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GEOL6372 Petroleum Geochemistry - Day3 11-05-2021
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00:10 mm you back. I think that you're right, you mean even further
00:22 party? What? Yeah, size . Okay. Which is why is
00:40 ? What's this window? Right. , Yeah, sure. Yeah.
00:59 you mean this with this slide, page age, you won't start from
01:05 . Uh, okay. Okay. huh. And sure. Shoot
01:41 All right. I need to share the meeting so we can, I
01:46 record. Sure. Oh yeah, yeah. Okay. Oh, are
02:01 sure? Oh, how is everybody ? Okay. Alright. You remember
02:21 we stopped last time? Right. can't tell you how what? All
02:31 . Yeah. All right. okay. Uh, did we talk
02:45 this fight last time we start? . Okay, that's fine.
02:58 mm hmm. Uh huh. One. Okay. Yeah.
03:32 Okay. No, That we talked three types of carriages in those
03:48 We talked about, There is something Type one character. Type one
03:57 Is normally referred to as oil Type three normally referred to as gas
04:04 tattoo would be oil and gas pro rock has only one type of
04:14 but it's the dominant type of character we really care about. So,
04:27 , and, and, and, here we're saying that although,
04:32 There are three main categories of carriage oil prone gas from, Are the
04:41 extreme ends. The Uh, all products produced the full range of hydrocarbon
04:52 . In other words, All three of collagen will produce confidence. He
04:58 all the way to see 50 or . It is the dominance or it's
05:05 propensity of the products that makes a . So type one will generate hydrocarbons
05:16 the full range. Right? With specific abundance. Like in my model
05:24 . As shown only in the top that too. We'll have a pattern
05:33 shown in in the middle uh slide type three of course will have hydrocarbons
05:40 the lower molecular weight range. Guess strange and right. Yeah. Um
06:09 there are special kinds of courage in special kinds of rocks. So President
06:19 schools will generate mainly gas but also of molecules in the range of C
06:29 through C 12. So resin rich is mainly gas but also condensates the
06:38 with boiling points of up to C C 11. This is a pleasant
06:46 uh material which will generate not only but also a lot of convinces.
06:58 right so no LG we'll have a distribution In the range from C5 through
07:11 bacteria. We'll have hydrocarbon contributions from two all the way. C
07:20 The Wax is however, will have in the C- 20 plus range.
07:38 , this is a cross section across piper field showing the service trucks in
07:46 marriage overlying the productive sandstone and physically at this un conformity. The hydrocarbon
08:01 in the Piper field goes from northwest southeast with the c. plus hydrocarbon
08:14 C22 meaning meaning molecules with 22 carbon and longer are going to be in
08:24 greater abundance towards the southeast. And is the location that is closest to
08:35 land mass. That's where the higher contribution will become. Right.
08:43 That's why the um the c. and peripherals are so abandoned. So
08:57 is a relationship that that shows the of the courage and mixture from northwest
09:04 southeast. Going towards the land mass the lower cretaceous region. Upper Jurassic
09:13 the middle Jurassic in the lord It is dominated by gas use
09:19 Although it are southeast in the You're going to have high concentration of
09:26 oil prone components with increasing abundance of gas prone components to get tourists southeast
09:35 the shoreline in the upper Jurassic the is shown here. All right.
09:51 I think I already discussed the slide but I'll visit it again very
09:57 Uh These are the hydrocarbon molecular or number distribution in these different uh Big
10:09 . So Algae will have the hydrocarbon in this range, bacteria will have
10:16 distribute mercy to all the way to 30. And the Y axis will
10:22 this peculiar about high abundance of the components. That's why the oils.
10:32 We become much more gas prone and the oils themselves will become much more
10:40 as you go towards. Yeah. short line. Okay. Um You
10:56 I'm showing some algal groups. Contemporary . The green algae. The,
11:04 green algae and the golden algae. green algae will produce hydrocarbons in the
11:11 . 17 range. Um Mhm. this particular species you can see is
11:21 model you've got a mode between 15 and c. And the mode
11:25 three c. 2020 27. This also is by model. All of
11:31 here, the blue green algae are model. Okay. Again, the
11:40 algae, It's gonna be by motive the hydrocarbon uh package between c.
11:49 . 21. And another package between . c. 29. C.
11:56 keep. Uh But your caucus brunei that's a very special kind of
12:03 Again, showing this by modality. , you've got uh light carbon range
12:13 then this waxy hydrocarbons distribution. Uh . The examples I'm showing here are
12:29 from the uh from Ecuador and one Central Sumatra from Ecuador. This is
12:37 distribution of normal para fins, harmonic a very systematic decrease of the Have
12:46 components as you go from c. . This is a high quality by
12:53 or a flat top distribution. Typically lackluster source rocks. When you see
13:00 distribution. Any time you're reading an you see this distribution image of your
13:05 will go to by model, most arkestra. So, strong influence on
13:14 oil chemistry it. All right. . Um These are more examples.
13:33 is from offshore California amount of information uh I can't seem to through the
13:46 very well. But you've got uh oil from offshore California showing this flat
13:56 . Uh this uh this uh harmonic , the normal para fins, This
14:04 during their money distribution. Normal para . The only difference between these two
14:09 that this is skewed towards the heavy bill. C. 13 of minus
14:18 to minus 24. This one is the light side between minus 26 to
14:25 28 minus 30 per mil. This , composition of urban, that makes
14:33 these molecules. All right. Uh Mhm. Iterative stuff here is to
14:46 a straight short strokes. Uh This again flat dot distribution. But heavy
14:56 bill Having a strong composition, the thermal range. This one is also
15:05 top, so immediately takes your mind lock a strong source. But my
15:14 signature is much lighter. Uh so This was the DLC 13 being
15:28 heavy as -18 to -20 per mil deported fishes. This isotopic signature of
15:37 26 to minus 30 is shallow fish is both the castellan flat top
15:51 . Yeah. Yeah. Um This a photo micrografx of the But your
16:06 brunei a typical allergy alga from central . And found in many, many
16:16 socials come. Um The chemistry of . A. Restaurants or science.
16:29 , they're typically high wax content Because 15 to see 30. Mhm.
16:39 us. They have a high pour . Usually high pristine fighting ratio.
16:49 should topically Like Carbon DC 13 Less -28 per mil. Uh You also
16:59 them with a strong odd even In other words, molecules without number
17:05 carbon atoms are more abandoned and molecules even number of molecules so a strong
17:14 predominance to the normal distribution. And biomarkers are not that abandoned to these
17:22 of hoods. Let's visit the methodology assessing encouraging type and predicting potential products
17:38 the laboratory. You have several You have the means by which you
17:45 jakey sample MS related. Take the and put it on a slide and
17:50 at it under the microscope. The letter may look like this highly amorphous
18:00 matter. This message we call it microscope. Obviously using the microscope.
18:09 you've got this amorphous characteristic Uh typically type one carriage on the other extreme
18:19 you have this kind of courage in like uh holy particles, woody particles
18:29 yes from column human carriage. And course you're going to have the exhibited
18:37 spores and pollens. But you can have mixtures of this stuff with this
18:44 that when you do the chemistry you be able to tell what it is
18:48 that it's either mixed or it is . Uh huh. Who specifically?
