| 00:06 | Okay. Um when I do slides I have to just say share? |
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| 00:10 | , because it looks like a share the screen right there, just |
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| 00:17 | the whole screen. Okay, sorry that guys. Yeah, the um |
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| 00:25 | thing was updated, see if that , you tend to have to do |
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| 00:40 | in the right sequence. I don't why with Microsoft systems you just do |
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| 00:55 | whenever that's lighting better. It used be left or right. Yeah. |
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| 01:42 | . Since the classes so big, to hold your questions to the end |
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| 01:46 | the lecture. TZ just speak up be this one there it is. |
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| 02:40 | other problem with this is you have , you have to move things around |
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| 02:46 | I don't know why Micro used to able, you could click on almost |
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| 02:49 | spot for Microsoft stuff but now there's certain places you can click drag. |
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| 03:00 | , I'm gonna try to reduce some so we have be very careful not |
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| 03:14 | turn something off. Okay. You aren't even looking, are you? |
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| 03:39 | is all for the record when when you guys see this online, |
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| 03:57 | you see this box in the Mhm. Are you online right |
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| 04:09 | You don't have the link you do don't. Okay. I thought I |
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| 04:15 | Utah was gonna send it to everybody yeah, my account wasn't screwing up |
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| 04:26 | this computer. I would so sometimes you can get to it from |
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| 04:34 | work, but I don't know if has it on blackboard deal. |
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| 04:38 | I just want to black, are on blackboard right now? This is |
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| 04:46 | of important. So it's okay. that's just because I'll get to this |
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| 05:29 | is a little bit different. There's instructors, I teach half of one |
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| 05:37 | my courses and he teaches half about third of one of his courses. |
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| 05:44 | so this is up on the board now. See if I get this |
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| 05:53 | of here we go. Okay so to geology 63 79. I teach |
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| 06:02 | for the professional program. There's a course. So one of the reasons |
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| 06:07 | that is because we thought getting a geo chronology and that would be good |
|
| 06:14 | . Um A lot of people have lot of faith in radio metric |
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| 06:18 | The problem is we have There's two profits with bio Strat data. We |
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| 06:26 | lots of data. It's it's the of thing that I'm working on right |
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| 06:29 | to to get into artificial intelligence and analytics type of routines because because it's |
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| 06:39 | has we have they feel not me the field has um more data probably |
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| 06:47 | almost anything if uh when I worked the research center when I did a |
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| 06:54 | software called graphic correlation that you're gonna a lot about in this. I |
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| 06:58 | to crash the mainframe computer at a research And the geophysics always took pride |
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| 07:06 | their huge databases especially when they started three D. They crashed it maybe |
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| 07:12 | a month. I was able to about once a week. It really |
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| 07:16 | didn't upset them that I crashed and that I crashed it more than a |
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| 07:21 | because uh it made it look like had more data and we did uh |
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| 07:26 | point I'm trying to get to is that geo chronological data uh is really |
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| 07:35 | but a lot of it is tied bios, tried to figure out exactly |
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| 07:41 | where it fits in. And uh that's kind of how their algorithms |
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| 07:46 | And the other thing is is that have limited number of points. You |
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| 07:51 | someone doesn't run samples on a certain rock. They won't have anything in |
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| 07:57 | rocks don't have things but most sedimentary have fossils. And uh and that's |
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| 08:03 | uh this particular tool is is very . Uh one hand a machine tells |
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| 08:11 | what how many years it is with algorithms in this case it takes a |
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| 08:16 | that understands taxonomy and ecology and all of stuff to make these interpretations. |
|
| 08:25 | . It's not gonna free up my . Can you read that read that |
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| 08:41 | guys fall asleep with my digits? a little bit better. You |
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| 08:55 | we could there. Okay this is the course outline and it's just there |
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| 09:04 | you to look at. Um But will talk a lot about the types |
