| 00:00 | This meeting is being recorded. Uh Parking issues. OK. |
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| 00:07 | Yeah, it will be fun with . OK. So uh we've been |
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| 00:11 | about tectonics and diaper is, is it's closely related to tectonic. |
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| 00:27 | oh no, you're a geophysicist, ? You're my geo, you're my |
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| 00:34 | where all the salt come from when salt die appears. I mean, |
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| 00:41 | I look at rivers, I don't them depositing salt and it never bothered |
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| 00:48 | . I wonder what, what makes all comfortable evaporate. OK. |
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| 00:59 | What evaporated water water? OK. see, let's take off of |
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| 01:17 | OK. Will, well not the continent? OK. OK. We |
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| 01:34 | a Cambrian Sea in the, in central US that went from the Gulf |
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| 01:38 | Mexico all the way up to the deck through and during th uh up |
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| 01:51 | devoting in time there was big evaporation that cause is about almost a mile |
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| 01:59 | salt, salt and anhydride, What's that? Yeah. Good. |
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| 02:16 | . Making good progress. All So, and, and there's about |
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| 02:21 | mile of that in uh West the Texas Panhandle, Western Oklahoma, |
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| 02:27 | Kansas. Your ocean. OK. that's good. All right. |
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| 02:33 | OK. Build on her, her there. Anthony. OK. Where |
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| 02:41 | , where the, where the salt the Gulf of Mexico come from? |
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| 02:47 | should bother you. Yeah. You live here. Yeah, it's |
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| 03:03 | . But what evaporated? OK. water? The water? Which |
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| 03:15 | OK. Which ocean Pacific? no, because we're in the, |
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| 03:24 | not connected to the Pacific. M got it out. Which |
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| 03:37 | Atlantic? OK. But hold the Atlantic is why can't it just |
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| 03:42 | in from the Arctic Ocean and the North New Salt water coming from |
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| 03:47 | Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic. Mhm. Oh, yeah. |
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| 04:06 | You get yours from the Indian Ok. Yeah. During the opening |
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| 04:12 | of the Atlantic, the proto Ok. So you had North Africa |
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| 04:21 | kind of into the eastern United Colombia right here uh to where Texas |
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| 04:30 | . And then as Africa Europe broke from the western hemisphere and formed the |
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| 04:39 | Ocean first. You had the but they had this kind of narrow |
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| 04:43 | . You just open, right? you have a narrow ocean and it |
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| 04:50 | still closed. It, it opens closes at South America. So they |
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| 04:56 | a technique there's a word they use zipper tectonic. So it kind of |
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| 05:01 | opening in the north and unzipped as go further and further south. So |
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| 05:08 | Argentina and South Africa met that would and close, open and close. |
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| 05:16 | when it closed per Atlantic Ocean. the Atlantic Ocean would evaporate and now |
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| 05:24 | got 1 to 2 miles of salt there. So would evaporate him, |
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| 05:30 | fill up again because the opening would in and the other oceans would come |
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| 05:34 | and would evaporate again and drop, cetera. Now, of course, |
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| 05:37 | gonna be mainly on the shelves because ocean was narrower at that time before |
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| 05:44 | totally opened. So, basically, got the same salt and Nigeria and |
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| 05:52 | that you have in Brazil. And here in the Gulf of Mexico where |
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| 05:58 | more a localized area from like the , we're stuck up in here. |
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| 06:03 | there's, that's where all the salt from. OK. So we got |
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| 06:07 | thick layer of salt. Salt is little bit more plastic then rock in |
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| 06:17 | sense that it can dissolve, dissolve recrystallized. OK? Just like |
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| 06:24 | underneath an ice skater. Ice. that cold stuff? You don't have |
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| 06:30 | here, but you put all of pressure of your, of your weight |
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| 06:36 | that little blade that changes the the ice melts. So you have |
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| 06:41 | little thin layer of water underneath your cake, right? So it can |
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| 06:46 | and then move like a glacier. , OK. So for shale and |
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| 06:50 | dye appears, here's an example happens be from offshore Nigeria pretty big survey |
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| 06:59 | from Amoco uh and I would maybe kilometers by 50 kilometers, something like |
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| 07:06 | and down at 1700 milliseconds, I'm pushing the wrong key. We've |
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| 07:15 | a shale ridge, a shale a shale ridge, another shale |
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| 07:21 | a shale ridge and then basically uh the sand rich sediments coming down the |
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| 07:31 | is to the north up here. . So what's happening is the, |
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| 07:38 | *** River is loading sediments down here are slowly kind of moving down |
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| 07:47 | You can see the faults here are of bow shaped anchored into the shale |
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| 07:53 | . So as those sediments are loading top of this thick layer of malleable |
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| 08:00 | , they're pushing down and the shale coming up on the side. |
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| 08:06 | So we're gonna look at this sub so we can get a little resolution |
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| 08:12 | then up shallow. We have uh kind of features here. I'm right |
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| 08:19 | the sea water and here about 705 circular involved. And here I have |
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| 08:35 | falls. You don't have radio, come out radio Olympics in the radio |
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| 08:46 | kind of down as we go you see the same pattern and deeper |
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| 08:59 | appears. And then here is the I heard before Pao diaper or |
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| 09:06 | So if I look at uh let's um H prime, which is down |
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| 09:14 | across this shale guy up here, my shale dye coming up and I've |
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| 09:23 | a bunch of faults coming out of shale Diop here. And one thing |
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| 09:28 | about shale Diop here is they can big blocks of sand in them, |
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| 09:32 | know, just mixed in with them well carried along with them. And |
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| 09:38 | here is uh CC prime BB So that's this one, the one |
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| 09:45 | had the ring falls around it. here is uh C uh VB prime |
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| 09:53 | CC prime. So this fall and faults are the same. It's a |
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| 10:00 | fault and here's my shale die here up like a cone bringing some sediments |
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| 10:06 | with it. And um Carlos, this guy right here? I'll give |
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| 10:24 | a hint this reflectors at 0.75 or about 0.6 or 0.7. This reflector |
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| 10:36 | here at 1.4. Yeah, it's multiple, it's associated with the water |
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| 10:53 | . Now it's a little harder to because I don't show you the top |
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| 10:56 | here. OK. But I've this is almost exactly double, just |
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| 11:01 | across. So you always need to your eyes open to it for multiples |
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| 11:06 | not interpret them the hours. And here's another. Oh, yeah, |
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| 11:16 | didn't know her. So I go each of them later on uh later |
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| 11:21 | the afternoon, I'll go through some these little depressions in them ocean bottom |
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| 11:28 | those are going to be pock marks with coming up to the surface. |
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| 11:34 | . So here's a big survey from Gulf of Mexico offshore Texas. |
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| 11:40 | Oh This is a smaller one first . So, so I showed you |
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| 11:47 | maybe on the first day of class first or second, here's a coherence |
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| 11:58 | . And so this is what the is and this is what the salt |
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| 12:02 | then I have these bulks. And mentioned that oh these faults aren't continuous |
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| 12:09 | . You can see they're broken. in 1996 or 97 when uh Chopper |
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| 12:16 | published this example, we just said this is noise and this is noise |
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| 12:23 | this is noise. We knew this salt and thought. But what happens |
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| 12:28 | we, as we understand geology, basic geology and geologic processes and then |
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| 12:39 | our seismic uh resolution and then pick apart, we add on. So |
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| 12:47 | in the late 19 nineties, we thought these things here were were |
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| 12:53 | And if you look carefully, you say, oh, there's a little |
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| 12:58 | channel features in here and there's a bitty channel features in there. These |
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| 13:04 | turbid dies, that's what a turbo like. And you get a little |
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| 13:08 | in there, some chaotic stuff around . Well, in the 19 |
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| 13:13 | some of the companies knew what turbos , most of them did not, |
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| 13:17 | was just becoming really important. And this one is a mass transport |
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| 13:23 | We'll talk about mass transport complexes later well. OK. Here's this big |
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| 13:28 | offshore Texas Louisiana from uh PGS And you look at it, um just |
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| 13:35 | the seismic data, there's a couple things you'll notice. I've got a |
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| 13:40 | film here. I got a salt here, a salt comb here, |
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| 13:44 | salt dome here, there's probably a dome deeper in here. OK. |
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| 13:50 | in these areas, I have very reflectivity because it just salt and salt |
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| 13:55 | there's no internal impedance changes. All you have inside is random noise. |
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| 14:04 | this is a relatively newer survey 2006. So they've got good processing |
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| 14:12 | you don't have much noise internal to salt. And the older surveys, |
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| 14:17 | might see some mis migrated in mis , reflexes inside the soul, but |
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| 14:23 | here. I see some frogs. ? I see a roll over any |
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| 14:33 | . Thanks. And then I see chaotic stuff, chaotic stuff here, |
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| 14:40 | chaotic stuff there, chaotic stuff chaotic stuff here and that chaotic |
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| 14:47 | That's not seismic noise, that's geologic . Those are mass transport complexes or |
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| 14:56 | landslides. OK? So just swampy the C four. So there are |
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| 15:04 | faults salt guy appears, oh, at a time size through seismic |
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| 15:12 | that's what a salt dome looks This looks like a salt dome. |
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| 15:16 | looks like a salt dome. This like a salt do. They're kind |
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| 15:20 | elliptical with very low amplitude. This that looks like cut onion rings. |
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| 15:28 | one here, this one here, one here. Those are sediment |
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| 15:36 | So that means I have either a or a bowl when you have that |
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| 15:40 | of circular elliptical feature. And because know the geology a little bit, |
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| 15:46 | all bold and they're salt withdrawal OK. So the salt came out |
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| 15:52 | those areas where the bowl is and up with the guy appears. So |
