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GEOL6358 Terrigenous Depositional System - Deepwater part 2
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00:03 clay. Okay, now we know a long time that you got to
00:14 sand past the shelf, and the way to do it is through a
00:20 that provides a point source. So is our canyon. The problem
00:26 of course, that a lot of the canyons are way down here,
00:30 so we need to change sea level get across the show. But in
00:36 case of Monterey Bay, as an , Kanye is already there. The
00:40 of the Congo can use already so that's good news. And,
00:44 course, it's going to give you point source for that radiating fan.
00:50 , another way is toe have the Pro Grade across the shelf to give
00:56 a shellfish delta, and that's going give you Christopher toes and articulate line
01:02 . Get all these goings and each has a lobe, and those lobes
01:09 to give kind of an apron of deposits. The third possibility is actually
01:16 intercept sediment on the outer part of shelf, and you might say,
01:24 , how do you do that? , there are situations. Were we
01:28 have oceanographic currents that air high enough move sediment along the outer shell.
01:38 . Uh, then lastly, we failures. And of course, we
01:45 mentioned that failures can evolved to point . But, uh, here,
01:53 a lot of cases, we've got lot of remobilize sentiment, but it
01:58 necessarily sandy. There's a lot of transport complexes. But sand, if
02:07 got saying, is mainly because what was sanding Sophia No shellfish delta,
02:13 example. It failed. Well, of that sand is going to be
02:16 there. So these are the ways we're going to get sediment across the
02:21 mentioned earlier that in the case of Bay, it's already day. So
02:27 have Monterey Bay's an active submarine OK, on the other hand,
02:32 canyon is gonna have to wait until shoreline comes to it, and then
02:39 canyons. Well, we gotta wait way down here. Okay?
02:44 this is just remind me to remind that Monterey Canyon it's huge. This
02:50 the Grand Kane. So we're looking submarine canyons, the scale of the
02:54 Canyon and some even large. So pretty impressive. Okay, now let's
03:00 at it the Mont Mississippi. Can ? Okay. And turns out this
03:06 a buried Kanye. This is a that's completely fell with seven. There's
03:14 a canyon that's had a lot of failures. Okay, Deposit stuff in
03:21 as well. And that failure It migrated across the shelf, and
03:31 was filled. Well, it's happened . This is the paleo seen Yocum
03:40 . It is underneath town, Ah, and it is over 1000
03:49 , and it extends across. Prepare unseen show. And there's some of
03:55 Larry's of sand, particularly in this here. Uh, if we you
04:01 at a cross section, though the of these big Canyon fills in many
04:09 or simply, but and I remember across Okay, well, in Central
04:18 , along the coast, we're all a sudden we went to 1500 ft
04:22 shale, made no sense at all I realized that we were looking at
04:27 on sure equivalent of a buried moderate . Okay, uh, in
04:37 that shelf in the pale Eocene using a lot of re entrance. And
04:46 fact, here's the Lavaka, the . There's one here, one here
04:51 here. Here we've got major shellfish all along the Paley Azania seen boundary
04:59 that this is a major event in history of the go from Mexico.
05:06 it means I'll let you figure it . But it's an example,
05:13 submarine or buried failures. Now the thing I wanted to point out was
05:19 we sometimes refer to type one and two all canyons. Ah, type
05:28 canyon intercepts a sand source, and it's going to lead to a sandy
05:38 . A type one thing does not a sand source, and it is
05:48 . It is going to give him , so these would be type one
05:56 and this is a type token. , the problem was a problem,
06:02 the one can be odd. Here that assumes their sea level doesn't
06:08 Because what would happen to this type canyon If a pro graded across the
06:20 , it was a rare here. , well, what would happen is
06:27 as sea level drops, these other began to intercept sand. So whereas
06:39 were basically mud rich here and the Sandy canyon was here, now there's
06:47 be some smaller sandy canyons. Sandy fans during dropping ceiling. So
06:56 canyons. Can be episodic, depending on when and where they intercept
07:03 sand source. Okay, Now, the strangest canyons of all is the
07:10 submarine Canyon, that actually extends about kilometers into the river. So
07:19 like Monterey, is providing sediment as speak. Okay, so let's look
07:28 the Brazilian margin. Here's a salt river here is in Delta with Strand
07:36 one sided less on the other. as we look at the shells,
07:44 , yeah, well, put it . We see that there is a
07:49 submarine canyon that coincided with the mouth the river during a low stand.
