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GEOL6372 Petroleum Geochemistry - Day2 04-22-2023 PM
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00:00 About you about the source rock And I provide some a little bit
00:11 foundation and the knowledge about the how a sedimentary basin is in the marine
00:20 or continental Lucas basin, the organic will be accumulated. And what are
00:28 key controls are? And we know it determined by productivity. Yeah,
00:35 by the preservation and determined by the mine mine, which is associated with
00:44 sedimentary root. Just uh just remember three words, productivity, preservation and
00:55 sedimentary rich to keep these three key in your mind. And you just
01:03 about the, think about the What should we, what should we
01:07 about in the, in our, the slide in the morning? You
01:11 , there's many, many terminologies The one slide I I I emphasize
01:17 you is is I spend too much for that. Why, why not
01:23 again? Hm. Yeah, I . It did not really move.
01:34 me, let me stop it Stop sharing. And uh something
01:42 I will close some slides here through and I want to reopen the
02:26 Let me share. OK, It's, it's start sharing. And
03:14 the voice is there there, the that I OK. Great. And
03:19 this is one of the key we you to, you know, the
03:26 to understand it. And uh also this slide in your mind. It's
03:32 very important slides and that is what should build up the key foundation for
03:38 uh materials, what I presented this afternoon and I bring you back again
03:44 . You see we have a sedimentary matter and uh composed by the two
03:52 . One is instantly soluble organic Another one is the soluble organic
04:00 the soluble organic matter, which is B two and uh the insoluble organ
04:07 , which is a character. And this time the afternoon, I will
04:13 you how we can determine the sedimentary organic matter content. In other
04:21 we measure the organic matter content. also we will show you about the
04:28 the organic type affect the oil different type of organic matter, have
04:35 different generation potential for the oil. this is a to keep this,
04:43 , this in your mind. And let us look at the, what
04:49 want to think to do is for source rock analysis. The two very
04:56 factors parameters will me one is the organic carbon content, which is
05:05 So that you see the picture, are the called the carbon sulfur analyze
05:13 use it for the QC. Analysis also the sulfur content analysis for the
05:24 of samples for the measurement of First one is we the rock to
05:32 rock pattern mesh size is less than 60 mesh mesh. It's about 100
05:41 think it's about 100 micrometers the the of the particles and then loaded the
05:50 five mg of the chora samples into container. This container is made by
06:03 , it's uh by the ceramic but very porous. In in other
06:10 you know, if we, if look at this, this trend,
06:13 uh some small content, do those . Those are ceramic ones. And
06:19 you loaded your rack samples into this , the ones. And then what
06:25 do is that when we, because is a carbon, we want to
06:29 the carbon, there is one source the carbon except the organic matter is
06:35 carbonate itself. As what we know minerals is the or those, those
06:41 of things, those ones you have be removed before you made the total
06:48 , total organic carbon. Otherwise, everything will be mixed together. So
06:56 need to remove the carbonate carbon, is the inorganic carbon and it hydrogen
07:05 acid. The concentration of hydrogen is 666, the six N uh the
07:16 and uh use this kind of the the the ethic solution to react with
07:27 carbonate reacted with hydrogen chora will form CO2 and uh calcium chloride.
07:34 that, that is that the, make the carbonate reactor is uh a
07:41 to generate the CO2. In this , we can remove the inorganic
07:47 And then after that, the, solutions, you know, after we
07:52 the, the, the inorganic the solution is still in a basic
07:57 . Acidic condition, the P H is is low. So you need
08:02 rinse with your distilled water, the until you reach the neutral condition,
08:09 T H is close to equal to distilled water. This is another important
08:15 just to use that. And after , you dry it, your,
08:22 , your container at 80 degree C and and then do a analyze for
08:30 carbon. How we could analyze that is the next slide to that.
08:38 we remove the carbonate minerals and combust samples. After remove the samples,
08:47 we drive the samples and combust those in the presence of the excess oxygen
08:56 oxygen to contain the environments and the temperature, very high temperature that's 1200
09:03 C. And with, in the of oxygen, the organic carbon can
09:11 oxide as the into CO2 and we a gas phase, you know,
09:16 a CO2. And then we can the CO2. Use the that called
09:21 detector called the, the, the CD detector. The, the conductivity
09:29 uh which is uh installed in the carbon analyze So that's this is the
09:35 we got the, we got the to the QC uh measurement and
09:43 already show this plots about a higher yield and upon to the organic
09:51 you see that different formation, they a very similar QC content patch.
09:59 residual hydrocarbon generation potential is different. that cause this kind of difference is
10:08 because of the car type and the . OK. So that means that
10:23 know, we, we assessment of source rock four things is about organic
10:31 . We already covered that portion a . We know what that means to
10:38 the organic carbon is important, constantly . Because if we make a map
10:44 you've identified which area have a higher matter content and that is uh have
10:51 high potential for oil generation. And if that area is nearby the truck
11:00 that's high potential for oil can be each trap become an effective trap.
11:08 , the, the how the, the the those things and the organic
11:15 is not enough for us to assess source rock potential hydrocarbon yield based on
11:26 paralysis. And the P program can source rock which provide a very good
11:34 to assess the source rock potential and product types, I will introduce that
11:41 that the that in my, the of slides for for first part.
11:48 before I get into that, and let me check one more thing.
11:53 want to everybody wake up and instead the sitting there in, in
11:59 So let me ask you when we the, when we try to measure
12:05 source rock organic matter content, which step we should do? You need
12:11 remember what, please? Yeah. , I need to remove,
12:32 Yeah, we need, we need need to remove the carbonate carbon because
12:39 if we all everything at 100 1200 C that's very hot temperature. The
12:47 nature itself can be similar decomposed. , similar decomposed become C U two
12:53 well. So we will contribute to CO2 measurement. So we have to
12:59 that carbonate carbon by end of the is how we can remove the carbonate
13:17 ? He was a what? Use the acidic aesthetic solution which is
13:27 use a six N hydrogen color So the reason for that because the
13:36 acidic conditions, the carbonate can be with the hydrochloride to form the
13:43 In that we, you know, can remove the carbonate itself. Can
13:49 say that? For sure? Your uh you know, it's bad.
14:02 me see uh how, how I give you examples because the if you
14:07 run the analysis of our source rocks , put your shells, it's uh
14:15 our ego samples. E is that, that's the shell oil would
14:21 and carbonate content itself can be reached to 50% to 6%. And uh
14:32 for the, our chromic based rock , a carbonate crystal content in some
14:40 can reach the contactless. Yeah. because we need to measure that the
14:47 carbon, we remove the organic carbon our, we have to remove the
14:54 minerals. Before we take a the way what should be made,
15:00 the organic ma carbon is, you , we use the, prepare the
15:06 after remove the, the, the cabinets and uh let them be exposed
15:13 the very hot oven, which is 12,000 degrees C and in the presence
15:21 the abandon of the ox, oh the, you know, very hot
15:28 condition and a very abundance of So that's the, that organic carbon
15:36 be oxide boling totally completely to So that's still two, we can
15:46 that is how we get the organic . So this is the, this
15:51 the, this is the bottom I to, it's, it's, it's
15:59 OK. And uh that, that have this kind of ideas if you
16:06 a chance have a lab to, , to your uh to, to
16:12 organic organic lab in the, the, the University of they do
16:19 uh this kind of a little carbon analyzer. And you can, you
16:24 , you can have some uh take look and have some ideas how to
16:28 in particular if you want to be the the, the, when
16:33 you, you in the future, could become a petroleum geologist. One
16:39 the things that you want to let don't need to matter too much,
16:44 still need to measure the QC content your source. That is you,
16:51 , you understand that. Now the is the method that we use for
16:56 two C, the total organic carbon is OK. Yeah, this is
17:05 , this is important. I that's I want to review back a little
17:11 . And uh and see that as quantity of the carbon in Iraq,
17:17 including excluding climate minerals. So that the the measurement of the total organic
17:28 . OK. And uh I see for the deco measurement, we need
17:34 remove the carbonate minerals. How we the to the carbonate minerals use that
17:42 concentrated there. Hydrogen chora acid condition and reactivate carbonate. Make the carbonate
17:52 the complete reactor with the acid and CO2. And the next step,
17:59 sample is prepared well, remove the carbon. We come back the samples
18:07 at a very high temperature is 1200 C and in the presence of the
18:16 of oxygen and those at these conditions the organic matter itself can be oxidized
18:26 the CO2. And then we can the CO2. The equipment can measure
18:32 . In that way you get measurement call back, you can get a
18:37 of your organic carbon. OK. . And it's uh that, that
18:48 it, we only the organ carbon not enough for us to evaluate the
18:56 hydrocarbon generation potential. That's why that , we come here. You
19:02 it's uh we, we already uh this slide and let us show this
19:07 one more time for source rock And the fourth step, we need
19:13 measure the organic carbon. This is total, the total organic carbon
19:19 which is QC. And then the important parameters, we want to understand
19:26 the hydrocarbon generation potential. And uh is the paralysis method. I will
19:33 that one later. And uh another is organic type is those the organic
19:42 is is the oil Proco or Gas car. I will introduce more information
19:50 for the determined organic type and uh mature, we are not going to
19:59 too much today. But next we will cover the two, the
20:04 of generation at the action, making kinetics uh on the kinetic parameters.