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| 15:57 | happened again? The here in the married here? OK. Do you |
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| 16:13 | one tube of toothpaste or two tubes toothpaste at home? Oh, only |
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| 16:18 | . Do you argue about it? . OK. How do you take |
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| 16:23 | toothpaste out? Yeah. When you the toothpaste out in the morning, |
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| 16:28 | do you take it out? You squeeze it in the middle. How |
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| 16:31 | your spouse do it? Oh, . Very happy marriage then. |
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| 16:42 | Anybody else? Yeah. Pardon? tubes? How come? Oh |
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| 16:51 | You got a different brand. Well, in my house we got |
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| 16:54 | tubes. My thing is like South in the North Mexico, we've got |
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| 17:05 | lot of little rivers. Ok. name a river, right? What's |
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| 17:09 | closest river? Which one? That's close. And we got the |
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| 17:15 | River and then we go down, further south. What's the next |
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| 17:22 | Colorado ways? Maybe that's a I don't know. And you keep |
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| 17:27 | down and these rivers aren't carrying a of dirt or bitty rivers with, |
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| 17:33 | only go up into central Texas Mississippi half of North America, right? |
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| 17:41 | these little rivers, they bring sediment they lay it down as a |
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| 17:47 | right? And that's like me with tube of toothpaste, I roll it |
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| 17:54 | the bottom, very, very geophysical the bottom. And then the toothpaste |
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| 18:01 | off the front. So then this like the uh Mad Dog Field. |
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| 18:08 | me think of the uh the big escarpment. So the salt comes out |
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| 18:15 | like a big ridge. Ok. Cleaner North Sea is the same way |
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| 18:21 | Europe salt ridges. My wife, like the Mississippi River. Sometimes it's |
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| 18:29 | , sometimes it's there, sometimes it's , sometimes it's there. It changes |
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| 18:33 | it uls so it loads here s up, loads over there. |
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| 18:38 | s comes up over someplace to the . Ok. So it's pushing down |
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| 18:41 | the time. So she's pushing her anywhere in there. And then after |
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| 18:47 | while of toothpaste starts coming out the of the tube, out the back |
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| 18:51 | the tube. Very annoying. What's solution? Two tubes of toothpaste? |
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| 18:57 | . For marital happiness. So this how you get salty appears. It's |
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| 19:01 | Mississippi rivers changing every 20,000 years or . It wants to change now. |
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| 19:09 | we've got the Atchafalaya a dam. been, you've been there. |
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| 19:17 | So you go west from, I'm , you go east from here down |
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| 19:22 | 10 and then you'll see a big and then you go across the AAA |
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| 19:28 | and then, well, maybe 1520 , then you hit the other |
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| 19:33 | And so the US Corps of Engineers put a big dam at the top |
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| 19:37 | keep the Mississippi river changing course. wants to change course and go down |
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| 19:42 | the Atchafalaya, which is 50 to miles west of New Orleans. So |
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| 19:48 | would happen? The Mississippi lower Mississippi would silk up. It wouldn't be |
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| 19:53 | big port anymore and then there would less fresh water. So they, |
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| 19:58 | diverted it and that's caused all kinds problems ecologically. OK. Here's my |
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| 20:05 | diet appears. Here's my swamping mass complex. Some of them, |
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| 20:13 | here's what it looks like on The salt looks very incoherent. Uh |
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| 20:18 | do see shale on shale, low , Strat gra reflexions. I see |
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| 20:25 | . I see mass transport complexes. gonna, here's my swamping again, |
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| 20:30 | rendered, I'll take the swamping word or I'll take the words off to |
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| 20:35 | I have the blue swamping. That's it looks like on coherent. And |
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| 20:42 | I'm going to claim that this area in here that's mass transport complexes in |
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| 20:49 | mini bases these little circular features, mass transport complexes. Here's one on |
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| 20:56 | vertical slide, here's one on the slide. OK. That's what we're |
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| 21:03 | . All right time slice through that data volume. I've got called diet |
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| 21:10 | mini basins and in the mini basins So I've got just think of it |
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| 21:17 | unconsolidated mud. So these slumps are at the, at the present c |
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| 21:24 | like an unconsolidated mud as the basin into the mini basins and the salt |
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| 21:31 | up, I tilt the surface instead it being flat. Now, maybe |
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| 21:35 | got a half a degree dip or degree dip and then I have a |
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| 21:41 | or an earthquake, it mobilizes and down downhill. Ok. So that's |
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| 21:50 | they're at are coming down. they're sliding into the mini basin. |
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| 21:59 | I can plot the reflector convergence. I said we could map the pinch |
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| 22:05 | direction with a color bar. So my color bar. Uh I got |
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| 22:12 | north twice through the data. So I am, I don't know, |
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| 22:18 | pick a mini base and may as pick, I'll pick this one. |
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| 22:25 | . So here it's pinching out to southeast here, I'm pinching out to |
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| 22:32 | southwest and, well, it's not out very steeply to the north. |
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| 22:38 | find one here. This one's pinching to the north and northwest and here |
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| 22:43 | the northeast. Southeast. Ok. out to the north and blue |
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| 22:49 | southeast and yellow orange and then southwest Greece. But that makes sense. |
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| 22:57 | what accommodation space on the edges of mini basin go a little uh |
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| 23:04 | a little cleaner picture. I could used this uh to show the, |
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| 23:08 | pinch outs in the mini basin. here you see the salt and the |
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| 23:11 | bas basin pattern and some of the coming along and then deeper. |
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| 23:19 | Here's a vertical slice through the data salt. Here's my salt. Here's |
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| 23:25 | mass transport complex. Here's what a transport complex looks like. Another |
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| 23:32 | another one up here, another one in here, see all that chaotic |
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| 23:38 | . Now, they're a little organized . In some cases, they tend |
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| 23:41 | be blocks that are rotated and that's chaotic. You can see there's |
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| 23:49 | some structure in here rotated blocks. what a mass transport complex looks |
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| 23:54 | Nice conformal sediment. So a lot salting oh piece of the channel, |
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| 24:02 | of the channel because it's the time , a uh probably a salt dome |
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| 24:07 | a mass transport company. Oh it's another mass transport complex. |
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| 24:14 | So here's my pinch out. So can see, oh I'm pinching to |
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| 24:18 | it's pinching out here. That's what mapping. It's pinching out this |
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| 24:25 | That's what I'm mapping. So less space at the edge of these mini |
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| 24:31 | . So they're gonna be thicker in middle. That's a channel there, |
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| 24:40 | ? And I can put it on vertical as well. See how we |
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| 24:44 | all of that. OK. So a large mega merge that western GEO |
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| 24:53 | together on the US shelf. So the Texas Louisiana border, uh New |
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| 24:59 | or over here someplace and uh what had are all these old surveys that |
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| 25:06 | wanted to buy anymore because the big were looking at uh deep water. |
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| 25:12 | . They already rolled up the So they said, well, how |
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| 25:16 | we market this? So somebody can buy these data. So they put |
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| 25:21 | all together and they repros made this merge survey or gam meg survey and |
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| 25:27 | uh tried to sell it so people , could look at it where they |
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| 25:35 | to buy the data. So here's of the products they had as their |
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| 25:39 | , they ran variants on it because was Western Depot, part of Schlumberger |
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| 25:44 | all these little fingerprints, they her phones, there's a whole lot of |
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| 25:50 | films in there and then you see faults, how the radio fault comes |
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| 25:54 | radially and then whoa, it turns and comes in radially to the next |
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| 25:59 | and you see that pattern over and again. A radio fall coming |
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| 26:04 | turns around, goes into the next . Radio fall comes out, turns |
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| 26:07 | . So locally the radio, but they do the strain and stuff interacts |
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| 26:12 | the cell phones. And their idea is maybe uh company X over here |
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| 26:18 | , well, I've got a new concept for cotton to play limestone, |
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| 26:23 | or northwest uh sand, whichever like . Oran sand is one of the |
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| 26:29 | plays in East Louisiana. Um I wanna buy it between these two |
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| 26:35 | . So I'm gonna buy 100 square of data out of this mega |
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| 26:40 | Ok. So there is a salt on carbonate deformation. This is the |
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| 26:48 | Valley Limestone in East Texas, Northwest . And here is the s stalk |
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| 27:00 | here and here is the salt die here, ok? And we got |
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| 27:08 | chalk, a lime, a lime a lime. So we got a |
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| 27:13 | of chalks and limes in this. here there's a little piece of salt |
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| 27:17 | a little piece of salt and then call this a salt. Well, |
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| 27:26 | . So explain to these folks English language. What does a weld |
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| 27:35 | OK. Put together, I give example. Yeah, like a welding |
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| 27:46 | pieces of what? Copper and I'm gonna, I'm gonna weld copper |
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| 27:51 | steel. Is that gonna work? need to take shop class, |
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| 27:58 | You put steel and steel together, can put copper and copper together, |
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| 28:01 | a lot of the metals don't but basically you heat it up and |
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| 28:05 | you stick them together and they recrystallize they don't really melt but then you |
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| 28:11 | them together. OK? So well like really tight together. So a |
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| 28:17 | , well putting the sediments down, the sediments down, we're squeezing the |
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| 28:23 | out to the sides and eventually the on top meet the sediments, the |
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| 28:31 | , the sands and jails below and squeezed all the salt out and in |
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| 28:36 | picture where there's a luan salt, are little remnant pieces of salt. |
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| 28:43 | . So salt wells, as you into interpretation of Gulf of Mexico settlements |
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| 28:47 | particular, but also Angola and Brazil other places in the world. Guess |
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| 28:54 | ? The tectonics above and below the could be quite different. The salt |