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| 09:12 | data then. Um And this this gonna be my part of the course |
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| 09:18 | is the first two weekends. And can we talk about a number of |
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| 09:29 | of of bio strategic fee, how work with this with relative absolute age |
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| 09:36 | . You know when we when we rock fossils and rock players, you |
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| 09:41 | obviously the higher higher you are in section the younger they are unless there's |
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| 09:45 | kind of structural overturn or something where been reworking but but traditionally it was |
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| 09:57 | a relative time tool. In other , we know this is older than |
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| 10:01 | , this is younger than that, it's been tied and integrated with uh |
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| 10:08 | outcrops and cores around the world to we actually can give an absolute date |
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| 10:17 | the bio Strada. Graphic events that looking at what we call tops. |
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| 10:23 | I like to call them bio There's a lot of things about this |
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| 10:28 | that require different terminology in different words it tends to put people to |
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| 10:34 | but I'm gonna try to focus on things that are most important and uh |
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| 10:39 | go through that. We'll have a bit on halitosis, photography and bio |
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| 10:45 | photography fit together. And how time created a we're talking about the bio |
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| 10:58 | , be talking about the geo chronology . But when you put calibrate this |
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| 11:06 | database to a limited data base with few uh places to tie it. |
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| 11:13 | he come up with a thing Okay then uh then well then I'll |
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| 11:20 | showing you lots of applicants. Not lot because we don't have a lot |
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| 11:24 | time. But I'll be showing you of how it's used and uh there |
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| 11:30 | a few key things about it that get to you in the slides. |
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| 11:33 | predominantly we use this tool. Geo can give you an age. Uh |
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| 11:41 | , photography can give you an agent help you correlate whole sections to whole |
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| 11:48 | . It can help you so give aged a correlation. It can also |
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| 11:53 | the environment of deposition. And uh , have you had any courses in |
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| 12:00 | de positional systems or anything like Okay. Uh you've had stuff in |
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| 12:07 | historical geology or anything like that. . Um so if you if you've |
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| 12:14 | any course where you look at sedimentary , sedimentary structures sometimes are mimicked from |
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| 12:22 | deposition environment to another. For Um Some types of beds can occur |
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| 12:30 | deep water turbine sites and they can occur on the overspill banks of a |
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| 12:37 | system. Same structure. But with , you can tell whether it's the |
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| 12:43 | one or the shallow one, just that and it's so it helps you |
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| 12:48 | a lot of things that we can't . A lot of people be arm |
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| 12:54 | about this being a submarine fan and being a delta. Some of the |
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| 13:00 | structures that they're talking about or mimic both environments. But having that particular |
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| 13:05 | assemblage will tell them whether it's shallow or deep and that's the environmental deposition |
|
| 13:15 | . When I teach this full I go into a lot of examples |
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| 13:19 | how these are used to help us hurricane deposits, uh cycles and non |
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| 13:28 | systems, you know, the deposition and non marine systems and deposition cycles |
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| 13:33 | uh marine systems, which I will a little bit because that's mostly what |
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| 13:38 | do with this. And anyway, an awful lot of applications. |
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| 13:44 | So by the day today we're gonna over these first two lectures and uh |
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| 13:53 | to get you kind of warmed up failure environment because I'll talk about all |
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| 13:58 | lectures, there's gonna be a reading , it's already online and I think |
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| 14:02 | you've seen and uh there's an article by feared And I think it's 1993 |
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| 14:10 | somewhere around. And uh It was good summary article uh about 30 years |
|
| 14:18 | . It's uh, it's pretty I haven't seen any it's quite that |
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| 14:23 | in terms of how the process is . And then there's a lot of |
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| 14:28 | basic stuff is in it about how done. And then there's gonna be |
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| 14:32 | list of questions and I'm gonna want to turn that in by friday. |
