| 00:03 | All right, y'all. Good Yeah. Uh you're looking up here |
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| 00:08 | the distribution for exam one and you see over on the side the average |
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| 00:12 | about 58. Um, not a average. Uh high grade was |
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| 00:18 | Low grade was 20. Standard deviation 16. A good standard deviation for |
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| 00:22 | course would be around a 13. Been trying to think about how to |
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| 00:27 | this all weekend. Um because first , I don't want you to |
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| 00:31 | I mean, the, your instinct to say, oh my goodness, |
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| 00:36 | am I going to do? That's your instinct. So first |
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| 00:39 | don't do that. All right, deal with this. This is just |
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| 00:44 | test out of four, right? not the best performance I've ever |
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| 00:50 | We'll leave it at that and if take the other class, uh the |
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| 00:54 | stuff in the, into consideration, is what the distribution is starting to |
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| 00:57 | like. So an a right now around in 88 failing is always 50 |
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| 01:01 | can see those are the division If I had to turn in a |
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| 01:04 | a day, this is where it and you can go and calculate your |
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| 01:07 | and I think, I think canvas do it correctly for you. I |
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| 01:11 | trust those things anyway. It's better do the math yourself, but it |
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| 01:14 | of gives you a sense of where lies. All right. Um The |
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| 01:18 | will open up as soon as I comfortable that everyone who's supposed to have |
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| 01:21 | the test will have, I think have three outstanding. It might be |
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| 01:24 | outstanding. You can see down there the end. Um, there's some |
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| 01:28 | who have decided to drop the course dropping the course. And so that's |
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| 01:31 | those grades are very, very low there and those will disappear and the |
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| 01:35 | will shift up a little bit, , as a result of that. |
|
| 01:38 | what I was thinking about, over the weekend, besides watching two |
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| 01:44 | football teams play each other. Um, is, what should you |
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| 01:49 | ? What, what is wrong with the performance? Why is it |
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| 01:54 | it is? And I realized that of you who did poorly on the |
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| 01:58 | probably studied really hard, or at you thought you studied really hard. |
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| 02:02 | . I mean, because invariably many you will come to my office and |
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| 02:06 | Dr Wayne, I studied really hard this exam and I'll ask all |
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| 02:08 | how much time did you spend? did you do? And I'll get |
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| 02:11 | like I studied for a weekend. know, I did a lot of |
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| 02:14 | and these were the results I got I'm, that's not an uncommon |
|
| 02:19 | And what that usually tells me is that you're still not in that |
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| 02:23 | where you know how to study. right. So, you'll see |
|
| 02:26 | what should you do first? You ever panic whenever you fall on your |
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| 02:29 | , you don't get up and go to mommy. All right, I'm |
|
| 02:33 | a generation where they opened the door said, get out of the house |
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| 02:36 | don't come back until it's dark. sometimes they didn't care if we came |
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| 02:40 | if it was dark. All we learned how to take care of |
|
| 02:44 | . We scuffed our knees, we got up and what do we |
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| 02:46 | We rubbed dirt into it. That's they taught us to do. All |
|
| 02:50 | . And then the generations got weaker weaker and weaker. Part of it |
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| 02:54 | our generation's fault, right? Because feel bad that we didn't have parents |
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| 02:58 | took care of us. So we to take over, take care of |
|
| 03:01 | . But so what you have to is you have to kind of |
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| 03:03 | All right, if I screw something , that is not the end of |
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| 03:08 | . All right. So we don't . What we do is we look |
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| 03:10 | the problem, we say, all , I'm not happy with my performance |
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| 03:13 | here's the truth. No, one 100 on the exam. So should |
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| 03:16 | , should anyone be happy about their ? No. Ok. So whenever |
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| 03:21 | don't get a perfect score, I get sad about it. I just |
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| 03:24 | , all right, why didn't I well? And then you figure out |
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| 03:28 | . So you're gonna have to do uh evaluation of what you did, |
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| 03:32 | ? And what you did wrong, is what the extra credit is about |
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| 03:35 | the extra credit after the test will up probably on Thursday. All |
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| 03:40 | If it doesn't, I will make announcement. You'll get an extension. |
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| 03:43 | will, it's open up for So don't forget to do it when |
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| 03:46 | make the announcement, but just presume gonna be Thursday. Second thing is |
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| 03:51 | can start looking around the class and can start seeing is the classroom |
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| 03:55 | Now, see you're the good right? You're the ones that |
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| 03:58 | uh eight o'clock in the morning. got, what time did you really |
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| 04:02 | up? Like 645? Yeah. you, you managed to find your |
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| 04:06 | through Houston traffic. If you lived campus to get your butt here, |
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| 04:10 | was cold. When you stepped You had second thoughts, didn't |
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| 04:14 | You're like, do I really wanna ? But you got here and you |
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| 04:18 | be amazed at the difference. There a mathematical difference from showing up to |
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| 04:23 | , right? When I get up and start talking, even though you |
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| 04:26 | fall asleep most of the time your is connecting stupid things that I do |
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| 04:31 | here with things that we're talking which is why it's so much easier |
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| 04:35 | learn in the classroom than to teach and being online. That's why the |
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| 04:40 | years that you were online didn't work why you guys are behind. |
|
| 04:45 | And you're gonna have to play catch over the probably the course of your |
|
| 04:49 | , which is a scary thought. ? So we gotta start coming to |
|
| 04:55 | , make sure you come to do whatever you can to get yourself |
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| 04:57 | here and do things, do the . All right, I'm gonna be |
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| 05:03 | with you. I'm one of the people you'll ever know. All |
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| 05:06 | I mean, I am truly I, I didn't start looking at |
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| 05:10 | grades until like 10 minutes before the Bowl because I started realizing I better |
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| 05:14 | this done. All right. I'm procrastinator, just like you're a |
|
| 05:18 | All right. But you got to the assignments. And the reason why |
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| 05:21 | have to do the assignments is because don't give them to you for busy |
|
| 05:24 | . I don't give them to pad grades. Although it looks like that's |
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| 05:27 | I'm doing here. I do it I know it works. I know |
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| 05:30 | process that you need to go through repetition that needs to be done for |
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| 05:35 | to learn this material and you do to learn the material. Maybe not |
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| 05:39 | , but you will at some point if you're planning on a career in |
|
| 05:42 | , I do not want you working me. If you do not know |
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| 05:44 | my kidney does and think about Do you want people working on you |
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| 05:49 | do not know their anatomy? Do you want them working on your |
|
| 05:54 | ? Do you want them working on mom? Your grandmom? All |
|
| 05:59 | So the first step of learning how learn is really right here. It's |
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| 06:03 | when you go off to nursing school to pt school or ot school or |
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| 06:07 | school or dental school or whatever, got to build, build the discipline |
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| 06:11 | and you got to start building the here because if you don't, you're |
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| 06:15 | be behind later and then you'll end dropping out or failing out and you'll |
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| 06:20 | out on your goal. And that's not what I want for you. |
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| 06:22 | want you guys every one of you greet your goal. All right. |
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| 06:27 | it might seem like the material is or tough or man, I'm working |
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| 06:31 | than I've ever done. Yes, gonna be true. All right, |
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| 06:35 | are gonna work a little bit harder you're going into a profession where you're |
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| 06:39 | the spear point to fight against death disease, right? Where everyone is |
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| 06:44 | away, you're running in that is the medical profession requires. All |
|
| 06:51 | And here's the other thing, a of people think. Oh, |
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| 06:53 | technology is gonna take over. uh, I talked to so many |
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| 06:56 | who are disappointed with the current generation residents and stuff because they all rely |
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| 07:01 | technology and they don't know their I'll just give you an example. |
|
| 07:05 | had a, a, again, have a friend of a physician. |
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| 07:07 | had a, a resident, a guy who already has his MD. |
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| 07:11 | the resident says to the, to friend says, hey, this guy |
|
| 07:15 | hip po, he's lacking oxygen. is. Well, how do you |
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| 07:18 | that as well? From the, oximeter? It's telling me that his |