07:59 , uh, that's Canyon is gonna related to its a bit of a
08:06 source, but that low stand, also gonna provide multiple sources because of
08:14 delta itself. Over here, we've a lot of failure, okay?
08:23 most of this probably is mud Certainly down in here, here,
08:30 got some canyons that are more And the suggestion there longshore drift,
08:39 in the ah love stand, will to provide. These is a line
08:48 . So as we look at the , not only is a function of
08:57 , I stand in low stand, laterally is a function of different types
09:02 point sources. We can have a of types of slope deposits.
09:08 So, for example, here is shelf edgy bro. Got a lot
09:17 so canyons, and the bro is of interesting, too. It comes
09:21 and hits a submarine valley. It to yet another summary fan. Very
09:30 . Okay, of the Nile is fan like the Ebru here is the
09:36 shelf edge. And here are all shelf edge levied canyons and there's gonna
09:44 lobes farther down and also trapped in spots here along the deformation, all
09:54 part of the miss of the Okay, now, when we look
09:58 these canyons, uh, there is least thought that the scale is related
10:08 the sediment load. Um, this true in some ways and not
10:16 So I don't want to belabor this to say that the the nature of
10:22 is an important fact. It may the canyon shape. It will definitely
10:33 the channel shape Okay, so I'm this, but these are dead
10:45 okay, and we'll see examples of . We also see that when we
10:50 into these deep water canyon channels, most up dip is just erosion.
10:57 then as we go down to get , followed by deposition, and then
11:02 go farther, enough down, there's deposition. What that's telling us is
11:09 the erosion Allchin channels extended to some and there was deposition. And then
11:21 deposition filled the lower part of the . So this particular erosion, a
11:30 gradation, represents an erosion of event by upstream aggregation her up canyon.
11:38 we just had deposition. Although the they changed through time here,
11:46 And then we might have upstream But more likely we'll have the whole
11:53 filled with the delta mud and maybe delta stands on top. So we'll
12:01 at how these canyons evolved through Now, one of the things that
12:08 important to remember is that as a current, which found a way can
12:11 hundreds of meters sick, uh, through this canyon as it gets into
12:20 more shallow parts of the canyon. can spill. And when it
12:24 that, of course, is Levies. Okay, so we're going
12:30 go from a state bald canyon to Phil getting clues channel and channel Levy
12:41 . So we're going from here and to that channel living. Okay.
12:52 , to illustrate this whole concept of the loan, I'm gonna look very
13:01 at a very good case. Study seller. Here's the Mohawk in
13:06 Remember that. Okay, here's the shelf edge. During the low
13:15 there's quite a few gas wells in region. Eso They have studied this
13:25 system here as a modern analogy for My scene fields, including this.
13:35 , so here's the shelf edge here's in size canyons to the Andrew Ng
13:44 bill to base and floor fan, like what we described earlier. A
13:51 section here is the shellfish delta grating the shelf. And then as we
14:01 down here, we get a variety deposits. The green, uh,
14:07 well, let's say where the blue is being. Those deposits based on
14:15 , uh, channels, uh, use Kate. So this is what
14:23 looked like inside scan the mater. turns out that these canyons are
14:30 These are less money, but they have shellfish deltas in these canyons and
14:36 deltas. Okay, so in particular interested in this canyon complex here.
14:51 there's a great big high here. a tow thrust. An incline that's
14:57 with major failure along the shell rich . Okay, but this is the
15:07 gonna look in. And if we at the cross sections in the upper
15:14 part basically just an erosion, can ? And this is largely Rosell
15:20 Okay. As we begin to look that, they're going from these canyons
15:29 down. Let's look now, not the surface. But rather than take
15:36 time slice and we're gonna look at earlier part of what they call cycle
15:45 , which is probably a sanctimony and 1000 years ago, and we're actually
15:53 at the shellfish delta here. And the shellfish delta there's a whole series
15:59 eroded goings air Delta front channels, then call s into Amalgamated Slope channels
16:12 spread l into a very Sandridge. confined, basing full of fans.