18:56 so microscopy can be very helpful but some ambiguity as she did with.
19:19 Sure. Sorry. So we're getting and in concept amorphous collagen Will give
19:34 oil structured carriages. Will give mainly . You have a scale here that
19:39 put down uh when the amorphous carriages than 70% we say that that crop
19:46 going to be mainly oil problem and carriages is less than 25%. You
19:51 that's going to be mainly gas prone trucks of course through going to be
19:58 next oil and gas source here is typical example of report that shows the
20:09 veteran reflectivity and the natural analysis. you're gonna have a instagram that shows
20:21 uh uh huh reflectivity range and have report that says the minimum which nights
20:31 activity, the maximum retroactive activity. number of points that were counted in
20:38 case we counted 37 particles. And main arts have not value from these
20:46 materials with about .63. It's not close to .7. So this is
20:55 his own tube. It's not in peak generation window. And then I'm
21:02 a photo micro graphic the bottom showing algal Karajan and the veteran tic particles
21:13 and uh material. All right. . Recently we developed a method in
21:30 lab pulled the TC method transmissions color instead of just simply appreciating the color
21:39 and saying it is orange his round is deep brown. It's black.
21:46 can measure the he in the coloration and express it as. Yeah value
22:03 course there is never a single value there are many particles in every
22:08 So you have arranged the median being points shown on this. Oh
22:23 In this particular she studied we didn't any winter night in the same so
22:31 depended totally on coloration of the particles at the very bottom. We had
22:41 sample with some veteran like in it happens to point side with the value
22:47 was read by the D. Method. Okay the second approach of
22:56 is to look at the chemistry of carriage itself. In order to do
23:02 we have to miss draped around do with all the mineral material capture organic
23:11 and measure its chemistry. What do mean by measure its chemistry? We
23:18 its carbon hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur composition. The elemental composition of the
23:28 here I'm showing the atomic hydrogen to ratio versus the atomic oxygen corporation.
23:41 so uh huh. Well proven for that domain hydrogen carbon ratio will be
23:48 high for gas from courage in the oxygen hydrogen to carbon ratio is low
23:56 auction carbon ratio there is with thermal , chemical characterization elemental analysis. I
24:08 finished talking about that and you have examples here from the green river carriages
24:17 I call this here in scion partially corrosion and these in deep red,
24:25 paralyzed character. So you can see general change in the chemistry uh the
24:34 with sermon maturity and carriages. Uh huh. This slide. I
24:49 everybody to not the skill that I'm here is a propellant curtain and it
24:55 oil, human curation juries in the with minor waxy oils, resin,
25:01 calls mainly gas and condensate. And certain cases when you have ankle carriages
25:07 the custom because you're gonna end up high wax groups. All right.
25:23 so aside from the morphology and aside the chemistry, we can look at
25:28 rocky val paralysis behavior parasitic here. showing on the left side the um
25:43 index, there's this oxygen index plant type one, Type two. Type
25:49 carriages on the right panel, I'm the atomic uh huh composition. The
25:59 carbon ratio, option carbon ratio for one, type two and type three
26:05 of Corresponding to die contact to type with this methodology keep Yeah, you
26:18 imagine that economically, it's much more to do elemental analysis than it is
26:26 do my crust. Because you have take the rock. You have to
26:32 all the mineral material floating acid. of labor. Lots of chemicals.
26:39 so it's quite expensive. Mm Yeah. In order to assist with
26:47 analysis, talk about paralysis of course much cheaper. Much easier. Just
26:52 it in the crocodile machine and you the hydrogen index and index dot your
27:00 and you get your interpretation. So I am showing uh the document paralysis
27:13 , type one, type two, three key region In these three kinds
27:18 samples. And I'm showing the Chemical of the products from these three types
27:25 culture. This one would have these light components and hardly any heavy
27:33 That's definitely more gas prone Then is for that seven. This one is
27:41 we succeed signature because of this my . This is Harmonic distribution for typical
27:52 two carriage. A much easier way assessing intelligent type and product composition is
28:04 too related. The th G. . Which is the total carbon generation
28:10 S. One plus S. Two paralysis versus juicy. So this is
28:16 plot of the th G. This one plus S. Two versus
28:22 . And as as you could expect going to be a kind of almost
28:31 relationship showing A an increase in the . one plus s. two with
28:39 organic carbon content in these different hes . So, uh huh. You
28:50 simply due to see new T. and plot the data against each other
28:56 when they fall. You can do interpretation. Thanks. Okay. Uh
29:13 I I simply took two types of in is two types of rocks and
29:22 the th G. P. Versus and the trend on the top is
29:28 oil prone trend trend in the bottom the guest from trend. So the
29:36 river ship. Uh The carriages from gulf of Mexico are typically oil
29:43 The Baltimore canyon and squash in shelf typically guests from. This is a
29:57 that I use is the normal graph in uh in our source quality assessment
30:03 using these trends to estimate the oil or gas promise. Using the th
30:10 . P. Versus. Do you information? Okay on the cheek he
30:25 that. Is there anything I need reiterate or or discuss any further or
30:31 it all clear so far? Oh. Mhm. Okay. Um
30:53 paralysis versus perilous gas chromatography in Roosevelt . We simply look at the uh
31:02 shape of the swan peak, the of the S. To peak and
31:06 magnitude of the S. Two peak the position of the maximum in this
31:17 . Uh I can take that's simply it in a virologist, gas
31:26 Virologist. Gas chromatograph means viral. interference with the Gc. I realize
31:34 and feel it straight into a C. And you can look at
31:39 normal pattern distribution. The number of institution In this one. The normal
31:46 distribution in the S. two. . Um These are typical paris cast
31:58 grams for various veterans, the algae we Sure this flat top pattern With
32:08 position of the n. 1516 1718 etc going forward. This is this
32:17 of connection on virology, gas chromatography give you this kind of pattern.
32:27 this guest from carriages will give you kind of better See the differences between
32:34 three types of carriages morphological E. products solution. Yeah. Uh
32:48 Um Typical sort of trucks that one flat top kind of by modi slacked
32:56 . But I feel like vaccine crude will be the product of heritage of
33:01 time. That too. So shocks will produce aromatic intermediate crudes that three
33:15 strokes we'll give mostly natural gas can minor amount of crude oil.
33:26 let's visit the length ology of the rock and its impact on the product
33:43 . These are. Uh right. plots for this is an oil prone
33:54 in this is a less point from . Uh mm. The head shirt
34:03 that represents the heavy hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons convinces size, hydrocarbons and the
34:11 , hydrocarbons in these two different kinds carriage. Um Okay, okay.
34:35 enrichment in crude oil can be a of original organic method type But it
34:42 also be as a result of the that's happening in the 70s. So
34:47 we're starting with a sediment with organic low in sulfur. Uh huh that
34:56 undergo sulfate reduction can go either. , the best way report this back
35:07 in this case. Uh huh. end up with low sulfur Karajan in
35:15 case you end up with high sulfur for burial. The low sulfur carriage
35:20 will give themselves recruits which upon maturation continue to heal those self recruits.