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| 07:22 | is too low. He said, , did you look in his |
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| 07:25 | So why do what I need to in his mouth? He says, |
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| 07:26 | , if he was low on his and his lips would be or his |
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| 07:30 | and his gums would be blue. you have is a false oximeter. |
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| 07:35 | it's just simple things like this that gonna pick up along the way, |
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| 07:40 | know, and it starts all All right. Now what I decided |
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| 07:44 | do to help you all out to , you can see, I kind |
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| 07:47 | jumped around to your assignments, you , you can come and talk to |
|
| 07:50 | . I'm not gonna be mad at if you're screwing up. If you |
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| 07:52 | you don't know how to study, not gonna be like, shame on |
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| 07:55 | because all right, how many of think all the way back to kindergarten |
|
| 08:01 | ever been taught how to study that ? The first time you learned or |
|
| 08:08 | someone say this is how you study if you listen to that video I |
|
| 08:13 | , right? And a lot of looked and said no, no, |
|
| 08:17 | , I'm good. That's OK. don't have to believe me until |
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| 08:24 | All right. And again, I'm mad at you. I want you |
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| 08:28 | achieve your goal. And that's all is, this is gonna be like |
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| 08:29 | cheerleading thing. So, what I do is I wanna talk about how |
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| 08:33 | study differently because if you keep doing same thing over and over again, |
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| 08:37 | are you gonna get same results? right. That's not gonna get you |
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| 08:41 | you wanna go. So, what wanna do is I'm gonna ask a |
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| 08:44 | question. You've read the assignment because all good about. Most of you |
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| 08:47 | good about doing things on time. what is today's lecture about? |
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| 08:54 | thank you because I, I was another answer, but you gave the |
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| 08:57 | one. The answer is the integumentary . All right. How many of |
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| 09:01 | thought skin? Yeah. OK. OK. No, I'm not mad |
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| 09:04 | you, but that's part of the system. All right. So whenever |
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| 09:09 | ask that question, the first question should ask yourself is, what am |
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| 09:11 | learning today? You should be able come up with an answer. And |
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| 09:15 | you read, you came up with skin because that's the easy thing to |
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| 09:18 | . But it's the integumentary system. a broader thing. And the integumentary |
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| 09:22 | consists of a couple of things. right. What are the things that |
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| 09:27 | of? No, we're going for easier answer here. But skin |
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| 09:35 | that's one of those I was going that one because that's the first one |
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| 09:38 | think about and we think about All right. So it's the |
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| 09:42 | All right. So the integration is skin and its derivative. See there's |
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| 09:46 | slide. All right. It's the and its derivative. So hair, |
|
| 09:51 | ? You said nails and there's one thing that's the one that's a little |
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| 09:58 | , the glands. All right. , the reason I bring this up |
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| 10:02 | here at the beginning is because over course of this lecture is just a |
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| 10:07 | of what you just read, But what you're now doing is you're |
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| 10:12 | to figure out what am I trying learn? I'm trying to learn about |
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| 10:16 | integument. Well, what is the ? You see, I've asked myself |
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| 10:19 | question. So when I'm studying, should be doing this back and |
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| 10:23 | I shouldn't just be reading a piece paper hoping that the information will somehow |
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| 10:28 | to my brain because it will not . So, something has to happen |
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| 10:32 | it to be interesting to make it to my body. It has to |
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| 10:36 | , uh, stressful. I'll put that way. All right. So |
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| 10:41 | integument is the skin, hair, and the glands. That's four different |
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| 10:49 | that you have to know coming out this lecture. Now, without anything |
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| 10:54 | , can you think in terms of simpleness? Can you tell the difference |
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| 10:59 | skin and hair? I mean, looking at your own body. |
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| 11:02 | Can you tell the difference between nails skin? Yeah. All right. |
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| 11:07 | maybe, could you think the difference glands and skin, maybe? |
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| 11:12 | It's a little harder. But the here is that each of those things |
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| 11:15 | unique and different, they each have and different functions. And so whenever |
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| 11:19 | approach anything where it has a different , it's given a different name for |
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| 11:23 | reason. If it didn't have a name, it would be the same |
|
| 11:25 | , wouldn't it think about you and siblings, right? You are not |
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| 11:29 | sibling or child, child and you are given a name, |
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| 11:34 | This is so that your parents can between you and so they can yell |
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| 11:37 | you when you do things wrong. least that's how I look at things |
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| 11:41 | I've got four kids and I actually to roll through all four names before |
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| 11:45 | get to the right one. All . So the idea here is we're |
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| 11:50 | to be looking at all four of things. And so you should be |
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| 11:52 | your question. All right, if have to know about skin, what |
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| 11:55 | skin? If I have to know hair? What is hair? If |
|
| 11:58 | have to know about nails? What , what are nails? If I |
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| 12:01 | to know about glands? What are ? What do they do? All |
|
| 12:05 | . And so this slide says, , look, we're gonna talk about |
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| 12:09 | . And so what is skin? has two layers? What are the |
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| 12:13 | layers they're up on the thing? and dermis? All right. And |
|
| 12:17 | , you, you might see those and like they don't mean anything to |
|
| 12:20 | , but they actually tell you something means above. So you have an |
|
| 12:23 | layer and you have a regular So we have the epidermis, which |
|
| 12:26 | the stuff that you see when I a kid in kindergarten, we'd say |
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| 12:30 | epidermis is showing and we'd all giggle people would look down like, oh |
|
| 12:34 | , no, no epidermis is just skip. All right. That's the |
|
| 12:37 | layer. And then underlying that is dermis. And so that's the first |
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| 12:41 | we need to do. And then ask the question, right? If |
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| 12:43 | are given different names, epidermis and , what makes them different? Why |
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| 12:48 | they called different things? Well, is a vascular and plays her own |
|
| 12:54 | . All right. Well, if , it's got to be on the |
|
| 12:57 | . So there you can see this the epidermis. What about the |
|
| 13:00 | What's that? Well, it's the underneath. And if you want to |
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| 13:03 | real fancy, we have this other called the hypodermis, which is not |
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| 13:07 | skin, it's really part of the tissue layer, but because we like |
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| 13:11 | be thorough and kind of throw things a loop, we're gonna throw it |
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| 13:13 | there and it even tells you where located. Hypo means below. All |
|
| 13:19 | . Now, do you see what doing here? I'm, I'm playing |
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| 13:21 | role in organizing information. All if you're reading a textbook, the |
|
| 13:26 | comes at you pretty hard and pretty and usually with lots of words that |
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| 13:30 | don't want to look at. And if you, if you're looking to |
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| 13:33 | the broad question first, what am trying to learn? And you're working |
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| 13:37 | way down, you're going to start the details that kind of stand |
|
| 13:41 | So if I know that the skin of two layers and they're distinct from |
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| 13:45 | other, I now just need to out what those characteristics are. All |
|
| 13:49 | . If hair is distinct from what is the distinction? What makes |
|
| 13:53 | unique and different? Because guess Those are the questions I'm gonna be |
|
| 13:57 | on an exam? All right. if you were sitting there studying, |
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| 14:02 | I am overwhelmed by the information. feel overwhelmed by the amount of information |
|
| 14:07 | had to cover. It's ok to your head and say yes, because |
|
| 14:11 | is, I'm gonna tell you graduate school is no more difficult than |
|
| 14:16 | . It's not, it is just next level of senior class is only |
|
| 14:20 | little bit harder than a junior level . Junior level is only a little |
|
| 14:22 | harder than sophomore. Sophomore is only little bit harder than freshmen. Graduate |
|
| 14:26 | are only a little bit harder than senior level classes. In |
|
| 14:29 | they're mostly equivalent, but you know makes them hard, the vast amount |
|
| 14:34 | information that's coming at you. All , you get this much, much |
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| 14:39 | in this little time. So it's part of the skill in being successful |
|
| 14:44 | learning how to manage the material. organize it. All right. I |
|
| 14:48 | epidermis and I got dermis. What the epidermis different? This, it's |
|
| 14:51 | vascular and it's protecting what's this? where all the vascular shows where all |
|
| 14:55 | nerves are located. It's primarily connective . It's made up differently. All |
|
| 15:01 | , we might even see some smooth and other things in there. So |
|
| 15:04 | not the same material, which is it stands out as being different. |
|
| 15:10 | then the cartoon shows you color it's different. What is the |
|
| 15:14 | Well, it's primarily fat. It's you find the big blood vessels where |
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| 15:17 | find the big nerves. This is be an underlying level. If you've |
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| 15:20 | skinned a chicken, like, gotten actually skinned the chicken, maybe you |
|
| 15:26 | . But I mean, but if get like a piece of chicken meat |
|
| 15:28 | you're taking off that layer of fat stuff, that's the skin. And |