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| 28:58 | have moved quite a bit. you can have a very obvious un |
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| 29:06 | at the salt wells. In this , not really, it's kind of |
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| 29:12 | to the well below, it's pretty parallel above it as well. But |
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| 29:18 | often you'll have radically different tips above below the salt. OK. So |
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| 29:24 | the salt well, and then in middle, the dye has come |
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| 29:28 | OK? So I'm going to look the thickness between the Buddha line and |
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| 29:37 | James line. Oh Notice very thick here, moderately thick on the |
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| 29:47 | So what happened here is my stalk . OK. So I have been |
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| 29:55 | the salt out instead of a mini . I'm pushing all the salt out |
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| 30:01 | as I push more and more salt , I have more and more accommodation |
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| 30:07 | . So the salt uh the thickness the middle is is greater. So |
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| 30:13 | it's 1300 milliseconds stick and on the away from the salt, it's like |
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| 30:21 | m thick. So this is the thickness and then here was the salt |
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| 30:28 | . OK. Here's a time slice the data. Um these white holes |
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| 30:36 | here that coherence of is black What are they? Why I got |
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| 30:44 | ? Why do I got those holes the survey? Pardon? Missing |
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| 30:49 | Why missing data. Good. No . OK. Real common in North |
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| 30:58 | . OK. Colombia. No government go anywhere they want, they own |
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| 31:04 | , they own all the minerals, ? I think. Right. |
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| 31:08 | that's the case too. So uh the case for, for most uh |
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| 31:16 | . Ok. So little geopolitics. is it? Ok. In |
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| 31:25 | the big shale gas producers are the , Canada and China. So we |
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| 31:37 | a lot of gas and a lot shale and Poland, why aren't we |
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| 31:45 | shale gas in Poland? Roberto? look to me like an international, |
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| 31:50 | political guy. Mm. Who's not ? No, it has nothing to |
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| 32:05 | with the US. We'll make money place in the world we could care |
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| 32:08 | it. Yeah. But why, don't the Polish companies produce still |
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| 32:16 | why don't the French companies produce shale ? Pardon? High taxation? |
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| 32:25 | but they're paying $8 MC F for imported from Louisiana. I mean, |
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| 32:32 | not make it at $5 or? ? It's a, what? It's |
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| 32:44 | reserve. Ok. But why why aren't they producing it though? |
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| 32:48 | government owns all this, all the rights. So the French government owns |
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| 32:53 | the mineral rights in France. Polish owns all the mineral rights in |
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| 32:58 | Ok. Have you ever visited a fracking job? Ok. What's |
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| 33:06 | ? Like? It's really noisy, , really noisy for like, maybe |
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| 33:11 | months. Right. So, if you live near that kind of |
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| 33:16 | and then what to do to the , tears them all up. I |
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| 33:21 | , these trucks, I mean, put in 20 train cars of sand |
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| 33:27 | one. Well, and they're all that by truck. Oh, and |
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| 33:30 | you got salt water disposal and everything that the way it is noisy, |
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| 33:35 | is messy. And then if you're farmer it screws up your farming for |
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| 33:41 | year. Just makes your cattle go . Ok. So what benefit do |
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| 33:47 | have? What if you own the rights? Get some of the |
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| 33:56 | right. Yeah. Yeah. So the US and Canada, most of |
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| 34:02 | , well, I would say I work. Hello. Hello, |
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| 34:11 | , uh, in the US and where we're producing shale gas, you |
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| 34:18 | , and doing fracking. It's in like Texas, Oklahoma, North |
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| 34:25 | uh, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, West . And so the land is privately |
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| 34:35 | and so the, the mineral rights are making money. The local |
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| 34:43 | school district, county and state, all making money. Some of it |
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| 34:51 | to build better roads. Some of goes as it should to build senior |
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| 34:56 | of senior Citizen Wellness Center. So can do Tai Chi. We got |
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| 35:02 | of them in Norman gonna sign up start next week. It, it |
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| 35:08 | you balance good anyhow. Um, there's benefits to the school. There's |
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| 35:18 | so big impact on the economy. , yeah, it screws things |
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| 35:22 | People don't like it. People have . Ok. So the rancher or |
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| 35:28 | in Pennsylvania and all of a sudden getting a half a million dollars a |
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| 35:33 | , he's gonna buy, not just pickup truck, he's gonna buy |
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| 35:36 | do you know what a Dooley All right. She knows what a |
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| 35:39 | is. Explain to her, explain Carlos what a dole is. It's |
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| 35:46 | double wheels on the back, the truck. Ok. Double wheels on |
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| 35:52 | back. So you're gonna buy ad means the guy who's repairing the |
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| 35:56 | the guy who's selling the trucks in , they're happy, the little restaurants |
|
| 36:03 | everything with bacon in it. You , they're happy. Everybody's happy. |
|
| 36:07 | be a vegan in each town. So, um, it goes to |
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| 36:13 | local community a lot in Poland, goes to Warsaw. So people have |
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| 36:20 | the headache and the annoyance that goes this, this the national capital and |
|
| 36:25 | they spend it however they want France same thing. So guess what? |
|
| 36:30 | no support for this because there's no in the US. There's very, |
|
| 36:35 | little amount of shale gas being produced Bureau of Land Management from public |
|
| 36:42 | It's almost all private land because people , oh it's bad for the |
|
| 36:47 | Well, yeah, it's, it's of bad for the environment, |
|
| 36:51 | you know, tearing up the ground everything like that. But if you |
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| 36:54 | money, well, I'm gonna go trees, you know, there are |
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| 36:57 | you can do with it. Permit zone. That's where the permit |
|
| 37:04 | . This guy probably has a methamphetamine on his property right here. |
|
| 37:09 | Let's not have anybody on it. . Up shallow. I see a |
|
| 37:15 | of faults, a salt dome there's a salt dome over here, |
|
| 37:19 | salt dome over there down deeper, more fault and they ring f and |
|
| 37:30 | deeper. Still so many ring I'm not even gonna put them |
|
| 37:35 | So this was like one of the examples where people saw saw ring faults |
|
| 37:42 | seismic data started back when 2001. you can imagine why I wanna be |
|
| 37:49 | painful to pick all those faults and see that they're, they're ring |
|
| 37:54 | . Everybody thought rainfalls were only from meteor impact. OK. But it |
|
| 37:59 | out I showed you one was shale appears before and this one salty |
|
| 38:04 | So here's his uh uh Steve Mayon's explanation. I've got the salt coming |
|
| 38:12 | and then I have sediments coming OK? And then as this falls |
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| 38:21 | because now the salt is coming I'm gonna form. Oh, he |
|
| 38:26 | the word Chevron false. They're shaped a Chevron. OK? Which is |
|
| 38:29 | shape, not the, not the company to escape Chevron. So this |
|
| 38:35 | basically got a little tension on it to the Chevron Folds, but I've |
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| 38:40 | circular symmetry. So the Chevron forks , are circular and you keep |
|
| 38:48 | And at the end, you had Chevron boats blown around in a |
|
| 38:54 | Um Let's look at the seismic amplitude this survey and um here he's |
|
| 39:01 | uh I think the top, it's Buddha if I recall. So here's |
|
| 39:06 | uh a chalk or a limestone. then another one in here, another |
|
| 39:12 | in here, another one in here's his fault and here's the fault |
|
| 39:21 | the data. And you notice these over here, we talk about stair |
|
| 39:30 | and artifacts and coherence, but this more geological. So what we have |
|
| 39:36 | is those faults aren't making a but like the one on the right |
|
| 39:41 | not nice and continuous. So what have is uh you would explain it |
|
| 39:48 | a, a lunchtime analogy. Uh and jelly analogy. So I have |
|
| 39:54 | cracker and I put jelly on it I put another cracker and then I |
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| 39:59 | on it and the crackers crumble and down the left side of my shirt |
|
| 40:05 | the jelly squeezes out and falls on right side of my sh my |
|
| 40:10 | That's why I eat, I eat at lunch. I don't eat crackers |
|
| 40:14 | jelly. OK. So the crackers like the carbonate in chalk, they |
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| 40:21 | cats, they're more brittle. The is like the jelly, it's more |
|
| 40:28 | and squeezes out. So the different properties between the carbonates and the shales |
|
| 40:36 | this example, and the chalks results different uh response to the stresses. |
|
| 40:43 | one flows the other fault. And you'll see this uh throughout the |
|
| 40:51 | . So the falls don't have to connect. Bye. OK. So |
|
| 41:00 | attributes allow us to quickly define and of course fault with network. Geometric |
|
| 41:06 | are relatively insensitive to the seismic source . Such they're useful in visualizing geological |
|
| 41:14 | that span surveys subjected to different acquisition processing. They're not sensitive to frequency |
|
| 41:22 | phase and amplitude uh curvature illuminates not folds and flexures but also uh areas |
|
| 41:31 | faults that appear on seismic data as lectures. OK. So it doesn't |
|
| 41:39 | see the fall, it doesn't see fractures, but it images them as |
|
| 41:46 | lecture. OK. And co rendering and coherence provides a means of visualizing |
|
| 41:52 | on simple time slides of what's what's down. OK. Any comments |
|
| 42:00 | that, on structural stuff? Then , did you make coffee at? |
|
| 42:09 | OK. Let's get a cup of and then we'll start with uh the |
|
| 42:13 | lecture while we're still awake. Talk plastic, right? Anybody else can |
|
| 42:34 | a cup of coffee, cafe de Selva or Cafe Montana. What, |
|
| 42:41 | did you, what are you offering ? Is it artisanal? Oh, |
|
| 49:06 | . So I've turned it back on . I pretty good cause I, |
|
| 49:17 | , no one's answering. That's Too early in the morning. |
|
| 49:24 | So the, uh, so I've three more lectures today today. We'll |
|
| 49:28 | a little more lecture. Most of are. Well into the lab. |
|
| 49:31 | of you completed it. Woo OK. There's more stuff to play |
|
| 49:38 | . OK. So here's an, , I mean, you just |
|
| 49:42 | hey, go see what's in see what, see what stuff |
|
| 49:47 | And uh that's where, when you know, teaching over the years |
|
| 49:52 | found with like patrol the difference between engineering folks and the geology folks. |
|
| 50:00 | is in between and the engineering they'd be in the class and you |
|
| 50:06 | , I'd go from version one you know, 2017 to 2018 and |
|
| 50:12 | moved the button and then you just there, that button is not there |
|
| 50:19 | , and they just sit there and know, but not doing anything. |
|
| 50:24 | students, they're busy looking at all of stuff that isn't in the |
|
| 50:28 | just seeing what's underneath it, just picking buttons and see what, |
|
| 50:33 | things do. There's a lot of stuff in here, a lot of |
|
| 50:37 | stuff in terms of visualization and volume . Very, very good graphics, |
|
| 50:43 | , very good graphics. OK? , but today I'll talk about |
|
| 50:49 | Then after lunch, we'll talk about , take a break, you |
|
| 50:55 | for an hour and then I'll end talk about, uh, shallow |
|
| 51:02 | Uh, not shallow water. Shallow drilling hazards. Ok. |
|
| 51:08 | could be deep water drilling hazards uh, Makondo. All right. |
|
| 51:17 | all know about Macondo, right. . Tell us all, you know |
|
| 51:28 | Macondo the blowout. Yeah. Yeah. So it was a |
|
| 51:48 | had a deep water, well, they thought it was going to be |
|
| 51:53 | moderate, a moderate producer. I , good producer and under higher |
|
| 52:00 | but it was under real high No, it was right here off |
|
| 52:06 | Houston. And so that may be , 2005. So I mentioned it |
|
| 52:15 | you one because uh it was a uh leakage of oil. I |
|
| 52:24 | just, I don't know, several of their own. OK. So |
|
| 52:30 | thing they found out, oh, got a much bigger personal artist than |
|
| 52:33 | thought and higher pressure in them and had a have to pay for the |
|
| 52:37 | up. You were talking billions of queen. So you can search that |
|
| 52:41 | the web and see what the cost it. But the part that's interesting |
|
| 52:46 | has to do with Doctor Don. . So the news agencies are looking |
|
| 52:51 | somebody to talk about it with Well, most of the oil |
|
| 52:58 | they didn't, if you're from you don't wanna talk smack about another |
|
| 53:03 | company. You don't wanna do Certainly don't want to talk to a |
|
| 53:06 | . So they're looking for an academic most of the folks, you |
|
| 53:09 | I do Haala earthquakes or something like . So they found Doctor Don. |
|
| 53:14 | Don was perfect. He works for oil company, Amaco for 20 |