20:10 then after that come up the estimation the volume of the potential source
20:18 And uh for the source rock you know, the see the those
20:25 left side is something we want to right side is something that the equipment
20:32 be a method we are using in organ matter richness or QC content.
20:38 will use a QC and N two or LICO carbon sulfur. Analyze what
20:46 just introduced that equipment before and the generation potential, we will use the
20:54 ever paralysis. Please please remember this that when we look at the organic
21:03 , the the richness we will use carbon sulfur analyze. When we look
21:11 the hydro carbon degeneration potential of source , there's one equipment called the rock
21:16 paralysis. And this rock of paralysis provide useful information about the paralysis
21:26 And uh I will introduce a, few more new terms called the hydrogen
21:32 oxygen index, which can allow us identify roughly identify current time. And
21:41 another one called the T maps that's a thermo maturity indicator. I will
21:48 the one and those things can be to determine the hydro carbon generation potential
21:58 the organic type. And uh in to do the very detailed uh
22:07 most reliable work and you need to your character or concentrate your organic matter
22:18 from your source rocks because we have about 5% or 10% or even some
22:25 them, less than 5% of organic in which the rest of them,
22:32 rest of them. They are all including the carbonate minerals and including
22:39 clay minerals, all those kinds of . And uh in order to do
22:44 collagen analysis, you need to removed the inorganic minerals with the chemistry method
22:55 , and the concentrates the organic matter is the character. And with that
23:01 , while after we concentrate the we can use Carro to run the
23:08 A which is represented elemental analysis. with that one include eventually including the
23:17 those kind of things. Carbon, , sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen is
23:26 elements, we will run the, kind of five elements atomic to the
23:32 the elements for the atomic concentration. those bounds can determine the Carro composition
23:42 the carro the maturity and uh for thermo maturity use the method. It's
23:49 we call the organic pet graphic which is the method that can be
23:55 for the organic thema, the It's uh look at the, the
24:01 of the to the rich, how the they cooked at the formation and
24:13 determine the volume of potential source rock the generation uh timing and the organic
24:23 and the texture into the, the information and the maturity versus the versus
24:28 reflections and, and uh some uh the transformation index. And this,
24:39 one and let me then, you , this is one of the other
24:44 we, we need to know now the sauce rock evaluation for the QC
24:52 for Q O C analysis. What we are using with T O C
25:05 , please. Uh Yeah, that's legal carbon software analyze. That's the
25:13 sulfur. And you know, we to remember something that is really useful
25:19 that should make us to we have the, the, the, the
25:25 up that once we have some terminology uh and then we can build up
25:32 kind of communication, common language. , that's that for Q S
25:39 Remember that we need to remove that , the mineral mineral cabinets use the
25:48 color acid. And then after we use the equipment called the li
25:55 sulfur analyze to measure that measure the that the organic matter how to do
26:03 is uh at very high temperature condition 12,000 degrees C. And in the
26:10 of the abundance excess of oxygen and organic matter can be oxidized by the
26:18 into the CO2. Those C U can be measured in the lico carbon
26:23 analysis. I think that is that is the, the that's the
26:28 part of the things I want to . Understand. Yeah. And also
26:34 that and this we are going to , this, we think we are
26:38 to be our final test because that something as you can uh uh after
26:45 finish the petroleum geochemistry class, at , at least you, you have
26:50 know that if you want to devaluate source rock, potential, source
26:56 there's two parameters we need to One is the total organic matter
27:05 There is a richness of the organ our and uh the method which we
27:13 there is will be removed as cabinet but a acidic acid which is a
27:21 chloride and uh I have to remove carbonate minerals. We will use the
27:30 samples. Put it, loaded it the uh the, the small and
27:37 the samples into the very high temperature . It's a 12,000, 1212 100
27:46 C in the presence of excess That's as the organic much carbon into
27:55 CO2 become a gas phase on those phase become measured in a equipment called
28:02 carbon sulfur analyze this, this this , you definitely need to know it's
28:10 this joke. But uh after this , you, you will when you
28:13 to the people and say, you say the organic carbon good
28:17 how you can manage that? That true. I I definitely want to
28:21 know that OK. And the second , yeah, please. Yeah.
28:30 . Second part is about the potential generation potential of your source rock.
28:39 is what we use the source analyze the source rock analyzed. We
28:47 a name called the rock Ever paralysis . Remember that called the rock Ever
28:54 measurement. So how we can get is that, you know, we
29:01 the samples in the this time, patter heat. Here we heat samples
29:08 the absence of oxygen and measure the evolved S one S two S3
29:20 I mean the great step step by to introduce this kind of parameters.
29:26 and uh through the time people develop this paralysis equipment equipment have rock.
29:35 first eight, the top is very early stage. That's a
29:40 have two and then go to six now become another one called the
29:48 Yeah. The, the improvement is the, the I I will introduce
29:55 electron in improvement they made from two Hawk equipment. OK. It's
30:05 It's a very important message. I to, to know that we do
30:10 source rock evaluation. We want to the hydrocarbon generation potential of source
30:20 And uh we will run the soft analy analysis. And you use a
30:28 and paralysis method to measure the evolved when we hit our source rock.
30:41 ? And uh when we hit the , we do not really use the
30:47 as a carrier gas. Because of , because of what please, because
30:53 what if we use the oxygen. happens if you use the oxygen?
31:02 we hit the rocks, if we use the oxygen, what will
31:13 Our, our will be because you an oxygen there or will be
31:20 So that's that when we heat the for source rock analysis, use a
31:24 kind of method. It's uh with rock without the presence of oxygen.
31:36 . That is a, that's an message I want to. Do you
31:40 that? Yeah. OK. By will, I will give you that
31:46 small interpretation letter about this three picks that means. OK. OK.
31:59 this one, you know, we a hydrocarbon generation potential and uh the
32:05 the rock management the samples, rock , we do not really remove that
32:13 kind of cos they don't need it remove the cabinets and rock samples pour
32:22 less than 60 mesh sites. And with her wrong 100 mg of samples
32:33 heat samples in the absence of the and measure the S one S two
32:41 S3. OK. If you look this graph, look, look at
32:47 graph please. We have an oven that shows in a red color and
32:55 our samples, our samples will be into this organ and then we gradually
33:05 the temperature of the oven. We the heating profile. It gradually increase
33:12 temperature of the oven. And then see that when the temperature lower than
33:18 300 degrees C, we found the peak of the hydrocarbon releasing. The
33:28 for the arch is because, you , we have a soft rock in
33:33 geological conditions. The source rock because the temperature, it's increased some degree
33:42 some portion of organic matter has been to the ionic gas. So those
33:50 , some portion of the oil can absorbed on the surface of our rocks
33:56 residual oil still retains in the whole of the wraps. And those are
34:09 gene that those represent the generate the in the subsurface. Ok. Let's
34:15 the, give the long peak, we increase the temperature to the 300
34:22 C, we over the, the of the peak comes out, which
34:27 the peak. So that's the, the long here that's the called the
34:33 called a thermally extractable. Had. what that similar extractable hydrocarbon says means
34:42 we heat the heat samples all heated to 300 degrees C. And then
34:49 see that some hydrocarbons we can simulate and become a gas we can detect
34:59 our, in our rocket paralysis. me bring, bring you one more
35:06 about to the, the bowling Yes, we have a bowling point
35:11 . Do you, do you remember they have a bowling point on them
35:16 X axis? And we have a number and the excess as we have
35:23 frequency that is uh in a wide . Yeah, we see the curves
35:30 is uh let's see the, the oil. They have a different kind
35:35 the curves. When, when I is if we have a lot
35:39 if we have a light oil, uh before the 200 degrees C boiling
35:46 . What a curves look like? you, you told me a curve
35:50 this. Yeah, the car many , the high carbon, less than
35:56 , less than $10. And uh I ask you about that? We
36:02 normal oil? The normal oil have car number is less than 15.