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| 14:38 | . And the reason I want you turn in by friday is because this |
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| 14:42 | is gonna have micro credentials and what that means is every third of |
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| 14:48 | course you're gonna, I'm gonna have least this course you're gonna have some |
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| 14:55 | and a test. We'll call it exam but it's like a test. |
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| 15:01 | uh for my two parts for Pete will just have a test. So |
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| 15:07 | have two exercises for the first package one exercise, bigger exercise for the |
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| 15:15 | badge and exam for each one of . The exam for the second badge |
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| 15:20 | actually gonna be on the Wednesday following second week. Thank you. Okay |
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| 15:26 | August 22 We'll talk about these topics bio events. And there's a lot |
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| 15:34 | terms that make up a bio So we'll go through those terms. |
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| 15:37 | you understand them because you'll hear people them different ways but a lot of |
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| 15:47 | go into what this is. I to use this term. Usually anybody |
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| 15:57 | these other terms kind of fall into but there's a reason why they have |
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| 16:00 | needs. Okay um and then we'll about the complexities of the fossil record |
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| 16:09 | why this method of graphic correlation is . So I'll give you a simple |
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| 16:15 | correlation exercise. We're not gonna do correlation in this first part. I |
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| 16:20 | it's good for you to kinda see of what the whole process is trying |
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| 16:25 | get you to. It's a real exercise um In real life it's a |
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| 16:29 | more complicated and you're not gonna get complicated stuff to work on. But |
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| 16:33 | is a very simplified exercise so that kind of get an idea of how |
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| 16:38 | works. It's gonna look like linear . But it's not, it's it's |
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| 16:44 | something that requires interpretation and I'll explain as we go on in next |
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| 16:51 | But I wanted you to get the to look at this. Uh there's |
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| 16:56 | be some instructions on this in the tomorrow and there will be because it |
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| 17:02 | to the fossil record and there's a of little quirks in the fossil record |
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| 17:10 | sometimes uh, in the past, used to call them error, but |
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| 17:13 | there's signals if you understand what's going . And so you don't want to |
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| 17:19 | the baby out with the wash just you don't quite understand it. A |
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| 17:23 | of uh, a lot of times a fossil is not found where you |
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| 17:27 | it to be. That's because of serious has happened in the deposition setting |
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| 17:33 | deposition environment. For example, reworking one thing. So if I'm looking |
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| 17:39 | a how many of you know, of you know what reworking is okay |
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| 17:47 | uh, when fossils get laid down in in order, there's a set |
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| 17:54 | . And so for example, there's down here and there's paley a scene |
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| 17:58 | here. This is younger. So get cretaceous fossils in a pale Eocene |
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| 18:04 | . How does that happen? if you, so a lot of |
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| 18:16 | , um, coastal plain, a lot of uh, so you |
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| 18:38 | have a vacation caesar. Sometimes up we find secret taste or something. |
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| 18:59 | that means is that there's not, actually really, it's actually a tectonic |
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| 19:07 | . It's telling us something is going so, uh, it's really |
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| 19:12 | And of course we have mountains on . What does that create? I'm |
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| 19:18 | up in the air. What's gonna ? This relates totally to we have |
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| 19:24 | rocks a couple of years. So is the upper edge. What happens |
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| 19:35 | here? It arose. So in rose, this is transportation seeing. |
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| 19:52 | here, what are most of our ? Uh, the other thing that |
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| 20:01 | if we're looking at sometimes may have over. I have. That's |
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| 20:20 | So whenever we see we're working, , that's, and that's what I |
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| 20:29 | by um, people would, you , somebody significance. This is |
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| 20:48 | something from way back and they do with technology to its exactly. He |
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| 21:02 | the age of the rocks. And it's something that has a lot of |
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| 21:13 | screens in it, what's special about screens relative to other rocks, other |