|
| 15:32 | you're seeing left is that hypodermis. , it's a visual representation. All |
|
| 15:37 | . Well, we're gonna be talking the integument. So, what does |
|
| 15:41 | do? Well, with regard to skin and the epidermis versus the |
|
| 15:45 | Well, we know it plays a in protection. Well, what does |
|
| 15:47 | mean to be protective? What am protected from every 10 everything? |
|
| 15:53 | physical biological temperatures, radiation. When go stand out in the sun, |
|
| 15:59 | you catch on fire? No, , you turn a beautiful golden color |
|
| 16:05 | if you're dark skinned, slightly darker skin. All right, your body |
|
| 16:09 | protecting itself from all the horrible things are trying to kill you in this |
|
| 16:13 | , which is everything. All it prevents water from leaving my |
|
| 16:17 | I have water inside. I don't that water to leave in terms of |
|
| 16:22 | . It is metabolically active. What that mean to be metabolically active? |
|
| 16:26 | means remember, chemical reactions, things are being done. So skin doesn't |
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| 16:31 | sit there and protects me. In fact what it does, it |
|
| 16:34 | me to produce vitamin C or excuse me. Vitamin D, I |
|
| 16:39 | know why I said C vitamin All right. What else does? |
|
| 16:42 | does? Well, it allows me get rid of waste. Well, |
|
| 16:44 | I have a system to do Yes. But have you ever noticed |
|
| 16:47 | if you, uh, eat or or drink something, sometimes you'll notice |
|
| 16:52 | smell coming out of your skin. just gonna use garlic as an |
|
| 16:55 | If you eat a lot of you notice that when you sweat, |
|
| 16:58 | smell garlicky, some of those chemicals their way into the body and they |
|
| 17:04 | their way into the secretions of your and they find their way out onto |
|
| 17:07 | surface of the skin. You wanna mosquitoes, eat lots and lots of |
|
| 17:12 | B 12, something about the B makes mosquitoes. Not like you. |
|
| 17:19 | don't know. All right, but kind of gives you a sense. |
|
| 17:22 | it's not just protection. It has these other actions as well. And |
|
| 17:26 | one thing we throw as separate from , it plays a role in |
|
| 17:32 | What does it mean to be Well, that means I've got cells |
|
| 17:36 | proteins and stuff that are watching for that shouldn't come in. So if |
|
| 17:39 | somehow get past this barrier, I've a way to deal with you. |
|
| 17:43 | skin is important because it plays this role, not only in protection, |
|
| 17:48 | it's also responsible for metabolic activity and me get rid of some of the |
|
| 17:52 | that I produce. Well, what the derms do? Well, on |
|
| 17:56 | day, like today, it keeps warm. All right. Temperature |
|
| 18:01 | Right. But the other thing that does is that when it's hot, |
|
| 18:05 | cools me down. All right. it plays a role in temperature |
|
| 18:09 | What else does the dermis do? , this is where all the |
|
| 18:14 | So it helps me detect the world me and that's something that we're going |
|
| 18:18 | explore. So if we put it here on the slide, it must |
|
| 18:21 | something I've got to know again, . Now there are two basic types |
|
| 18:27 | cells. So if we're dealing with , now, tissues are made up |
|
| 18:32 | cells. So we should know what cells are and there are lots of |
|
| 18:36 | cells. But the two major cells keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes are the |
|
| 18:43 | cell. Most of the cells that going to be looking at are going |
|
| 18:45 | be keratinocytes when you see a name you're like, I have no idea |
|
| 18:49 | that weird word or is it means something there. So cy always means |
|
| 18:52 | keratin is a protein. It's a protein, all right. And it's |
|
| 18:58 | is the primary protein of the skin of the hair and of the |
|
| 19:02 | your nails are hard because of Your hair is uh both stiff and |
|
| 19:09 | because of keratin. And I can this to my skin because I've got |
|
| 19:14 | tough material called keratin in it. it's these cells that are responsible for |
|
| 19:19 | and they're connected to each other. talked about these connections by desmosome. |
|
| 19:23 | right. So I got a keratinocyte has these characteristics. I should probably |
|
| 19:27 | those characteristics and I have another cell has different characteristics. So I should |
|
| 19:31 | able to compare and contrast them. is a melanocyte? Well, melanocyte |
|
| 19:36 | an interesting cell. It basically looks different. Uh The cartoon doesn't do |
|
| 19:41 | good job, but it basically has long processes. And this cell produces |
|
| 19:45 | pigment called melanin. And there's different of melanin in the body and we'll |
|
| 19:50 | about that in a moment and what purpose of the melanin is is to |
|
| 19:54 | UV light. So talk about that radiation coming down. It's this cell |
|
| 19:59 | responds to that UV light and start more and more melanin. And it |
|
| 20:02 | just produce it for that cell. it does is it releases the melanin |
|
| 20:06 | of the cell and it gets picked by the keratinocytes. And the keratinocytes |
|
| 20:10 | that melanin and arrange it like an over the nucleus of the cell. |
|
| 20:17 | now when the UV light comes, hits that umbrella and protects that nucleus |
|
| 20:22 | that nucleus will not be modified or . The DNA specifically will not be |
|
| 20:27 | by the UV light. So that's we have these melanocytes. So I |
|
| 20:38 | probably know the difference between those two . So you see what we've |
|
| 20:41 | Now, we've gone from a big integument down to skin to two |
|
| 20:48 | And we're focusing on one layer, focusing on the epidermis. And we |
|
| 20:51 | the question, what kind of cells found here. So we've gone down |
|
| 20:54 | the detail of the cell and now gone down to what does this cell |
|
| 20:58 | ? So this is the type of you should be looking for. How |
|
| 21:02 | I organize information? So it makes to me. So when I go |
|
| 21:05 | home and talk to mom or to dog or whoever I talked to, |
|
| 21:09 | could explain this to them. All , does that kind of make sense |
|
| 21:16 | far? Now, I'm going to it up. So what, |
|
| 21:20 | what, what are we talking about the skin starts with an e |
|
| 21:26 | Do we know anything about the epidermis than the cells right now? |
|
| 21:29 | Should we know more? What do think? Yeah, we should. |
|
| 21:33 | right. So the epidermis is a layer and it consists of five |
|
| 21:38 | five layers, five names. So means means we probably should know the |
|
| 21:41 | between them. OK. So what the five layers? Well, before |
|
| 21:46 | get there, we first need to what type of layers they are. |
|
| 21:50 | a stratified squamous epithelium. OK. , that's something we just learned |
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| 21:55 | stratified lots of layers, squamous flat . And so it is also, |
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| 22:01 | an epithelium but it's also reinis. we just said we have keratin now |
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| 22:07 | the outside reinis cells. Remember we if we don't know the difference and |
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| 22:12 | go into the inside of our Non crain, nice, soft and |
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| 22:16 | hard out here. So that's an way to remember. Carton. All |
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| 22:21 | . So what are the layers? right, we're gonna go from the |
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| 22:25 | and work our way up. All . So you can see they're nice |
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| 22:28 | names and we all took our four of Latin in high school, |
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| 22:32 | I, I love that. She just looked at me like, |
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| 22:34 | you kidding me? Yeah. None us took Latin. I mean, |
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| 22:37 | , let me, did anyone take ? One great, two classical, |
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| 22:43 | people, classical educations. Four All right. For the rest of |
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| 22:48 | we're all lost. I didn't take . I did my very best to |
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| 22:51 | dead languages. My mother got a got her, she majored in Latin |
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| 22:57 | college and she didn't remember a lick it. All right. But the |
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| 23:02 | names are really, really simple, is layer. All right. So |
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| 23:07 | is tell you is that the the layers are named something layer. So |
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| 23:10 | have the basal layer, the spiny , the granular layer, the clear |
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| 23:14 | and the uh the corny is basically spiky layer that's what the corneum |
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| 23:19 | So, the names are descriptive. do I tell you about? |
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| 23:23 | We name things for what they do what they look like. So, |
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| 23:26 | I gotta do now is just know the, what the words kind of |
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| 23:30 | . All right. And you should able to do it lucid. |
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| 23:32 | If I'm lucid, that's clear, clear headed. Right. So, |
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| 23:36 | you don't know what it is, can kind of corny them, it's |
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| 23:39 | you mean corny. Well, think corns on the bottom of your |
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| 23:41 | don't think of like corn that you . All right. They're spiky. |
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| 23:46 | right. So they're just describing So we have a bottom layer that |
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| 23:49 | the basement or the basal layer, bottom layer, then we have a |
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| 23:53 | layer and we're gonna see why it's . And then we have this granular |
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| 23:56 | because it has Granules and then we a clear layer because it's clear. |
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| 24:04 | isn't, it's, it's not as when you just look at it like |
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| 24:09 | . So if you're again looking at big picture, we got the |
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| 24:12 | the integument has two layers. The is one of those layers. It |
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| 24:16 | five layers. So there's that organization . And then now we just got |
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| 24:19 | find out why are they different from other? Well, the basal |
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| 24:22 | we said it's the deepest layer. it's attached to the dermis. So |
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| 24:27 | in contact with the dermis. All , it has this unique arrangement. |
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| 24:32 | are called the epidermal ridges and the ridges gives you grip. It allows |
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| 24:36 | to grow, grab things. If take your hand and roll it across |
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| 24:40 | desk, you feel vibrations as you along. Part of that, the |
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| 24:45 | part is you're detecting vibration because you're your fingers and you have receptors to |
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| 24:49 | that. But the reason the vibrations in the first place is because your |
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| 24:52 | are trying to grip onto that Those fingerprints that you have are the |
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| 25:00 | of the epidermal ridges. All What I have fingerprints, people can |
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| 25:06 | me now so I can grab What else have we got? |
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| 25:11 | if it's a single layer, it's layer of cells. And so that's |
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| 25:15 | you're looking at that one layer of right? There is a stratum |
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| 25:18 | it is made up mostly of And then every now and then you're |
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| 25:22 | to have a melanocyte in there. I'm not going to try to tell |
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| 25:25 | the ratio because the ratio just is heavily favor of the keratinocytes. And |
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| 25:30 | cells are rapidly dividing, constantly dividing making new keratinocytes. And when they |