36:09 car? Ok. Yeah, and see if we have a, the
36:18 that have a number and what we like those are the, those things
36:27 not uh similarly decomposed. All these is his behavior change has been from
36:37 the caron gases but still the C C H C C 14, C
36:46 C 30 C 30 just the, C C 30 and at room temperature
36:54 are liquid but you heat it he it up those, those liquid
37:00 a gas. So we can we that the or that's called bowling
37:06 Yeah. Bowling point. When we about bowling points, that means that
37:10 free is from a decrease become a . They do not treat chemically,
37:17 do not change. Does this behavior ? So that's why that, that's
37:23 this, this, that we teach sample to 300 degrees. That is
37:33 oil you the actually that's, that's on paper out of the,
37:48 actually the, the, also the, the previous photograph you I
37:53 showed up i organic matter and uh by the two portions. That's why
38:02 called, is called a bit another for the in what that in this
38:12 ? Because that one is uh when picture ours to the temperature 300 degree
38:20 those, those uh become a the become gas. And then we
38:29 , we have in our system. at the 1st, 1st pick,
38:36 . Yeah, and then definitely, is, is that Adam happens from
38:46 character. What that means what means ? The only decomposition is the chemical
38:58 has been break down. They have molecules, you know, they have
39:03 molecules like a very big part of is like the I I and eat
39:37 you eat it. I what What happened will generate will generate
40:05 the product we had um we had old, old guests. So that's
40:12 , that's a lot of but uh the the product I guess so that
40:33 it a car. And uh which uh which is if you look at
40:41 temperature, this temperature is getting Yeah, the kind of those are
40:47 two peak, you feel the the one peak is similar extractable organic
40:57 In other words, if you hit temperature to the 300 degrees C and
41:03 some all or may, may be man, most of the will be
41:12 , become a gas and we can , OK. And uh after
41:21 and we know that in the organic , we have a car,
41:28 big molecules, it's a very big , mass mass, which can be
41:36 105 100 even even larger. And mass mass to our gas, if
41:42 look at the C X C uh hydrogen is carbon C edge,
41:50 is a, you know, carbon X carbon car. Yeah.
42:07 I guess, I guess. person I know. Ok. And
42:45 , ok, actually the, the, the, and,
43:00 I, you know, maybe the leave the S3 there, I
43:04 to do that. I will introduce , this, of course, that's
43:08 the max, which is the feature a field, which is the,
43:20 , the, you can see that increasing of temperature and then we see
43:25 peak come down. Yeah, the the pick we call the maximum temperature
43:31 a pyro system, the peak and data, this data very, very
43:37 , very use value. You see two useful actually give us an indication
43:45 the how much character is still potentially be converted to oil and gas.
43:56 uh there's max is an indication of I will, I will give a
44:04 bit more to the calendar, the , the other uh competitions which which
44:32 some of yes, most of the . Uh And then let me,
44:54 me ask you one more time again that. You see which one is
45:04 last it? Mhm increasing and uh the natural, last summer, that
45:34 the come out. Yeah. So is it he was you have
46:13 of their 35 less travel or That's why the increase and divide by
46:59 I and the reason for the the less the more stable I I want
47:25 show I want to create the, means if you increase your side of
47:34 side of the side of the Ok. Now I got the,
47:53 I am going to the oil it . Yeah, thank you.
48:12 And compare the, yeah, it's increase. I don't want that.
48:34 , that, that I, I that I was hurt one. They
48:48 a massive 405 100. Ok. , that is um no problem.
49:23 my God. Ok. Now we to be that we were thinking about
49:32 . Ok. Have a oh and and this different in power.
50:09 class. So can you borrow that ? Ok. And then if you
50:22 reach out? Yeah. What happens we increase that increase? I said
50:45 want you guys to get that because need coverage. Ok? Now we
50:56 and and so I like it uh , very interesting. So kind of
51:18 that's you you can go to that can go on the Yeah and uh
51:25 want to build this foundation this this of very easier understanding the the the
51:36 be able to decrease the and increase amount of and because of the
51:49 Ok. Now I think the reverse sign I know I love she have
52:06 it from a of the in other , in the total package experience
52:18 No, no, this is I the the coat and someone all the
52:39 . Ok. This guy, you . And so, so this is
52:51 , but the 400 degrees. And, uh, oh, this
53:10 a, uh, so it depends the lower immature immature that 0.5.
53:32 . You like that? I know kitchen. Yeah. And the last
53:47 , the last, what, let's to do that for laptop Bryant invited
54:21 alcohol. Ok. Is immature uh, having there's something in this
54:37 lower all that and all of you bye that the I'm pretty sure
55:09 0.7. If I take that the smaller because some, and
55:23 if I, if I, if launch, OK, you're gonna fall
55:45 the ground. The question is that question is do this. OK.
55:55 this is, that's the, the cause less oil and then I have
56:12 same information but really, really are time this, how long, what
56:48 I? Yeah. Yeah, it's thing that it's, uh, your
56:59 is right? OK. So what will see is that is very happy
57:13 very happy with, with all of . And this is a very,
57:18 , very important to all those OK. That I think,
57:49 because, because they, and some of the, some of the parents
57:59 been from the amount of the already generation potential, potential. That's
58:13 it was really different. Yeah. . I'm very happy for that.
58:24 molecules unable prejudice. Like it started become smaller Yeah. Yeah, it's
58:38 , I, I do understand that lot of them have some so much
58:53 , and um for example, and , this our, and then gradually
59:07 they, I 405 100 this And then if my, if my
59:47 experience more in the already, I three hours. Oh yeah.
60:08 and they decided this happen but the, this, this, this
60:27 then the increase and uh that makes future that sound like 613 and I
60:49 this uncle 0.3 power. Bye Oh ok. What you can see
61:39 am and the phone card is two . I am like the high
61:50 Oh in the that's why that's why have something for you here and then
62:17 have no idea you have no idea of the and higher potential which point
62:29 and, and once you kind of is a and then physically and say
62:52 , back so bye this corner for , in this corner, Robert's corner
63:12 and uh this uh yeah, the over there or bridge the so and
63:35 is yeah. And then if you to oil oil over there, you
63:53 what that is I and order, is not really even have a very
64:16 , very good and you need to some contribution, you make some contribution
64:44 the this area is that not that happen? This this is all I
65:08 how oh that's one, the Yeah. Think about that. If
65:20 can, if you can access, about the, the, the,
65:30 the cost you dollars million dollars. . Yeah. And uh but you
65:37 you have a oh um for the food is very small for us
65:55 because you can gain a lot of about what the potential, what the
66:03 about you thought and if you have knowledge that we have a much better
66:21 and much better understanding. And also , what do you guys do to
66:30 the data? I know. But , I think that I think what
66:38 what what you know show here, see that you need to have a
66:46 the old crop samples. See this kind of software analysis, you
66:52 use the craft samples. If you a product to the profile, you
66:58 the auto sample. In part, collect a very fresh auto samples.
67:04 know that organic matter is keep in , organic matter itself is not stable
67:10 the presence of oxygen. We know can be dust. So that if
67:15 sample is not fresh in particular you have erosions, all kind of
67:20 , you can significantly reduce, significantly your organic content. So you have
67:28 have fresh samples. Those are the , the one thing, 11
67:33 a second requirement. As I said morning, you collect the 5,
67:40 samples for the one intervals. Do only collect a one or two samples
67:45 the after one or two samples you have no ideas. This one
67:49 two samples is representative or not. that your sample representation is very important
67:57 representation. And uh those samples the samples of course, that the core
68:04 . Yeah, that's that is the one. But if you do not
68:08 a core samples or crop samples even the cuttings still works.