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| 21:19 | minerals that we might see, sand , they're very resistant and they're very |
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| 21:29 | . And that's why they often form good residents because they don't break down |
|
| 21:34 | , if the sandstone is quartz quartz , it's physically and chemically very |
|
| 21:41 | It's a feldspar might turn into that . So in the in the reworked |
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| 21:47 | , you'll see the clays from the parts, but you won't see uh |
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| 21:52 | see the sand sized particles of the is down. Okay. It's, |
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| 22:02 | know, it's a little bit but I'm trying to explain to you |
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| 22:05 | a lot of relevance in this data that's why I really want to get |
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| 22:09 | into A I. And data analytics because a lot of people ignore this |
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| 22:15 | because they can't cope with it. it's it takes a lot to you |
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| 22:20 | you're gonna see in this course that a lot of terminology that most people |
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| 22:26 | have the patience or time to Whereas bios photographers do this all the |
|
| 22:32 | . Most people that are in bio fee would be very qualified for a |
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| 22:37 | type career because they like all you know, like all the names |
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| 22:42 | you deal with with bacteria and viruses we deal with that all the |
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| 22:46 | In fact, I like to say doctors only deal with one species, |
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| 22:53 | deal with an awful lot of but paleontologists might have to deal with |
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| 22:58 | of them from time, you and in fact, there's so many |
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| 23:03 | that's a paleontologist can actually do all it. So they kind of focus |
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| 23:07 | , you know, just the cretaceous just the Jurassic or maybe just the |
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| 23:13 | , which we've now broken into the jean and. Okay so what I'm |
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| 23:20 | to get at is this is pretty . And then uh I have five |
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| 23:25 | that a through e lecture five A E A B C D E |
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| 23:29 | 55 by five. Uh I'm just show you slides and give you some |
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| 23:37 | on some of the fossils. And not gonna ask you to learn the |
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| 23:42 | . But what I want you to when you get there is why are |
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| 23:48 | , why is this fossil group important a geologist working for? Okay or |
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| 23:55 | for uh aquifers any anything that you in the subsurface geological uh bio strata |
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| 24:05 | um ability to to define strata, them from one well to another. |
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| 24:12 | know these are single points. It's hard sometimes to correlate because the rock |
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| 24:17 | can look repeats itself, it mimics . It's hard to do this when |
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| 24:23 | I teach petroleum geology which will be semester for you, we'll have a |
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| 24:28 | exercise. And and what I do uh uh we may or may not |
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| 24:35 | time. But what I like to is have have the students correlate without |
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| 24:40 | data and then have correlate with fossil so they can see how it makes |
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| 24:44 | big difference. You can, another of putting it is you can mess |
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| 24:49 | up big time by just correlating Okay and then then there'll be a |
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| 24:56 | bit of a primer on strategic fee I think this will be really useful |
|
| 25:00 | you two guys. Okay. And then september On September two, |
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| 25:10 | next weekend you're gonna have the first , you're gonna have that exam for |
|
| 25:16 | , for the class and for the and uh that would be badge one |
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| 25:21 | this micro credential but it's gonna be third of your one third of your |
|
| 25:25 | at that point. It's gonna be test and the exercises I give. |
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| 25:31 | uh so here you'll have an exam you'll have that simple graphic correlation exercise |
|
| 25:36 | the reading exercise. Okay then we're talk about timescales and the basics of |
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| 25:44 | correlation. You already have done an to kind of have an idea of |
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| 25:47 | we're going. Then we're gonna talk the bigger picture of graphic correlation and |
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| 25:55 | composite scene and how they work This is actually a process. This |
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| 26:03 | the database that you need to make process. Then I'll show you some |
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| 26:09 | to it. Then I'll show you it's used to integrate with technology and |
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| 26:13 | sorts of other types of geological They will do a uh, electron |
|
| 26:20 | this is a little bit, this all about asian and this is when |
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| 26:25 | finally get to the family of the part in a little bit more |
|
| 26:30 | Okay. You guys don't look so . Okay then on that September the |