16:20 this could be thought of as the stand system, and it is described
16:32 similar to what Galloway described. Except is from somebody else. But something
16:43 changed. As sea levels started to , we still have the shelf edge
16:52 . It hasn't quite backed up But now look at the these big
16:58 size channels with these amalgamated streams. , we've got a meandering strain with
17:07 levee. Were you gotta channel Levy and it actually meanders out onto that
17:20 based on floor fan, this channel system. I actually started to work
17:31 way up that channel filling that channel really feeling most of it didn't quite
17:44 about this canyon here. That didn't get high enough. So that's why
17:50 had an unfilled king. Okay, now if we look at this canyon
17:58 , we've got erosion, the Channel complex, and then little bit of
18:09 . And then this is basically, , the shelf edge delta, that
18:18 and post Uh, yeah, because a couple of other pro gravitational events
18:24 this. Okay, Now is to farther down that Delta hasn't quite filled
18:35 of these. Other there's some. some feeling. But now here's the
18:41 . Here's the channel. Fill. , here is an upper channel Levy
18:49 . This is the bottom part. first diagram, second diagram, and
18:55 what was interesting And you probably already this, but, um, the
19:01 that we get on the surface is ing the death imagery and some
19:10 And so we see a surface expression features that have been long and
19:17 And now let's look down farther we're taking a time slice.
19:21 here's that toe thrust. And here's unconfined basin Feel fan and you can
19:34 distribute Terry pattern of channels and what can't see here. But I'll show
19:40 . There's actually little lobes and socially these These okay, now on top
19:46 that, This, by the is the same spot. This is
19:54 unconfined. You we get this meandering this flowing on top of basement floor
20:10 . So we could imagine if we a cross section here. Ah,
20:18 overlaying by channel system. Okay, actually what we have. Aziz,
20:28 go from the Inter fan to the fan. Um, the Inter fan
20:37 pretty high elevation here are channel like here is that lower fan. And
20:53 is the mass transport complex. As get farther down, that levee channel
21:01 gets smaller and smaller, lower and . Okay, but we still have
21:09 earlier based on fan. Okay, what we're looking at is,
21:21 a sequence of erosion, erosion, and deposition that we saw earlier with
21:31 , uh, example And, Galloway. And I point this out
21:40 part just to remind you that diagram part, has come from something that
21:44 like this and because it's called kissy . So, Messalina, everything
21:54 So what? We've what we saw that Indonesian system in size, channel
22:05 to a basin lobe and then incision upstream migration of the levee channel
22:16 So it's a little more complex than shows, but yes, basically a
22:27 similar story for almost all slopes that a source of sand. And when
22:36 look at the my screen, do see this bar that I'm moving black
22:44 on top. Oh, good. . Just me. Okay.
22:50 um, what we see in this levee system here is a very diagnostic
23:05 . We call the going, and gonna see this time and time
23:11 Okay, So didn't keep in We're came from. Oops.
23:28 So here's our meandering channel and notice is meandering, uh, is a
23:41 . So both the channel and the complex far rating upwards. There could
23:50 little landslides, hits up, subject slides. We've got crevasse plays because
23:58 we've got some over bank levy distal . A lot of things that you
24:05 thing are related to flu villas. one of the ongoing discussions is to
24:12 extent do these meanderings levy channel To what extent are they similar to
24:21 or different from me and extremes? a great discussion question on They haven't
24:29 the question jet or the next but that was high on the
24:34 Yeah. Now, as we look these meandering channels, they tend to
24:41 a whole series of belts. This radiating bills. This is the Western
24:47 complex, the Eastern Levy complex. the reality is we didn't even know
24:53 were be angry channels on fans and picking up with side scan sonar.
25:00 , we realize that each of these a major period, um, fan
25:12 . Okay. And was not shown . But this is the Letty and
25:21 the other things that go with Okay. And so, uh,
25:26 second a list, third, oldest . And with each of those groups
25:34 each of these cross sections. We're to see something that looks like
25:43 So here are the gull wings, they stacked one on top of
25:59 Okay. And so they're Each one going to be related to a levee
26:12 that we see here. And if looked at any of them, they
26:20 almost all have this characteristic a typically basil mass transit transport complex, followed
26:35 a wide basil fan. And we'll about the characteristics of it in a
26:44 over lane mine, a grading Levy conflicts each of these go look
26:55 Okay. And then all of just pay me pelagic sediment that's covering
27:00 and doing remarkably good job mimicking This is the going Now it turns
27:12 the Amazon fan was corps during v drilling. And it found this the
27:22 overlapping systems. We're gonna look at one here. I think.