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| 25:35 | new keratinocytes, they're being pushed upward into the next layer. And the |
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| 25:40 | layer is a stratum spinosa, the layer. And in the stratum |
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| 25:45 | what we have is we have multiple and really all you're doing here, |
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| 25:48 | you can imagine if I was a looking the first time at this, |
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| 25:52 | looking at OK, you got a of cells that stands distinct from all |
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| 25:55 | other because these other cells are really of spiky looking. But then there's |
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| 25:58 | group of cells over here that have these dots. So I'm just gonna |
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| 26:02 | these mini layers, the spiny That's where the name came from. |
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| 26:07 | right. So these cells are going a dividing cell down here and they're |
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| 26:13 | a specialized non dividing cell. They're to be the ones that turn into |
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| 26:18 | cells that are gonna be that protective at the very, very top. |
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| 26:22 | , they're connected to each other by . And that means those melanocytes are |
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| 26:26 | melanocytes because by uh um desmosome. so what's happening is is they pull |
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| 26:31 | each other and that's what gives them spiky appearance, they start flattening out |
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| 26:36 | they have those kind of that sharp to them. And then as they're |
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| 26:42 | along and differentiating what they're doing is now starting to produce these Granules, |
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| 26:47 | Granules are going to consist of All right. So you can start |
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| 26:54 | now. Oh OK. So I'm as a cell, which makes me |
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| 27:00 | and these distinctions are going to be of the characteristics is the keratin, |
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| 27:03 | keratin is what makes my cells tough I'm moving further and further away from |
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| 27:08 | basement, I have no blood And so I'm going to start differentiating |
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| 27:13 | dying off. So at the bottom , this is where we have a |
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| 27:17 | of the, of the living But as we start moving a little |
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| 27:20 | further up and there's about two or layers of cells there, that's when |
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| 27:24 | cells are getting so far away that going to begin dying, they're far |
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| 27:29 | from the vasculature. So they're gonna losing their organelles and they're gonna reorganize |
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| 27:36 | into these flat pancakes like cells that gonna be the protective layers that you |
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| 27:40 | up top. So characteristic of a site Granules and they're dying and they're |
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| 27:49 | their organelles, spinosa, their living , but they're starting to change. |
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| 27:55 | no longer gonna be dividing so much square and they're dividing like mad and |
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| 28:03 | only one layer of them. what's weird is we have this |
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| 28:07 | the stratum lucidum. All right. lucidum is a layer that it looks |
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| 28:14 | and you can see in the they try to draw it here as |
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| 28:17 | . All right. Now, you see this in one type of |
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| 28:21 | All right, your body consists of types of skin. We have thick |
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| 28:24 | and thin skin. OK. If had to guess where do you think |
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| 28:29 | thin skin is located? It's using hand only where, where that would |
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| 28:36 | not thin skin. This would be . There. Is your thin |
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| 28:42 | All right. So your whole body covered in thin skin. But there's |
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| 28:46 | places on your body where you have skin, palms of my hand, |
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| 28:50 | of my feet. All right. why do we have them there? |
|
| 28:53 | , because we have to have a of protection. It's this thicker layer |
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| 28:57 | we have a specialized keratin protein. right. Uh This keratin is uh |
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| 29:02 | Kra Hial. It doesn't look um, as dark as the other |
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| 29:08 | , it's actually fairly clear, but absorbs UV light. Now, when |
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| 29:14 | light skin like me, it's really to tell the difference. You can |
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| 29:17 | here. It looks more or less same, right? But if you're |
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| 29:21 | skin does the back of your hand like the front of your hand, |
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| 29:23 | the palm of your hand. it's a little bit lighter, isn't |
|
| 29:27 | ? Right. And the reason for is not because you're hiding it from |
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| 29:30 | . Light. It's because it absorbs light a lot better. And so |
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| 29:33 | don't produce as much melanin on the of your feet and on the |
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| 29:36 | uh or in the palms of your . All right. But it's a |
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| 29:40 | layer. If you slip and fall catch yourself on your hands, do |
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| 29:44 | bleed? No, you usually just a scrape, you get up and |
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| 29:48 | like curse a little bit. But you fall and land on your |
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| 29:51 | Do you bleed usually? Yes. . Because you have thinner skin |
|
| 29:57 | It's not as protective. Lucidum is , tough, tough. If you |
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| 30:02 | guitar, you get those or work or stuff you get calluses. That's |
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| 30:06 | lucidum just getting thicker and thicker and . All right. So it's a |
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| 30:12 | layer. So this protein Elyn creo , it's, it's a mixture of |
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| 30:20 | and then the last layer is the . This is the outer layer. |
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| 30:24 | is what you look at. It's flaky stuff up here. It is |
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| 30:29 | thick, multiple multiple layers of but it doesn't look as thick as |
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| 30:33 | the other layers. And the reason this point is because the cell has |
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| 30:37 | itself down into a pancake, it no organelles anymore. The proteins that |
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| 30:42 | there are fused with the fats in . And what you've now created is |
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| 30:46 | flat protective barrier and they're still connected desmond zones. And so what you |
|
| 30:52 | now is something that looks more like scale and it scales on top of |
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| 30:55 | , on top of scales, on of scales. And so you have |
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| 30:57 | multiple layers of cells that don't want separate, that pro produces waterproof |
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| 31:03 | So things can't get in and things get out and to get rid of |
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| 31:06 | , it takes a lot of effort you shed this stuff all the time |
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| 31:11 | as you go through life, the layer gets kind of sloughed off and |
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| 31:16 | got the bottom layers pushing up and the these layers as well. All |
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| 31:23 | . So the corneum is a tough outside and this is why you can |
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| 31:29 | there and do this all day long not hurt yourself because I got layers |
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| 31:34 | layers of protective cells. So what I need to know about the |
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| 31:41 | How many layers, five different types characteristics for all five of them? |
|
| 31:46 | you think you're gonna get a question one of those layers? Yes, |
|
| 31:50 | will. All right. This is I'm trying to get you to think |
|
| 31:53 | . There is nothing I'm gonna ask on the test that you can't get |
|
| 31:58 | this information and why? All I'm gonna back up here for a |
|
| 32:01 | . You can put your pins down like one minute. Why do I |
|
| 32:04 | frustrated when I see those grades up ? I'm just gonna tell you this |
|
| 32:08 | , right? This is not this is not a secret. I |
|
| 32:11 | you the same test I gave last , which I gave the semester |
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| 32:14 | which I gave the se semester before so on and so on for 12 |
|
| 32:17 | . I've given this test. All . So I can look and I |
|
| 32:21 | see how is this class performing relative all my other classes? So this |
|
| 32:26 | where I know is that your studying ? No, because I see how |
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| 32:30 | guys study. I can see how time you spend on the homework. |
|
| 32:34 | not a lot of fun doing By the way, there's only 400 |
|
| 32:36 | you going through and looking at time stuff. But what I'm telling you |
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| 32:42 | is I haven't made the hard class harder. I haven't made the test |
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| 32:46 | difficult. I haven't done anything What I'm seeing here is a lack |
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| 32:52 | knowing how to study, how to myself. And part of it is |
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| 32:57 | people before me just decided. no, no. It's a hard |
|
| 33:03 | . We'll just, we'll, we'll you pass, but we can't let |
|
| 33:07 | happen. You gotta know the All right, you gotta know the |
|
| 33:11 | because I'm old and you guys are be taking care of me. I |
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| 33:16 | you're looking at me. I'm not care of you. No, |
|
| 33:18 | you're gonna, you're gonna have to there's an oath that goes with |
|
| 33:22 | All right. So when you look this stuff, ask my, ask |
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| 33:26 | , how do I organize this? do I make this more understandable for |
|
| 33:30 | ? Write this down. Don't sit and just type and read. |
|
| 33:36 | So we've done part thing now, going to get back to the |
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| 33:39 | We've done, we've done one little here. We've looked at epi |
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| 33:45 | So now we have to look at . All right. Now, this |
|
| 33:50 | right here. Oh, actually, have some stuff about function. All |
|
| 33:53 | . Um This is just a slide just basically talks about thick versus |
|
| 33:57 | All right. So it's a nice compare contrast. What's the difference between |
|
| 34:00 | and thin, thick are in places I'm gonna be doing work? So |
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| 34:04 | has the five layers thin lax the lucidum. So it doesn't have |
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| 34:12 | How does it know it's not supposed happen? I don't know, it |
|
| 34:15 | doesn't. All right. So that's difference. And you can just do |