35:28 this case you end up with a self correction. That appointment thermal stress
35:35 give either high self recruits which upon thurman stress will give no sulfur
35:47 Yeah. Mhm. Yeah. Um These kinds of materials for
36:09 Tonight, tonight, tonight there's his tonight same issues tonight to use a
36:16 et cetera. Uh huh. We'll uh this will be hydrocarbon. Hi
36:25 hydrocarbon generation potential. This is good open storage capacity. Yeah. The
36:35 itself has high ability store versus my to generate. Yeah. All
36:49 Um I think I already, you , I have so many redundancies
36:56 but more for discouraging structured religion. origin determined maturation mainly while Mainly
37:04 oil and gas from and I have scale here. When you have more
37:09 70% of security, you should expect in the oil when you have less
37:15 25% more fiscal region should expect Yes. Okay. Uh forgetting program
37:33 intuitive, this is a more This is structured carriage. More physicality
37:41 are thrown. We call it separate . Human intelligence mainly gas prone and
37:49 human character is in the schools will mainly gas and condensates in certain
37:59 Certain customer last intelligence. We generate wax cruise anyway, I have so
38:10 repetitions here. This is a typical profile. Uh, you can see
38:30 yeah, reflected values increasing with When you have a displacement like this
38:41 you can say I I suspect I an unconfirmed city here quite significant conformity
38:48 . I may or may not have performance because it depends on how you
38:52 interpret this profile. He Yeah. yeah, here I'm showing a plot
39:25 the veteran lots of activity For type courage and tried to carriage factory carriage
39:31 if there is rich not as she to do the type of encouraging.
39:37 other words there is which night associated the tire point carriage. It is
39:44 that are suited to type three Those veteran nights. Uh huh.
39:51 show transformation in this pattern and the of social activity. For upon intelligence
40:02 change to this direction in this Yeah. Okay, so here is
40:17 profile showing courage in T AI thermal index. The cooperation level of the
40:28 german cooperation index, the coloration how brownish, how yellowish the degree
40:40 increased cooperation implies increased speculation. So is a carriage ceremonial tradition index.
40:49 emperor of and distribution. The normal distribution. Everybody knows what normal parent
40:54 means. C- 15 Plus Normal American . Hey um, the carbon preference
41:05 . The odd to even dominance changes strong hot, even dominance to lower
41:13 lower or even damaged to eventually no whatsoever. Hydrocarbons as a fraction of
41:22 total organic carbon content will change. this way. And the hydrocarbon as
41:33 percent of the total extract hydrocarbons in total extract c. 15 plus we
41:41 The amount of hydrocarbons within that C-15 hydrocarbons as a percent of the total
41:48 and change in this fashion. Again the increase in ceremony maturation.
42:05 Yeah. Okay. Think it's really in this one. Okay. Just
42:28 summary. Yeah. To jog your . Uh these are attributes that we
42:34 measure in the lab and uh the we used for organic enrichment. Do
42:41 see make producing pretty simple hydrocarbon generation virus here. How much yield And
42:52 going to get from the paralysis process the left uh product type while vs
43:01 , courage and morphology and elemental Right? Carriage in morphology versus elemental
43:12 , elemental as being the hydrogen to ratio knocks into carbon ratio.
43:21 The c. hydrocarbon content should involve the between a solvent then doing gas
43:29 , doing chromatography to separate the big into its such a dramatic stress isn't
43:36 fun things. Um Hydrocarbon composition. course details. Yes. Chromatography
43:57 Mhm. Yeah. Mhm. Yeah. Yeah. Mhm.
44:53 Mhm. Search. Mhm. Mhm. It's coming with me.
49:58 get a Lexus with militant approvals. . Yeah. Got it. It
50:54 . Yeah. Yeah. Part Yeah. Okay. Hopefully.
51:58 What? Yeah. Yeah dr Mhm. Yeah. The city.
52:10 . Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. ? Okay. Something I have I
52:52 a reasonable B 1 20. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah awesome for
53:28 . Oh yeah. Shot of water . Huh? Yeah trump. Got
53:54 . Yeah. There's yeah. Right right. Eight. That's
54:16 Cause yeah, solving for Yeah, well, it's read what's the
55:02 Okay. Yes. Part of Just forget it really. All
55:23 All right. What? Uh But their reach so many between.
55:38 . I know. Uh He's Yeah correct. This one actually prove
56:03 . So I might go please. what that place. Okay that's part
56:14 it. Are you going? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It's
56:24 35. Yeah. That it's so an actual car. Car. Um
56:47 , awesome. Everything will be Yeah. One. Yeah.
57:04 Yes sure. Yeah. Uh Yeah. Yeah. Always okay
57:55 No. Mhm. Looks like you're to a party tonight. All
58:06 For tonight. Uh huh. Pirates the Caribbean. Yeah. Right.
58:37 . Is it Europeans? Excellent. see. Can I join the
58:57 What? Okay. Right. Lot . Right. The Palestinians.
59:12 Yeah. Well. Oh yeah. you just yeah yeah. Yeah
59:40 Oh it's a little something attract Yeah. Come on. Yeah.
60:00 . Okay. Okay. Um Oh we'll continue on with our focus on
60:12 and uh learning something about the geological geochemical constraints. Hydrocarbon generation and explosive
60:21 the position environments and formation of source . We discussed. organic enrichment and
60:28 judicial potential? We just finished organic types or strongly psychology, composition and
60:41 going to go now into organic Um and hydrocarbon generation talk about what
60:49 takes to have hydrocarbon expulsion from the struck and the retention of some of
60:57 hydrocarbons by the social that reduced its to be a highly productive social and
61:06 about the critical release concept. Other , what does it take for the
61:13 to leave the source struck into the system? Okay, victorian generation is
61:34 consequence of the real die genesis for rich rocks. The real die
61:43 period alteration. Organic rich rocks or expulsion does not take place until enough
61:55 generation has had and others, no how rich the rock is organic rich
62:04 rock is the available hydrocarbons within I'm not going to leave that truck
62:14 adequate quantities have been formed to overcome only the retention capacity of the or
62:23 and the mineral matrix, but the right behavior of the organic matter
62:33 So the organic matter itself is a retentive medium rather than a expensive
62:42 So you need to form large enough of new hydrocarbons in order for the
62:51 to occur 1st. Let's visit the thermal history by implication. Does everybody
63:05 the term thermal history? Yeah. history of exposure. Uh huh.
63:17 to temperature. Mhm. Do things ? Number one mineral di jealousies?