|
| 26:39 | , that Wednesday that night will have The second, the second exam for |
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| 26:47 | 2nd 3rd. And uh and of back here, uh you'll have the |
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| 26:54 | symmetry of the exercise. So this a 15 point exercise. The two |
|
| 26:59 | weekend are going to be a five a 10 percentage and uh and so |
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| 27:08 | show you the breakdown, but uh you'll get 100 of migrate from from |
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| 27:17 | two two things and uh and then uh then you'll get another third from |
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| 27:24 | geo chronology. It will average that to get your funding and I know |
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| 27:31 | slides so well I'm telling you too ahead of time. So I haven't |
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| 27:35 | the list yet from dr Copeland but 9 10 in the 16th which is |
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| 27:41 | friday. So you have a friday saturday and friday, he'll be talking |
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| 27:45 | this, you get a little bit time with this one just because I'm |
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| 27:49 | four days. He's gonna get three and but I have two big |
|
| 27:58 | He only has one. Okay and exam is gonna be the normal exam |
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| 28:05 | which is that Wednesday June the 30 the whole thing. And uh the |
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| 28:11 | bio strategic fee is the 1st and badges or the 1st and 2nd, |
|
| 28:15 | of the course India chronology will be third badge and the final grade will |
|
| 28:20 | the average of those three and um changed it around just to make each |
|
| 28:29 | 100%. This will be the exam be 70, 10 and 20 for |
|
| 28:34 | two. And for the second it's 70% and 30% for that last |
|
| 28:39 | . So each badge will add up um, 100. And then the |
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| 28:45 | from that will be two, Something than 200 divided by two. And |
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| 28:55 | , and then um, and then also be average with dr Copeland. |
|
| 29:01 | . Here's the suggested textbook and you may want to read that. |
|
| 29:08 | think I think I haven't put it , but there's a I have a |
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| 29:14 | have a table that tells you what to relate to each lecture. And |
|
| 29:26 | are other books that if you're interested and you might want to look at |
|
| 29:29 | now through the course of teaching this the professional programs I've had uh several |
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| 29:35 | do capstone projects on and uh they all really one was the Gulf of |
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| 29:41 | and one was an area where I it was hill corp they were having |
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| 29:47 | hard time correlated and sort of, might have been oxen and he helped |
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| 29:53 | correlate some stuff that they were having for that. And this is uh |
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| 30:05 | asked me about two books, was on the uh, where did you |
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| 30:09 | the two books? Is it on schedule? Yes, sir. |
|
| 30:24 | Yes. Okay. Okay. Well one and this one uh, you |
|
| 30:35 | , you don't I think I think can get these online you know the |
|
| 30:40 | don't usually report this to the bookstore they because the half the time they |
|
| 30:47 | even order the books like For two they might be in order one. |
|
| 30:53 | know if there's 30 people they order and plus that you can get it |
|
| 30:58 | cheaper but also online the uh you get you can rent an electronic copy |
|
| 31:05 | almost nothing. It used to be would charge you as much and sometimes |
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| 31:12 | more for an online but it's it's now. Okay. This obviously you |
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| 31:21 | have figured out where this is so don't have to talk about that. |
|
| 31:28 | um So this is kind of lecture which is the introduction of bias and |
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| 31:37 | in the best talk to you about of the schools and products. In |
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| 31:43 | words. What is it used? . And also uh graphic correlation and |
|
| 31:54 | here. Okay, so this slide makes a good test question. This |
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| 32:05 | the next slide maybe. But um in academia we like to define what |
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| 32:12 | do and uh uh before I used have um a lot of I don't |
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| 32:22 | I have them all now before I to have um actually the authors of |
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| 32:31 | lot of like DPS definition, I a couple of that probably paleontologist that |
|
| 32:42 | in bios, photography define it. know books books from 1950s, |
|
| 32:51 | 70s 80s. You know, on on. But it's it's kind of |
|
| 32:56 | to go through that. But so came up with a real definition |
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| 33:00 | which was the best of what them put together biased photography is the study |
|
| 33:05 | preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms the market. And uh being traces |
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| 33:16 | called technology. And uh and they like no fossils, which is |
|
| 33:23 | traces in the sedimentary rock that show activity. Like some something falling across |
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| 33:31 | bottom, something burrowing into the that sort of thing. Uh A |
|
| 33:39 | of people in Canada for some reason must have some really good outcrops because |
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| 33:46 | spend a lot of time with technology do a lot with technology. But |
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| 33:52 | if you're actually looking at the real that are in the rocks that reflect |