68:15 that, that is the, the first step. The second step
68:19 what you do is that if you a cutting, if you have a
68:22 , you need to wash your you need to pick you, you
68:26 to really pick by yourself and say some representative the particles in your
68:33 That's a representative that the formation because cutting is, it's actually the mixing
68:39 the maybe your 10 ft 20 ft of the and for your core samples
68:47 best I will try to say where call you catch them and then you
68:51 it, you drew the small portion samples, the powder and then you
68:55 run the analysis. What you can is you use the rock a equipment
69:04 they can get you, you pour your samples to 60 the mesh size
69:10 you get 100 mg of your raw samples. You don't need to
69:14 the coins. The reason for that because the temperature is relatively low when
69:20 run this kind of priority work and samples in the absence of the
69:28 In other words, oxygen cannot become as a gas. You need to
69:33 helium or other gasses kind of gas measure the S one S two and
69:37 two S3. OK. So you that and uh in the back of
69:44 wild animals, they have a temperature max and uh come to S3
69:54 this, this graph this to make make you misleading because this one that
70:01 , the, this, this line the line and the SPS two peak
70:07 detected by the one, the, , the detector called the T F
70:14 . The flam detector, which is for the detector, hydrocarbon gasses.
70:23 another detector called the T CD detector C detector actually is a good to
70:28 the, the, the co2 non gasses. Yeah. So that's uh
70:35 then I have one more time. have uh we have oil, we
70:43 oil, you can the, all aroma but they have a for
70:58 the which is know as all, for a month don't have uh and
71:28 , this time, I know, know the other people like the people
71:54 the, so all of your profile , and the Children having a moment
72:17 that is a of the what we , we have to receive, receive
72:36 one detector. That's why we see we, we split the samples into
72:44 two detectors. One go to the ID detector for the flam ionization
72:53 One go to the CO2 detector is , the, the, the,
72:57 TCP. And so that uh 300 C up and uh we measure the
73:06 which is the X one K and C U two which is the S
73:10 S3 P. Yeah, that's So that's why the S3 CO2 from
73:17 organic while the student to release earlier to the fact or like actually that
73:31 very simple, very little bit of chemistry, carbon bound group can be
73:40 can be released at a lower because song is a weak. So that
73:50 the kind of the technology what I to introduce to you. This is
73:56 important. I know, I I it's the, it's a little bit
74:00 for you to get it. But hopefully that kind of the very rough
74:08 things can give you some uh some some kind of help for your understanding
74:16 then we come up with the So those are the S one S
74:21 S3 and T M X. That's four key parameters we get from rock
74:31 . We have to know, we definitely have to know what each
74:36 mean asthma. That is thermo hydrocarbons referring the geological conditions, the source
74:48 generator oil at given geological press temperature . OK. S two which is
74:57 hydrocarbon cracked from the couch which is source rock hydrocarbon generation potential.
75:07 in other words, they still have to generate the oil and the gas
75:12 a given pressure to the source rock . Those things is not really converted
75:21 the oil yet. OK. Let's that the S3 which is CO2 from
75:28 some of decomposition and the T max temperature of maximum yield. And then
75:40 come up with three derivatives. You the hydrogen index, we call the
75:46 index. That is the S two 100 divi by the two C.
75:52 means the S two normalized to the . We look at the hydrogen index
75:59 index that the S3 times 100 divided two C is uh gene to CO2
76:07 is a carbon oxygen contained the groups the and uh the amount of that
76:15 by two. Yeah. And then have another parameter called called the production
76:24 and which is the S one divided the sum of S one and S
76:35 . This is uh this is very part and uh let me, let
76:40 know what questions you have. OK. So let me check one
76:54 time before we take a break. . Yeah. And uh my
77:04 my question is why the T mass S two peak can reflect, can
77:13 us some information or provide some information the thermal maturity of organic ma
77:44 Uh It actually still, you I, I, I think
77:51 uh, this is a very uh, things that help us
77:59 It's, uh, because we increase so, but become smaller and then
78:17 , um, that's why. Refer . I, I'm talking about
78:38 I think that the, the point that, is the increase of
78:46 is there any? That's, that's , yeah, think about that.
79:08 you, if you have a, you increase your stomach to the
79:33 That you know, unfortunately, somebody, somebody thought was and then
79:54 the four hour but you understand the try to, what is my,
80:34 the I a lot of help. , that's, that's very,
80:52 I think it's very, very important a lot of them. OK.
81:10 on my we on that, that or three or yeah, this is
81:21 that I just gave, it gave example. Yeah, not, not
81:27 for this here that what what if increase you if OK, support this
81:35 because if I look at this I say, OK, that is
81:37 immature or really mature source. Because this law, that one is
81:44 law that means that in the geological do not really generate too much
81:51 And uh also have a S3 S3 actually a carbon, sulfur, carbon
81:58 group which, which group is still really release out at time that most
82:05 this is this the high. it's still in the high lower subur
82:13 . And then if you look at graphic one more time, if you
82:18 to the oil window, go to oil window samples what this this pixel
82:24 like? The three still looks Yeah, like uh it will be
82:35 higher because the represented the oil generator the subsurface conditions, this one will
82:44 much higher. How about S3 S3 be almost no longer exist. Three
83:00 be up. The reason for that because we know that S3 is the
83:07 of the almost immature stage. So even the Carro is not really start
83:14 enrich the oil oil significantly yet. that if you see the S3 peak
83:20 your samples, I suggest that you have a, you have very
83:24 sue to the very low. We to reach oil window. You already
83:30 in the total condition. You see open system that has already passed the
83:35 , release, the release the That's, that's, that's CO2,
83:40 , the carbon oxygen group has been out. So that's why that,
83:46 that should be should be in the or even deception. And of
83:52 this peak will be lower uh built there are significant conversion of the S
83:59 peak in a condition to one Yeah, it's uh I think it's
84:10 little bit harder but I will, will went through like more details about
84:16 things in the after our break, us have a break please. That's
84:30 . And let us start. And I just introduced the, the source
84:39 analysis which the rays this very important . And uh there's a little bit
84:48 details about this technology. What you see that there's two graphs here.
84:54 see that is we have a, , the temperature increase in profile with
85:05 with time. And you can see this, this, this range range
85:10 a volatile of the existing sorry existing , which is the S one
85:20 And uh this one is a paralysis the carton. It, you see
85:27 with increased temperature for from 300 to degrees C and uh detect the hydrocarbons
85:37 this yellow peak. And this, one is actually the start to reduce
85:43 temperature and not really exactly corresponding to peak. This peak. What you
85:47 see that S3 peak is actually in lower temperature range released of the CO2
85:54 is trapped and then can be ana , that's the S3 peak. And
86:02 this, this shows the increasing of and those, those are the three
86:08 here, you see that that's called releasing trap, the CO2. And
86:18 for here, it's the, we talked about the S one S two
86:22 on the T max and the S3 one P could get a little bit
86:26 more information. It's the harder thermal . It's uh actually, I think
86:32 thermal extraction, actually the right word use it instead of thermal decomposition should
86:38 the, the all the here actually a thermo dis option. The dis
86:42 is good. It's actually that's uh to the thermal extraction at 100 to
86:48 degrees C. And the S two actually the P at 300 degrees to
86:54 degrees. Yeah. And uh CO2 is released during the paralysis. Let
87:03 continue to, to see the that the, the use the S one
87:12 S two together, think about the the generator oil at geological conditions.
87:24 . As free oil and the S , which is the signature oil from
87:30 current cracking, use the work. if those two plus together add to
87:38 , the, the, the total oil should be generated in from a
87:45 rock. So your and the different different authors uh different company, they
87:53 it to evaluate uh the source You see that in the, on
87:59 , the, the, the method say, OK, if this number
88:06 less than two or whatever, I two mg per gram of rock that
88:13 not oil sauce. And uh also , the, the for the oil
88:20 gas sauce and uh from maybe from to 5 that's fairly good. And
88:29 from 5 to 600 that is uh good sauce rock and greater than 100
88:39 per gram rock actually is an excellent rock. So you, you just
88:44 some ideas about this things. It's different uh authors, different company.
88:51 use a different uh the range to the, the what is good,
88:57 , excellent and fair source rock. this cannot really see too much,
89:04 maybe you can see that. And , you can see so that the
89:12 axis that the organic matter is in logarithm organic content Y X is that
89:19 total hydrocarbon generation potential, which is S one plus S two uh
89:27 the together the, the units that medium miligram hydrocarbon program rack. So
89:37 can see that actually, it's uh really good linear correlation and between the
89:44 matter and the total uh hydrocarbon generation various of the best. And uh
89:54 is a good, good way to identify the source potential.