63:27 all familiar with mineral digests studied incident and whatnot. This is the process
63:34 in the progressive dye genetic changes of components of the sediment leading initially to
63:43 and ultimately to metamorphoses. Um Organic genesis however is organic matter components on
63:56 raw maturation. That is temperature and dependent. And somebody said, well
64:05 about pressure? We sell them really pressure into account because if anything pressure
64:13 the other way but virtually not really important to pressure is not a key
64:23 but temperature and time are the most factors. So organic components undergo maturation
64:32 and his temperature and time dependent and pressure incense. Okay. Uh these
64:49 profiles of changes in the composition of uh molecular components, organic components in
65:00 rocks with barrier So on the very left I'm showing the changes in the
65:07 through C4, methane, ethane, and butane with death at the
65:16 shallow even him dominance of methane dry . Dry guests. Everybody knows what
65:25 gasses. A mixture of my guess that our dominated by method a try
65:33 guess so in the shallower part of section, all you would find in
65:40 significant abundance is dry gas, The composition of the hydrocarbons within the
65:51 is going to remain mostly methane, dry gas components until you get to
65:58 point when the C two C three four et cetera begin to increase first
66:06 gradually then very rapidly so you have generation. The point you begin to
66:18 evidence of generation and then very significant of generation. Try to guess nothing
66:34 rights to same propane between. Uh . Stay with the with guesses for
66:43 while then even those wet gasses begin decompose. I need to define what
66:53 guess and my guess is police. is that clear drug gas is he
67:03 his volume with nothing but nothing. gas is? Guess who's volume with
67:12 example in between? Yeah, condensates increase with depths convinces are not normally
67:24 in modern sediments unless they're migrating but form in the sediments as a consequence
67:33 burial and alteration of forgetting matters. of molecular components with C two C
67:46 C four. See if I've got atoms. Okay, sure do I
67:53 with yes. Is dry guess again degradation of the wet gas and condensates
68:01 molecules to try gas again at much depth. Okay, So not only
68:11 the abundance of the C437 but abundance the and the composition. Oh,
68:20 C- 15 plus components. If you at the normal benefits, you know
68:26 the normal benefits are The street team molecules with chains of carbon atoms.
68:35 , no, you know something. relative abundance of these normal parents will
68:42 a very peculiar skinniest tours heavier ends a very peculiar enrichment of the odds
68:53 events, odds over emails. You're know what odds or evens means molecules
69:07 number of carbon atoms versus molecules. number of carbon atoms there is strong
69:14 dominance channel not even dominance disappears as go deeper because the generation process cracks
69:23 carriage in in english rain there's no which transfers the carriage so therefore the
69:36 is quite okay so the normal persons very distinct, very pronounced actually.
69:47 odd even dominance begins to disappear eventually what even dominance whatsoever and not only
69:56 but the skin restores the heavier and to schooners towards the light. These
70:05 difficult patterns of maturation of the normal from components of the mixture. Five
70:15 . He so abundance and the character the molecules change. Uh huh.
70:28 is because the random tracking eventually become much that it will mask the original
70:38 art even dominance. Yeah it's the God strong uneven dominance because well it's
70:54 and even number so guys are going be generated randomly. Yeah incredible.
71:09 . Okay here I'm showing the scene shallow very strong on even dominance.
71:19 but even dominance eventually. No But dominance whatsoever. And the distribution excused
71:26 the secret seven range all the way the sea. 15, 19
71:38 Kind of a preference index goes from high numbers you all recognize what
71:47 P. I index needs abundance of numbered markers to even numbered values from
71:55 high values. Two lower values eventually know now in it whatsoever. Whereas
72:08 is a charged from the north of field in Nigeria. But this profile
72:15 shaped the profile virtually every sedimentary sexual wide. Okay, so these are
72:31 again the C 15 plus to the sea. You slight increase than a
72:45 strong increase reaching peak eventually that stuff to like the components this great
72:57 The C 15 plus hydrocarbons as a of the bitumen. Not only is
73:03 increasing, but the C 15 plus in it is also changing in this
73:12 right. And the odd even CB Hi garden preference index good for
73:23 values. Maybe only two, maybe is highest six. Yeah, two
73:33 . P. I index. What of course even these are going to
73:43 . That's why I show this is right. He was eventually, there
73:48 be normal purpose to cultivate varieties. . All right. The Monterey shale
74:02 California, mm hmm. Here I'm the c 15 plus is a fraction
74:10 the total carbon content and the P. I. Index for the
74:15 of Eurasia. Really, truly organic scared city -15 plus hide garbage.
74:30 carbon begins to increase very slightly and dramatically in this green zone. We
74:42 it June three A Classified vs Christian five jobs. So one Nothing but
74:49 Johnny Cash. So too, a bit of c. 15 plus is
74:53 generated but not adequate quantities to allow expansion. So three lots of hydro
74:59 are being generated to overcome the retention of the shortstop and organic matter and
75:07 to the CPI index whose friend I to no preference whatsoever at great
75:19 Yeah. Again the actual content. no no no no no no.
75:29 to show a slight increase then very increase. In the meantime the hydrocarbons
75:36 a fraction of the total. That's same thing. Low concentrations is to
75:46 please, concentration eventually reaching a Mhm. And eventually those will go
75:54 as well. Yeah. Um. . Yeah. Here I'm showing the
76:16 content. Uh huh. The carriages depth. Yes, content help is
76:32 has the depth increases for these different of coal deposits. Okay.
76:47 Here I'm showing increase methane. First biogenic component slight increase and tremendous dramatic
77:02 concentration of methane insane between and so . Even the 02. You begin
77:13 see change steps increases Eventually it's you disappears. Okay. Okay. Uh
77:33 is just a reminder slide. I'm sedimentary organic matter soluble versus insoluble.
77:41 , will be the bitumen in salary be the carriage Benjamin can be from
77:51 . 0.5% of the lock to 5% the rock encouraging from 95% of the
77:59 of the sedimentary organic matter rather. this is it's better of change with
78:13 . Okay. Did carbon you've heard term debt carpet. Hey dinner
78:22 Yeah, So carriage amateurish in s type one collagen will change in composition
78:32 the atomic hydrogen carbon ratio. That carriages changed in this direction. Type
78:40 carriages will be the intermediate. All them will go from the region
78:50 Uh huh. Information of the liquid . Eventually the liquid hydrocarbons composed too
79:00 . Yes. Okay, so I'm all these patterns again and again and
79:08 so that the mental picture remain in brain forever. Okay. Uh
79:25 In the laboratory we see the same . So I'm showing here the type
79:30 oil shale region changes elemental composition. pathway eventually giving this composition.
79:55 Um Apparently to the chemical changes that see in the statements you will see
80:01 physical properties of the character itself changes from down yellowish, two kind of
80:13 , deep orange brown eventually to black visualize but that yes, I look
80:27 the the original parties themselves are changed , in the meantime the reflectivity the
80:41 see this is much less reflective than . Yeah, so the reflectivity will
80:49 with thermo duration. It's the color in this direction. So does the
80:58 of the killing to decrease period. the fixed carbon content. Um
81:15 organic matter consists of carbon hard and in some paradoxes the carbon is expressed
81:22 the fixed carbon content we call it carbon content of the organic matter
81:28 Not that you see the carbon, organic matter becomes more that it becomes
81:35 carbonized black, more carpet ready to hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and
81:43 Yeah. So the fixed end will charlie. I can't tell you Cindy
81:56 , sixties. All the way through of 90. Almost 100% carbon in
82:04 organic matter. It's actually never increases the the curation increases as the color
82:16 . Yeah. Okay. Oh should their own button. We are you
82:53 This profile happens to be from the texas Area. The cost number one
83:00 Texas showing the original maturation, ensuring embarrassment. CPI index there are even
83:11 , right? Two, you dominance at all the hydrocarbon content.