|
| 34:18 | contrast. There's thick, there's one of the characteristics of thick, |
|
| 34:22 | has sweat glands. Have you noticed you get nervous, your hands get |
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| 34:24 | sweaty? Yeah. OK. Have noticed you don't have P A hair |
|
| 34:27 | the palms of your hands? There's joke that goes with that. |
|
| 34:30 | we're not gonna go to that. right. On the back of your |
|
| 34:34 | . You have hair, maybe really thin hair, but you do |
|
| 34:37 | hair. So that's a characteristic No hair. All right. And |
|
| 34:43 | how we just how we organize the , something broad big and we work |
|
| 34:50 | down to the detail. If you're the other direction. If you're trying |
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| 34:54 | memorize all the details, you're never succeed in the, in the class |
|
| 34:57 | the information gets too jumbled. All , that's what I'm trying to get |
|
| 35:01 | away from think downward. Don't think , which might be very new for |
|
| 35:05 | of you. Now, what do things do? Well, the |
|
| 35:08 | we said, protects it, protects foreign invaders. So, one of |
|
| 35:12 | things that we have is we have cell in here that we're just |
|
| 35:16 | Now we're bringing it up because it's not really part of the dermal |
|
| 35:20 | . It's not epithelial nature. It's an immune cell that comes in and |
|
| 35:26 | and what this cell is called, called an epidermal dendritic cell. It |
|
| 35:29 | named after a person Langerhans. Langerhans the name. And then a couple |
|
| 35:33 | years ago, we decided to take everybody's names. So it's the Langerhans |
|
| 35:37 | . But now we just call it epidermal dendritic cell. Dendrite means |
|
| 35:42 | You're gonna see dendrite again over and again. So think like a tree |
|
| 35:45 | . So if you're looking at a and it's called a dendritic cell, |
|
| 35:47 | do you think it has branches? right. And what it is, |
|
| 35:53 | a macrophage and what it does it in and sits in the skin and |
|
| 35:55 | sits there and goes, I'm gonna out here for a while. You |
|
| 35:58 | mind if I hang out here for while and the skin is like, |
|
| 36:00 | , yeah, sure. Go ahead all it's doing is it's looking to |
|
| 36:02 | if something comes along. So when go and scrape your knee and then |
|
| 36:06 | little bacteria from the, from the comes in to that skin, that |
|
| 36:10 | dendritic cell is going to see that and go, this does not |
|
| 36:14 | And so what I'm gonna do is going to attack it and then I'm |
|
| 36:17 | to send a signal to the immune to say, hey, guess |
|
| 36:20 | We got foreign invaders. So get ready for foreign invasion. That's how |
|
| 36:25 | immune cell system works. More or . That's like the kindergarten version I |
|
| 36:30 | . All right. So that's, have a special thing. So |
|
| 36:34 | we protect against foreign invasion. We skin color. I bring this up |
|
| 36:41 | people make a big deal about skin and really what is skin color? |
|
| 36:45 | basically the presence of a pigment We all have melanin. There's different |
|
| 36:50 | of melanin. So darker skins have this melanin called um melanin, darker |
|
| 36:55 | has um melanin. And then if have more of a lighter skin |
|
| 37:00 | you have the melanin. That doesn't that you only have one or the |
|
| 37:04 | . We have all of these, the proportion that's being produced is genetically |
|
| 37:10 | . All right. Now, here's fun part about melanin. All |
|
| 37:14 | we have the same number of It does not matter how light or |
|
| 37:18 | dark you are, we have the number of melanocytes. It matters. |
|
| 37:21 | doesn't matter at all. What they're is how much are they producing? |
|
| 37:26 | right. So if you have darker , those same number of melanocytes are |
|
| 37:29 | more melanin. If you have lighter , you're producing less melanin. That's |
|
| 37:34 | key thing if you have freckles or . Well, those are localized accumulations |
|
| 37:40 | melanin. So what is it? just a pigment. Now, this |
|
| 37:46 | the stuff when we think about skin , this is usually what we think |
|
| 37:49 | and it's showing you how here's that , you can see how it has |
|
| 37:53 | the stuff uh the uh dendrites coming . It's a little spider like |
|
| 37:57 | As you can see in the little , the little dots are rep representing |
|
| 38:01 | Granules, they're getting accumulated. Um can see here that the artist is |
|
| 38:06 | to depict how they're arranging themselves over surface of the nucleus facing the direction |
|
| 38:11 | which UV light comes in. There other pigments. We have pigment in |
|
| 38:16 | in our blood called hemoglobin. The is the, is the pigment. |
|
| 38:20 | that gives us that pink issue, know. So when you get |
|
| 38:24 | what color does your skin turn So there that's a pigment, but |
|
| 38:29 | don't really count it that much. If you eat a lot of uh |
|
| 38:33 | vegetables, you know, the easy is carrots, but there are other |
|
| 38:38 | , what you'll do is you'll pick a pigment from these things called |
|
| 38:42 | So again, I know you guys too young, but there used to |
|
| 38:45 | the show the Jersey Shore. Do remember that? Ok. What was |
|
| 38:49 | girl's name? Suki? Huh. . Snooky. Yeah. See, |
|
| 38:55 | never watched it. I was too . Um, but what color was |
|
| 38:58 | skin? It was orange. Shizuma . All right. Why is |
|
| 39:03 | Because that was a natural skin No. Uh, she used, |
|
| 39:07 | , tanning lotion. So, if ever seen the tanning lotion, like |
|
| 39:11 | Soleil tanning lotion? It's Carotene. what it does is it finds its |
|
| 39:14 | to the fat layers in the And so it gives you that orangish |
|
| 39:19 | . All right, we wanna make of somebody. We can make fun |
|
| 39:21 | Donald Trump. What color is his orange? Why? Because he uses |
|
| 39:26 | the tanning solution to basically give him color. It's a jersey thing. |
|
| 39:30 | I don't know why but it So, but that's what that |
|
| 39:34 | It's just a pigment and it accumulates . So these are just examples. |
|
| 39:38 | primary pigment is gonna be melanin, there are other pigments that give rise |
|
| 39:42 | the color of your skin. The thing that we do is we detect |
|
| 39:46 | surrounding environment. All right. So gonna deal with nerves here. |
|
| 39:50 | in the epidermis, there are only basic types of nerve fibers that you'll |
|
| 39:56 | there that find their way up All right, one is called the |
|
| 40:00 | disc or the merkel disc. And you can see the fiber works its |
|
| 40:02 | through the dermis, but the actual is located in the, in the |
|
| 40:06 | Bazal. All right. So if can detect something at that level, |
|
| 40:11 | that's just going to sit and hey, we're being touched. All |
|
| 40:14 | . So the type of mechanoreceptor, right. So fine touch and |
|
| 40:18 | That's an example. But the other is a free nerve ending. And |
|
| 40:21 | is what we, when we think nerves is what we think about. |
|
| 40:23 | you can see here is a nerve , it travels up, it penetrates |
|
| 40:27 | and it just kind of spreads And so it's kind of just detecting |
|
| 40:29 | the environment. All right. So deal with things like light touch. |
|
| 40:34 | if you have tickles, so it you. That's what you're detecting is |
|
| 40:37 | free nerve ending. Um itching, is a more complex uh uh |
|
| 40:44 | It actually deals with a chemical as as touch and some other things. |
|
| 40:49 | it's what we consider to be noxious is something that your body doesn't |
|
| 40:55 | , right? So if something smells , we call that noxious fumes, |
|
| 41:00 | ? So that's what an itch is it's done through free nerve ending. |
|
| 41:04 | notice where this is happening. This on that outer layer. Do we |
|
| 41:07 | here that there's lots of other fibers here and lots of other nerve ending |
|
| 41:11 | the dermis. Yeah. So the of detection is gonna be done in |
|
| 41:17 | dermis. The epidermis has a very basic sense of touch because of |
|
| 41:23 | fibers. Another thing we said, we said there was these functionalities. |
|
| 41:28 | we've described a couple, we've got immune functionality we described over here. |
|
| 41:32 | protection from UV. Here we're talking just detecting the environment. Another type |
|
| 41:38 | thing that the skin does is that is responsible for producing vitamin D. |
|
| 41:45 | how do we get vitamin D? , what you do is you take |
|
| 41:49 | ? Remember how terrible cholesterol is for . Everyone tells you cholesterol don't eat |
|
| 41:52 | , bad cholesterol, cholesterol. cholesterol is one of the most important |
|
| 41:56 | you can get in your body because your steroids are made from it and |
|
| 41:59 | only your steroids but your vitamin D vitamin D is made from UV. |
|
| 42:05 | taking cholesterol and converting it into the form. Vitamin D three. And |
|
| 42:10 | that gets processed by the liver and the kidney and then you have its |
|
| 42:14 | active form and that allows you to calcium in your diet. Where do |
|
| 42:19 | get your vitamin D from? For most part? Because we sit inside |
|
| 42:22 | day long. We don't stay outside get it from making it in the |
|
| 42:25 | . Where do you guys get Hm. Fortified. What milk does |
|
| 42:40 | body good? Have you seen all milk ads? I mean, when |
|
| 42:42 | a kid milk, milk, everyone drink milk, mom. You |
|
| 42:45 | the thing that says fortified vitamin, vitamin D, why, why do |
|
| 42:49 | do that? Well, because there's in milk and if you give the |
|
| 42:51 | D right there, you can absorb up. You can take your calcium |
|
| 42:54 | the same time, you get strong , you go out and you conquer |
|
| 42:57 | world. At least that's what the used to tell me. All |
|
| 43:02 | But naturally we can make it We do not have to drink fortified |
|
| 43:06 | . All we gotta do is go outside for a while. We are |
|
| 43:10 | to be outside. We're not meant be stuck in classrooms, still come |
|
| 43:14 | class but study outside. There you . So we spend a lot of |
|
| 43:20 | talking about the epidermis, dermis. thing, we're going to organize |
|
| 43:24 | So, epidermis versus dermis. What the characteristics? That's a really simple |
|
| 43:28 | to kind of look at things. right, when I get down to |
|
| 43:30 | epidermis, I have the five When I get to the dermis, |
|
| 43:32 | have two layers. The outer layer called the papillary layer. The inner |
|
| 43:37 | is called the reticular layer. Papillary means fingers or hairs, pillows, |
|
| 43:45 | uh I think it's hers. All . But here we can look at |
|
| 43:48 | papillary layer. So you can see the little cartoon they actually show you |
|
| 43:52 | division because it is visual under a that you can see these two |
|
| 43:57 | So remember we had these ridges going and down, we call those epidermal |
|
| 44:01 | on this side. Well, on other side, we call these uh |
|
| 44:07 | papilla, dermal for the derma side for those little fingers. And they |
|
| 44:12 | interlock. And this is why your doesn't come flying off because we talked |
|
| 44:16 | the hemidesmosome locking things in place. because you have these digits, when |
|
| 44:20 | try to move one versus the they're stuck in place. So epidermal |
|
| 44:26 | is going down, dermal papillae going , they're complementary to each other. |
|
| 44:33 | , what's unique about the uh papillary is that it's made up of a |
|
| 44:37 | tissue and the type of connective tissue the areolar connective tissue. So what |
|
| 44:42 | it mean to be areolar? Mostly blast, terribly unorganized, lots of |
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| 44:46 | in there and then you move down the reticular layer and here we're gonna |
|
| 44:51 | a dense irregular connective tissue. So a little bit more organized a little |
|
| 44:56 | than, than before, mostly collagen . And what they do is they |
|
| 45:02 | parallel to the skin surface and what create are things called cleavage lines. |
|
| 45:07 | right. So here is an example what cleavage lines are and why are |
|
| 45:13 | so important? Well, if you a surgeon and you're cutting somebody, |
|
| 45:17 | want to cut along a cleavage line what's gonna happen is is that the |
|
| 45:23 | when it gets cut will separate loosely . So because the fibers are running |
|
| 45:29 | the length of that cut, they're in the same direction. But if |
|
| 45:33 | cut in a direction parallel to those fibers are going to pull away |
|
| 45:38 | you create this massive horrible scar. so it's a lot harder to heal |
|
| 45:43 | . Have you heard that? With surgery, they use glue, |
|
| 45:47 | ? So basically, if you cut way, you just put a little |
|
| 45:50 | in there and just stick it together it just holds in place. But |
|
| 45:53 | you cut the wrong way, you're just stitch it all up to hold |
|
| 45:57 | together. A lot worse, a harder to uh, to repair. |
|
| 46:03 | as you move down, what you'll is you can see the little blood |
|
| 46:07 | in the cartoon. So where we with the epidermis being nonvascular with very |
|
| 46:13 | nerves here, we have lots of . Have you ever cut yourself? |
|
| 46:17 | you didn't bleed? Yeah. You went through the epidermis into the |
|
| 46:22 | If you cut yourself and you're you've made your way down to the |