90:02 you know, that's the, the content that generation, which is the
90:10 one plus two and over this everything at the bridge, then two
90:20 gram carbon and the and uh go the here, you know that is
90:31 not so or you have a sauce is high and overcooked. And uh
90:41 do not really retain too much generation has also caused the lower the the
90:50 but the juicy. So those you cannot really use this this parameter
90:57 evaluate the soft potential itself. The for this area point for this
91:05 Yes, you can do that. , we bring this, this,
91:12 one back and, uh, I exactly know why they put,
91:17 bring this one back again. They not really, do not really see
91:21 much. But what we can see is for those 34, for the
91:28 different legs. And, uh, a two c content generation. If
91:35 draw a line or two many, legs and three legs all have a
91:44 good in the local. So I give you some, some ideas same
91:56 this one. And uh this is , some real paralysis plots and you
92:03 get it. And if you run samples to, to run the block
92:07 paralysis and you will get you this this red curve, a temperature
92:15 , you know that temperature several uh degrees, then gradually increase the temperature
92:24 the 600 degree. And then in 300 people, we see, you
92:29 , the 300 here and we see blue, blue blue line. And
92:38 this a really nice two chicken, think 5300 and 5400, 455 104
93:03 or 63. This, this sample actually very rich level, there is
93:07 peak of oil generation. And uh this is the statistical analysis that is
93:19 the 12,513 samples. And uh the, the new value is about
93:29 mg of rock for the general. what that means is that if the
93:36 you samples in the 1.5 mg hydrocarbons gram of the oil of the hydrocarbon
93:45 , it's not really good. So , when you got photograph, you
93:50 that the many things in this stuff is the the hydrocarbon potential is more
94:01 than this is 10 10 mg. I mentioned 20 mg is because actually
94:06 what we, you, you you want to look at if the hydrocarbon
94:12 is 10 mg or per gram Oh yes, the X is a
94:18 thanks. You see the most the of the to the, to
94:24 to the to the, to the . The yeah, we bring this
94:36 back again. We see the same content, different formations. There are
94:44 carbon generation potential which is the plus is different. Why that's different?
94:53 of the type, the type, different uh cause the difference of the
95:01 and some, this one shows the matter and the total generation potential and
95:15 three or two. Yeah, this is the, the red points that
95:25 higher price and the blue points which car and the miles in the
95:36 You see that the some, some have, I also have a higher
95:43 control which are also, this just the example of the Jurassic rock and
95:56 you know Mexico and you see that the content for the different formation or
96:03 region, the different region I and look at the index. So those
96:14 the, those are the two comma divided by the OK, really good
96:26 150. And uh all good type type two, we will talk about
96:39 and if you look at the, at S O is from 0.8 to
96:46 . What that means? What does one tell us? Yeah, but
96:54 teacher once you see that 0.81 point , what that means? Yeah,
97:04 mature, it's mature, it's it's reached the peak of oil generation
97:11 that's good. That's very good. that is I I just wondering why
97:18 still very high as two peak is high at, at this range normally
97:25 this range that are not this Yeah. No, I do not
97:35 an answer for that. Yeah, why I say that, you
97:38 it's uh like our basin samples. uh so much. It, it
97:45 in this range. But the hydrogen is that the initial hydrogen index before
97:51 cooking, the immature samples in a of 606 150 and uh once cooked
98:01 the geological conditions and the significant of organic matter has been converted to the
98:07 . That's why we have a significant of oil can be produced on index
98:12 reduce it to about 200 or So those are too high.
98:18 I cannot say that from a for production. Just a a and uh
98:28 think that is uh still same thing we see here. OK.
98:36 you know, before we get into organic type and the source rock is
98:40 effects on the product composition. And I, I want to check a
98:48 one more time about the our source uh evaluation and assessment. We will
98:57 the two important parameters to evaluate the rock. The the quality one is
99:10 organic type. Yeah. Why is organic content? Sorry, organic
99:17 which is QC content or getting much . Another one is a hydrocarbon generation
99:26 , hydro carbon generation potential. Let check with you and uh yeah,
99:35 . Same and right. Yeah. . Yes. Yeah, that is
99:44 why I wanted to to, that's I want to check how much you
99:49 it. Yeah, how much you it. So when we measure that
99:56 will see content. What kind of method for our sample preparation and what
100:08 we use for the QC content First things is about sample preparation.
100:16 method that we use for the prepare for the QC measurement? Hit
100:23 please. Great. Thank you so . You get that remove the single
100:39 carbon, which is the carbonate Thank you so much. And second
100:44 of the question is what equipment we using for the QC measurement,
100:57 What equipment? Yeah, the Yes, Lico, carbon sulfur analyze
101:13 the T O C measurement. What method when we measure the T O
101:17 W, what's the roughly roughly roughly the procedure of the method?
101:24 high temperature of that oven? Good. 400 U C. And
101:36 with, with the what kind of present presents? No, no,
101:44 , 02 is the product? it's with the excess of the 02
101:52 at very high temperature. That's 1200 degrees, almost 12,000 degrees.
102:03 . Ok. I think we got the fourth portion that is the organic
102:08 content uh measurement. That's the QC . You know, we, we
102:12 a conversation now I talk about Q C, you guys say,
102:16 what is T C? Uh that's . Come to the second part.
102:21 second one is about the hydrocarbon generation . What kind of the method we
102:31 for? Characterize the hydrocarbon generation Yeah. Uh first part is
102:46 We may use the paralysis to measure peaks, which three peaks.
102:54 S one S two S3. And please tell me which one, what
103:01 peak is represented for is to what oil. And uh gave me a
103:15 bit of more information in terms we use a term called the semi
103:23 oil. OK. That's great, know, free oil which is can
103:28 semi extracted, extractable. And uh temper? Hm. Yeah, at
103:43 degrees C as you know, we combine all this you, you,
103:48 understanding here is, you know, s two is free oil that can
103:53 similarly extracted at 300 degrees C so think it's good enough. Yeah,
104:01 good enough. Yeah. Ok. thought the world knows. Bye.
104:08 to 83 Celsius. So you, fact that confusing questions for next
104:18 we will, we, we will only you confused about that because we
104:24 about temperature, temperature, temperature is said temperature for the oil generation in
104:31 condition happens at eight degree on 70 C and why you talk about the
104:39 S two peak is greater than 300 C or 350 degrees C.
104:49 Yeah, it's uh you know, the, you are right. Uh
104:53 me, let me continue to follow follow the my question, I will
104:57 that question at the end of our is uh what is the S two
105:02 refer to say one more time? hear that it's H U X.
105:15 . That is a hydrocarbon yield from high carrot and cracking. Yeah.
105:24 . Great. And uh uh there's , another term that term is if
105:32 see the S two peak and the that peak corresponding to one temperature we
105:37 the T max, what TMAX means referring what T max good,
105:51 so much. If the higher TMAX referring the rock had been been
106:01 experienced the higher summat in the condition the formation. Yeah, remember
106:11 OK. And then let me further one more question if we have a
106:19 rocks, if we have a sauce from the same formation, but different
106:25 of the basin and some area, formation, a different location of the
106:34 some area have a higher chemo. area shows that lower T max
106:44 some area shows the medium mask What that indication to the oil generation
106:52 a subsurface for the higher TMAX values have a relatively higher potential of the
107:07 has been generated. Yet in that for the lower TMAX values indicate the
107:14 rack may be still not entered into oil generation window yet. Hopefully you
107:25 that. OK. Great. I that is the that is the key
107:32 that is the key message we learned the previous class. Yeah, this
107:38 very important. This is really very . Otherwise, you know, if
107:41 , if you confuse a lot, we come up with this, this
107:47 graph again. That's why I think graph is so important to answer
107:53 Now we come on. Come OK. We have a, it's
107:59 immature, it's about 0.55 at this mature range. This is the
108:08 And we have a really mature sample about the 0.68 and, and the
108:17 the old generation at 1.3. And I have converged, if I converged
108:27 number, you take the, the numbers here uh to the, our
108:34 max. Please give me a all high, low medium numbers corresponding
108:44 this three into three numbers, three levels for the 0.55, We will
108:55 to the lower mass values or corresponding the higher t mass value. Think
109:03 that when I ask him. So , no, no, no,
109:12 , it's uh yeah, that's a me, let me, let me
109:18 you, give you some something I, I, I,
109:26 we have, yeah, you 0.5 . Bye bye. Then I hate
110:08 because we know that and she was Yeah. Yeah, they have not
110:32 much. Yeah, but normally 304 going to the of the older generation
110:56 then it's the end of the so now I understand that the lower
111:19 yeah, I think, but now didn't and I was just seeing that
111:30 was like bigger than, but the as well. Yeah. Complicated
111:45 Yeah, I still make a picture I have that some, some still
112:05 in the future we have. Absolutely. Yeah. But this,
112:15 , this whole COVID increase of D increasing like to order what? And
112:39 that, that all the, and , for example, and uh how
113:20 smaller I know, OK. It , I think, I think that
113:45 a kind of a little uh confused I'm happy you, you, you
113:51 to that and uh OK, come your quest, come to your question
114:01 the, the accomplish. That's why OK. I'm, I'm very happy
114:06 , to, to put this here that, you know, people I
114:11 , OK, I know, I that and I increase the so
114:37 and the geological time this, this not and you, once you use
114:48 language, you have another, I , you know, the people,
115:01 receive the and uh reach that And then after that, which
115:20 the, the happens on the whole , the app. So that sold
115:29 picture, he sold the picture so the, the from the they do
115:40 in the so and so that's it generation companies of the people or,
116:09 so I put that one, I wanna see any of them.