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| 33:57 | deposition all setting at the time, can be even more useful uh, |
|
| 34:03 | a lake system. For example, was able to, from certain |
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| 34:06 | I was able to tell whether you near the surface or in a deep |
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| 34:11 | of the surface, they called the and in other words, above and |
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| 34:16 | the key McCline because above, above certain chemical boundary and sailing lake systems |
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| 34:28 | it's not necessarily sodium fluoride, but those kinds of lake systems when you |
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| 34:33 | below that, you get an anoxic . And that creates a good place |
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| 34:40 | preserve organic material. So the best rocks in the world come from large |
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| 34:45 | systems where the total organic carbon is 20 many times over 20% TS TS |
|
| 34:55 | organic part. And uh sorry photography includes macro paleontology, hand sized |
|
| 35:04 | samples. But um micro botany and paleontology uh really or what are used |
|
| 35:16 | industry and often in these large databases yeah, this pains academics to hear |
|
| 35:25 | . But most of the geological information ever been collected was collected by an |
|
| 35:30 | company through cuttings in a drill And uh because they've drilled literally hundreds |
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| 35:39 | hundreds of thousands of wells. And it's such a huge amount of amount |
|
| 35:45 | data becomes very important. And uh can imagine if you drill into a |
|
| 35:53 | , we got a piece of the and some some vertebrate paleontologists are good |
|
| 36:00 | to figure out what that is from a chunk of it. But it's |
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| 36:04 | and it's not and it's it might only one piece in the whole |
|
| 36:09 | Whereas these little critters you could have to thousands, even a million and |
|
| 36:15 | sample with less volume. And so I say there's a lot of |
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| 36:22 | there is a London another way of it, there's a lot of evidence |
|
| 36:29 | the things that paleontologists interpret. so um we're gonna be gone through |
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| 36:43 | and look at the different some of different definitions of things. some of |
|
| 36:47 | bio strata, graphic concepts, the fossil groups, uh bio cronista T |
|
| 36:54 | and how to tie it to bio Cronje strategic fee and then paleo environmental |
|
| 37:03 | . And uh here's some some more the definitions. I did leave some |
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| 37:06 | them in uh the use of fossils the relative age of sediments. And |
|
| 37:12 | reason I brought that up is because was true probably 19 8. It's |
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| 37:25 | true. It wasn't true in It wasn't true. Uh The ability |
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| 37:35 | tie well data to polar reversals to magnetic data, but just paleo magnetic |
|
| 37:43 | to geo chronological data and all that of thing made it possible for, |
|
| 37:52 | do do more than cultivate but also come up with. Absolutely. And |
|
| 37:58 | know what? I thought I had key to this door in my pocket |
|
| 38:07 | there is no water five Grand a . It's that's what they said. |
|
| 38:22 | know, relative you weren't but now can because it's been integrated, it |
|
| 38:27 | integrated all the time. What's Hang on. Um Even when it |
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| 38:49 | just relative, we had a pretty idea of roughly what the ages of |
|
| 38:58 | things were. And but it wasn't . But now we And now when |
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| 39:04 | get the graphic correlation I can tell the strata graphic break is to say |
|
| 39:08 | 26.7 and 23.8 negative. And that's to know these things might be different |
|
| 39:18 | the section next to you because when see the probation of sediments into the |
|
| 39:28 | a basin as you move into the and you're gonna see different things happening |
|
| 39:34 | different parts of the sediment deposition. up on the shelf for example, |
|
| 39:41 | gonna get stuff moving around in the on the slope, you're gonna get |
|
| 39:47 | . Um Just sean this will come . So I think I probably |
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| 40:15 | This is really they still support. that's two. And um So here |
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| 41:29 | house so by the time so you meet section here. She come out |
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| 41:50 | and have delta. What version of ? So you're getting a big deposition |
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| 41:58 | that. Plus in terms of something here facing time. Mhm. Get |
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| 42:20 | here. A lot of stuff just down slow so we can get So |
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| 42:30 | all relates to and uh significant Just stand there all down here. |
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| 42:50 | nice part it's basic. That's the m positional as we have these places |
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| 43:09 | surface fear something get outside. But , but in terms of all of |
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| 43:29 | things that we're talking about is that have erosion going on up here. |
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| 43:37 | deposition going on. Yes. That's you preserve time. So your |
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| 43:58 | Mhm. I had a welcome something this. I have a deposition of |
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| 44:05 | time. Yes, this is opposition . We're gonna have a deposition drinking |
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| 44:23 | here. Special. So pulses a and presentation, uh permission non deposition |
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| 44:47 | . That's that's the rocket. It well. He didn't actually sit on |
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| 44:54 | . Well, let me tell you correlation with 3000. Uh, just |