|
| 46:26 | . All right. So blood vessels here. So all the cells up |
|
| 46:30 | the epidermis are dependent upon the blood found in the dermis to provide their |
|
| 46:35 | . We have a whole bunch of fibers that are located as, as |
|
| 46:38 | here as well. The reason we this is responsible for temperature regulation is |
|
| 46:44 | it's where the blood vessels are when get hot. Your body gets |
|
| 46:48 | it wants to shed that heat. it moves blood to the surface to |
|
| 46:52 | dermis and vasodilates. So now you more blood there so the heat can |
|
| 46:56 | outward. Right. That's when you flush, your skin turns red because |
|
| 47:02 | the blood being near. And when get cold, like today, your |
|
| 47:06 | vessels slam shut and it keeps the , uh, more towards the |
|
| 47:11 | The other thing that we have, you can look at your hand to |
|
| 47:13 | these, you have flex your And really what you're doing here is |
|
| 47:16 | are points where uh you have points contact that attach the skin uh downward |
|
| 47:22 | inward. So that when you bend body in different ways, like your |
|
| 47:26 | bends, it has a point of . So your skin doesn't just flop |
|
| 47:31 | . These are the flex your So flex your lines versus cleavage |
|
| 47:38 | All right, this will be the time you see these and you will |
|
| 47:47 | asked one question on these different types fibers later on when we come back |
|
| 47:54 | neurons. Um we'll talk about these little bit more closely. All |
|
| 47:59 | And I've reversed the orders just so you can keep them simple. So |
|
| 48:03 | you want to, you can put pointing out here. So I'm just |
|
| 48:05 | from shallow to deepest. All So the most shallow type of sensor |
|
| 48:12 | is called the miser's core pus, a tactile core. Pus, see |
|
| 48:16 | near the surface. So if it's the surface, the type of things |
|
| 48:18 | going to detect are going to be things that are near the surface. |
|
| 48:21 | it's a light touch, light pressure very, very low frequency vibrations. |
|
| 48:26 | don't go very deep. All And then as you move downward you're |
|
| 48:30 | see Ruffin's core puzzles. Now, , they're very, very different. |
|
| 48:33 | not gonna go into that today. just showing you where things are. |
|
| 48:37 | right. So in Ruffin's core what you have is you have a |
|
| 48:40 | structure and it's kind of mid, range, it's looking for manipulation of |
|
| 48:46 | um of the dermis itself. And we're dealing primarily with pressure and distortion |
|
| 48:52 | then down low at the deepest this is where you have the Pacinian |
|
| 48:55 | puss and these are all named after person. So it's easier to, |
|
| 48:59 | can, you can learn the tactile laminated. But I think, |
|
| 49:03 | knowing the names is a little bit in this case. And so |
|
| 49:05 | you're down in the deep reticular And so these are gonna be deep |
|
| 49:09 | , deep vibrations, those things that like very, very large. So |
|
| 49:14 | they can make it that far that's when you're detecting it. So |
|
| 49:19 | does the dermis play a role Does it play a role in |
|
| 49:25 | Yes or no, no. Who played the role in protection, |
|
| 49:30 | . So what role did the dermis ? Well, it provides the |
|
| 49:33 | What else does it do? because it has the blood vessels, |
|
| 49:36 | plays a role in temperature regulation. , we have all these nerves. |
|
| 49:38 | it plays a role in sensory So that's the role of the dermis |
|
| 49:43 | to the epidermis. So now you a compare and contrast again, do |
|
| 49:46 | notice how on those open ended I have a lot of things saying |
|
| 49:49 | and contrast, this compare and This and the reason is, is |
|
| 49:53 | that's the way you should organize If I know a, then I |
|
| 49:56 | already know B Sesame Street. You remember Sesame Street? Did you watch |
|
| 50:02 | Street? Do you remember the One of these things is not like |
|
| 50:06 | others, right? Why is this important song? Everything you need to |
|
| 50:10 | in life, you can learn through or you learn in kindergarten or you |
|
| 50:14 | on Sesame Street? It's just, just make it more complex. One |
|
| 50:18 | the things is not like the That means if I learn the one |
|
| 50:20 | that's different than I know all the ones. Ain't that nice. So |
|
| 50:26 | all you're doing here is identify the of information that's important and set that |
|
| 50:31 | and then go OK, there's an that goes to that and that's what |
|
| 50:35 | doing here. So we've just covered skin the skin is basically two |
|
| 50:41 | Epidermis and dermis, epidermis has these . Dermis has these features and now |
|
| 50:45 | just jump into the next thing. is hair? Give me a chick |
|
| 50:50 | hair, long, beautiful hair. a song from the sixties. I'm |
|
| 50:56 | that old. Yeah, I know days it might feel like it. |
|
| 51:01 | yeah. No. Um All So what is here? Basically, |
|
| 51:05 | the same type of cells but it's differently and it has a different type |
|
| 51:09 | keratin in it. It's called card . But the organization is the |
|
| 51:14 | This is the reason why we talk skin first because it has functionally the |
|
| 51:19 | material that's there. It's tough, durable. The individual cells themselves do |
|
| 51:23 | flake off. It's a bad thing they start doing. So. And |
|
| 51:27 | the hair cells are organized in a way. The hair cells are organized |
|
| 51:33 | shingles on a roof. All So if you've ever looked at a |
|
| 51:37 | , you have a shingle underneath You have another one and another one |
|
| 51:39 | this. So if this one becomes , it's stuck there because the one |
|
| 51:43 | sitting on top of it won't let go. And you can see in |
|
| 51:46 | picture right here what that kind of like. All right. And I |
|
| 51:51 | this slide because it's just pictures I off the internet. So what is |
|
| 51:54 | function? Notice we're doing the same structurally fairly simple function. What does |
|
| 52:01 | look like? Well, it plays role in protection, sunburn, right |
|
| 52:06 | your head, nasal and ear protection don't go creepy crawling into those org |
|
| 52:11 | because the hair is in the What about the eyes? Well, |
|
| 52:15 | got eyebrows. You ever wonder why have eyebrows and eyelashes? It's like |
|
| 52:19 | would I ever need eyebrows because they're natural sweat bands. When you sweat |
|
| 52:25 | sweat drips down your forehead, it that eyebrow and that, that orbital |
|
| 52:30 | and that eyebrow pushes the water away the eye and towards the midline, |
|
| 52:36 | your nose or towards the edge. mass. What about eyelashes while they |
|
| 52:44 | dust away? All right, they heat. I'll tell you about specter |
|
| 52:52 | , but well, I'll tell you specter. This is Arlen Specter. |
|
| 52:55 | ever heard of that guy's name? is the guy that produced many of |
|
| 52:59 | Beatles albums and he was insane. right, this is an exaggerated. |
|
| 53:03 | he was arrested in L A after threatened the life of a model that |
|
| 53:07 | had basically kidnapped and put, shoved gun in her mouth. And so |
|
| 53:11 | went to trial for attempted murder. so this is him at his |
|
| 53:16 | but someone took the picture because he to show up with this crazy uh |
|
| 53:21 | . And then what did he They took this and they photoshopped it |
|
| 53:24 | made it like big. So that's I love the picture, but an |
|
| 53:28 | nut. All right. And it why do we have hair on our |
|
| 53:33 | to hold in heat? Did your ever tell you wear your hat when |
|
| 53:38 | cold outside? Because 80% of your losses through your head or something like |
|
| 53:42 | . I don't know if that's Sensory reception. Ever noticed a spider |
|
| 53:46 | some other horrible thing crawling on your ? No, never had a spider |
|
| 53:50 | on you. Oh, it's the . All right. Have you ever |
|
| 53:54 | through a spider web? All So that little tiny thread that's almost |
|
| 54:00 | . Why do you feel it because got hairs that bend and they have |
|
| 54:03 | that are located, are associated with hairs. And so you start detecting |
|
| 54:07 | and that's where you're like freaking right? They visual identifier. All |
|
| 54:12 | . Now I'm showing, uh, for age, right? So even |
|
| 54:17 | you shave off underarm hair, you have underarm hair, you're just playing |
|
| 54:21 | role of getting rid of it right your face. If you're shaving, |
|
| 54:26 | still have hair there, right? these are identifiers of both sex and |
|
| 54:31 | age when you have hair growing when used to be no hair there when |
|
| 54:35 | hit puberty and you started getting a hair. That was an identifier to |
|
| 54:39 | that you are now sexually mature that capable of reproducing. All right. |
|
| 54:44 | it's a signifier it distinguishes the immature or the immature child to the mature |
|
| 54:51 | . Now, notice those two terms there do not mean that you're a |
|
| 54:54 | person or that you should be It's just a biological characteristic. That's |
|
| 54:59 | I'm trying to get at all. . So that's one thing, but |
|
| 55:03 | other thing is hair is an Have you noticed that you learned what |
|
| 55:07 | look like based on how they arrange hair or use their, do their |
|
| 55:11 | , right? And when they get haircut, it just throws you off |
|
| 55:15 | you're like, I, I didn't you, right? We use it |
|
| 55:20 | to identify sex sometimes. I would you say that there are male |
|
| 55:24 | and female haircuts? There are, you interchange them? Yes. And |
|
| 55:29 | we do that, what do we those unisex haircuts? All right. |
|
| 55:34 | there's some that are more masculine and are some that are more feminine, |
|
| 55:40 | ? They're identifiers. The other thing they do is we use uh hair |
|
| 55:45 | a way to disperse chemical signals. , this is a little bit weirder |
|
| 55:50 | humans. It's more something that you'd in animals, but it's true for |
|
| 55:54 | , we're just, we like to of ourselves as being more evolved. |
|
| 55:57 | not um we sweat under our Well, let me just put it |
|
| 56:01 | way. Have you noticed that people their own smell? Yeah. |
|
| 56:05 | Well, part of the reason that able to detect that smell is because |
|
| 56:07 | have hair on your body that actually bacteria that are producing those smells. |
|
| 56:11 | then that hair serves as a means disperse that, that smell. All |
|
| 56:17 | . I mean, you're not like skunk where you're like, ok, |
|
| 56:21 | hair holds the smell in place. a functionally a way to, to |
|
| 56:27 | scent. Now, why do we to disperse scent? What do you |
|
| 56:35 | ? Who has a bay boyfriend? do you have here? Do you |
|
| 56:43 | the way they smell? Yeah. know why? Because that chemical attraction |
|
| 56:49 | , she gets picked on. she's down the front row. You |
|
| 56:52 | a chemical attraction to them. They out a signal part of that |
|
| 56:56 | You know, and that's not the thing that attracted you to them. |
|
| 56:58 | mean, it's, it's, it's , it's a, an affirm of |
|
| 57:01 | attraction. Right. That's why we perfumes and colognes because they affirm. |
|
| 57:12 | , because the hair holds that smell your body. Bacteria live on your |
|
| 57:17 | and use that as a form of . That's a good question. Why |
|
| 57:20 | this have to do anything? You be asking that question all the |
|
| 57:23 | What does this have to do with ? Why do I have to know |
|
| 57:25 | ? Because you'll find out sometimes it's , do I really need to know |
|
| 57:28 | ? No, I don't. It's an interesting little fact. That's a |
|
| 57:30 | question. But hair hold it. think about where hair grows. All |
|
| 57:36 | , we're mature in adults. You see what it says up here. |
|
| 57:38 | is the hair growing in this particular ? I say axillary, which is |
|
| 57:45 | pubic areas. Where are your pubic ? Why do we have hair |
|
| 57:53 | Well, I told you one is signifier to say this is me being |
|
| 57:59 | mature, right? I am now enough to reproduce that hair there tells |
|
| 58:05 | , you gotta presume you're not wearing and yada, yada yada, |
|
| 58:08 | But why would I have hair grow just because it's pointing? No, |
|
| 58:13 | it also holds scent. And that is a signifier of ovulation and of |
|
| 58:20 | and all sorts of other fun stuff to see in animals. We might |
|
| 58:24 | to not think about it in but it is true in humans as |
|
| 58:28 | . So there, all right, function structure. What do we deal |
|
| 58:33 | in terms of structure, structure is , very similar. We have a |
|
| 58:40 | , the shaft is a portion of hair that sits above the root is |
|
| 58:44 | below the surface of the skin. if you grab a hair and you |
|
| 58:48 | it out, you'll see this is portion that sat above and then there's |
|
| 58:50 | little portion that sat below, that's root. All right, they are |
|
| 58:55 | cells. Which part where, where we see the epithelial when we talked |
|
| 58:58 | the skin, epi, oral epidermis dermis, epi. So you can |
|
| 59:05 | see hair has the same source as . All right, because it's |
|
| 59:12 | And what happened is, is very on in development. While you were |
|
| 59:15 | little tiny embryo, your skin was . And then what happened is you |
|
| 59:19 | an imagination of that skin and it down and it formed this structure. |
|
| 59:26 | right, this is the hair bulb the hair bulb is where hair is |