83:18 , organic carbon content no increases and very dramatically hydrocarbons as a percent of
83:27 total between changes along this. So is a general profile. The carbon
83:45 uh huh bacterial misinformation. Someone gas oil generation, thermal cracking of the
83:58 and the word gasses eventually nothing but gas a very great your precious change
84:09 death and also very systematic fashion There will be some chemical generation five
84:21 and the expulsion. I'm showing it as a series of pulses as the
84:28 increasing in content in the pore spaces exceed for pressure. They'll expel to
84:35 pulse in the rock will relax and pressure's pore pressures increase again to a
84:48 where they expel the hydrocarbons, crack explain the hydrocarbons. Then they don't
84:56 . We're pressure increases again. The with cracks, the rock expulsion,
85:03 relax. So it's a series of releasing hydrocarbons that in general, I
85:14 call that the oil window. It's not just simply pull down the
85:23 out of the bucket, it's whatever oil contentment becomes high enough in the
85:31 pieces to become their attention first. will pulse between stuff. Good.
85:45 . All this stuff. Time and . Uh huh. I'm sorry.
85:54 rate of substances, right? This eternity right reaches time. So great
86:04 subsidence is richard berry, right? . Which is parallel to increase
86:15 right, wow figures. Just simple . Nothing magical here to memorize.
86:36 there are there are uh certain criteria I have used to tell me when
86:46 think I got into big generation. mean, this is general pattern.
86:52 there are specific criteria. Yeah. this slide was supposed to be
87:02 This was supposed to show a part . Listen, pressure cooker and it's
87:12 to be heating and heating and heating or nothing else. And then all
87:16 a sudden this valve opens up. It's exactly like that in your kitchen
87:27 . It's just like the pressure cooker your kitchen. Put it on your
87:32 heat and heat and heat and heat nothing happens. Mhm. Then you
87:38 to the point where the poor pressure the pressure inside the part sees the
87:43 surrounding picture and valve pockets. I a little, my mom had something
87:53 the stove and human shopping left. and all of a sudden it was
88:00 the kitchen, the kitchen ceiling full stupid. Mhm pieces of meat and
88:09 kinds of stuff in the sea. a major catastrophe. Okay, happening
88:17 your kitchen. But it's those catastrophes the subsurface and give rise to expulsion
88:24 hydrocarbons from the otherwise impermeable rocks. this capacity to create stability and therefore
88:38 hate. Please. Thank you. obviously that's not something gradual. The
88:46 increases will be gradual until you exceed little static pressure and the rock busts
88:54 accept. And the hero car is . Once the parents leave Iraq heels
89:03 specifies, feels okay to pressure. his pressure, you get the point
89:15 going to exceed the cracking pressure and with crack again. So the expulsion
89:24 is a set of pulses over finite of time. It's not an instant
89:35 time. It's from a billion. soon as the pressure declines below this
89:43 , as soon as precious increase, that they crack again. So mhm
89:52 cracking, release pressure cracking, healing pressure cracking. Police healing mm
90:06 we're talking about geologic time now, . Uh huh. Okay,
90:13 victories. The Nationals of the Thanks. Right. Uh huh.
90:24 . Yes, Okay. I wish I wish I had this uh working
90:34 you will see it will you will a little bit of noise and then
90:39 of a suddenly he was like this then a big hits and you see
90:42 lot of vapor coming out physically. took that out of out of the
90:47 of the web actually. I mean not in my kitchen. Yeah.
90:52 the from the literature spend very No, no, no,
91:01 there's no water here. Of No, the wood it's it's in
91:06 vapor face temperatures. All right. the movie is no longer water
91:13 So Mhm. The incredible. And that's when that's when it
91:22 That's when it leaves. Yeah. water on seven. We call it
91:33 water vapor because the temperature is high under these pressures to be in the
91:39 face. It's not in the liquid , it's in the vapor face.
91:49 So expulsion is increasing pressure beyond lisa because he's sick grant. And over
92:01 will allow the water to live in form of a motivator. Yeah.
92:14 , so when you look at the , you will see the texture currently
92:25 to the texture perpendicular to bedding. his facial flick texture. The repetition
92:35 the claim, which is kind of . And it's ridiculous debating. We'll
92:43 arrangements flares prioritization basically overlapping staff So they had to cover is
92:58 The parallel Caroline in the encounter vertical . Is that the coverage that will
93:09 eventually into the fracture and out. are some slides showing the maturation and
93:21 changes in color of the carriage and certainly evacuation. Yeah. See me
93:29 all global's kind of inside the carriage doing two point when they leave the
93:41 . Exactly. Okay. Okay So yeah, uh, you see
93:56 guy from are too many years Yeah. Made this start showing the
94:05 burial and the uh huh pressure regime you will. This is the ISIS
94:18 the temperature ISIS terms 250, 350. So the onset of flick
94:28 hydrocarbons occurred between 100 50°F 200°39 mm . The main zone of oil generation
94:39 300° for tonight. Between 200 200 300. Fahrenheit the uh huh cracking
94:50 the oil molecules to concede size market to thermal try I guess with he's
95:06 different regions down in the different areas this particular region. And this is
95:16 relationship that I want everyone to It's really after Cornelius way back in
95:23 when he showed the age, So this time and this is
95:35 So this is a has your service you will where the reflectivity of the
95:44 matter Is only .5%. The reflectivity reflectivity 1.25% reflectivity of the organic matter
95:55 2%. The organic method itself Its reflectivity changes, its color changes
96:04 rating and with that part of the is in this to this envelope of
96:13 and temperature. Nothing much happens in end of the time and temperature to
96:21 initial we're generation but no expulsion through window, adequate generation of government to
96:30 the detention capacity up to him The on vet hydrocarbons in the rocks
96:40 great to lighter components. Eventually nothing mithi you can survive and that is
96:53 as dry guests. Okay, right forget it. Yeah, organic metamorphosis
97:07 when minimalism the organic matter. The whatever minerals that are there coexisting with
97:18 matter will change mm in in the structure you know go from. No
97:33 city communities two a light to eventually and very high levels of courage
97:44 So the minerals themselves are metaphor. . But at a much lower rate
97:51 the metamorphoses um that we think of high temperature regimes. Okay, mm
97:59 die genesis in three days. So die genesis accompanies organic metamorphosis. Organic
98:09 whether it's always organic material. Yeah eventually lead to nothing but methane surviving
98:20 the organic side. At the same the minerals themselves have been changing in
98:25 Christianity and so on. So in crystalline human change ensure for some people
98:33 about a little premature. You can sort of clarified. Oh, graphite
98:42 on fight is when you have altered matter then all the hydrogen all the
98:52 don't do nothing. But carbon Yes. No it's not. Graphite
99:04 organic, graphite is organic matter. . How did you not do himself
99:13 an oxygen that have lost 19 central ? Carbon ization level increased. So
99:22 carbon content in to sell it to pros other elements. So when we
99:28 about harmonization mean increased carbon content amenities the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
99:42 . Mhm. It's okay if that you to remember it better that's
99:51 Mhm. Yeah. I wish I examples of these materials. I probably
100:03 in the lab. Um What? . Uh huh. When did we
100:15 we're going to have a lab to is your voice please? Yeah.