|
| 53:18 | Most important. He has that beard his beard is nicely shaven. So |
|
| 53:25 | looks like a professor. He looks a professor. Ok. And he |
|
| 53:30 | like a professor and as you can , he gave a very balanced assessment |
|
| 53:36 | from the oil industry thing. He about all the oil industry thing and |
|
| 53:40 | he knew about the geology and what wrong. So it wasn't like sensationalism |
|
| 53:47 | the other thing. Go ahead. mean, CNN, of course, |
|
| 53:51 | CBS and ABC said, well, we, can we broadcast from |
|
| 53:57 | And Don said, yeah, as come in on the, a common |
|
| 54:02 | , there's the, the TV station the radio station. So we've got |
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| 54:08 | public TV and radio here, on campus. So, yeah. |
|
| 54:12 | , we can, we can talk them. Oh, cool, |
|
| 54:16 | Ok. So they got that all a sudden it was live feed throughout |
|
| 54:20 | world. And then they said, this went on for like four |
|
| 54:26 | Doctor Don on TV, almost every . Then can we get a picture |
|
| 54:33 | ? Oh, yeah. Yeah, can even broadcast from the roof. |
|
| 54:35 | they went to the roof of the and then you can see like the |
|
| 54:38 | Enron building, which is now the building. So you can see all |
|
| 54:42 | the, you know, downtown oil , uh, the old coffee place |
|
| 54:47 | was in, um, Independence the movie Independence Day. You |
|
| 54:55 | let's go drop a bomb on Houston , uh, at the, |
|
| 55:00 | exit. You ever noticed that? watch it again. Let's go drop |
|
| 55:04 | . And just before they saw the , you see uh exit Calhoun |
|
| 55:09 | Uh this place is dispensable Independence OK. So you could see all |
|
| 55:15 | , all the trashy party in Houston all the stuff that there's Doctor Don |
|
| 55:20 | his beard, talking, talking science stuff. So ask him to give |
|
| 55:25 | overview, a five minute overview. class. He still enjoyed talking about |
|
| 55:30 | . It was fun. He got big award from the president of the |
|
| 55:34 | because he put the university on the and he put on all of the |
|
| 55:39 | TV, stuff. Big time. was pretty cool. All right, |
|
| 55:47 | . So we're gonna use attributes in context of seismic geomorphology. So, |
|
| 55:53 | is the study of shapes. Geomorphology the study of geologic shapes. |
|
| 55:59 | And uh in seismic geomorphology, we're use seismic to do it. And |
|
| 56:04 | going to look at, we're going use geomorphology to recognize architectural elements of |
|
| 56:10 | different kinds of systems, shallow deep water shelf and then we're going |
|
| 56:15 | figure out some of the, some the detailed things, the architectural |
|
| 56:22 | So if you take a class in gray. So where's, oh, |
|
| 56:26 | my strier, right? You're a , right? OK. And you're |
|
| 56:32 | a structural geologist. You've denied So you, you're either a carbonate |
|
| 56:39 | or a Strat networker. OK. stratigraphy. People here. You've taken |
|
| 56:50 | . OK. So give me an of an architectural element. Yeah. |
|
| 56:57 | street gray. No, it just like you go, go hiking around |
|
| 57:05 | the, you're, you're taking a down the, down the Trinity |
|
| 57:11 | What's an architectural element of the Trinity ? If you're doing Strat gray and |
|
| 57:18 | going down a canoe on the Trinity ? What, what kind of things |
|
| 57:20 | you going to talk about? That's pretty cool. All right. |
|
| 57:26 | right. What service? Yeah. about easier things? Like you wanna |
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| 57:30 | a picnic lunch? Which side of river are you gonna take the picnic |
|
| 57:35 | on? Right inside? OK. what's that called? Point Bar because |
|
| 57:47 | tends to be sand. When you out of here, you're gonna see |
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| 57:52 | sand on all the insides. The side is all black raspberries and poison |
|
| 57:58 | and Greenbrier. On the Cut bank . You don't want to take a |
|
| 58:01 | lunch there. Those are two architectural poses all by themselves. Another architectural |
|
| 58:09 | flooding over bank deposits and other architectural . Now, the reason you want |
|
| 58:13 | put all these together is it tells you see it on the seismic |
|
| 58:20 | The seismic data has got a you may not even know what direction |
|
| 58:25 | river was. OK? But you see which side was the cut |
|
| 58:32 | which side is the point are. then if you look at stack |
|
| 58:35 | you can see hot, you're always cut further down stream. OK? |
|
| 58:41 | not, it's kind of logical, ? But that allows you to |
|
| 58:46 | oh, the water was flowing from to west and in Poland where you |
|
| 58:50 | know which, which was the Where was the mountains or where was |
|
| 58:53 | sea at that time? OK. you can tell from the architectural |
|
| 58:57 | some of those elements will show up obvious on seismic data. They're not |
|
| 59:02 | ones you wanna drill. Uh You to drill the point bar, you |
|
| 59:07 | want to drill the middle of the , the channel axis that that channel |
|
| 59:10 | is often built with just play. you wanna drill maybe the point |
|
| 59:16 | maybe the levy. And so by those together, you understand the environmental |
|
| 59:25 | . OK. And what, what setting was? And where would you |
|
| 59:30 | to have coarse sands, fine clays, et cetera. So we'll |
|
| 59:36 | with fluvial. Oh Another question OK. I'll pick on Lily for |
|
| 59:43 | . What do you see here? see what a channel system and a |
|
| 59:52 | . Yeah. Where do you think are? Yeah. What, where |
|
| 60:00 | this photograph of Texas? Ok. . One vote for Texas. |
|
| 60:11 | You tell me where do you think from Texas? Ok. Deep water |
|
| 60:19 | someplace. All right. He covers lot of places, Anthony. There's |
|
| 60:29 | couple of clues in here. Anything about this that bothers you what there's |
|
| 60:39 | in it. So this is this is the, the George and |
|
| 60:45 | Valley in Mars where the little little has been going around for three |
|
| 60:51 | And I guess what evidence for water the past. So there was, |
|
| 60:56 | know, water up here and it a channel and then formed a fan |
|
| 61:00 | then later, you know, you , Meteors or asteroids, Meteors probably |
|
| 61:06 | of cool, isn't it that So you can use concepts of |
|
| 61:11 | figure out what the pale environment was other planets? Ok. So here's |
|
| 61:20 | of uh the architectural elements of a deltaic system up here. We've got |
|
| 61:26 | the floodplain semi compacted and then the come and we use the bifurcate. |
|
| 61:34 | means they furcate means like a bifurcate. They just the two prongs |
|
| 61:40 | fork and they go into 23 forms prongs of a fork, they get |
|
| 61:47 | and thinner. And then so you these little uh distributor channels, then |
|
| 61:55 | have uh mouth bars, you sand bars at the mouth. And |
|
| 62:02 | here you'll have your, uh, delta front here, you have the |
|
| 62:09 | , uh, and then here you'll your pro delta and then you'll have |
|
| 62:13 | shelf and this pattern. Damn. they look alike? Kind of |
|
| 62:19 | huh? The same laws of And then if you're a geologist and |
|
| 62:26 | at outcrop or core, uh, , well, I mean, |
|
| 62:30 | I can't do this but a good can do that if I look at |
|
| 62:36 | pattern like here, I'm uh upward coarsening and then here um upward |
|
| 62:49 | You're familiar with those words. You those words? Ok. So the |
|
| 62:54 | you, as you're near shore, gonna have coarser sediments as you're farther |
|
| 63:01 | , the finer sediments are in so they'll drop further and then the |
|
| 63:05 | one. So the size of the grain tells you how close you |
|
| 63:10 | to the fork. So then if at a fixed location and I'm going |
|
| 63:16 | four grain to fine grain, that the ocean is transgressing on queer o |
|
| 63:26 | on my old house there. So becoming, it's becoming finer and |
|
| 63:31 | It means um that location is further further from the shore. If on |
|
| 63:36 | other hand becomes coarser and coarser, means the shoreline is coming closer and |
|
| 63:40 | to. Now, we use the words in shale, but we |
|
| 63:44 | we gotta make it sound fancier. we're uh yeah, more shay kind |
|
| 63:50 | person and they'll use the word dirty more clay in it, upward |
|
| 63:58 | more quarts in it. Yeah, kind of concept. OK? And |
|
| 64:03 | you use gamma rays to do that that's the most common way to |
|
| 64:06 | it. You're measuring how much clay in the material. OK? Here |
|
| 64:12 | a booth presentation we made in an meeting in 1995 when uh we came |
|
| 64:18 | with coherence and you can see all of bifurcating and stuff of this |
|
| 64:24 | Paleo Mississippi River, same scale, , Mississippi River or I should say |
|
| 64:36 | River in 1995 because in 2023 guess ? There's less than land now because |
|
| 64:42 | , the sediments, what happened? , ok, who's been in an |
|
| 64:55 | over out of New Orleans? So you look in New Orleans, |
|
| 65:03 | flying out of New Orleans. What you say about the farm land and |
|
| 65:07 | property in the world? You stop Louisiana like here if you go central |
|
| 65:19 | , even around here, the that kind of square, right? |
|
| 65:24 | might be rotated down in South Texas this was more Spanish, West |
|
| 65:29 | Panhandle, Oklahoma, everything is south and west. I hear they're |
|
| 65:32 | little rotated but they're still kind of . What about Louisiana? No, |
|
| 65:43 | not farmland. I'm saying, I'm . So, you know, like |
|
| 65:48 | Opelousas or near or any place in league, what you're gonna see and |
|
| 65:56 | see the same thing in the uh Orange River. And ok, bye |
|
| 66:05 | you're gonna have, people might have ft along the river and then like |
|
| 66:13 | miles deep. So the way the gave property, the only transportation was |
|
| 66:20 | river. So everybody had a little of river and then you couldn't grow |
|
| 66:27 | on 200 ft by 200 ft. , 200 ft by several miles to |
|
| 66:31 | these long skinny properties. Ok. bring it up at Google Earth |
|
| 66:37 | And then as part of those rules , to own it, you had |
|
| 66:41 | maintain the levy la in French. Newton's not here, Jim 11 in |
|
| 66:47 | , I raise up in the I get up. Ok. So |
|
| 66:50 | something that's raised up. So you that up, you have to build |
|
| 66:53 | up and maintain it to prevent everything poetic. So your farmland behind would |
|
| 66:59 | flooded. So since that time, hundreds, Mississippi River has got levees |
|
| 67:07 | it. They still have levies on . If you break the levies, |
|
| 67:10 | everything is gonna flood. You got , you got New Orleans in |
|
| 67:13 | you got all the cities and stuff that. What that does is |
|
| 67:18 | So you can even see some of levees along the edges here, all |
|
| 67:22 | sediments during the spring storms and all mud, it keeps going down off |
|
| 67:26 | bird with delta goes off of the into four kilometers of water. So |
|
| 67:36 | other words, all the sediment is building up new land that's being |
|
| 67:43 | So what would happen naturally? We'd down the Achoa River. All the |
|
| 67:49 | would build thousands and thousands of acres new land every year at flood |
|
| 67:57 | Oh, yeah. And that would down. Meanwhile, the old stuff |
|
| 68:00 | under compaction, waiting and stuff like . So you're always repishing, but |
|
| 68:04 | now because of engineering, it's totally up. And so there's talk |
|
| 68:12 | I mean, allowing the Atchafalaya River open at certain flood stages. So |
|
| 68:18 | reworking that dam so we can try build some new land and prevent problems |
|
| 68:25 | uh what? So this is part geoengineering and so forth now. |
|
| 68:30 | So my point is what we see the old Mississippi River. This one's |
|
| 68:38 | a 150 miles to the, to east of the present day Mississippi River |
|
| 68:43 | rotate it and here's the current one here's a horizon slice like I showed |
|
| 68:50 | earlier in maybe last week. And , so it's a horizon. So |
|
| 68:59 | belong to Paleo Mississippi River. In 1995 when coherence was new, |
|
| 69:06 | said, OK. Yeah. That's channel. And then, then |
|
| 69:10 | is uh there's a fault, this fault is actually controlling the channel |
|
| 69:17 | kind of cool. Um And this seismic noise. Well, it turns |
|
| 69:23 | it's not seismic noise. We had control. So we went out in |
|
| 69:30 | . No, in seaplanes cool. whole group of us. A training |
|
| 69:38 | . Ok. And training class we , ok, we need to know |
|
| 69:41 | laterally. We rework del sale. we set up a field course. |
|
| 69:48 | had seaplanes. We went out to Chandelier Islands, the manager, we |
|
| 69:53 | him along, he brought his fishing . He was fishing for redfish. |
|
| 69:57 | were looking at geology. Uh but this is the old delta from |
|
| 70:04 | Mississippi river 50,000 years ago. And it's ID work from the tides going |
|
| 70:11 | , out, in out pumping water originally it was all sand. Then |
|
| 70:15 | start adding clay behind it. Now of the seismic reflectivity here. My |
|
| 70:22 | size is about 25 m by 25 and these little channels are about |
|
| 70:29 | So what do you get? I don't get a high resolution image |
|
| 70:33 | the channel. I guess there's ugly . OK? I just get scattering |
|
| 70:38 | it like the ceiling. So this is actually showing the hurricane Katrina, |
|
| 70:44 | islands are gone. They got, got wiped out. Then here's another |
|
| 70:52 | down on the uh south part. we see this little or not? |
|
| 70:57 | do. Well, we had a of wells and we can say, |
|
| 71:02 | this is a point bar where a bar should be OK? Is that |
|
| 71:08 | curve of the river? And we see the edge of that thing uh |
|
| 71:14 | show that. So then we started , understanding that oh on coherence, |
|
| 71:20 | mean, we can actually start to some of these architectural elements. There's |
|
| 71:24 | point bar right there. OK. of the work done in um understanding |
|
| 71:32 | systems is done by modeling it. here is a fish tank. So |
|
| 71:39 | give you an idea of scale, a ladder. OK. Step |
|
| 71:43 | So it's a pretty big fish tank , you know, aquarium and then |
|
| 71:47 | put covered sand in it and they try to simulate depositional systems. So |
|
| 72:01 | is uh showing the surface flow pattern show up here in a bit. |
|
| 72:11 | . So they got ocean and they're uh and see how these fans are |
|
| 72:22 | from side to side and then lateral . So let's go. So let's |
|
| 72:50 | at bifurcation. So you have a channel and then it becomes two |
|
| 72:54 | see right here and then another one off again, right? So they're |
|
| 73:06 | for K single channel, overflow deposit over bank deposit. There's a, |
|
| 73:16 | that's gonna move upstream. Other bifurcation a single channel will break into |
|
| 73:27 | OK. Here's an overflow and you how that the whole thing is moving |
|
| 73:41 | the side. OK. And then oan this is what kind of happened |
|
| 73:49 | the river. You had a, total change in direction of the river |
|
| 73:56 | abandoning the old channel and then it's lateral migration to the channel So this |
|
| 74:05 | what we would see over geologic There's a braided screen, but let's |
|
| 74:14 | . I may as well look at . So we're gonna have another |
|
| 74:22 | First out. Zero, the channel going in a different direction. |
|
| 74:32 | Got a new river. Then it expanding. I have another revulsion. |
|
| 74:44 | a good way to improve your geology . No. Sweet being A B |
|
| 74:56 | . So we're trying to or sediment is trying to map of the bar |
|
| 75:02 | . These are the longitude bars versus bars. We're gonna have another |
|
| 75:11 | But when you go to a map and you got your Strat in |
|
| 75:15 | they're gonna start their map meeting presentation management with the following kind of |
|
| 75:22 | It was a dark and stormy. no, we've got to put everything |
|
| 75:27 | the right environment. OK? And sediments were being sorted at the beach |
|
| 75:35 | the coarse sediments near shore and A for them far short and sea level |
|
| 75:41 | and covered all the sh right. put things in their geologic context of |
|