|
| 59:32 | . And you can see out here the dark purple that would be |
|
| 59:37 | right? And then out here there's pink and we're just sticking with the |
|
| 59:41 | colors that we we started with. this pink stuff represents epidermal. That's |
|
| 59:47 | that's where it comes from. So the outside, we have this dermal |
|
| 59:51 | and then the hair itself is epidermal nature, it's epithelial cells. |
|
| 59:58 | this bulb is the origin and you see down here, we have this |
|
| 60:03 | called the pilla. And in the , this is where the living cells |
|
| 60:07 | . This would be uh consistent or to the stratum Bisoli. And so |
|
| 60:11 | have these multiplying epithelial cells that are more and more cells and they move |
|
| 60:16 | and migrate and that's where your hair and it's growing outward, then the |
|
| 60:20 | die as they move further away from matrix. And then they create that |
|
| 60:25 | structure like what you see here. so your hair has three parts to |
|
| 60:34 | . If you pluck a hair, it and look through. This is |
|
| 60:37 | you'd see. The inside is the . The outside region of that medulla |
|
| 60:43 | called the cortex. And the very layer of the cortex is called the |
|
| 60:47 | . All right now, medulla and is a word you're gonna see over |
|
| 60:50 | over and over again. In mela means middle cortex means outside. |
|
| 60:54 | all. Whenever you see it, you just think those terms. All |
|
| 60:58 | . Now, the meduna is a of those soft cells that matrix, |
|
| 61:05 | right. So it's those dividing cells so they're sorry. So here this |
|
| 61:12 | a softer structure. And so the that your hair is able to bend |
|
| 61:16 | because it has a soft interior. on the outside, that's where those |
|
| 61:21 | got compressed and moved away from the . So this is flattened cells and |
|
| 61:26 | that harder keratin. This is why is hot, is stiff, so |
|
| 61:32 | , scent inside, stiff outside. the two characteristics together give those unique |
|
| 61:37 | to the hair. And then that , that outer layer of the cortex |
|
| 61:41 | a cuticle. And this is where can see that overlying shingle structure that |
|
| 61:44 | described earlier. So in terms of , what do I need to |
|
| 61:49 | Well, hair has three parts, ? Has a medulla cortex and a |
|
| 61:54 | . How is it formed? it starts in the bulb, the |
|
| 61:58 | portion above the uh of the skin called the shaft. The stuff below |
|
| 62:02 | surface of the skin is called the at the in the bulb. That's |
|
| 62:05 | the papillae is. It's where all blood vessels and the nerves are located |
|
| 62:09 | they're producing materials to allow the cells the matrix, going back in the |
|
| 62:14 | to survive and to live. And what's dividing. Is this different than |
|
| 62:18 | I saw on the skin? it's not different. It just has |
|
| 62:21 | names because it's differently structured. So follicle we see folds down. You |
|
| 62:31 | see better in this how it folds . You can see where the dermis |
|
| 62:34 | located, relatively speaking. So there's layers to it. So if you |
|
| 62:40 | it and took a slice through right here, you'd see, oh I |
|
| 62:45 | an outer layer, we call the tissue sheath. So it's dermal in |
|
| 62:51 | . And then inside this is going be the epithelial root sheath, which |
|
| 62:55 | epidermal in nature. So you can how it's derived. And then associated |
|
| 63:03 | these hair. Follicles are little tiny muscles called erect your pilly muscles. |
|
| 63:08 | they're the things that make your hair up. So when someone tells you |
|
| 63:11 | spooky or you, you know, you get cold, what happens? |
|
| 63:15 | get your hair stands up and I'm to do it as side here when |
|
| 63:20 | scare a cat, what does a do stands up straight. Right. |
|
| 63:25 | is it trying to do? It's to make itself bigger. Right. |
|
| 63:28 | you see all the hair stand But they have a lot more hair |
|
| 63:30 | we do when you get, when animal gets cold, like a dog |
|
| 63:34 | a cat gets cold or even a , when you're talking about feathers. |
|
| 63:38 | does a bird do or a cat a dog? It puffs up and |
|
| 63:43 | does it puff up? Because the from the skin goes to the surface |
|
| 63:47 | it gets trapped in the air that's underneath that hair, the hair holds |
|
| 63:52 | heat in. So it's like wearing big old puffy coat. So why |
|
| 63:56 | we do the same thing or we're trying to hold that warm air next |
|
| 64:00 | our bodies. So little, little hairs stick up. It's like trap |
|
| 64:07 | air and it's not trapping air at . So we just have goose bumps |
|
| 64:11 | we look stupid like that so So good hair pretty straightforward, it's |
|
| 64:21 | get even easier after this. All . Now, in terms of |
|
| 64:25 | hair goes through a cycle of If you've ever looked down the |
|
| 64:27 | you see a whole bunch of hair and you start freaking out, my |
|
| 64:30 | is falling out. That's not Your hair is always falling out. |
|
| 64:33 | right, it's going through this cycle that's really all this is, is |
|
| 64:37 | an active cycle, then it goes a period of kind of like hanging |
|
| 64:41 | and doing nothing, nothing. And when you become that resting phase. |
|
| 64:44 | you kind of go through this and that hair falls out and that's what |
|
| 64:48 | is trying to show you. All . I'm not sure. I even |
|
| 64:52 | a question about this, but just case, antigenic phase, that's actively |
|
| 64:57 | Kogen is the end of the Anno . Then you go into to which |
|
| 65:01 | resting and then it falls out, repeat and this is the normal cycle |
|
| 65:06 | hair. There's different types of Now, when you are a little |
|
| 65:16 | infant, in other words, you're sitting inside your mom, you're |
|
| 65:20 | in this fine downy hair that's called hair. Lanugo hair. If you've |
|
| 65:25 | seen a newborn is basically covered in really, really thin, thin |
|
| 65:30 | it can be dark, but most the time it's just very, very |
|
| 65:32 | , very, very light to And then that hair begins falling out |
|
| 65:36 | about a week or so and it to get replaced by the next layer |
|
| 65:41 | the next uh type of hair. called bellus hair vice is like |
|
| 65:45 | very, very thin and angel like and and soft and downy is kind |
|
| 65:50 | the idea and you have vellum hair your body for the mo I |
|
| 65:53 | it's not everywhere but you do have right. So it's the stuff that |
|
| 65:57 | find over your body that's kind of . And even if you have darker |
|
| 66:01 | , it's the really, really light that's very, very small. So |
|
| 66:04 | can kind of like look like, just like if you looked right |
|
| 66:07 | you'd see. Oh yeah, I have hair here, but it's |
|
| 66:09 | very light, very, very very, very thin. All |
|
| 66:13 | And then the rest of your body co co covered by terminal hair. |
|
| 66:18 | so when we think about hair on top of our heads, that's terminal |
|
| 66:21 | , armpit hair, terminal hair. some of you, uh genetically |
|
| 66:26 | have terminal hair on other parts of body. And you know, as |
|
| 66:30 | hit puberty, it gets replaced. you can see in our little cartoon |
|
| 66:33 | , like here's the guy and if , you know, some guys have |
|
| 66:36 | hairy arms and stuff like that, would be terminal hair. Bella hair |
|
| 66:41 | very distinct. It's very unique relative terminal hair. All right. But |
|
| 66:47 | terminal hair is, is, is we're more familiar with and it's dependent |
|
| 66:52 | your nutrition and it's dependent upon hormones its growth. Bella's hair. There's |
|
| 66:58 | much of an, it just is . It's just one of the things |
|
| 67:02 | makes us mammals. So pretty Lanugo, pre birth, vellis, |
|
| 67:11 | puberty. Well, let me ask will, a three year old have |
|
| 67:14 | terminal hair. What do you Do they have hair on the top |
|
| 67:18 | their heads. Yes. So it go in. All right. So |
|
| 67:22 | on the top of your head is gonna be terminal hair. I |
|
| 67:25 | it, it replaces the Bella hair the newborn. OK? And then |
|
| 67:31 | you get puberty, that's when it everywhere else and then you get |
|
| 67:34 | I'm just going to tell you this now when you get old guys, |
|
| 67:38 | ears, top of the ears, worst nose, that's the best way |
|
| 67:50 | do it. That's why I tried stay away from peach fuzz. |
|
| 67:53 | but, but, but so I'm say yes, but there are some |
|
| 67:58 | of terminal hair that are very peach . All right. So think about |
|
| 68:02 | , that pubic line that goes from pubic hair up to the navel that |
|
| 68:06 | people have, you know, that's soft. It doesn't feel like a |
|
| 68:10 | of coarse hair. We just call peach fuzz, but it's still terminal |
|
| 68:13 | because it's not what you'd see in prepubescent person where it would be a |
|
| 68:19 | softer. All right. So it's you see terminal hair, it's really |
|
| 68:25 | what terminal hair is. Vela hair a little bit harder. So I'm |
|
| 68:30 | gonna show and not that anyone can it, but like on my |
|
| 68:33 | you'd go well, that looks like hair because it's soft and smooth, |
|
| 68:37 | know, because now that's terminal hair thicker and stuff like that, |
|
| 68:45 | You're probably vous because guys are all and gross. Yeah. So |
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| 68:53 | that's kind of a one way. kind of dis distinguish it ready for |
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| 68:59 | other weird stuff about the hair. hair shafts are differently shaped and I |
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| 69:07 | this picture because it really does kind show you the difference. So we |
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| 69:09 | straight hair. We've got more of , uh, natural afro hair, |
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| 69:14 | ? So it's very, very curly then we have the naturally wavy hair |
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| 69:19 | those are different shafted hairs. And like the shaft that you see here |
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| 69:23 | a round shaft, the shaft you is more oval like and the shaft |
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| 69:27 | you see here is more ribbon And so that causes different um arrangements |
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| 69:33 | the hair. So the shaft shape , hair pigment, that's melanocytes. |
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| 69:41 | when we talk about melanocytes, it's just skin color, it's not just |
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| 69:44 | color, it's also hair color. again, it's the different types of |
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| 69:48 | . They're more overt in terms of type of colors that you get, |
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| 69:55 | . If you have gray hair, happening? Gray hair? Sad. |
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| 69:59 | losing my melanin eventually. If I producing melanin and with white hair, |
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| 70:05 | Danson, young Ted Danson, old . All right. No, |
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| 70:15 | Last little bit here. Last p really not last piece, but I'm |
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| 70:20 | pretend um I'm, if you get question on nails, it'll just be |
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| 70:23 | question. So um I try to this as simple as possible. I |
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| 70:27 | know a lot about nails. I think they're as important, but it |
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| 70:31 | a type of integument, a part the integument. So, what we |
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| 70:36 | here is it's very similar to very similar to, uh, |
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| 70:39 | to hair in that you are dealing , uh, epithelial cells. They're |
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| 70:45 | similar to the stratum corneum. All . And the purpose of a nail |
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| 70:50 | to protect the terminal ends of your . All right. So you've probably |
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| 70:55 | yourself underneath your nails. It hurts lot. Have you noticed that it |
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| 70:59 | the worst? Right. Well, gotta imagine we are a creature likes |
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| 71:04 | grip stuff. And so if you don't have a protection there, you |
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| 71:08 | actually damage the ends. And so nails are there to protect and to |
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| 71:12 | stuff, grip stuff. The three I want you to be familiar |
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| 71:17 | All right. So I've, I've out a lot of stuff here. |
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| 71:20 | parts, the nail plate versus the bed. All right. So the |
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| 71:24 | plate is the nail itself. So you look at your nail go, |