27:32 And notice the MLC. Um I'm , Uh, the, uh the
27:42 mass transport deposits. Okay. And what? A call Hearts, sheet
27:54 and Levy Sands way could look at core of these and turns out that
28:04 each of these packages has something rather . We'll talk more about it as
28:09 keep going. But the Harper High Reflector package or basically sheets stuck to
28:15 sheet sands individual sheets upto stands up 12 m. Amalgamated Sands is up
28:24 35 m. This actually is probably best target for submarine van deposits.
28:31 . The channel itself. I za amplitude reflector. Ah, but he's
28:37 har. It's a little more We'll look at those sediments a little
28:46 and then the levee are Syrian. alternating thin sands in, but these
28:56 sometimes referred to as a lower resistive face she's but they are locally the
29:03 locally, a reservoir as well. see examples where this is the
29:09 This is the reservoir. And in some cases where this is the
29:15 . Okay. Now, the other we continue to ponder is what are
29:23 features that we see particularly in seismic more time slices We see channels We
29:33 things that look like point bars We meander cutoffs We see channel slumps And
29:41 even see those in the channel bed that we talked about being associated with
29:48 floors You we understand these now better we did. Okay, so let's
29:55 at how what we can see by at tap slice And one of the
30:01 things that that you notice is that got me under scrolls that have preserved
30:18 the channel is preserved. I remember time slice incorporate some level of
30:26 So you're actually looking at superimposed levels channel migration. But this basically describes
30:38 we would have called in the flu world translation. But in the pancreas
30:47 , sweet and we have other cases the channel is expanding the loop
31:01 and that would have been expansion in flu of your world. But is
31:04 swing when j. So we can that change in channel location and the
31:15 left behind. Uh, in these , we even seen potential meander
31:32 And this is just an example of one channel through time. And if
31:39 were to look at not the time . But look at that interval and
31:46 looking at USC, that lateral migration we think of as Meander strolls.
32:03 here we have a channel lateral Thank. And is it a river
32:15 is it submarine Fan channel? Okay, Now, clearly, one
32:28 the differences is going to be the of these cells. Okay? And
32:36 just kind of outlined some of the the levees think about flew via levies
32:43 so marine ladies think about this lateral in rivers and in suddenly channels.
32:55 , in this particular case, there styles of lateral migration. But the
33:03 here is they're filled with, high track, high concentration, but
33:09 low concentration somebody turban eyes, mud class conglomerates and stuff.
33:17 And so each of these Claddagh forms in different conditions would consist of sediments
33:31 in the channel, but by some gravity. Close. So So Bakley's
33:35 close. Okay, the other thing see that's in these channels and sometimes
33:44 migration is real obvious, but in , like in here, you're looking
33:51 Channel of ocean. The channel uh, cut off filled,
34:01 filled, Phil. Okay, we a little bit of that in
34:06 but not much. That's an unusual So this is what one of these
34:14 migrating well, system might look Astral Arkansas. Uh, and
34:25 Says lap. Ah, that's a that is laterally accreting package. That's
34:32 useful Akron. Okay. And so see that in terms of the amount
34:37 sand varies a lot, uh, again is an example of a lap
34:50 we have sand Inter vetted with Monique . In here, we have lateral
35:00 , but again, high concentration and concentration Terry diets. Okay, here's
35:05 base of the channel. No, the base of the channel is
35:09 That's really pretty common. Okay, here would be our laterally accreting
35:18 You know, Basil Rochel service and laterally accreting. He knows the change
35:26 laterally accreting to channel abandoned. The thing, if you look carefully and
35:34 got it made it hard for The channel here the base of the
35:43 is money. And there's a distinct between this lateral accretions and this channel
36:01 . It's quite common tohave channel film separate this side of the channel for
36:11 . So here, because the lower very often money when you're okay,
36:17 say separate was over here. Don't , we got levees that we haven't
36:24 . Okay? And the other thing , most of the time we look
36:28 Channel Migration River. There's not a lot of vertical accretions there is.
36:35 Okay, his valley fills. But we've got a river. That is
36:42 sorry. The channel is laterally accreting it vertically accreting in the van.