| 75:50 | environment. OK? Uh Happen to Gulf of Mexico amplitude slice. I |
|
| 75:59 | a bunch of channels, coherent Wow, complicated. This is what |
|
| 76:04 | the the Jono station in Colombia was in Bohai in China. Here's a |
|
| 76:12 | analog for meandering channels. Here is river meander but the Greeks called |
|
| 76:22 | The Turks called Missouris. Here's the river and on the bottom is Fell |
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| 76:30 | East Mirror in Turkey where uh Saint , uh Saint John, the Apostle |
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| 76:39 | , was held prisoner. Ok. um, so notice the point |
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| 76:46 | the stand at all the points. it's a very, very flat flood |
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| 76:57 | and tributary to see the architectural Family point, bar, point, |
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| 77:13 | , point, bar, J bar bar, uh Oxbow, oxo oxo |
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| 77:23 | something. We call a, a a cut off where the water goes |
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| 77:27 | little faster. And then you may able to see these little patterns |
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| 77:34 | We'll call those scroll bars. So say 500 years ago, the river |
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| 77:42 | here and then we had a flood the river comes out and it had |
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| 77:46 | flood and the river comes out and flood and the river comes out another |
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| 77:51 | , the river comes out. Here's current location. The point is doing |
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| 77:56 | . So we can actually see the of pre point bars. We call |
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| 78:00 | scroll bars, sediment college. So we can map that. We |
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| 78:05 | all these architectural elements. Here's a shoot trying to come across, |
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| 78:10 | to make a short cut. So is gonna be higher elevation and. |
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| 78:18 | . Ok. And then there's patterns . Well, ok. So here's |
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| 78:25 | finding upwards on the sequences you'll see the bottom of the channel. There's |
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| 78:30 | floodplain, Mi Ming, we you'll see all the channels and the |
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| 78:40 | channels. And here um you can some kind of balance. I'm gonna |
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| 78:56 | you this picture up here on the river kind of a fun book. |
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| 79:03 | Don't go canoeing around Moss buff. done that before. Anybody like to |
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| 79:07 | fishing and canoeing. You go there Moss Bluff and you go in some |
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| 79:12 | these bayous and the little lakes and like that real easy to get |
|
| 79:18 | Everything looks the same and how the do I get back really hard? |
|
| 79:26 | . On the river proper, it's , but the bayou is just kind |
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| 79:29 | dangerous. So I spent several hours with my daughter lost down uh down |
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| 79:35 | around in here by interstate 10. anyhow, there's kind of an air |
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| 79:43 | of the Trinity River. See all point bars. Oh Oxbow, |
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| 79:50 | Oxo Oxo. These are the architectural and we can see them very, |
|
| 79:59 | clearly. Ok. An example from Hernan Reichen Stein. He did his |
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| 80:08 | thesis here and um, here is suit so little food from uh Galic |
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| 80:22 | . And what he did is in experiment, um, it's hard to |
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| 80:27 | permission from uh national oil companies to data. I mean, it's hard |
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| 80:33 | to get them from, from Our international oil companies. So like |
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| 80:41 | being like EN I and EP et cetera. Uh National oil companies |
|
| 80:48 | very uh difficult because if the lease with Exxon and Exxon doesn't find anything |
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| 80:56 | don't want Exxon to publish anything about . They wanna sell that piece of |
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| 81:00 | too. Uh Chevron. And ok. Well, let's sell it |
|
| 81:05 | the French. Ok. We'll send , sell it to Tata and then |
|
| 81:09 | Tao gives it up. Well, always CN one of the Chinese now |
|
| 81:14 | always somebody else to sell it Ok. So they don't want you |
|
| 81:19 | publish anything about their data. It's , very hard to get permission. |
|
| 81:23 | here I've had many, many international students from Saudi Arabia. They |
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| 81:29 | get any data. Mexico really hard get data. Why? For Mexico |
|
| 81:35 | Saudi Arabia, it's not so much they're gonna allow other companies to come |
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| 81:40 | and drill because they're not. It's like Alberto published a paper about uh |
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| 81:50 | and uh sh sh area down in Yucatan. It says, well, |
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| 81:56 | ferocity doesn't look as good, you , and then you write this paper |
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| 82:00 | a peer review journal. Some clown Wall Street reads it and the peso |
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| 82:05 | down 15%. All of a sudden no money for hospitals and schools in |
|
| 82:09 | . I'm serious. This is really happens. Same thing with Saudi |
|
| 82:12 | Somebody says, oh, things aren't so good for this reservoir. People |
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| 82:16 | playing with the currency so they're really tight about it. Other places |
|
| 82:22 | Angola, Nigeria, Thailand, they make sure you just keep, make |
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| 82:29 | much money as possible. For for the taxpayer for the country, |
|
| 82:34 | will allow you to show and I'll you a bunch of examples from the |
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| 82:38 | area here is very, very Um And I'll show you one from |
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| 82:46 | that maybe a kilometer deep. And you're shallow, you don't have high |
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| 82:53 | . So there's not going to be economic. So you can say whatever |
|
| 82:56 | want about it. OK. if you look at this data a |
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| 83:05 | and this is picture of conventional seismic shallow but then for safe reasons to |
|
| 83:11 | in the platform, they had to a a hazard survey. So the |
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| 83:16 | data went from five to maybe 100 20 Hertz good quality data in the |
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| 83:23 | the shallow section. The hazard survey shot on Tooting lines one kilometer by |
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| 83:33 | kilometer grid. And that's what we're here, kilometer by kilometer using a |
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| 83:38 | data set. So what they have like a big spark plug off the |
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| 83:42 | of the boat with hydrophone. And that puts energy in at a |
|
| 83:49 | OK. So 10 times higher frequencies conventional seismic. How deep does it |
|
| 83:56 | ? Oh, it might look several m, you know, maybe 500 |
|
| 83:59 | but not deeper than that. And it's not good for exploration, but |
|
| 84:02 | good for mapping hazards. So what did, he took these data where |
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| 84:11 | had all those great detail and integrated with the conventional seismic to kind of |
|
| 84:17 | . Well, all right, we the moderately well imaged features on the |
|
| 84:22 | seismic. I know what they are the hack serve. Let me put |
|
| 84:26 | all together. So there's the that put together here and a couple of |
|
| 84:33 | , some of the importance of Well, I've got Sandrone faces and |
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| 84:40 | this is Gulf of Thailand. So of Thailand, the waters maybe 100 |
|
| 84:46 | deep. OK? And I've got channels, these fluvial channels that were |
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| 84:52 | down uh when the sea level was 300 m. OK. During the |
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| 84:57 | age. Then when sea level what did it do? It filled |
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| 85:02 | channel actions with a shale plug. so what's may be counterintuitive if you're |
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| 85:10 | geophysicist, you may think, oh , I wanna drill the channel. |
|
| 85:14 | , here is exactly the place you want to drill. The channels are |
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| 85:18 | with shale. So when you have meandering channels that are filled, they're |
|
| 85:23 | filled with clay. OK. So form and barrier to fluid well, |
|
| 85:32 | it were a deeper reservoir. And they would be a battle. |
|
| 85:38 | So here is the seismic amplitude data quality because it's shallow. They're only |
|
| 85:44 | and 60 milliseconds deep. Here's the image, right? You see much |
|
| 85:52 | the same, a couple of extra . Um 0.5 0.5 point far high |
|
| 86:03 | . OK. So sand filled, an ox bow here's an ox |
|
| 86:09 | Uh Here's some of these scroll scroll bar, harder to see. |
|
| 86:15 | . Here's some scroll bars, some bars from the previous um 20 bars |
|
| 86:23 | then I see them, OK, bars, scroll bar, scroll |
|
| 86:28 | oxo oxo. And then here's his . We got some interesting little channels |
|
| 86:36 | in here. I don't know if see them on, not as clear |
|
| 86:42 | the emphasis and here's his interpretation. . So God his main channel and |
|
| 86:52 | got bar translation, bar expansion into scroll bar, bar expansion. |
|
| 87:00 | Uh Shoot cut off, shoot is for waterfall uh rapids. And um |
|
| 87:11 | w you know, it's a shortcut the water can flow. OK? |
|
| 87:17 | then here's another example here, you see the gold bars very clearly. |
|
| 87:22 | some kind of a channel coming up guys in there, here's the, |
|
| 87:30 | , here's a coherent were hard to in the amplitude data. You |
|
| 87:37 | the data is still excellent. It's things you don't see in the |
|
| 87:42 | but in particular where you see this size channel going in on the and |
|
| 87:47 | , the edges of this inside channel nicely. Uh Sproll bars. I |
|
| 87:53 | know. And here's what you right? Oh Let's see if you |
|
| 87:59 | see the ch the shoot cut Uh You'll see it a little bit |
|
| 88:05 | . All right. So these are architectural elements of this system right |
|
| 88:13 | He's gonna take a line and I'll to go back and download his thesis |
|
| 88:17 | get the exact line again. But we're looking at these patterns here, |
|
| 88:24 | is the detail of what that point looks like. So shoot, it |
|
| 88:30 | be every, every five years you a big flood. It could be |
|
| 88:34 | year you might be seeing, you , you can see a lot of |
|
| 88:38 | . Um This is what those point look like on high resolution data. |
|
| 88:43 | a deeper point bar earlier, building , building out, building out, |
|
| 88:47 | out. Oh, then sea level , I fill with flat plays and |
|
| 88:54 | 0.5. Here I eroded. And at the end I fill in everything |
|
| 89:01 | , with much. So this helps get confidence as to what you're seeing |
|
| 89:07 | the regular revolution side. OK. from South Texas. Um And here |
|
| 89:19 | got a big lister fault coming down conjugate faulting. And then uh Mohammed |
|
| 89:28 | Morai, he uh was he mapped Dom State fall and then he's mapping |
|
| 89:35 | little channels up here. So these are caught on the up block, |
|
| 89:41 | the upper part of the uh on side. So the channels are stuck |
|
| 89:48 | in. So here's the weather. they're stuck in this part and they're |
|
| 89:54 | control. And finally down here is little bit of cut and then come |
|
| 89:59 | in the onto the uh what it you a bunch of channels. And |
|
| 90:11 | are some of the details of those a meandering up here, the Growth |
|
| 90:18 | heritage. And then it, it across down here and just more |
|
| 90:26 | And then he breaks, breaks these into the different uh channels that were |
|
| 90:35 | abandoned of vaults. So here's the channel and then the vaults and the |
|
| 90:42 | channel and then in the vaults and the third channel and then in the |
|
| 90:45 | and there's the fourth channel and the , there's the fifth channel and the |
|
| 90:49 | and the sixth channel. How do know about when they evolved? |
|
| 90:53 | they might be stacked a little higher the section. Ok. Here are |
|
| 91:01 | channels at uh Northwest Oklahoma using uh , green, blue um stop. |
|
| 91:22 | you can kind of see. All , here's a channel cutting across |
|
| 91:25 | These are time slices. Here's a of a channel, here's a piece |
|
| 91:28 | a channel. So these are what call red Fork channel. Their Pennsylvanian |
|
| 91:38 | in central and eastern Oklahoma. These the major oil fields 1919 7, |
|
| 91:48 | . Uh why the sed and the PG are located in T Oklahoma? |
|
| 91:52 | of the giant oil fields in Northwestern , they're filled with water. But |
|
| 91:59 | we're drilling deeper after this Mississippi lime . So it's, it's a limestone |
|
| 92:07 | about 20 to 30% church in it it's highly fractured and we're producing oil |
|
| 92:14 | of the fractures. In this the channels aren't a target. They're |
|
| 92:20 | drilling hatter because when you drill you can lose all of your drilling |
|
| 92:26 | into these highly porous pernial permeable channel . So you need to map |
|
| 92:32 | So the drillers know how to prepare mud, weights and, and |
|
| 92:38 | et cetera. OK. And here's showing a couple of the attributes of |
|
| 92:44 | system, different attributes. Uh GLCM , a gene entropy where you can |
|
| 92:54 | the channel, OK. Differential Here's a fluvial channel in Alberta. |
|
| 93:03 | Sinder picked this horizon down here and gonna use that and display then along |
|
| 93:13 | horizon and this is a froth line this is an in line and we |
|
| 93:18 | see these uh channels here. I them color coded but pretty subtle on |
|
| 93:25 | vertical seismic. And here's the time map of this horizon here, this |
|
| 93:31 | ones, a fan horizon. Here's the coherence image. Oh I |
|
| 93:39 | a distributor channel system. Most negative is the distribution channel system most |
|
| 93:49 | Uh It's not really talking to OK. So here's the most negative |
|
| 93:56 | and you say, well, is real or not? What the heck |
|
| 93:59 | that pattern? So we can, gonna use animation with coherence because coherence |
|
| 94:05 | comfortable with been around longer. There's po I'll do that again. So |
|
| 94:15 | corren. So in this part of channel, I've got a coherence anomaly |
|
| 94:24 | the way along. So this means have a valley shape, negative |
|
| 94:29 | negative value inside the channel, So there's a high correlation of being |
|
| 94:38 | the channel, say no coherent and curvature. Therefore, when I'm further |
|