100:28 we're not going to go to the Until the 19th. Okay. Just
100:33 let me don't allow me to steal you the wonders of using meticulous and
100:44 up. Huh? Let me term . Oh yeah. Mhm. It's
100:58 money too. Because you can sense nature of the questions but it will
101:06 towards fine. I can't remember I had it. I think here
101:11 be. Yeah. How much weight the victim. How much weight on
101:17 final then we have a term I've been asking to write a term
101:21 this semester. You want me to you to write a term paper making
101:35 . You know what I mean? everything I won't ask you correct,
101:42 yeah, later. Well, Yes, exciting. Okay, I
101:59 we're going to have Uh huh. . And then one place, mm
102:11 friday. That's me. And then we're going to have an internal simple
102:31 . It wasn't me negotiate. So you send a note everybody
102:58 The sports. Okay. Performance On the basis. Yeah. Let's
103:31 Huh? Yeah. Right. Yeah. No, the last.
103:49 , uh you're gonna send us a notice. Let me turn example 1:00
103:57 Friday. And do remind me the before. Thanks so I can prepare
104:04 and then before. Okay, I'm that my memory is gone. I
104:12 want to say I don't see I'm . But getting better for sure.
104:20 going to get there for sure, . Okay guys, So effective time
104:29 temperature. Diamond temperature means maturation on carbon generation and degradation To recognize these
104:40 zones zoom. It's june some have . You noticed they're very parallel to
104:53 Cool rank jones. Published Cool Rank . What up to Every two native
105:07 of about .55%. In other the percentage of the incident.
105:13 That's reflected back to my babies. a critical number. .55. The
105:27 of the organic matter will increase quite bit. Reaching every 3.7 .7% of
105:39 incident. Light comes back to me set of petroleum exports. That's a
105:48 boundary on everyone to remember. Okay then the Qualification rank increases from high
106:01 us. A meeting involving the humanists developing the humanist up to a refrigerated
106:09 point of of two 2% of the light reflected back to my ideals.
106:19 for damage. Right? That's the from oh okay. Move over to
106:28 school to emphasize it. And entry zone five zone five were nothing but
106:39 . Can yeah so I want everyone remember these boundaries. Guys hey 0.55
106:59 reflectivity 1% of activity. 1.5 they up 2% of activity enter into zone
107:10 were nothing survives. So I guess rate. Yeah. Have you ever
107:24 a piece of France? The site lustrous gold is extremely lustrous call become
107:33 from lignite brandi maybe back black black on the problem dr brown
107:51 BBg comes very high and visualize that your mind side. Yeah. Can
108:02 see that in your mind's eye? the reflections of the whole articles.
108:10 piece. Okay. I can't imagine haven't seen it this friends reside.
108:40 . Yeah. And the graphic extremely cut. Yeah the mistress graphic young
108:52 . Mhm. Started out as a right his foot. Mhm almost color
109:05 . Yeah. So intervals of initial intervals of optimum generation deepest own
109:21 Oil courage. Nothing but I guess and then assigned and graphics. So
109:35 expulsion is a consequence of our Sure. If you take a look
109:42 the real history of unit falling So struck the ferocity will change in
109:50 manner. You're gonna have points where see really increased ferocity at these
110:04 Uh for pressure change this variant reaching levels exceeding aesthetic mulching expansion expansion,
110:21 , expansion expansion. Then you've lost the capacity of expansion because there is
110:28 more violence and the system shuts. eventually that system that has shut up
110:41 . Do nothing. But beth e guest it happens lots of methane comes
110:51 dry gas methane and no other components out of the rock. Okay.
111:00 want everybody to remember this. Like are the five zone hydrocarbon generation
111:09 Wrong one by biochemical message generation bacterial dry. Yes, zone two initial
111:21 chemical generation. A little bit of of thermal origin begins to form no
111:28 oil release. Usually dry gas with immature oil. I don't know what
111:40 means. Mm hmm. From exceptional socialist. Except your resources. We
111:48 some oil with that oil will have characteristics. Zone three is the main
111:57 of secure all generational release. That's oil window John three. Then stains
112:06 three for a while. Eventually all liquid hydrocarbons degrade to very light hydrocarbons
112:14 size molecules seafood to see seven eventually get eventually nothing but dry gas in
112:25 five. Okay. Yeah. okay. Yeah true. When we
113:04 about thurman maturation, we talked about maturity level. How does thermal maturity
113:16 it's working generation and expression in windows thank you. You can have a
113:31 of immature rock for centuries. That will not be expand out of so
113:41 the adequate coverage for terrorism reform to the retention capacity of those minerals to
113:49 like cartoons until the poor pressures it given. Daddy. Hey then not
114:03 do we want to know when did rock get away for? Yeah,
114:18 these rocks shallow, very mature. certainly between Yeah thank you.
114:29 maturity for expansion. So what's the extent of the generative? It would
114:47 question people. Well, secretary and Equal maturity line .7 once concept when
115:05 organic maturation has reached Level where the reflectivity is at .7% of the
115:19 Right. You know blue trucks have adequate several evacuations to hold this precious
115:31 . The rock I love. Mhm it's the time between generations and of
115:42 areal extent. Yes. Okay. mature point of which and the parents
115:55 be. Yeah .759 .7 represents the and temperature back. Can I stop
116:13 comes two parameters. Talking points Activity for 1.7 percent of the incident
116:25 is reflected. Mhm. Any effective when we Okay, cracks, penalties
116:39 the sermon maturity. There is no oil, nothing. All the black
116:50 is starting to on them seats she to see oh si frank.
117:06 Okay so if I was destroying controls thermal maturity. 0.2 you too.
117:24 . Point So you can do nothing four to nothing on 5 to yes
117:35 7.68 coach 1.2% control. Oh anything maturity level like that. If convention
118:07 One c to 60 c forces from . Yes. Yeah only see
118:18 And so see to cracks he three before crack always cracked through C
118:25 Okay inside is a market only try or my people tired of the
118:36 Yeah back can you can you imagine you need. Mhm. Yeah to
118:52 indian extent is that boundaries the real of the generative recent means Rocks at
119:03 thermal maturity than .7. Really the reflectivity and a key I of right
119:21 - 27. Rocks are now orange . Yeah. Right. Uh
119:39 Okay. So when you discuss them maturity levels we need to address your
119:47 assessment of the maturity level. But maturity level you have attained and we
119:55 to understand the time of at which have gotten to those levels. I
120:03 to thank you. Great. Yeah sure. Come on in right okay
120:17 maturity indicators look yeah there are direct the sense of maturity and patrolling generation
120:31 and there are individual the director are that will lead to chemistry of the
120:39 . They direct and those that lead the physical properties of the religion
120:46 Direct indicators. All right extractable habitual and the hydrocarbon abundance of those
120:55 Example C 15 plus extract two I measured you see content. I
121:03 the c. 15 plus content. ratio of C. 15 plus
121:07 You see that's the parameter C 15 hydrocarbons to go to extract. That's
121:13 parameter C 15 plus hydrocarbons. Did see that's another parameter. We're going
121:19 visit those just also the hydrocarbon The chemistry. What does the hydrocarbon
121:30 look like? Do they look like lights? Do I look just like
121:42 don't look like crew noise. They have a lot of sulfur and
121:46 nitrogen being components in other words the of similarity of the big human to
121:58 average crude oil. The city. , for example the C.