36:48 . So we can think of this extreme meandering, then vertical aggregation.
37:00 , now he envisions. This is , aim straight channel to highlighting the
37:11 ring to bend. Okay. this particular example Onley shoes.
37:22 I'm gonna continue to call translation. reality, we see lots of evidence
37:29 this channel can migrate as well as sinuous t because that's what we're
37:36 We're looking and changed in Sydney WASI from low standing loss in the high
37:42 Osti back. Hello. And so of the implications is that the trajectory
37:54 this valley filled Does this really is of Ah, creating Nelly is different
38:00 we see it in the valley and we see it Migrating along the edges
38:06 is different than we get in a Diel migration. We may see a
38:12 bit like this, but then these end up like this. And look
38:16 the change in the levees. Levees getting higher and higher and higher.
38:21 particularly up to here for it's abandoned game. Here's a meander cut
38:27 Here are some areas that were flagged being in channel bed forms with anomalies
38:34 were thought to be maybe Sandy. are probably what we're looking at
38:41 He's in channel that from this particular is a Monterey. How can
38:46 Jim? And yet And here we long here. Okay? And that's
38:58 energies Not sorry, not entities. upper floor regime features scour and getting
39:07 filled okay, like this. one of things we see is that
39:16 wavelength uh, now here was unconfined here was confined is different. Here
39:28 large bed forms on this sheet and air smaller event forms in the
39:34 Okay. 30 m wavelengths, 100 weight likes. So one of the
39:46 we look at here, these are big sand waves that are migrating
39:54 Now, we've actually seen these on and their typical and some levy
40:02 What we haven't seen and these understood well are these in channel upper floor
40:10 features that tears some of these sand here. We'll see him again.
40:21 was getting Now look at this zone and say these linear features. It's
40:33 sand William question more. Okay, all over. Back to pauses.
40:39 over bank over here, Over. . But something is going on over
40:47 that we don't see necessarily over Okay? And so we're looking at
40:53 combination of levee, high aptitude, levies and, in some cases,
41:01 very large spillovers. Okay? And that the outside of a been this
41:10 ICT is the upper part, the of them. The under low concentration
41:21 part of the turbodyne is spilling over channel. Come way out like this
41:32 it takes this sharp right hand Same thing here. Okay, so
41:39 coming down and the top is spilling . So it's called flow stripping.
41:48 it makes a sudden turn the upper , please. And as one of
41:52 ways where you change and Trevin any down current down death. Okay,
42:02 here we have these turbid ICTs There be some erosion, All features.
42:10 gonna be thick to thin, But the levees, the spillover lobes looking
42:16 this. Yeah. So we've got here. We've also got more isolated
42:30 that are channel ized. Okay, we have big spillovers here, and
42:39 going to see in a moment that got little spillovers in a crevasse,
42:44 , Cassie, The sediment waves. what these are. And these air
42:51 upstream, even though the currents are this. So these are our upstream
42:59 , and we see him all over world, okay? And giving you
43:04 kind of a thin, repetitive ah levy deposit. So let's just briefly
43:14 to think about levees. They can a significant lower resistive. Depay reservoirs
43:22 major architectural elements in large fans, they are associate ID with channel fill
43:31 underlying, uh, sand prone channel lobes. So we'll come back.
43:41 breach. We're taking successive slices This is that We're actually looking at
43:50 growth of a levied channel crab Just like we could do with this
43:59 with the Cubans. Gap. so let's come back to this
44:05 But I keep coming back to Looks like this is really saying
44:09 this kind of important slide. So gonna look at that channel levy a
44:14 more, and we're gonna look at pattern. Uh, here's a degree
44:22 . Here's a channel levy sequence. about ways. Another degree flow the
44:29 Here's the high amplitude reflector based in fan. And here's our levee and
44:37 deposits. You see this everywhere you it on the Amazon, save in
44:45 , you see it in generalize and it's a pattern that really is
44:56 a lot. So let's think just second and what you do. If
45:01 had a core here, Well, of all, you're going to go
45:07 the mass transit. There's transport Then you're going to get into that
45:15 resistant heart, and the channel is be cut out. And so overlying
45:26 heart he's gonna be 11 as a bit of a on it to here
45:32 breathe slow that you get, and you're but drink. So if you
45:41 this seismic, this diagram in this you really understand Big Chunk. Not
45:50 submarine systems, but submarines patrolling Okay, skip this. The
45:57 You could look at it on your , but off, then deposits.