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| 71:27 | , that's a nail plate underlying So if you ripped your nail off |
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| 71:31 | looked at it from this side, would see the nail bed. All |
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| 71:36 | , the plate is not derived from bed. All right, you lay |
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| 71:40 | the bed, you are not made the bed you are made from the |
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| 71:45 | . So here's the matrix. Think which way nails grow, they grow |
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| 71:49 | direction. So I sleep on the , I'm made at the matrix and |
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| 71:52 | grow upward and outward, you forward, I should say is the |
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| 71:57 | I'm going. All right. So have the nail plate underlying. It |
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| 72:01 | the nail bed at the base of plate. That's the nail matrix. |
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| 72:05 | where new nails come from. And for fun, uh if you wonder |
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| 72:10 | that white crest it's called, that's the lulla. It looks like the |
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| 72:14 | , that's how I remember it. And then the cuticle is the little |
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| 72:20 | of skin that sits right at the of the lulla. You're probably, |
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| 72:24 | told at some point this is your , that's not your cuticle. All |
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| 72:28 | , the cuticle is down there. the proper name for the cuticle is |
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| 72:33 | the epic. The proper name for area underneath your nail right here where |
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| 72:37 | hurts. That's the hypericum. So you go. So we're on our |
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| 72:47 | thing. First thing was skin, thing hair. Third thing, fourth |
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| 72:55 | is glands. All right, they're part of the integument, the epidermis |
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| 73:01 | the dermis are part of the They have their unique features and they're |
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| 73:04 | layers. Know them. What about hair? Well, it has these |
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| 73:07 | features, these different parts to know them. What is its |
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| 73:11 | Same thing with the nail protection, three parts. So you can see |
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| 73:16 | organization becomes simple and you can do for every single solitary class. All |
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| 73:22 | , when we get in the next , it's about the skeleton and we're |
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| 73:26 | talk about the face and the head the, the, the skull. |
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| 73:29 | you're gonna separate the top of the from the face of the skull and |
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| 73:32 | organize downward and things will make more . You won't get lost. Write |
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| 73:37 | all out. Don't just type it condense the information right after class. |
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| 73:42 | chance you get, if you study after class, it'll go by faster |
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| 73:46 | it does a week and a half now or two weeks or however long |
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| 73:50 | gonna take. All right, if don't know what I'm talking about, |
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| 73:54 | back and listen to the lecture about to study. It's about 30 minutes |
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| 73:58 | because there's a lot for me to . But once you learn how to |
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| 74:01 | like this, your grades will naturally up. You'll study less, your |
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| 74:04 | go up and you'll learn the which is really the more important thing |
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| 74:07 | me because you're gonna be working on . I hope, I think. |
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| 74:12 | right, last little bit here, got four minutes. If we don't |
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| 74:16 | them all, we're just gonna say done with it and then you'll just |
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| 74:19 | to know it because it's all All right. We got different types |
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| 74:22 | glands. We have the sebaceous When you think about sebaceous glands. |
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| 74:25 | are the ones that cover your face cover your hair. They produce an |
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| 74:28 | substance called sebu. Sebu is bacterial . It's there to protect you. |
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| 74:33 | right. These are holo quin So, I took pictures from the |
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| 74:38 | . This is why we don't post pictures of ourselves on the internet because |
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| 74:40 | find them and I'll post them. this is a greasy face and this |
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| 74:44 | greasy hair. So there you There's sebu, they lubricate the skin |
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| 74:51 | the hair. Second type of glands the sweat glands. All right. |
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| 74:58 | , we refer to them as pseudo pseudo rer make sure I say that |
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| 75:02 | . But there's two basic types. found everywhere on your body, except |
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| 75:06 | in two places, it's not part the nipple. And the reason is |
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| 75:10 | the nipple is a modified sweat So you don't put sweat glands on |
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| 75:13 | glands, but the other is gonna on the genitals. And again, |
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| 75:16 | don't know exactly why, but they're just not there. All |
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| 75:20 | So the two types of glands are to be what are called the Merrin |
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| 75:24 | sweat glands. And the acr notice they have the name that we're already |
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| 75:28 | with merr versus apocrine. So let's at the apocrine gland first because these |
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| 75:32 | the ones we're more familiar with when think about sweating, we think about |
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| 75:35 | underneath our arms. And so these are going to open up into hair |
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| 75:41 | in our pits in the axillary regions in the pubic regions, all |
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| 75:45 | And they produce this gooey material. an eine material. It contains fats |
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| 75:51 | it and proteins in it and those proteins are food for bacteria. So |
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| 75:56 | nasty smell when you say, oh stink because you're sweating. It's not |
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| 76:00 | the sweat itself stinks. It's because bacteria in our body are consuming that |
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| 76:05 | and multiplying and producing waste. And the thing you're smelling is bacterial |
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| 76:10 | That's what body odor is. Who ? All right. Now, why |
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| 76:16 | we have these? Well, no knows but they're situation, their positioning |
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| 76:24 | that going back to why do we hair? Is that they serve as |
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| 76:30 | sexual s scent gland again? Is true? I don't know, but |
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| 76:37 | is how other animals discover each So it's very likely that this is |
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| 76:43 | because you do not get horrible You know, man sweat. When |
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| 76:48 | a 10 year old boy, you get that once you get puberty. |
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| 76:52 | you notice, did you notice this everyone started stinking around puberty? All |
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| 76:57 | , because of these glands, the type of gland that you're more familiar |
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| 77:02 | is the one that covers your Who's that? Do you recognize |
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| 77:09 | Guys? Gotta watch more movies? mcconaughey. This is the one I |
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| 77:13 | a real hard time with because I remember she was in a hitch. |
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| 77:18 | can't remember. Jennifer. No, Jennifer Lawrence. Uh J Lo Jennifer |
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| 77:25 | . Is that her? You can me I'm wrong. I can't |
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| 77:28 | But anyway, uh, gross, stars. All right. Matthew mcconaughey |
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| 77:36 | around Hollywood. Sweating like a All right. So what we're dealing |
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| 77:39 | here, these are those maricar they're producing sweat. These are found |
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| 77:44 | . Notice that the mere gland it directly to the surface of the skin |
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| 77:48 | go into the pore where they're the follicle, it goes straight to the |
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| 77:52 | and what it's doing is producing water plus some other materials. So you're |
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| 77:57 | getting all that other stuff, you're getting the fats and the protein. |
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| 78:00 | the bacterials don't really quite get the fuel from this type of sweat. |
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| 78:07 | is what makes you glow as it . Its function, thermoregulation, excretion |
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| 78:14 | get rid of salts and other metabolic . And also primarily protection. IG |
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| 78:20 | is produced. This is what kills . This is what kills viruses on |
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| 78:24 | surface of your skin. Your body like a tank. It loves to |
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| 78:28 | everything and this is one of the it does. It, it is |
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| 78:31 | that is regulated sympathetically, meaning that sympathetic nervous system, which is the |
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| 78:36 | thing we'll talk about in this I mean, not in this unit |
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| 78:38 | this semester. So like way in , we'll talk about the sympathetic |
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| 78:42 | But the idea is when I'm excited exercising or something, I start producing |
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| 78:47 | to cool my body down. That's this is doing. So we got |
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| 78:51 | the whole thing. Do you guys how to organize information now? So |
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| 78:56 | had four things to learn. You your way down to the details. |
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| 78:59 | we come back, we're going to with the skeletal system. We're going |
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| 79:01 | start talking about the skull. Same . Go, skull, work your |
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| 79:05 | down, ribs, work your way , all that stuff, study |
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| 79:12 | When you get back, it's going be a lot of |
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