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| 45:10 | a graphical. Okay. And and is all tied to uh, not |
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| 45:27 | , but absolutely. Another thing is photography is often referred to as applied |
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| 45:39 | . And and an academic corners of world. It was often treated as |
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| 45:47 | it wasn't a real science, but always been a very real science. |
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| 45:53 | , and they talk about correlation and determination. They say that over and |
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| 45:57 | again. What what is missing What do you think is just since |
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| 46:11 | been talking, what is absolutely left of that definition? I can't that's |
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| 46:29 | sure there's no relationship to deposition right? Yeah. And uh and |
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| 46:40 | important. I gave a talk one our seminars one time and a student |
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| 46:47 | in chronology is out in the You can tell the environment environmental deposition |
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| 46:57 | . But you can't do that It's really important. It's really important |
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| 47:03 | know that you're Yeah, baby gamma signal that looks like a delta or |
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| 47:14 | . And it looks like uh in of them, one of them actually |
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| 47:19 | deep water and one of them actually shallow water. You don't want to |
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| 47:23 | and there's an outcrop on the southern of England. I went on a |
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| 47:27 | trip there, a guy from the of Reading just on the coast, |
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| 47:31 | south coast of England and he he's sediment ologists that he pointed us to |
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| 47:37 | outcrop. He said you know this to be considered alluvial. Then later |
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| 47:43 | when we had people start looking at , they decided it was a |
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| 47:48 | Then when people started looking um I'm they thought it was not bars. |
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| 47:54 | then when somebody figured out what a site was, they realized that actually |
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| 47:58 | was a turbine, right? So of these great geologists through time didn't |
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| 48:03 | enough information and they didn't have a . Um you didn't have a lot |
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| 48:10 | once they figured out what type they . They have that they have Helen |
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| 48:17 | which is a very resistant thing because the weather and the outcome. But |
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| 48:23 | they're able to figure out this and it's like and another thing uh by |
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| 48:30 | way really spend and energy and fire . Yeah now now there's these |
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| 48:56 | Exactly. Okay. And these are of the other things like like I |
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| 49:35 | you I'm just putting them in here you can see that people have been |
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| 49:40 | up with things I worked with joe U. S. Geological survey is |
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| 49:49 | brilliant, this is a really this a good um definition came out of |
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| 49:56 | paper many years ago but it was pretty good paper and so I included |
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| 50:01 | in there. And when they talk the interpretation of history that really is |
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| 50:11 | about deposition. What happened that That's . And here's another one by Emery |
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| 50:20 | Myers and this is a B. . Book and this is um a |
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| 50:28 | from Tiger, one of the earliest Right Here 1st. Uh We have |
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| 50:35 | had people doing this sort of work the um Probably the 17th century but |
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| 50:44 | gone from you know people going out collecting and in the just cataloging what's |
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| 50:50 | on to people actually figuring out what needs. Okay, so uh a |
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| 50:59 | of people wonder what the difference between strategic fee and paleontology are. And |
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| 51:03 | not really a huge difference except um strategic Afi really is focused on solving |
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| 51:13 | in geologic history and paleontology is focused taxonomy and evolution. And since evolution |
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| 51:22 | through the rock record, it's kind the same thing. But the focus |
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| 51:26 | more on, you know, what is there? When was it |
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| 51:32 | What are the relationships between the different ? That's paleontology and in bios to |
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| 51:38 | feed. We're trying to we're trying get a tool that's such that we |
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| 51:43 | actually figure out what the earth's history through time, which includes the whole |
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| 51:48 | deposition all framework which is why I that up because that's kind of how |
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| 51:57 | has happened in the past as old I am when I started how |
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