46:03 this is spillover, but notice. some cases, you got superimposed
46:10 so there may be reworking. we have contra rights and other types
46:14 deposits that will rework the system. . We've got particular and pleasure betting
46:22 . Um, this is basically the or on the Letty, rather of
46:29 submarine fan system. This is also a levee. Uh, looks just
46:35 tidal flat deposits, but it's not . Now, one looks at how
46:42 channels change with time. Okay, we look at the the meandering channel
46:48 Mississippi Room, I mean, missing guilt. Look at it vertically.
46:55 begins with this wide, low Sanya channel that gets thinner and deeper and
47:01 sinuous. Well, that's a pattern once. Okay, fact, even
47:08 get down here, we get Another thing. I would remind you
47:12 were getting gravels and thousands of kilometres the abyssal plain. Now we've got
47:21 different delta, and we're gonna look some of the float channels here.
47:30 here's one and it's filling a It was cut. This was an
47:39 system. Settlement waves out here and a valley. And here's an interpretation
47:50 that filth. So we're gonna look the channel changes through time and so
48:03 multiple times slices and they look like with the dark red being the old
48:11 , I'm sorry. The gray being oldest and then this great being the
48:18 . Yeah, the basil isn't Amalgamated River. This channel, it's really
48:28 like a grated system. And then gets into sliding, more sinuous,
48:34 too highly. Okay, so here's second example of straight the highly meander
48:44 good angle Look at this system looks me, Andrew. But what we
48:51 to do is look at it over . So this is the lowest champ
49:02 getting straight to me. And just the Mississippi, this temporal evolution of
49:11 channels as they go beginning to back , uh, I agree is
49:20 And the geometry of these channel levee we say all over the world,
49:27 scales, But all over the And they all pretty much have this
49:33 . Okay? No, this And know most of what you need to
49:40 . Okay, Now, here's the filled, Migrating out. Well,
49:48 guess the one thing point out here here. Is that a lateral we've
49:53 horses on. So this is passive feel here. Yeah. Now,
49:58 at this system here. This is on, and it's the part of
50:05 channel systems. I don't understand, I'll describe it. We have a
50:14 channel with internal levy deposits, but filling a channel that has a very
50:27 external levy deposits. So down here have a system that was early incision
50:40 forming a big canyon. But even it was a big canyon, we're
50:45 these big levies, and we're getting big levees that may even be growing
50:54 part of the early channel feel But then they pretty much stopped as
51:00 begin toe get this inner channel migrating with this inter Linds. So we
51:12 this outer channel in her channel with outer ship Big channel. Little
51:20 Big levies, little ladies. Why We have there a particular want
51:30 Under what circumstances were these Outer? these four, since they seem they
51:39 with the early stage of really, Deep channel is a little unclear,
51:47 having said that, certainly part of could be they were really big turban
51:56 . They were filling that child even it was that deep. What we
52:01 know, But the geometry we keep in time in time, here,
52:06 someplace seen Slope Fields channel Big little little channels here, the little
52:17 . Each of these is oil So here's for the channels. Stage
52:25 begin to fill until finally, it's and filled with River Delta.
52:33 in these particular soaked channels, there's an inner and outer, uh,
52:41 . So what we're looking at here a valley filled. We're just these
52:46 , meandering channels in here. Now what we're looking here is again
52:52 channel fill a little more complicated, both of from Well, this is
52:59 denial. This is from Nigeria, it tells a story, beginning with
53:07 channel formed and a de bright name begin to get channel fill more
53:14 fill levies, ladies. Okay, I'm gonna break this up in
53:23 I think is a really useful diarrhea is kind of mimic by looking at
53:29 logs. But here's a slump. then here we have stacked channel fill
53:37 . Okay, High net. Two . And then we see a transition
53:46 low net to grows. Channel levy . These are low senior Austin wide
53:54 . These are high sin you, . More money channels. Okay.