116:40 put a conference. Yeah, we a and, and, and
117:08 this is a geological then obviously you see that or not. And uh
117:25 to the is not really, not enough for the that and um
117:57 And then, and then, and flow oh and then what is
118:29 oh I know. And those things in order to carry the generation of
118:50 , which is. But in the of so that if you look at
119:18 , they look at that, look the rate corresponding to the activation and
119:27 concept that the ratio we know Yeah. Oh If you increase the
119:57 reaction would be, yeah. And reaction, it also went to
120:07 if you, if you have a between, if you pick which the
120:15 , which lower speaking, which correspond the, the lower I react to
120:24 , the, the, the what means is if I have a very
120:38 degree, if I do that, I use the to what happens with
120:58 with this, the lower 2400 I reduce the rate rate to the
121:15 degree C per day and the temperature the. Mhm If I reduce the
121:29 further. So 0.5, um just on to see that the increase of
121:50 decrease call that our generation. That true. And then we want
122:10 OK. So it's 0.5 years, million years. That is the
122:20 I, but he isn't I, something? Oh, watch the show
122:48 yeah, that is really like We have very strong degree. Our
123:04 we have it is $100,000. That's , that's why I you but you
123:42 answer, that's why my question to end of our discussion. OK.
123:52 great. And uh what else? . Let, let's just go and
124:00 already show this slide with the the the car, you know, that's
124:06 means car carries the organic residues resulting the degradation and the po polymerization of
124:13 , algae and bacteria remains. That's we, we know that we are
124:19 show that on the organ matter through various of the bacteria, bio degradation
124:27 the biochemical processes and eventually become our . That is how, how the
124:36 is going on. And uh you that it's the organic match. This
124:40 is insoluble in organic cabins, is in the sedimentary rocks and may yield
124:48 hydrocarbons upon the thermal broke some, break down. We once you,
124:56 know, once we have some knowledge uh organic matter and some and uh
125:03 we read this, this this this about Carro become easier, right?
125:10 you read this slides of the of , what is what means? Now
125:16 , I think you, you will , oh yeah, that ever since
125:20 should we appeared here, you, , you think you easily, relatively
125:24 to understand it, right? that is the, that's the
125:28 that's the whole goal is here and , OK, I understand that.
125:33 means what means the current in soluble matter? You quickly come up with
125:38 kind of the answer and what it means preserved in the our and
125:46 which means Carro Carro can be similarly and uh with the increase of temperature
125:53 oil. And what process is that's the, that's the,
125:57 the the degradation of the all kind things that can be form the
126:03 You, you can be easily, easier to understand this slide. And
126:11 that is a very busy slide, it's really useful with that. I
126:20 about a lot about the molecular size the chemical structures of the character.
126:28 , you never see that. You see, I can, I can
126:31 the things. But you can see , you see that as we have
126:36 uh this called the or classification of matter. It's based on the current
126:46 . Look at the current type of , look at the current type for
126:51 and look at the current time about give them call the that is actually
127:03 , main original to that or And then here's the other a unique
127:14 as a character type too. If look at a little bit of chemistry
127:20 structure here, they do not have much double. Yeah, you see
127:28 the only one line that there's no to the double you have. Uh
127:39 come to the the fact that those of uh king couples. And so
127:50 you look at this, you you can think about that if if
127:56 decomposed all can become one, become oil components are all components is coupled
128:04 sa a reasons on the, you the SAS can be divided into,
128:12 , into normal. Perfect is a . And the Yeah, OK.
128:24 this means that this the the the can be broke down from here and
128:34 easily become oil. That's why this is the oil pro cap.
128:42 And uh under the microscope, if look at the organic natural,
128:47 like I'm not a really good This is called the organic cryptographer,
128:53 they can, they can under the , they can identify what kind of
128:58 organic uh precursors in there and then to the, go to this
129:06 It's the top two, you see there is the and the also portion
129:16 that is the a that actually the, the double bond here.
129:23 uh what that means is you break those kind of cup bons also can
129:30 oil. So that is also the top two is also good for
129:38 not here, the three which is a unique. You see that also
129:47 , the fracture, the, the chemical fraction, the the mechanical
129:53 is a is already to the So those, those things are not
130:01 too much hydrogen, it's not good the oil and some portion can release
130:07 it could be good for the the release the hydrogen and some kind
130:14 the, the the that the give some ideas of the character types.
130:24 , it's so that two type type two that oil proof those type
130:30 is not really oil, oil proof . And then if you look at
130:35 , look at the shapes of the matter on the microscope, you see
130:42 looks like no structures, no structure of the L G and the,
130:49 the bacteria looks like, but those some structures but not obvious like this
130:54 . This one is a uh like good materials, a pop and uh
131:07 , those are like the top of . I want to, to bring
131:13 through this one as well. You , top one at the Lucas algo
131:17 bacteria remains. The oil pro shell two is marine algo and the bacteria
131:23 the oil pro shell and top two at the sulfur contained uh which is
131:32 which is a marine carbonate algo and or pro shell. And top
131:38 that's a high plants that the like core materials. And uh that's the
131:45 car. That's why that, that's you see that differential living organisms will
131:53 in the different type of the And uh for the, for the
132:01 carro and uh that is equals to rich equals to oil proof. And
132:08 the wooden material reach the car, top three is a po Carro and
132:15 the gas pro. So, and here's another statement says the oil and
132:23 are formed by a thermal cracking of buried in the fine green rocks and
132:33 for the current types. And I want, you know that we
132:40 we can uh classified and divide the into three different types. And uh
132:49 is a very detailed things and uh still want to go through this slide
132:55 , that I, I just say on the for the different type of
133:00 under the microscopes, if you look the organic match type, more organic
133:04 types On the microscope, you can that the the the the structures of
133:12 matter on the shapes of organic matter different. And uh for the,
133:20 uh the they divided into the three group, four metal group for the
133:28 is the hydrogen oil pro and even . That's the hydrogen rich oil and
133:36 . And uh is actually is the oxygen region, the gas proof the
133:45 the under the microscope that the people easily identify the and uh in which
133:54 uh we call the data car. a carbon enriched with gas.
