
|
| 44:03 | can look at ancient bones and and they're scarring on the bones. That's |
|
| 44:07 | indication that they've they had syphilis. In any case, it's also one |
|
| 44:12 | those diseases where we have yet to able to culture this thing on a |
|
| 44:16 | dish, right? Can't grow it the lab still because if it's, |
|
| 44:19 | has some kind of weird growth we've never figured out but easy enough |
|
| 44:23 | identify through figure how it looks, ? So this is a spiral |
|
| 44:28 | right? Has that corkscrew shape to . OK. So it does have |
|
| 44:34 | flagellum. But remember the flagellum is floating around spinning freely, it's attached |
|
| 44:41 | both ends of the cell wrapped around body. And then when it |
|
| 44:45 | that's what gives it that characteristic corkscrew . Ok. That axial filament, |
|
| 44:50 | ? So, uh in early something they called primary syphilis. Uh |
|
| 44:55 | you initially contract it, uh you have visible lesions called shakers, |
|
| 45:01 | More visible on the male and But nonetheless, you can see them |
|
| 45:05 | within that material will be spiro OK. So you can take a |
|
| 45:11 | of that look under a microscope and see lots of spiral Keats moving |
|
| 45:15 | OK. And um the uh after few weeks it does disappear. |
|
| 45:25 | and then becomes, goes kind of . Ok. So this is |
|
| 45:30 | they call this disease. Uh, used to call it the, the |
|
| 45:33 | imitator because it, it disappears and comes back as a, as a |
|
| 45:39 | and, and the rash can appear different ways and different people, but |
|
| 45:44 | are a product of a lot of diseases. Both doesn't have to be |
|
| 45:48 | be an infectious disease. Like it be a, a skin rash or |
|
| 45:51 | , right? Uh, through uh allergies or what have you. And |
|
| 45:56 | , you know, if it gets secondary syphilis and you get a rash |
|
| 45:59 | out after, you know, it be like a couple of years |
|
| 46:02 | right? And so by that you may, you may have forgotten |
|
| 46:07 | you had this, had these, ? Uh, and so the rash |
|
| 46:11 | out, you go. Oh, . Well, what's this? |
|
| 46:13 | And so then the rash goes Ok. But certainly the organism is |
|
| 46:18 | deeper into your body. OK. really, it's the corkscrew shape that |
|
| 46:25 | it to penetrate your tissues easily. . Literally, that corkscrew getting |
|
| 46:29 | you know, through your tissues, . And so it's, that's what |
|
| 46:33 | doing, it's spreading and, and into your body further as you get |
|
| 46:36 | secondary syphilis, you know, I , and it is completely treatable through |
|
| 46:41 | . OK. And tertiary syphilis may about 25% of the cases or |
|
| 46:49 | uh proceed to tertiary syphilis, the your body kind of just takes care |
|
| 46:54 | it. Ok. Um Or you treated, but about a quarter of |
|
| 47:00 | go on to tertiary syphilis. And you don't really have any outward |
|
| 47:05 | at this point until later. neurological issues. So it gets into |
|
| 47:10 | central nervous system and affect your So by that time, you |
|
| 47:15 | that's, I'm not, I'm not if it's treatable at this stage, |
|
| 47:18 | maybe it is. But again, it's, it's, it's what's been |
|
| 47:23 | to those, you know, that gone mad, you know, they |
|
| 47:26 | , they've had syphilis, it's in tertiary stage. Ok. Um Congenital |
|
| 47:32 | , a pre a mother who had mother who has um, syphilis can |
|
| 47:37 | into a baby during the, during . Um, that can lead to |
|
| 47:43 | like a cleft palate, um um issues with his teeth, uh |
|
| 47:50 | things like that. Um The uh but again, it's, it's completely |
|
| 47:56 | . And, uh, it is of those unusual ones with that corkscrew |
|
| 48:01 | to it. Ok. So Trane is the name. Ok. |
|
| 48:06 | let's see the, ok, so we're gonna do now, if |
|
| 48:12 | if there's any questions, OK, gonna look at, uh, it's |
|
| 48:17 | 44 questions, I think. And it's meant to and you'll see examples |
|
| 48:22 | , of on the quiz. And the first couple of questions are, |
|
| 48:27 | like here's the organism, the does it match correctly with one of |
|
| 48:34 | features? OK. So those, one type of question. So we're |
|
| 48:37 | look at a couple of those. here's the first one. OK. |
|
| 48:45 | Let's see. Open that. There we go. So take a |
|
| 48:52 | , take a read. OK. one which is not matched correctly. |
|
| 49:07 | . Panic. I know. OK. And do not pick g |
|
| 49:33 | there is an incorrect match here. . So change your answer if you |
|
| 49:37 | g pause for a second. Let's half down 43, right? |
|
| 50:19 | . Let's see. So, um is C OK. So remember that's |
|
| 50:30 | B bola persus pertussis, pertussis is that kills ciliated cells. OK. |
|
| 50:39 | A BD and enf are all OK. That's one kind of |
|
| 50:45 | OK. So another one is What's common among certain types? So |
|
| 50:53 | the pathogens below which one or ones by an insect vector, an insect |
|
| 51:05 | ? OK. Mhm. OK. . It's counting down from seven. |
|
| 52:03 | . Ok. Ok. All over map. All right. So anything |
|
| 52:13 | a strep or a staph is not be insect vector. OK. Cry |
|
| 52:19 | Nope. So basically cry Ofac Materiali uh B Toller, those are all |
|
| 52:28 | human reservoirs. So, going from human to another. OK. Um |
|
| 52:36 | uh is found in water and be of the amoeba, but it's not |
|
| 52:41 | uh more passed through the air than else. OK. Um So you're |
|
| 52:47 | right to flee, right? jump around, flee from a |
|
| 52:52 | jumps to another host. OK. um d is the correct answer |
|
| 52:59 | OK. Um Many questions. Anybody me that any of these other ones |
|
| 53:06 | by an insect and if you find strap pass by an insect, let |
|
| 53:09 | know. OK. Um OK. this one again, another example of |
|
| 53:19 | of what is, what is uh example of connect, making connections |
|
| 53:27 | So you have like the straight, the bug, here's the pathogen. |
|
| 53:31 | the feature? Does it match? or no. Then you have types |
|
| 53:34 | previous question, this question. Um know what? So pets have things |
|
| 53:40 | common too, right? Whether it's how to transmit it or reservoir or |
|
| 53:46 | ? OK. So this is asking which um has the environmental reservoir. |
|
| 53:55 | that's soil water. OK. So know that. Um Yeah. |
|
| 54:39 | Let's speed this up a little All right. Count down. From |
|
| 54:54 | . So. Ok. Uh So uh human reservoir, rabies, |
|
| 55:05 | trip anma syphilis is humans, but and Listeria, those are either soil |
|
| 55:11 | water. Ok. So three C correct on that. Ok. So |
|
| 55:18 | that is it books. So, formal office hours. But all you |
|
| 55:24 | do is just shoot me an email you wanna meet the next day |
|
| 55:27 | or arrange a time. No And uh we will uh take the |
|
| 55:32 | exam. I'm gonna do that. |
|