54:02 of these are basically reflecting. A in size channel was slow filling the
54:14 . Main difference is the lack ah, slump here. But then
54:20 varies that that's not required. What see here toe here is the same
54:27 see here to here. We seen send you Osti stacked sands rating into
54:38 highly sinuous aggregation along sands with more increased annual S t in freeze
54:48 As this channel back fills, this back fills now that the canyon is
54:56 have a series of smaller incisions because canyon said to be long lived.
55:02 is a detailed is beyond what I discuss here except to say that when
55:08 talk about these big shell, the would be at either this scale or
55:18 scale. Uh, valley fills and storey flu, Neil, because it's
55:29 . Channel some slums and multiple channel complexes repeated again. So,
55:38 lot of this is that. Remember excavation in failure. And then Lo
55:47 you Osti, the high Samuel followed by Madrid. That's like the
55:56 . Uh, I'm gonna finish up , so it's kind of gonna be
56:04 longest lecture, but we're getting towards end. I won't look what happens
56:08 here. Okay. You could have basin floor channel or Loeb or a
56:15 ID low that's trapped. Did the . Now, when we look at
56:22 change in slope, we get a jump. We talked about that,
56:31 we can, if a high efficiency have a long area where we have
56:37 channel levy low gas called channel a channel logo transfer. Okay,
56:48 some cases, we don't. This important when you see it, because
56:51 means these sands are offset from these completely unrelated. And this is a
56:57 example is actually an outcrop example So you want to see what this stuff
57:02 like, go to this paper okay? And these are the low
57:10 . Okay? And here's that big of scour different types of setting within
57:18 . And here's our channel Levy way here. Now what I want to
57:24 is look at how the levees effect channel of transition. Up here we
57:33 let me crust down. Here we this transition to a lope. Here's
57:39 levee height. Here's the flow So we've got a really big turban
57:47 coming down here. It is overflowing channel and is spilling form your
57:57 How many of the form? it's adding to the levee informing overbanked
58:01 channel deposits. Now that system is up into a more of,
58:11 high density and a low density We saw that earlier. So the
58:19 density, high constant I mean, high concentration flow is not being
58:24 is not overflowing. Instead, we stripping away the low density float.
58:31 the thickness of the high density felt isn't changing much that it gets
58:38 And then it's beginning to spill over the levee heights, which we're getting
58:44 because of less and less low density . Finally, the levees break
58:54 I mean, levies disappear relative to height of that high density.
59:02 And so this is where we begin have display and above it. We
59:08 single levy channels. Okay, Now what happens down here. This is
59:20 be time one. We have a rich system, okay? And I'm
59:34 . This is time one. We a sandwich system where there's a lot
59:40 very thick sandy, lower turbidity and it overflows right here. That
59:48 now we have this front of But look what happens as it goes
59:58 a later stage. Maybe from low to early low stand late, low
60:04 getting muddy more much your coming the thickness of that sandy turbidity current
60:11 a lot less. So the transition way out here and in between is
60:19 here. So what we're seeing is overriding of that alluvial of that basin
60:30 . Fan by channel deposits, the levee system overline This basin floor fan
60:43 . So what's it gonna look Just what we saw before the heart
60:51 . Okay, we say that all the place. Now, if you
60:56 more carefully at that, Logue, turns out as it splits is really
61:00 bunch of individual lobes into smaller Lopes low balance. Okay, so here's
61:08 bottom fan that we talked about and now we're beginning to get a
61:14 coming on top of it. Take look at this. Is the upper
61:21 covering the bottom fan? But just at the bottom fan is the whole
61:25 of lose in those lobes. But This is one low. This is
61:38 . And if we look carefully, lobes are going to consistent little
61:47 Those air like the jets plays that saw in that Ah, dealt the
61:55 . Like dealt. Okay, we in another delta, take a look
62:02 these. The distributor, Eri san's the lobes Just really tiny.
62:11 The lobes are pretty clear. So we're drawing the sands, and we
62:16 see these lobes overlapping as that pro out So they look something like
62:25 Okay, we look at MIT. , mid slope bases, many
62:32 Phil, Phil, Phil. we get the sequence in here.
62:39 the lower part mass transport complex Channel Complex with Marcie Fan overlaying by Levy
62:54 . This thing was filled and Fills and bypass. You could look
62:58 that later, but basically, you it until the spills. Philip to
63:03 filleting spill feel. Okay, Same here. Here's this low sitting in
63:15 and I'm gonna skip this. Skipped you could look at it again,
63:21 used examples This one, though, important. Here is the logo of
63:25 Amazon maximum low stand. And here the lobes beginning to back filled.