134:07 So I think this is a kind summary slides about uh the current type
134:13 can be top one which is uh is the, the pyro Carro is
134:22 under the microscope is amorphous organic It contains a high hydrogen carbon
134:31 The high leap the content is can deposit under the and the Lucas uh
134:38 basins have two collagen which is the of the and the L G reach
134:47 uh the, the car is de the in the, in the
134:53 near the near the shorelines and also , data systems for the top
135:01 This is the hero and the structure a and the have a lower hydrogen
135:09 ratios the and uh source from a . But this is all went through
135:17 sub. And uh for the top and top two car is mainly generator
135:25 . And for top three car is is not really have a good uh
135:31 to generate oil but can generate some once reach the higher. This is
135:40 source rock deposition source rock type. top one that the materials can be
135:50 in the like on the marine uh and which contains the lower gas to
135:59 ratios and also lower vaccine contents and lower sulfur contents, lower oxygen and
136:10 two oil, two kero, which the bacterial algae materials and put it
136:16 the marine anoxic uh conditions and the mainly from the and the plants and
136:26 reasons have more the rich two R . And uh also gene oil is
136:34 vy and high in the sulfur and moderate modi in oxygen and responsible for
136:45 almost 75% of the cruise on top , which is a gas pro is
136:52 of land based biomass, deposed under Lucas and terrestrial source and uh have
137:00 higher G R G R that's the oil ratios and high vaccine and a
137:06 sulfur and high oxygen responses to the than 5% of the cruise. You
137:13 see that the main source rack for oil generation that from the top one
137:20 top two currents. And uh this shows that how you can look at
137:30 soft rock types and uh under the , I don't think that is a
137:43 useful for us for us to, look at this one. This this
137:50 I want to uh let you let uh look at this, this one
137:54 little bit more carefully. And uh the for the reflection, the measurement
138:01 the whole rack me analysis. This for and for the is this the
138:11 of the the element is called the . No, this one is the
138:24 this graph of the versus the number the organic particles. The the and
138:32 you can see that wide range but moment range in a range of 0.5
138:39 0.6 or 0.6 to 0.7. So you can get a reasonable as I
138:49 in a range of 0.5 to So if the 0.60507 and this sample
139:02 been entered in a very, very generation and uh and then you see
139:10 see that. So this, this one is the report, this
139:16 show that the medium medium which is , the maximally is 0.73, number
139:25 the points the observed on the 37 is uh 0.5. And the,
139:35 mean of the indigenous which is about point six as you see that of
139:46 that could be in the very early a and there, those are
139:53 those are the, the, the that will report the, the,
139:58 , the 37 the points and that's number. And uh those are
140:04 those are the interpretation to that about level that that very much one and
140:13 hyper carbon generation zone is sort of a zone to early old generation and
140:20 confidence of level is high because they at the number 37. So this
140:28 how the they, they, this is the reflect that this is
140:34 , the under the reflect light, look at the, the and uh
140:41 better of the, the reflections, intrinsic. And uh this one is
140:50 the, is called uh the the matter. So the three,
141:02 all you look at the organ itself 5% and uh or no,
141:15 no. And uh I will 23% . So what should I say is
141:38 oil from percentage of the total organ is a really good that, that
141:52 some small fluorescent, both both and fluorescence of yellow, the quality of
142:02 sample that they report a good to and all the the teacher that is
142:11 and the organic matter content is me do not think they have organic
142:17 So the idea is medium actually based the based on the the they are
142:25 observation and the the low recycle What you mean materials in the United
142:34 , some organic matter. We we that we have a have a transport
142:38 organic matter from, from land. . And those transport, the organic
142:43 could be a high plants and also be uh all the rocks that contain
142:49 organic matter that can be recycled into river and bring into the ocean.
142:56 that is called uh material. Now do not really have a separation process
143:07 the additional here it's uh the it a calcareous shell and amorphous organic matter
143:20 dominant and occurs as a brownish fluorescent and mixed in the matrix mass.
143:32 more organic matter has a reflection. have reflections about 0.32 and some of
143:42 mineral and the golden yellow to yellow is distinct, which not is
143:53 bad, distinct and has a good surface. And there are also some
144:04 core fragments in that is a distinct well. That means that even the
144:14 the metal components, it's a very portion that can be clearly identified under
144:23 microscope. So that those are those of the additional command, once you
144:29 it will give you some uh better understanding about how reliable of this elements
144:40 . So that is the kind of uh report normally report, report to
144:48 test if they ask the organic pet to measure the and identify the metal
144:57 in your samples. Yeah. Let us continue. And uh
145:28 I spend more time on this the sheet because you, you may be
145:34 will receive this kind of report once receive the report and the you at
145:41 you know how to read this report each, what each portion looks like
145:49 , and you don't need to necessary , to remember everything what shows this
145:56 , just let you know that. once you once you really want to
146:01 the the people organic pictograph pictograph to analysis for your samples. And this
146:09 the kind of the report sheet that prior to. And uh you
146:15 you can make phone call to And if you do have any questions
146:19 to this report that can give you very good uh explanation. And uh
146:28 this shows the lipide under the I cannot really tell too much just
146:36 let you know that can be identified the microscope. And uh this is
146:43 spor in night and it looks like like looks like bacteria. You
146:51 cousins and those are the and uh have a relatively, very good uh
147:01 here and those are the ignite and those come from the small color,
147:11 small color change with increased the depth some maturity. You can see that
147:17 number of this one, I think some maturity. You can see that
147:21 increase some maturity, the color of sp is changed. So that is
147:28 indication of the some maturity uh to measure the same maturity or provide
147:36 information of the maturity. And uh you see that as you can under
147:43 microscope, you can identify the which with a low green color and uh
147:51 that large with highly reflective the the . And uh also you see the
147:59 light and the spite and the reasoning on the ale the that identified from
148:08 night at the and those one is spring light in that night and the
148:18 and the the I think that's they use the co the transmit light
148:24 the white light. I think those one is a transmitter light on
148:28 , light light. It's that's why difference you see here, we can
148:33 the difference here compared to those very colorful ones that may come from
148:40 the transmitter lights. OK. And under the laboratory conditions and organic pet
148:54 , you can do this kind of that the summary of the organic Petr
148:59 and uh we show this, this already and uh under the
149:05 they can identify the type one, two, type three. Yeah,
149:21 uh OK, we know that the is the organic matter, big molecule
149:26 organic matter. Yeah, give a that the insoluble organic matter how it
149:32 like how it looks like. And and that is a organic pet graph
149:39 can look at it. So once go to the go to the under
149:43 microscope, they can based on the reflections and uh of the of the
149:52 of the organic particles that can identify the different metal groups which is uh
150:02 deep on some something else. those are the, those are the
150:07 is they can, they see the microscope that is the, the can
150:12 the the the the organic matter how looks like under the microscope, how
150:18 the the it's it, they are . Those are the characters and those
150:23 the all belong to the character but on the in, in which and
150:34 , the, the colors and the proportion, distribution or rich of the
150:42 one is dominant. They can, think they can classify the car into
150:49 three different types, which is the one, top two and top three
150:56 see here, that's the, the one on top two, you
150:59 the top one is called a highly content. So what that means is
151:06 Lipton concentration is high. Yeah. go to the, the car.
151:13 actually more terrestrial source on high cell , which is means that which that
151:19 is high. Yeah. So the that's uh the character is the
151:26 term and the character have different And the organic pet graphic method is
151:34 of the type to identify the, the co and types. Ok.
151:42 welcome. Yeah. please ask me question. Otherwise, you know,
151:44 , I go through and then I , if you do not do not
151:49 know any that do not understand what slide or what that slides about,
151:55 feel free to ask me. This is, uh you know, see
152:05 laboratory methods for assessing current types based the organic paragraph. Those are
152:11 you know, spectra curro mixer amorphous collagen and uh went through the
152:18 uh can, can generate the oil and uh, and the, the
152:25 and the gas. It's uh, the, the, the main in
152:29 oil and uh it's about less than of, of Amorphous Carro and uh
152:40 main generator gas and the 25 to 5 70% of, of Amorphous Carro
152:48 oil on the gas. More than 70% of Homo Carro is main,
152:56 what that means is that if they under the microscope, if they,
153:01 they look at your organic ma uh , if they identify more than 70%
153:07 the amorphous collagen. That means originally collagen is good for the
153:16 And uh let's give us, give some, some kind of numbers and
153:20 you can use it for. And that's uh the also can based on
153:30 chemical con characterization, which is the analysis. I I want to emphasize
153:37 little bit more here. You see maybe you can see the this this
153:42 this this column, you see that is the atomic ratio of the hydrogen
153:49 ratio and the access to the to the oxygen carbon ratios. Please uh
153:59 about what what I referring yesterday about carbon ratios. If you go to
154:06 medicine, hydrocarbon ratio is is four to the gasoline hydrogen medicine ratios,
154:13 ratios is about two and go to pen ratio is about. Yeah,
154:22 that in mind. And then look here, look at it here,
154:27 at our have one character, have K. So that initially they start
154:34 here, we have a hydrogen carbon is about 1.8. What that means
154:44 gas, you know when we look the gas uh that is about carbon
154:50 is about two. So this this is there is very good for the
154:55 generation that that's why it's called the then go to the this the top
155:04 character. Here is the the range , if you look at it,
155:10 ratios is in a range of the point 2 to 1.4. It's al
155:17 also good for the all your And uh look at top three,
155:26 three curtains. The new mature that the carbon ratio is a range of
155:35 0.8 much lower than these two So they that is the generation based
155:43 the chemical compositions. The generation potential the top three character is not definitely
155:53 for the compared to the top one type two generate the oil have
156:00 it have some potential for the So this is the kind of the
156:08 good, very good, very good slide and shows the organic type use
156:14 chemical method. And uh this plot given combine the the the the the
156:28 and the still the hydrogen carbon ratios the aces and the X axis is
156:34 oxygen carbon ratio. Those are for current will be located the let's call
156:42 back to the the the current you see that this is increasing of the
156:56 . So look at this one, look at this one, the increase
157:01 the follows this line. This is line increase of see what happens ox
157:09 carbon ratios in the current decrease. , what that means that it means
157:18 the CO2 with increased. Uh we that potential red of the income ratio
157:29 the very early stage of graduation. is the biggest of future. And
157:37 we see also the release of the hydrogen, those hydrogen mainly go to
157:43 water. So there's a really bad from organic character, the the main
157:53 such as C two and water has in the water, not go the
158:00 . And then see is the common from here to here to here.