122:06 I index carbon preference in this. abundance of outnumbered money to even numbered
122:16 . Keep if your extraction. Have you've never been to my lab to
122:27 what the actual extraction looks like. . Okay this diagram represents.
122:44 Yes. Good morning sweep 32 We'll see. Yeah. Yes.
123:13 one country. Yeah. Is this ? Huh bosh. Yes it's working
123:37 thank you. Mhm. Mhm. or things. Yes. Yeah.
124:16 . Yeah. Yeah. This is . Yeah. What? This is
124:47 . Yeah. Right. Yeah. . Or alternately I can have what
125:02 call the pressure flow extractor? Close pressure flub Yeah, mistake.
125:23 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. The world, most of the world
125:55 this massive extraction procedure. We developed method by which we can get the
126:02 flow extraction to accelerate the process. end result is the same is solvent
126:11 accumulated solvent will be humiliated kate. . Okay. So here is a
126:21 picture of a sock slit extraction. is a succulent extractor. Can you
126:31 my taxes speak? Simple. Yes. Yeah. Because we'll see
127:16 mhm. All right. So Uh . All right. Yeah. It's
127:50 all that something that much because I've recycled. Yeah. By this oxblood
128:08 . Okay. Don't show. The big human consists of we really
128:24 what the term between it has Can somebody tell me what bikinis?
128:34 , yes, sure. Yes. . Mhm. Yeah. Okay.
128:57 a mixture of securing Uh huh And at 40 Those are the four
129:10 of beach. But you need to confidence that carbon hydrogen containing policies are
129:21 containing This is a 13 carbon Harry suffering. You know, they just
129:31 what's the key review married? Thank you for making business.
129:47 Yeah. Yes, sure. Electricity. Okay. Especially.
130:33 Mhm Yes. Yeah. Mhm. ? What? Yeah. Yeah.
131:10 . Thank you. Right. Oh, okay. All right.
131:53 most what? Yes. Well, . So saturday's are about reasons for
132:22 makeup. What you mean? Mix be true. Right? Of which
132:30 and aromatics are the hydrocarbons. The is that it's for teens are non
132:41 . Yeah. The saturated and aromatic . Centuries will be those hydrocarbons that
132:54 formed of speak change components for my . Fresh for bonus benefits.
133:02 psychotic. Is that okay? Yeah. Okay. Mhm.
135:13 Yeah. Pete. Yeah. I like to see your nuts or
135:33 disapproval. Hydrocarbons contain carbon not installed . What is that a nod or
135:48 that the disapproval? It's a Right. Yeah. Hydrocarbons contain only
135:56 and hydrogen. But I see now organic molecules continue carbon hydrogen plus not
136:07 solution in the molecule. Mhm. of the hydrocarbons such as can be
136:25 into street chain compounds. Normal terrorist terrorist street chain. I saw benefits
136:35 . Good. Mhm. Raised visualize branch needs carbon a nitrogen,
136:48 sulfur, whatever. Mhm. Hey I need to spend any more time
136:59 these guys. Is this clear Yeah. Between uh yeah it will
137:18 associated with the character but it can formed from the characters. It's like
137:25 from from the cache. Yeah. can think of oil as dispersed.
137:32 you. Has concentrated bitumen. Okay. This is a um the
138:01 para from distribution in documents from the of poor field. You see the
138:11 are even dominance essential not even dominance . And the. Mhm. But
138:25 just is changing skewed more towards the ends. Eventually all the normal parties
138:34 like that Eventually between two. Nothing . Tell me later it's good this
138:47 image of what you should see the of the Hello garbage look like it
138:56 from different depths in any given Yeah. Okay. Um Among the
139:08 for security would be. Yeah. huh. The witness index. The
139:21 of the wet components related to the components with components being ethane propane between
139:29 Comparing two methods paper the witness increasing . Two, oneness and over and
139:39 abundance of I guess it's completely. go to witness it next In the
139:45 . 15 plus hydrocarbons as a percent the total forgetting carbon As the
139:52 15 plus requirements is percent of the extract. Mhm. And the CPI
139:59 with maturation is that concept? Clear of the Benjamin are changing with security
140:14 and more which means converting more and carriers converted to pitching and more and
140:20 collisions between is converted into hydrocarbons. . Mhm drink twice. Yeah.
140:55 . I'm not confusing my issues by defining terms properly. That indicators at
141:04 on mobile constituents. Right? C- 15 plus components. These are
141:14 components. Hydrocarbons. Okay. Um run under reduced interpretations if I have
141:26 rock. This esteemed by I because put Lord as a public it in
141:35 well. Should I have contaminated my , admit to know how to remove
141:42 companion from my system. She was considered part of my picture.
141:50 Non indigenous staining frogs by migrating Whether they are fluids that are put
141:57 the when as an additive or whether migrating fluids from steps into shallower
142:06 I have my greatest hydrocarbons in Sheriff . I say this is mature well
142:11 know that this is my cure or it my green? Yeah. I
142:18 to make that distinction. Non indigenous of rocks by migrated fluids or contamination
142:26 fluid additives. See why I made slide. Just want you to recognize
142:36 they're not simple self intuitive. You to know that there are problems.
142:44 problems can be due to migrated hydrocarbons doing fluids that I put in the
142:50 . I'd met him not to move from my thinking as I'm evaluating what
142:56 encountering in the world. Clean clear . Sure. Because of the issues
143:18 the mobile fees. More countries can non indigenous. Have to figure out
143:26 can they what? Right. In the unity of maturity shocks.
143:48 can look at the elemental composition and most tropical characteristics with the character
143:56 Which means I have to deal with . You can't address measure each
144:03 Can take the courage is put it an elemental analyzer and analyze its elemental
144:13 . Yeah carriage. It's a elemental . Okay. Order microscopic characteristics with
144:22 particles isolated from. Mhm. atomic learned corporation. What atomic oxygen?
144:44 ridge. Yeah can measure those on isolated region and topped the date army
144:56 like this. And where the data . I can say the carriage is
145:02 one back two back three. And level thermal stress it has been exposed
145:12 one carriage. Um stressed a thermal . We'll have compositions fully anywhere in
145:26 street. A religion that has undergone maturation. Yeah about Winfrey. We
145:38 elemental compositions as a corporation of Mhm History a region that has become
145:47 severe nutrition. Their compositions. Excuse and intelligence has undergone very severe sexual
146:01 will have composition. Yes it's Yeah. Yeah right I can take
146:17 carriage in and because its color course will be the different color ranges,
146:26 stress. If I can relate the of the carriage percent of the
146:36 Like that's reflected back to my odometer indication to the zones. So generation
146:48 explosion to my colors. Okay so see simple slide rinse your mind what
147:01 look like. What the. It's for activity would be if there was
147:08 there was a veteran right straight to this. Karen remember this is
147:14 Okay But if there was which night have the maturity of .2 reflections.