63:35 what we're seeing is these lobes not What were that filling with maximum transgression
63:48 seeing the lobes finally pinch out and . Just not an upset in the
63:52 and get about there. Okay, . I want to end with some
64:06 off. And you could look at entry leader reservoirs. Okay.
64:12 we talked about levees. Let me . We talked about this channel
64:20 She's Here's a core from the top . This is from the Gulf of
64:27 . This is a core of an levy from the current base. So
64:33 air typical levy deposits okay. And were some descriptions. Let's get this
64:41 here. In that apply seen we see Levy channels those levy
64:51 Here's the field. We say It's a meandering the low.
65:01 If you look in here, here the levies. Those two levees air
65:11 by a mud filled channel. You're connected. And so what we're looking
65:20 this is fault control here. The is along here that in some cases
65:29 separates the two two levees. here we have again the lobes.
65:42 Elements Low Distributor. Eri Channels. is the reservoir. This is the
65:48 of our heart. What is that many places? Okay, so here's
65:54 towel channel. Phil Levy. Okay. No, this is not
66:03 . There's a little bit of mud in here care. So here's the
66:09 channel. Just get water. And the gas and oil. Okay.
66:18 here are the your water contact down . The channel isolates the to levy
66:27 . Okay, we're seeing here and . See it? Here and
66:36 Okay. The Ram field. This a Siris of Amalgamated Chief Sands,
66:46 by Levy Sands. Okay, lets , Uh here. The living There's
66:53 margin of the channel. There is leading, the channels wet.
67:01 60% net Sand in the proximal part in the distal part of living.
67:09 , here's that channel of you. , it in other areas you've got
67:15 . This is the levy. This the Galway like, and you've got
67:20 Siris of down lapping lobes. here in MENSA, you've got a
67:28 of low. So Amalgamated Sand, These are the so called harps.
67:36 we see is that low came in filling in many basin for my
67:43 And when we look very carefully, going to see that each of the
67:46 has little find this tributary channel. . And these were the major producers
67:56 this is some of the characteristics of shade low. Um, Minsa
68:05 Here we see individual lobes. Some amalgamated, and basically this is
68:17 Courtly. Okay, so these are reservoirs and, uh, gay grades
68:31 . So we have both channel sands sheet sands and their characteristics. I'm
68:37 end with this. Like it Look this sometime. It basically is looking
68:43 a field in the alias Sing. if we look at frosty permeability is
68:51 a big difference between different fields and . It has to do with the
68:55 quality. Miocene reservoirs are much better the Paley has seen. And one
69:00 the reasons is the composition of sandstone the composition of sandstone, which was
69:08 rock fragment. Here we had a source here. Volcanism was occurring.
69:13 rock fragments. A lot of digests time to get to the Miocene.
69:18 looking at a Mississippi stores report more chemically composition immature, uh,
69:26 hired ferocity. So the same stories how source area is taking care of
69:36 remain insolence reservoir potential. So we've die Genesis source area deposition environments.
69:46 put it all together in ways that hard to keep in mind.
69:54 we've been looking at a lot of , and, uh, he's writing
70:02 30. I kind of rushed through end. I do it What?
70:06 , but, uh, I will this and I want to thank
70:11 Don't thank you for your attention and attendance. You didn't a good humored
70:20 seemed to be well adjusted in this time. so I won't see you
70:25 unless somebody wants to talk about the two. Um, I am not
70:35 plant all regular meeting on Wednesday unless want to his group get together and
70:41 about the exam. If you email and say you want that all set
70:44 , resume meeting unwise on, we talk individually. Ah, reminder about
70:51 take home exam that I'm still putting . It'll be do probably Wednesday
70:58 Uh, they have it due Wednesday nine. Something like that.
71:03 so you've got pretty much four day to work on it. It says
71:07 the right. Ok, Eso. it. Um, I will post
71:14 videos uplifting right now. They should up by five, and I'll start
71:18 the exam. Will have the exam by probably for hopefully send your
71:24 Okay. Although again, I have and I have to take care of
71:29 Okay. Bye bye. Has been . Oh, I will see you
71:32 another time in online. Okay. line.
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