| 94:47 | and I don't have a coherent anomaly here. Oh Well, I know |
|
| 94:52 | I bifurcate, my channel is getting and thinner. So two channels are |
|
| 94:58 | carrying what one channel did before. they're gonna be narrow and instead of |
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| 95:02 | the same amount of water and that's and eventually they're going to get narrow |
|
| 95:07 | that or thin enough. I'm thin enough that I don't have a |
|
| 95:12 | in wavelength across the channel edges. I don't see it incoherent, but |
|
| 95:16 | do still see it in curvature. that is so part of that my |
|
| 95:23 | anomaly and here's my curvature anomaly, curvature anomaly is what goes further. |
|
| 95:31 | ? Were continuously. OK. Another set from Alberta coherence anomaly, uh |
|
| 95:43 | channel system. Uh a little one , a little weaker, maybe it's |
|
| 95:47 | little shallower or deeper another distributor So let's look at this 10 This |
|
| 95:54 | area keeps going, let's look at 10 It branches off to the left |
|
| 95:59 | keeps going. So practically it's got same kind of pattern. I'll use |
|
| 96:06 | to Corder. Here's the coherent I'm real comfortable saying this is channel |
|
| 96:14 | into the North American Seaway connecting the Oceans that next. So this |
|
| 96:21 | you know, that age, cretaceous uh sediment. Thanks. Just like |
|
| 96:28 | Colombia, there's a big t way the uh Magdalena River all through Columbia |
|
| 96:39 | Center. Correct? Yeah, I , I can't remember what the name |
|
| 96:43 | the seaway is. But then you the Andes on one side and you |
|
| 96:46 | the, the South American great Town the other. OK. So I |
|
| 96:54 | render a little bit of animation and we captured. OK. So what |
|
| 97:04 | kind of doing, we're saying, , the coherence is calibrating what I'm |
|
| 97:08 | in negative curvature and there's really a correlation there. So what's the |
|
| 97:15 | Well, the distribution system that means near the ocean or the sea, |
|
| 97:24 | inner North American Segway. So I'm , I'm on a flat what queen |
|
| 97:35 | out into, into the ocean. level rises, fills the sediment, |
|
| 97:42 | those channels, distribution channels with add more and more sediments and over |
|
| 97:48 | of years, the play compacts more the flood plain. So what do |
|
| 97:58 | get? I get a little depression those channels. But what I'm seeing |
|
| 98:04 | differential impact. Bye. That's what seeing. Thanks. There's another one |
|
| 98:21 | Canada I think are a little flat straighter and I got a structural high |
|
| 98:44 | the thrust, high positive curvature. is my other structural high over |
|
| 98:50 | OK. Negative characters. Not talking me. It renders positive curvature and |
|
| 98:58 | . Oh I got a positive curvature with coherent anomalies under the side, |
|
| 99:04 | curvature, anomaly, coherence, anomaly positive curvature, a coherent phenomenon. |
|
| 99:11 | the other side, a Google structural structural high, I've got a greater |
|
| 99:20 | . That means the flo the keeper your stratigraphy class. Remember? |
|
| 99:28 | Flat slope. I'm gonna meander right the ocean bottom. I'm gonna bifurcate |
|
| 99:36 | slope. So it could be on shelf edge, Steve. Well, |
|
| 99:40 | gonna be straight or I could be the mountains straight. There's going to |
|
| 99:46 | straighter channel, they're gonna drop their grain material first. So the straighter |
|
| 99:53 | now are gonna be filled with stamp and then you got your flag |
|
| 100:01 | All right. Now, I bury , I bury things. I bury |
|
| 100:05 | . The floodplain has less sand in . It compacts easier than the |
|
| 100:12 | So what I'm left with is a high over the channel. So this |
|
| 100:18 | a lithology indicator just like we talked hydrocarbon indicator. Does this say it's |
|
| 100:24 | high permeability sand? No, but does say it's less compact than what's |
|
| 100:31 | it. What's the simple sort of explanation? There's more sand in |
|
| 100:35 | We know nothing about the permeability but can say there's more sand. |
|
| 100:41 | This one's kind of cute. I four or five channels in here seen |
|
| 100:45 | coherence. You look at it you see are a little positive anomaly |
|
| 100:51 | . A little, maybe negative anomaly . Here, there's a little negative |
|
| 100:55 | , a little negative anomaly. Let's put negative curvature on first. |
|
| 101:04 | . Using my hypothesis. And that this channel is probably filled with |
|
| 101:09 | This channel is probably filled with This channel is probably filled with |
|
| 101:13 | This channel is probably with shale. put positive curvature on. Oh, |
|
| 101:22 | my structural height. A little structural this channel probably filled with sand. |
|
| 101:30 | I got a fan filled channel with positive curvature normally on it and then |
|
| 101:36 | shell fills. OK. So how you get that? Well, first |
|
| 101:42 | all, we're seeing what's preserved in data. So these channels could be |
|
| 101:51 | years apart from each other. You , all kinds of things could have |
|
| 101:55 | . Second of all, we're only at this part of the channel. |
|
| 101:59 | don't know what the provenance. Another of those deep voice words and |
|
| 102:07 | what the provenance of the sediments So the ones that are clay |
|
| 102:12 | they may have come from the West the ones that are sand filled may |
|
| 102:16 | come from the north. OK? different rocks eroding so that you have |
|
| 102:21 | as well. But what you do here is I've got two different kinds |
|
| 102:26 | compaction going on in the same sort . OK. I talked about Omega |
|
| 102:32 | other day. Here's some guy, a cartoon like different kinds of channels |
|
| 102:40 | plays. And in Oklahoma where you're inside and out. There's a vertical |
|
| 102:48 | through seismic amplitude data. Oh, is one of the limestone picks. |
|
| 102:55 | another limestone pick easy to make. then in here, uh there's stuff |
|
| 103:01 | on but pretty darn hard to Ok. And would be hard to |
|
| 103:09 | . Here are some of these red channels. So here's a stage |
|
| 103:13 | a stage two, a stage five pork channel. And here is a |
|
| 103:21 | from actually there are three little surveys Amaco collected in the mid 19 |
|
| 103:27 | And we see this channel here, version of the channel before it defaults |
|
| 103:35 | in this direction. Some things here then some acquisition footprint. Here's a |
|
| 103:40 | slice with a coherence image there. the the same data were reprocessed about |
|
| 103:48 | 12 with neighboring surveys by CD OK. So the same piece of |
|
| 103:56 | data from the mid 19 nineties along other pieces of garbage data from 19 |
|
| 104:03 | and they were reprocessed together. And reason they did a better image, |
|
| 104:08 | only processing difference was a technique called consistent status which came out. And |
|
| 104:16 | uh mid two thousands and surface consistent says well, instead of having a |
|
| 104:23 | per trace, I'm gonna have a underneath the shot per shot gather and |
|
| 104:29 | the receiver for receiver gather and you back and forth and you say, |
|
| 104:32 | the static at that physical location is to be consistent be the same. |
|
| 104:39 | . And that helped quite a But the main difference here in imaging |
|
| 104:44 | migration aperture. So the edges of channels which give rise to diffraction they're |
|
| 104:53 | by the other surveys. OK. by putting the surveys together, I |
|
| 104:59 | image the stuff that's outside edges that outside my survey, the other person's |
|
| 105:05 | and that gives me a much cleaner . The other thing it does, |
|
| 105:12 | shows more geology. OK? And , that's really important. So being |
|
| 105:18 | to see things in the right So OK, you'll have to put |
|
| 105:27 | camera over here. Now, that , we've got a draw on the |
|
| 105:35 | . Oh, this is uh your probably don't work, right? We're |
|
| 105:40 | find out your racer works. That's . Uh It's not bad. Not |
|
| 105:50 | bad one. You do have two . You have blue and blue. |
|
| 106:08 | . Oh Alicia's gone. So I ask her. She would know this |
|
| 106:16 | . What do you see? Animal? What kind of animal? |
|
| 106:28 | sand? You say a sandbar? sandbar? She sees a sandbar? |
|
| 106:35 | . Who's got kids here? you said you're married, you have |
|
| 106:41 | . What do you say? it's not dark enough. It's a |
|
| 106:50 | seen through a second story window. . This is what you have when |
|
| 106:56 | have a small skirt. R you put things in the right context. |
|
| 107:01 | right. OK. We're at Let's go in. What do |
|
| 107:21 | Oh, a better one. what do you see there? |
|
| 107:23 | Now you're on a roll. no, no. I draw a |
|
| 107:33 | bit darker. Well, this works good. It's a bear climbing a |
|
| 107:43 | on the other side, right? don't know that? Ok. |
|
| 107:51 | This one's more or ethnic? Carlos. What do you see the |
|
| 108:20 | frying an egg looking at him from ? No. Ok. All |
|
| 108:31 | A bunch of them like that. the bigger surveys allow you to put |
|
| 108:35 | in context. OK? And then more about the acreage you do own |
|
| 108:45 | some of the gradient. Uh East , north, south. We're seeing |
|
| 108:52 | of the dis uh distributor system or and then here is the original data |
|
| 109:00 | then there is the mega merge. , think differently. And here is |
|
| 109:08 | spec decomposition, original data and then mega merge. So the next version |
|
| 109:16 | put things both context, they help improve edges. In this case, |
|
| 109:25 | Democratic edges versus vault. Now pit with differential compaction. This is an |
|
| 109:33 | data volume. We only had 32 at the time. Nordic Sea. |
|
| 109:40 | see a oh, this looks like channel down here. This looks like |
|
| 109:44 | channel up here. I look at as mute. Yeah, I'm dipping |
|
| 109:50 | the south on the north end and that, that's cool. That |
|
| 109:55 | like a channel. OK. Dipping the southwest dipping to the northeast if |
|
| 110:02 | go deeper. So is this a if I go deeper? 220 milliseconds |
|
| 110:13 | scale incoherent scale incoherent scale, here's channel. So in this example, |
|
| 110:21 | got a channel up here and then have a a channel here, but |
|
| 110:26 | channel is really not at this time it's deeper. So what I have |
|
| 110:31 | I have differential compaction over that deeper which is sand filled. OK. |
|
| 110:37 | shale is compacting more and I get differential compaction anomaly, I can't call |
|
| 110:43 | false because the structural geologists hate if call that false, but they're a |
|
| 110:51 | . I can't use the word OK? Just continuity uh associated with |
|
| 110:58 | deeper feature. So just like if uh an interpreter and you see an |
|
| 111:06 | below that looks like a channel, gotta be worried. Let's say if |
|
| 111:13 | looking underneath the, the Soto Canyon the Mississippi in, in the Gulf |
|
| 111:19 | Mexico or under the Mississippi Canyon in Gulf of Mexico. I'm looking underneath |
|
| 111:25 | canyons. I have an incise in ocean. The ocean is actually |
|
| 111:30 | OK? By 500 m, gonna me a velocity, push down |
|
| 111:36 | If I go down 3 4000 I might still have a pushdown |
|
| 111:42 | I need to make sure that push effect is not due to the ocean |
|
| 111:48 | or topography here, I'm saying you to do the other thing I see |
|
| 111:53 | in the seismic amplitude. I need worry about not just features above that |
|
| 111:58 | velocity effects have to worry about differential below that could propagate upwards. |
|
| 112:10 | Um Here's another pitfall. I might a better picture of this. I'll |
|
| 112:17 | at that at lunch time. So I'm looking at some coherence, |
|
| 112:23 | , coherence looks fine. And then gonna, let's see if I have |
|
| 112:28 | compaction. So I've got a little loop here and you can see it's |
|
| 112:36 | ugly. There are a lot of in this survey. OK? Also |
|
| 112:41 | very good signal to noise ratio, there's a lot of channels in this |
|
| 112:45 | , they're all over the place. if I if I like differential compaction |
|
| 112:50 | channel, shouldn't I be able to something pretty in curvature? So here |
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| 112:58 | the horizon slice through coherent. Then put most positive curvature on it and |
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| 113:07 | not really talking to me and then you put most negative curvature on. |
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| 113:16 | and then what I see here's my kind of like when I go fishing |
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| 113:22 | have a bunch of worms and they're on top of each other. I |
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| 113:26 | differential compaction over all those little I can't unravel anything. OK? |
|
| 113:32 | just get a cumulative effect. So curvature falls apart when it gets too |
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| 113:40 | . Oh And here's the most negative , it doesn't work either. |
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| 113:47 | So limitation to curvature in channels I have differential compaction and I'll see these |
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| 113:54 | I can have this would be a filled, this would be sand |
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| 113:59 | OK. I see channels when there's you know, pro gradation in them |
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| 114:05 | , you know, complicated channels. channel I'm not gonna see on curvature |
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| 114:11 | there's no change in reflector orientation through channel and this channel gets too |
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| 114:20 | So the stack channels give you a curvature anomaly that is too difficult to |
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| 114:29 | . Then if I have very thin , let's send a quarter wavelength, |
|
| 114:34 | only gonna have an applicant chain. I'll see him on a soble |
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| 114:38 | I might see him on semblance, I won't see him on Eigen structure |
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| 114:44 | . This channel here, I'll have changes. Uh And I'll have depth |
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| 114:49 | and of course curvature changes here, won't see any changes in curvature because |
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| 114:56 | channels filled, the big channel is with the same hip. OK. |
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| 115:01 | I just had an amplitude change and have a waveform change here. There's |
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| 115:06 | waveform change because it's less than a wavelength. And here I'll see it |
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| 115:14 | . So in terms of fluvial systems general, you're gonna use horizon or |
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| 115:18 | slices rather than time slices to look the Strat gray and geometric attributes, |
|
| 115:25 | decomposition allow us to defend concepts of geomorphology to 3d data volumes. And |
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| 115:33 | that, what we're gonna do is not gonna see without often we're gonna |
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| 115:38 | it through the use of a geologic and understanding of processing. So here's |
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| 115:47 | than half of you are. Geophysics is heavy on laws of physics |
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| 116:02 | by mathematics. There's a lot of , theology is mostly about processing, |
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| 116:15 | how things happen, understanding tectonic understanding rules of deposition. You |
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| 116:26 | like when do we have meandering, do we have straight cha understanding? |