147:22 I see your .5.6 reflectors 12 set up and productivity of associated character.
147:37 veteran night. Yeah so disposal look The Detroit will have any activity.
147:55 definitions. Again, what is veteran reflectors, veteran partisan sediments derived from
148:02 plans. The vigilantes. Um, a parameter used worldwide. So what
148:10 useful calibration tool? Mm hmm. most accurate in terrestrial deposits. Of
148:17 calls and on chains if I had or division section. Yeah.
149:00 Yeah. Uh huh. Seriously. to you. Mhm Right. So
149:23 is no village tonight in Prince Hillary rocks when you read an article and
149:28 see the dramatic activity increased salary in igra fee. The question that data
149:45 okay. So it is that theme the micro graphs that I showed you
149:53 . I'm showing this particle which is just a piece of phrase. It's
149:58 reason. Rodley you will. You've force. You've got this material called
150:12 tonight. You've got Yeah, this that is virtually it was microscopic.
150:22 recognize with resin ideas, christian What's 49 is even you with little
150:30 as you already have can say this couple of sports. It's a piece
150:37 sports night. This is 39 and low gray is my which my partner
150:48 want to do with the natural I'd better find peace. Federal tax
150:57 and I made her thank you. would be agin it. Yeah,
151:03 for me should be for tonight and from being a rich mine. You
151:09 because typical photo Michael breath would have . This is dinner tonight. Very
151:24 reflective. It's just it's not This is victor. My blue gray
151:33 . Good photographer knows how to make distinction easy. This is a veteran
151:46 this microscope. We've got objective I had pieces but for odometer phenomena
151:58 can measure the intensity of light coming it. Okay, so I have
152:08 light focus infringing on my slide that change my organic matter. My objective
152:17 looking at those particles and I can them and I can measure the reflectivity
152:26 this photo meter. It's a different reflecting microscope. Whenever you're ready for
152:34 visit to the lab, you tell and I will take you through.
152:40 what did we Yeah, what did decide the visit to the lab is
152:45 to be? Okay, so here is the kind of of tradition.
153:04 thermal alteration 11th seated with the activity a piece of it tonight. The
153:12 for a piece of you tonight reflected this piece of 59 So it's not
153:19 reflectivity of these parts. These are reflecting. He said color changes in
153:27 sport tonight. This would be if changes in the event tonight. Okay
153:49 , you can remember the hydrocarbon generation own zone one, Zone two.
153:54 three or 4. Zone three will marked by a veteran. It'd activity
154:03 of of .7 to 1.3 when my right reaches a point 62.7 reflectivity.
154:13 into zone three. I mean the generation window In my reflectivity increases beyond
154:24 . I'm now beginning to destroy organic , altered organic matters two 99.
154:39 time any questions so far this is difficult record slide showing the history graham
154:56 might reflect his instagram, showing the , showing the detail itself. Uh
155:07 minimum reflectivity .5 maximum words four. counted 24 particles Standard deviation of this
155:16 with this and the main reflections .57 of the indigenous particles. Uh the
155:27 bitumen will have the reflectivity. I to discriminate it and put it out
155:31 my mind. And the. Mm yeah, this is a slide showing
156:00 reflections. Mm hmm. Mhm in of the incident light for Materials in
156:09 night would have this profile. Good will recognizing her tonight and will not
156:17 it in his assessment. It My question is will recognize the left
156:25 particles and not include them in the and a good across cooper's will recognize
156:32 tonight and uses that curve to establish right activity for his sample. Um
156:46 you have a rock and you take and you macerated recover organic matter.
156:51 going to have population representing caved You know what giving is right?
157:03 saying? You win the wars of wealth. We cave in go into
157:09 seven. You have to recognize that killing is not really unusual stuff.
157:18 cannot consider that for assessing my maturation at that point. Yeah. So
157:26 have to recognize the cave population. have to recognize the recycled population.
157:32 know what recycled means organic matter from paleozoic rocks that have been weathered and
157:43 into the Mesozoic section three cycles are better. I have to be good
157:50 to recognize the recycles are getting make sure they don't allow it to
157:56 part of my thinking process. So have to recognize the cravings. I
158:01 to recognize the recycled organic matter and have therefore to recognize what's indigenous and
158:09 is what they have to analyze for saturation level. Do I need to
158:18 this any more three years right. sample is going to have recycled
158:26 you're going to have caved material, got to be sharp enough to recognize
158:32 cravings to recognize the recycled material and out the indigenous that you will consider
158:40 your study. I'm just giving you pitfalls here to me. Mhm smart
158:52 to really nice. Okay, okay, you have to Measure at
159:06 20 particles. Um so when you that, you're gonna Mhm end up
159:17 yeah, material that this cave ins that scale things Material, the three
159:26 Uh or indigenous and material, three with microscopic behavior, recognize all these
159:38 and yeah, focus on the indigenous . The only reason for showing this
159:47 to make you aware that there are . You got three charges of three
159:54 from indigenous stuff because sediments are garbage . If you focus on the garbage
160:09 you're thinking stuff, we're going to a garbage conclusion. You've got to
160:19 your intelligence, use your strata. , savvy the law. Superposition of
160:26 . Usually you have a profile. in the profiling we recognize that this
160:32 profile. I have um killing. have. Yeah. And you think
160:41 have indigenous. Thanks Exactly emissions. you think? Yeah. Yeah.
161:06 here is a list. A gram 83 pieces were measured in that sample
161:14 particles Were measured. I measured the of 83 persons. The mean value
161:22 out to be 0.587. The mode send a vicious point 77. But
161:33 minimum was .43 the maximum is Can demean Reflections was .58. That's
161:45 mean much activity of that center. simple is much more complex. The
161:53 is very good. I have measured one particles but a lot of them
162:01 Caving being recycled and the indigenous population have a mean value of .96 Minimum
162:13 .57. Maximum value of 1.4. the mm hmm Mean interactive activity of
162:23 same. 1.96. Okay. They what they're trying to focusing on because
162:37 not departure. It's a population. oranges. Sure. Now the saving
162:50 and all of this is that you have one sample. You usually will
162:56 a series of simple things to defeat bird's eye view. So I see
163:03 man just this is my mean This is you think this is
163:20 Mhm Right. Right. Yeah. fine. So here again you see
163:31 is the white instagram. You see minimum the maximum you see the mean
163:37 the mood and you've got all this and then you interpret this profile.
163:46 draw the best fit to this There's an anomaly here. Can you
163:53 the anomaly here? What's happening Is that possible that all these particles
164:01 the same security level. There's a of recycled material. Sure. I
164:14 this plant and I drew a line good as I can draw a line
164:21 this data. True, particularly But I'm not gonna go there if
164:27 recognize. And I have all this . So I know there is a
164:31 here is uh nonconformity. So this indicator something happening geologically. I see
164:41 as a vertical program. That doesn't sense. So this must be whole
164:46 by lots of giving. Yeah. as a as the practicing organic
164:56 You will be able to grow right of that data set. This is
165:05 data set you've got to interpret to like all geological parameters. Interpretation is
165:17 , right? Yeah. I'm not stop here.
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