158:08 almost one number. That is why we look at the S3 peak
158:15 peak, once you get into the generation, get into the oil
158:20 early oil generation oxygen carbon and S3 K become very small and uh from
158:28 very mature to to the oil and all can come very close with almost
158:38 change that you see a significant decrease the hydrogen carbon ratios. Where is
158:49 go to go to our products? to oil and the gas to
158:58 So there's a top two character or top three character and which and mix
159:12 uh all that and uh all the of things we call the increasing control
159:18 oil generation. I think from the 32 to the to the top of
159:26 generation of the potential of the the the oil is increased. I think
159:33 is the next. Oh ok. a there's a few real examination to
159:40 that. Those are the the river a yellow point point. And uh
159:52 do have a partial of that. that means. It means that
159:58 you know, paralysis, they put through the current elemental analysis here.
160:06 uh and uh and the so that yellow coins that fully power, so
160:20 is all some decomposed and a after to measure the hydrogen ratios and common
160:28 over uh uh because uh because has gene, that's what we see what
160:41 see paralysis about. And what else you want to? I think that's
160:58 what you, what you want to on the, this the yellow,
161:02 ones that the two and the, the, the, the water or
161:07 the yellow, the range of that range, you see the,
161:12 the increasing of the, the of mainly for the product that water and
161:24 CO2 and the, the green ones the car which is the oil to
161:31 green one and create a different range the, of the range for the
161:39 the red ones which is best. , it's actually from here to here
161:47 that the oil window and then the of the oil, oil generation,
162:03 any question relates to this plot. those are the very typical method for
162:11 to determine the source of the cur top of the cur. That's
162:20 you know, that's the, the if you do have a,
162:23 source rock sample, in particular, particular, if you have a different
162:28 of maturation samples. You have a mole samples, me samples and I
162:37 . You do this kind of a can really, really most reliable,
162:44 reliably tell you the. Yeah, very, that that is very,
162:52 tedious work but most reliable information. . Another very quick since it here
163:06 see that that the uh that uh kinds of samples and used to look
163:17 the hydrogen index and the oxygen Hopefully they still come back on on
163:23 hydrogen index. Is that it, what what is hydro index? Do
163:30 remember that hydro index? Yeah, times 100 divided by two.
163:44 you make a very good uh the the the record huh for your for
163:51 learning that is very good. S two times 100 di by those
163:57 the the and the oxygen index that S3 times 100. OK? To
164:05 that um this, this, this those are the many, many
164:16 many, many research like including I use this product and this costs
164:23 lot to locate the organic. I a I have an example show the
164:33 the for the, the person that the the and also the the I
164:42 all kind of that that I like . If, if you like
164:45 I can show you next time. one and uh many people because the
164:57 is easy quick and you can run , many samples that and then,
165:04 then if you compare them with this , this one is athletic character from
165:11 same kind of formations. And this line is the hydrogen carbon ratio,
165:17 ratio of the car. This one the oxygen carbon, atomic ratio of
165:21 car. What you can see that see that see here have one car
165:28 here and uh have two character for here have three character for the
165:34 Let's just look at this one. these two, it the yellow,
165:39 green 0.1. Yeah, type one here have high hydrogen effects and the
165:50 one collagen over here have a much higher hydrogen carbon atomic ratio of
165:59 uh yellow points here. Actually the . But if you look at this
166:10 , that oxygen index is obviously what means. That means that if
166:20 you better, you better do If you run the rock paralysis,
166:28 a rocker paralysis. If you use , if you use your dad,
166:33 will see to treat the samples, the samples, which is remove the
166:40 and your data all reliable compared to using your whole rock. If you
166:49 to use whole rock samples, you basically very consistent that you have not
167:00 by your car. So but uh will get some, some,
167:11 some and uh look at the red , the red one here actually have
167:20 red here and have three characters But some of them actually. So
167:28 also provide some, that's why I if you really want to get into
167:37 best, get the best one to look at the organic type,
167:44 ? Which is a character, you combine these two methods of chicken.
167:51 not only that, it's actually I I would also suggest you conduct
167:58 organic computer graphics on this side of three method combined together. It really
168:05 give you a more reliable information to , to, to draw your
168:12 And this is a kind of the of the approach in the future.
168:18 you want, if you do your degree thesis or P H degree
168:23 if you get a wrong evidence, evidence saying OK, this is something
168:28 want to make at that time you about. Is there any additional independent
168:39 , different methods can provide some information have to cross check each other that
168:49 conclusion you want to make from the ? OK. But actually you can
168:56 data source make you feel comfortable to a conclusion based on your message.
169:04 you have a another, if you not really have an additional method,
169:10 the one method that you developed by and uh you build that one method
169:19 then you can send the samples to researchers or other organization who have the
169:27 kind of the method, the same of sim similar method or same method
169:32 you developed and uh cross check each , make sure your data quality is
169:38 . And then even you best one of your best data to make a
169:44 . And at least you, you the people feel confident said that on
169:52 and then also yourself, you, kind of, so that's why
169:56 that's why the to try to get , get the, the, the
170:02 try to uh answer the, make conclusion of the statement, we need
170:10 have a more evidence, one source the day, it, it's good
170:16 not enough. Here is after which is yes, this one,
170:23 don't know, you know, this , how we can, how we
170:27 those things, those are mixing between and three, all the experimental
170:39 But if you come here, let's , all the yellow points is almost
170:44 the one area. You have a more confidence than that. Yes,
170:49 the, the, the it's they to, to catch about this to
170:56 have a much more confidence to And uh this one is uh is
171:08 the method that you assessment of and , this potential at 12. And
171:20 you can see that the three different that will show and with the green
171:28 and the is here um to look , look at, OK, as
171:40 can see that and they have very organized country that different potential and uh
171:51 because the, the, the current different and uh this uh the worksheet
172:07 you have uh this or any content the, the potential, OK.
172:15 is your, you can, you look at this so you have the
172:27 can be interpreted based on the organized , the average and the average and
172:37 whole average. Maybe you still remember the the the frequent distribution of organic
172:45 of the more than 1000 the they have this kind of shape and
172:52 can come up with the average of organic type, the organic matter content
172:59 uh above and below like how they the average, those are the average
173:11 the average, those are significant above average and then that OK, excellent
173:18 the good and the and get this then it's the for the the generation
173:29 of the, of the, of , the average, the average average
173:40 the average, everything over the 10 of the OK. And uh based
173:55 that to the oil and this line the this line, this like the
174:03 empirical plots if you have this there then you have your own person and
174:10 the Q one and then put the samples in this, this, this
174:21 you sample, of course, your all follow the game and then you
174:26 an idea OK. That is the two C and have very good uh
174:33 generation potential for the oil and gas is very good for black. And
174:40 if you sample the in this you have a lot to see on
174:46 oil. But after the oil flow , so you can, you can
174:55 based on this kind of empirical, a very useful and then put your
175:02 there and then you can make so estimate it. Uh again,
175:10 we say say that we want to at the the rack uh quarter
175:18 Yeah, at the two parameters we talk about one is the organic
175:23 and the one is that the And uh this plot, it actually
175:30 you this two information, organ, content like Hyc carbon generation potential.
175:38 the organ content comes from the carbon analyze and the uh hyper carbon generation
175:48 that the comes from, that's a useful uh very, very useful
176:04 I think we can let me see time now we still can have a
176:15 hour of our talk or what do , what do you said you,
176:21 guys suggest you want, do you to stop here for today and then
176:25 the rest of the material for next and uh have a little bit of
176:30 and then we can end up or or to be use the rest of
176:35 30 minutes to look at the some materials. Uh-huh. So it means
176:55 you want to the the, the , look at some new materials.
177:06 , we want to, we, want to have some, some discussion
177:18 matter to me. OK. So , I would say maybe we have
177:23 discussion is better because it's, you know, I read that it's
177:28 we, we discussed with, I a many, many new concepts today
177:35 uh hopefully, hopefully we, we get there and uh, do you
177:41 to continue recording or we can stop ? Yeah. And I want
177:50 I have, I want to have
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