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| 116:33 | If I have a carbonate and I it above steel level, I can |
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| 116:37 | fresh water come into it and dissolve of the calcium carbonate, change it |
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| 116:43 | the dome. I give porosity. uh process of diogenes. So it's |
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| 116:49 | about processes. So you have to at the data, you have put |
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| 116:54 | in the context, pick the right model. OK. So for the |
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| 117:00 | 3D, if you didn't know that was volcanics, that's volcano doesn't look |
|
| 117:10 | different than a lot of uh the guy appears, salt guy appears carbonate |
|
| 117:17 | ups. So how do you, do you put that in the right |
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| 117:21 | in that data set? One of context, contextual features is in |
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| 117:25 | you got these uh igneous cells in data and that's it. Ah Then |
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| 117:32 | other one if you were on a and you'd see the volcano on the |
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| 117:36 | uh of uh the, the north of oh New Zealand. OK. |
|
| 117:42 | in a, we're in an igneous here. I need to worry about |
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| 117:46 | . OK? But you got to things in context and then use |
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| 117:52 | Hey, channels are seen on curvature . If there's differential compaction thin channels |
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| 117:58 | often only exhibit a change in amplitude in waveform. They're often well eliminated |
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| 118:04 | spectral decomposition, amplitude gradients and semblance but may not be illuminated by the |
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| 118:11 | structure coherent and then merge surveys provide broader view of the environmental deposition and |
|
| 118:17 | course improve channel edging. OK? the next one is shelf and shallow |
|
| 118:25 | environment. And here we're talk about channel. So in the north of |
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| 118:34 | , here's the Mont Saint Michel, got a river coming in here and |
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| 118:40 | the tide comes in out, in . So these channels aren't draining the |
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| 118:49 | . They're basically the water is coming and forming these channel channels away from |
|
| 118:55 | beach. OK? Here's an example Oregon who's Bay. So the ocean |
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| 119:03 | here, sea level rises with high and it pumps in. So notice |
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| 119:10 | have a dendritic pattern just like a channel. But what's the difference, |
|
| 119:24 | ? It's the dendritic pattern. What's difference with the dendritic pattern on the |
|
| 119:27 | ? So the land is over here the far right? And I got |
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| 119:32 | bifurcating. OK. Here's the main and then it bifurcates, bifurcates, |
|
| 119:40 | . What's the difference from that? the one let's say for the one |
|
| 119:45 | showed you on the planet Mars. , it's going in the wrong |
|
| 119:53 | OK. Kind of a big OK. So those, that's what |
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| 119:57 | channel, that's how you're gonna differentiate channels from distribution channels. What direction |
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| 120:02 | they going? OK. So towards land. OK. So here are |
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| 120:10 | up in British Columbia on a land , seismic horizon slice coherent slice. |
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| 120:18 | where the slices through the seismic data going we're gonna go animate through this |
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| 120:23 | here. And uh here's the slice just showed you 12 milliseconds deeper 84 |
|
| 120:31 | four minus. Look at the change , in the different channels even as |
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| 120:40 | going less than a seismic wavelength. very good resolution in this data |
|
| 120:49 | There's one from the Taran occupation and may or may not be from a |
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| 120:56 | part of the core or 3D. have to look at it again. |
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| 121:01 | a little animation loop and what uh had done she took 35 45 55 |
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| 121:10 | volume. Then we're gonna animate like of animating, I'm just gonna go |
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| 121:24 | here are mine title channels up And so this is the land in |
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| 121:30 | direction. I got other things going too. Oh, here, here's |
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| 121:37 | shelf edge. So you can see going down deeper into, into the |
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| 121:43 | on the left in my tidal Uh some shallow gas and animals. |
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| 122:02 | ? Yeah. Well, gas, might be the core of a volcano |
|
| 122:07 | I will try to shake. We singing right and also be here as |
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| 122:23 | . So there's your title channel in part of the data. Just do |
|
| 122:31 | again. I think so. no, here's another one down |
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| 122:39 | I got two of them, two . They are more down on this |
|
| 122:48 | . Title channel. Bye. Here's an erosional scarp. Green |
|
| 123:01 | Gulf of Mexico. Oh, I'm gonna ask you this question, but |
|
| 123:06 | , I often have in the Uh What is this guy? Is |
|
| 123:11 | a F so I got 123 OK. So is that a fault |
|
| 123:24 | is it something else where the magenta was born? OK. You think |
|
| 123:37 | a migration problem? OK. OK. Oh You think it's your |
|
| 123:48 | ? OK. Why is it not fault? OK. OK. The |
|
| 123:54 | below it is perfectly flat. A can't get in now. They can |
|
| 124:00 | out soul like the sole of my . Remember the uh beer can |
|
| 124:06 | Uh How'd it go last night? got a hangover. So you did |
|
| 124:09 | , right? The first time? beers. Nobody did 68 beers to |
|
| 124:15 | it right? No. OK. this is going to be an erosional |
|
| 124:22 | . All right. So I've but what Zach said, hey, |
|
| 124:28 | horizon keeps going fine. Oh There be a little velocity pull up or |
|
| 124:31 | down here. But these horizons are and smooth going across. And so |
|
| 124:37 | can't be a fault. It's actually Paleo Mississippi River coming in and taking |
|
| 124:44 | all those sediments. OK. So , that's just erosion, that's |
|
| 124:48 | So we're seeing an erosional scarp All right. And then we're looking |
|
| 124:54 | uh coherence on this image and East amplitude grading on the map is quite |
|
| 125:03 | . Here are uh accreted sediments on shelf in northwest of Australia. So |
|
| 125:12 | a crater, I mean, just up. So think of sand bars |
|
| 125:15 | top of each other on top of other. OK. But these are |
|
| 125:19 | sediments along the shelf just packed And we're looking at three different uh |
|
| 125:26 | components. Then we have sediment This is an example from offshore |
|
| 125:37 | We've got salt up here and I'll you another picture of that in a |
|
| 125:41 | . So we got funny looking things in here and we got funny looking |
|
| 125:46 | down in here here. You see pattern like what the heck is |
|
| 125:52 | what's going on there? So let's look at uh this is K |
|
| 125:56 | So we're gonna look at this one here. OK. What we have |
|
| 126:01 | is root mean squared uh amplitude. . High amplitude by the albion. |
|
| 126:12 | what uh Don app? He's at of uh well, he's at the |
|
| 126:17 | survey in Austin. Well, I two salt coms and the salt coms |
|
| 126:22 | actually above sea level or above the four and then I have wave action |
|
| 126:30 | those of you who took physics in school, probably remember this experiment. |
|
| 126:36 | you do wave tank experiments in high in physics class? So Stephanie, |
|
| 126:44 | never did a wave. You you get something about half of the |
|
| 126:50 | of this table, maybe five centimeters . You fill it with water and |
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| 126:57 | you have a little source called tap, tap, tap, |
|
| 127:01 | send off periodic waves and then you put in uh a mouse pad that |
|
| 127:10 | the depth of the water locally. velocity of the water is uh proportional |
|
| 127:19 | one over the square root of the of the water. OK. Not |
|
| 127:26 | sound waves through the water, but internal gravity waves in the water and |
|
| 127:32 | waves you like go pro you are . So the waves are gonna |
|
| 127:38 | they're gonna be higher amplitude and shorter . The closer you are the short |
|
| 127:47 | , they kind of pile up and , and then they're gonna refract and |
|
| 127:50 | do those kind of experiments. He do that. You would remember it |
|
| 127:56 | you lab mate would probably try to the tank. So you get |
|
| 128:04 | It looks like you peed in your for the rest of the day and |
|
| 128:07 | your other classes. Nobody did Huh? To have it at the |
|
| 128:13 | museum. You've never been to the . Hold on. How come you |
|
| 128:16 | taken your kids to the children's Yeah. Ok. Alright. All |
|
| 128:24 | . You take your Children to the museum, future scientist. Anyhow. |
|
| 128:29 | here's a source, here's a source you get these kind of diffraction |
|
| 128:35 | So, ah source source waves reflecting of them with these patterns. Those |
|
| 128:42 | the patterns that we're seeing in the . Kind of interesting, huh. |
|
| 128:48 | you see these things in seismic The hard part is I've got this |
|
| 128:53 | looking thing. What the heck is ? This is the fun part of |
|
| 128:58 | , right? The fun part just need to go on a field trip |
|
| 129:03 | where I can go snorkeling maybe and wave patterns or sand, uh wave |
|
| 129:09 | in the sand and uh maybe uh know, Turks and Caicos. That's |
|
| 129:14 | good place to go. Kind of . OK. And here's some of |
|
| 129:20 | uh physics des describing how those patterns the waves occur, how they form |
|
| 129:30 | like sand dunes. And here's another , another picture. Same thing I |
|
| 129:35 | what I am booking. OK. progra pro gradation around the Cora Sea |
|
| 129:42 | . So this is the survey you've looking at and here I've got some |
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| 129:49 | forms here and I'm looking at reflector . So where everything is kind of |
|
| 129:55 | a gray color, it means everything , it's just parallel. And then |
|
| 130:02 | my Cora volcano, here's a little , another canyon, probably a little |
|
| 130:08 | piece of the data than you were at, here's one of these turbinates |
|
| 130:13 | seen coming around the Coro Seamount. . And then here's this pro |
|
| 130:23 | So it's building out from the land the deep water, another view of |
|
| 130:32 | same thing. So I have a or no. So um 3d geometric |
|
| 130:40 | , spectral decomposition allow you to extend of geomorphology to 3D data volumes. |
|
| 130:46 | allows you to infer lithology and ferocity the convergence can quantitatively map pinch outs |
|
| 130:52 | gradations, angular and conformity. the last one's deep water systems and |
|
| 131:02 | mass transport complexes don't happen to have form in deep water that turbinates |
|
| 131:11 | So here I have sediments, let's a fan on the shelf and then |
|
| 131:18 | can break off and slide down, can start to slump, fall, |
|
| 131:26 | a debris flow and here's your turbidity , OK. As you go down |
|
| 131:32 | slope. So the pattern you're going see is gonna be very, very |
|
| 131:40 | to a fal pistol. Except now difference is not dense water, respect |
|
| 131:47 | non dense air. It is denser laden, fresh water with respect to |
|
| 131:58 | clean salt water. OK. So still got a different a a density |
|
| 132:04 | for those sentiment, waited, sediment waters that are coming from flood stage |
|
| 132:13 | the Mississippi River or the Magoa River the Amazon, whatever you like *** |
|
| 132:19 | . They are gonna follow the same of physics as they do sub aoli |
|
| 132:24 | . So you get the same kind pattern proximal is gonna be coarser |
|
| 132:30 | finer distal finer still. OK. a better picture of a turbidity |
|
| 132:39 | So up here I got my something slides down. I get these |
|
| 132:43 | blocks moving. This would be a transport complex but it as they gain |
|
| 132:50 | , they can go into the water and form of turbidity to uh |
|
| 132:58 | And there's a fancy name here called Pal Flow. OK? But what |
|
| 133:05 | to God? Everything is in So you get this mud, |
|
| 133:11 | silk cloud. What falls first further away, mid-sized settlement, farther |
|
| 133:22 | . Fine set. OK. So a geology 101 class. What's got |
|
| 133:33 | porosity? Fill this room with fill this room with softball, fill |
|
| 133:40 | room with, got that. Ok. So I've sorted them. |
|
| 134:03 | got sorted course baseball or basketball and golf ball. Which one has more |
|
| 134:15 | ? No, you're right. It just say it does. They all |
|
| 134:18 | the same ferocity. They all have same ferocity. OK. Now, |
|
| 134:23 | I have baseball mixed in with golf and basketball, what can you say |
|
| 134:30 | the ferocity there? OK. I've basketballs and baseballs and golf balls all |
|
| 134:39 | in. Fill in this room. one? What happens to the |
|
| 134:44 | Is it the same? It Ok. So you can fit some |
|
| 134:48 | those softballs in the hole. So basketball you get fit some of the |
|
| 134:52 | balls in the holes between the, softball. So what that means is |
|
| 134:58 | if the sediments are well thwarted, gonna have fac so for these turbinate |
|
| 135:06 | , yeah, the grain size is , more proximal to the source and |
|
| 135:13 | , more distal. But both of have excellent ferocity. OK? And |
|
| 135:19 | what's beautiful about permite. OK. PBS are probably the biggest source of |
|
| 135:29 | water reservoirs in, in the world . OK. And they form the |
|
| 135:36 | kind of patterns. Now, here can see they got slumps here, |
|
| 135:40 | side cracks, et cetera. Here's example from uh Nigeria, not, |
|
| 135:48 | deep water in Nigeria, but maybe or four kilometers deep. And so |
|
| 135:53 | got a far angled amplitude stack and and what Pini Amy said uh |
|
| 136:01 | I've got a canyon like well I've got a pond lobe here, |
|
| 136:07 | my pond lobe, another pond. got a mass transport complex underwater landslide |
|
| 136:15 | here and then sliding down. I've a constrained lobe here. I've got |
|
| 136:23 | avulsion sheet meandering channel. Remember I you that movie. So we, |
|
| 136:29 | then have an analog of a laboratory that we can apply and then narrow |
|
| 136:37 | sands and revulsion etcetera. Let's do decomposition on it. So he's got |
|
| 136:45 | spectral frequencies co rendered same kind of would make beautiful wallpaper and then he |
|
| 136:54 | picking some of them along. So gonna look at, at this guy |
|
| 136:59 | then he's gonna look at this channel and he's gonna paint this channel, |
|
| 137:04 | you'll paint others at different levels. ? You see how they're, there's |
|
| 137:11 | four or five channels on top of other. So let's look at |
|
| 137:14 | let's look at this one. This on the near angle step. There's |
|
| 137:18 | channel, here's a channel, here's channel, here's a channel, there's |
|
| 137:24 | least four of us. So geology . These are multistory channel system or |
|
| 137:39 | channels, multistory uh first floor, floor, third floor, fourth floor |
|
| 137:45 | science and research. That's what they by story. OK. A multistory |
|
| 137:51 | . Hey, wouldn't it be cool they were filled with sand to get |
|
| 137:55 | of those guys at the same OK. That could be cool. |
|
| 138:00 | be fun. Then here's an arbitrary across one of these multistory channels. |
|
| 138:11 | he's got on this one. Here the levy on either side. So |
|
| 138:17 | 11 in my 10, I get in the morning, the raised part |
|
| 138:21 | the system. OK. So at C floor, the channels down here |
|
| 138:27 | the levee is higher elevation around Now, uh I don't know if |
|
| 138:33 | have a picture of this. Will people will call these gull wings |
|
| 138:38 | they look at those gull wings. this is like a, a picture |
|
| 138:43 | Alicia's kids might draw of a you know, and put the little |
|
| 138:46 | shining and picture of a seagull and love mom. Right? World is |
|
| 138:55 | . OK. So they'll call them go because that's kind of pattern. |
|
| 139:00 | ? And that's, uh, they , the levies can be a good |
|
| 139:04 | , but they're definitely one of the elements that allows you to map the |
|
| 139:10 | . Ok. Put it all Here's one offshore Jarque Basin. |
|
| 139:17 | so off of a Newfound. So Eastern Canada and we've got a |
|
| 139:26 | in here. There's the shelf, gonna cut right down through the |
|
| 139:31 | We're gonna look at some of those in this canyon. So here it |
|
| 139:35 | , it's called Hibernia Canyon. And the base, here's a coherence in |
|
| 139:41 | image, the edge of the Some of the architectural elements there are |
|
| 139:47 | marks like KN IC K, like take your knife and you carve the |
|
| 139:54 | of the table. I'm looking at little triangles in it, that kind |
|
| 139:57 | knick mark or uh not here Well, you might see it in |
|
| 140:06 | in some of the low roadways. then there's a flood and you have |
|
| 140:10 | , cutting into the slope where the is, is cut through either a |
|
| 140:16 | or in a valley. And then have these little triangular images going into |
|
| 140:21 | champ. OK? So here they're into the camp, maybe a little |
|
| 140:28 | of the channel flow coming in, through. So you can map these |
|
| 140:32 | seismic data. This one, he they might be gully. So uh |
|
| 140:37 | water coming out and then flowing downhill , some falls, et cetera. |
|
| 140:49 | uh here he's 100 and 28 milliseconds the top of the T one marker |
|
| 140:56 | here's his main channel. So in English, we would call that the |
|
| 141:03 | access. But we like to, know, in geophysics, we tend |
|
| 141:10 | name things after professors and scientists, know, so we got rail waves |
|
| 141:17 | love waves and Young's modulus and all kind of stuff. Um I always |
|
| 141:24 | something named after me, but then students would want to name some kind |
|
| 141:28 | noise after me and say, oh process it and get rid of the |
|
| 141:32 | waves or something like that. I don't want that. Don't want |
|
| 141:35 | . Don't name anything after, but they're gonna use the word twe tau |
|
| 141:41 | German. Ah Tai YC Kal is in German. Is it not? |
|
| 141:53 | answered? She didn't, she's having beer. OK. And veg means |
|
| 141:59 | . Yes. Yeah. OK. that just means channel X, channel |
|
| 142:04 | . And German, a lot of , French word. Why are they |
|
| 142:09 | Decor? Because I am a I am sitting in Switzerland at my |
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| 142:18 | Paris cafe at the ski resort and science is drinking my pa no, |
|
| 142:26 | looking across the valley and there I the Decor move of the mountain and |
|
| 142:34 | gonna use French words to describe I mean, that's where it came |
|
| 142:37 | sitting in the Swiss Alps drinking OK. Um So here's my to |
|
| 142:47 | General axis. So then what he is he went and picked them just |
|
| 142:52 | I showed you the picture from Except now this is uh Canada and |
|
| 142:57 | painted them so you can paint you know, in your interpretation |
|
| 143:01 | So he used Coherence as a guide he painted multi story channels and in |
|
| 143:09 | , these are the wedding. So the levees are on the sides |
|
| 143:13 | the channel and you can see, when there's a, you know, |
|
| 143:17 | storm, maybe it overflows and leaves low deposit and then after the |
|
| 143:25 | it goes back into the channel So that's how those levees build up |
|
| 143:29 | over bank deposits during the channel The red is an older channel and |
|
| 143:36 | yellow is the most recent channel. a couple of words is photographers will |
|
| 143:44 | , well, you want to know way the channel is going. I |
|
| 143:48 | a lot of places you don't know the tectonics were, the continents have |
|
| 143:52 | around. And I mean, we found a new continent in the last |
|
| 143:56 | or three weeks. I don't know you get this on your, your |
|
| 144:00 | feed. I I get asteroids are take me out. I should kiss |
|
| 144:05 | butt. Goodbye. You know, another asteroid coming in a couple of |
|
| 144:09 | and we find a new continent. there's a new continent that would part |
|
| 144:14 | Western Australia. And now they found parts in Indonesia, Japan and, |
|
| 144:31 | um uh assam, the assam part India. So, oh, they |
|
| 144:37 | this. So they were able to , well, hold on when I |
|
| 144:40 | all the continents together, there's this missing piece. What happened and they |
|
| 144:43 | a name for it, but they never find it. They just found |
|
| 144:46 | like three. They just published They found it three weeks ago. |
|
| 144:50 | kind of kind of cool. All . So, um here the sweet |
|
| 144:59 | from stage to stage. This is word we'll use in stratigraphy again, |
|
| 145:06 | know, in one stage, I'm filling my channel like the red |
|
| 145:10 | channel in Oklahoma. We got stage . Stage one, I fill it |
|
| 145:14 | gravel. Stage two with sand, three with coal. Stage four, |
|
| 145:21 | little bit of clay and sand. five, all shale. So the |
|
| 145:26 | stages in the channel can be filled different things. OK? And uh |
|
| 145:32 | there's most, if you go from most recent channel to the one below |
|
| 145:36 | that's distant is the sweep. So stage to stage, how far downstream |
|
| 145:42 | it go? Now? Right you can only cut the cut |
|
| 145:48 | That means I know which direction that is going. So as I go |
|
| 145:53 | in time, I'm going downstream on cut back. OK. So the |
|
| 146:01 | of that suite is a measurement that us tell that. Then there's something |
|
| 146:08 | the swing. How far do we side to side? So we're defining |
|
| 146:13 | morphology of these meandering channels. And if I go measure with a little |
|
| 146:23 | measuring tool, you know, little kind of tool down there, and |
|
| 146:29 | I take the ratio of the orange to the green straight line distance that |
|
| 146:36 | me the tortuosity. So that's another measure. And the tortuosity says, |
|
| 146:43 | , if the tortuosity is one and have a perfectly straight channel, uh |
|
| 146:49 | gonna be coarser grain, more sand , faster sediment transport, steep |
|
| 146:56 | If the tortuosity is really, really , then the sediment uh fluid flow |
|
| 147:07 | gonna be a lot slower. I'm be finer green, even shale F |
|
| 147:16 | . So here he went through when picked these guys, uh you |
|
| 147:19 | phase one, phase two, phase . And here's how deep he was |
|
| 147:24 | his pick Hibernia canyon top. And said, wow, look at |
|
| 147:28 | It looks like a bunch of spaghetti put together. Well, now your |
|
| 147:35 | as a development engineer is to figure a reservoir engineer is to figure out |
|
| 147:42 | , or is any of those like the orange channel? Is that a |
|
| 147:46 | fill channel? I mean, you to find that out. Those could |
|
| 147:49 | baffles. Ideally, you'd like to d sandbars are, you know, |
|
| 148:01 | bars. That would be great. you wanna put this plumbing together. |
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| 148:06 | this is what the engineers and the do together when in the reservoir |
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| 148:13 | try to figure out what sub warming going to be. Here's one, |
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| 148:18 | Canterbury Basin. So in New east side of the South Island of |
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| 148:22 | Zealand, we got a time slice and then I think we're going to |
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| 148:26 | a horizon slice as well. this is horizon threat here and you |
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| 148:32 | kind of see things in the but ah let's use three attributes |
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| 148:40 | peak spectral frequency, peak, spectral and soul filter. And now here's |
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| 148:46 | channel coming through here, other turbid through there and another Turbid coming through |
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| 148:52 | . And then here are three different put together the curved, this reflector |
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| 148:58 | . So the ones that are kind cyan colored, those are the valleys |
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| 149:04 | ? And then here is coherent energy GLC M homogeneity and then I can |
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| 149:11 | them together here. I've got reflective as aute reflective magnitude coherence and make |
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| 149:17 | little movie with here. You can , oh, there's definitely in size |
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| 149:21 | right there, right? And uh there, there's a little Turbid |
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| 149:33 | That's this one, there's this Turbid down here or coming down here and |
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| 149:45 | of the little ones coming over this , they kind of stand out, |
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| 149:56 | map a lot of stuff. There's term, an AI basin not far |
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| 150:01 | the Cora survey. Uh We've got positive curvature, negative curvature and |
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| 150:07 | So there's actually this, this turns to be a reverse fault here. |
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| 150:12 | reverse fault. And then uh out in kind of gray, you can |
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| 150:18 | some channels. I think I got movie room here too. I was |
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| 150:23 | way, let's do it this A little turbide channel coming out |
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| 150:41 | Hermite and then the whole thing associated well, right? Lots of Turbin |
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| 150:58 | Delaware Basin. So near El West Texas. Um Actually, it's |
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| 151:08 | New Mexico, but just across the here, we can pick this |
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| 151:16 | Here's a carbonate platform over vacuum New Mexico. And I'm gonna look |
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| 151:20 | this perpendicular line. OK? The beg I can pick and then this |
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| 151:28 | , it looks like I can pick in the in line. But in |
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| 151:31 | cross line, there's nothing to Here's the outcrop analog. This is |
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| 151:42 | Capitan at the Guadalupe National Park. ? You been there for carbonate field |
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| 151:48 | yet? OK. Good place to for a carbon field. Go this |
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| 151:56 | of year. Don't go in Well, cool off this time of |
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| 152:00 | is good. In fact, if got now you guys don't have a |
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| 152:05 | or an accelerated mas. If you a normal student, I say, |
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| 152:09 | , Thanksgiving, you know, you know, international, great place |
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| 152:13 | go in the Thanksgiving time. Uh hike all the way up to the |
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| 152:19 | . So uh this is the carbonate and then these are slum features uh |
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| 152:25 | , in between there's sand filled slum and called upper brushing canyon. Uh |
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| 152:30 | Creek formation. Those are nice So we're gonna slice down from the |
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| 152:37 | bird. Here's the carbonate platform and on the slope, we see all |
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| 152:42 | little channels on this amplitude gradient going to right. And you can see |
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| 152:47 | , they meander a bit, they . These are the targets, the |
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| 152:53 | amplitude little channel features that you can't pick, but you can visualize them |
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| 152:59 | nicely. Um I guess I got uh frequency Taranaki Basin. I have |
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| 153:15 | think of what survey this is and start to sing song up here. |
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| 153:26 | see some channels coming out here. don't have any coherence on this or |
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| 153:33 | night. You can see how they in quite nicely, very, |
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| 153:45 | very clearly. So these are just slices. So the uh let me |
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| 153:51 | you that they see channels really, clearly. So in general, you |
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| 154:00 | to use horizon or straddle slices rather time slices to luminate photography, geometric |
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| 154:07 | spectral decomposition allows you to extend concepts geomorphology to 3D data volume. And |
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| 154:12 | allows you to infer all the veracity then uh thin channels only exhibit the |
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| 154:19 | in app it's not wasted. you know, one app you, |
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| 154:22 | can't get by with one attribute usually multiple. Ok. Lunchtime. |
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| 154:37 | What do you see and see? ? What would your kids see? |
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| 154:57 | lunchtime? Right. Oh, it's little early for lunchtime. Well, |
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| 155:02 | go over, what, 12 o'clock . Yeah, we'll go over at |
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| 155:06 | for whatever you like. You don't to listen to me anymore. Joining |
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| 160:03 | now on the phone is Don Oh, I got to scroll |
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| 160:29 | Oh, there it is. Produce from a reservoir. It draws down |
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| 160:35 | pressure and that's a natural process that on. And because this well has |
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| 160:39 | flowing for a long period of what you see from that is that |
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| 160:44 | of the pressure gets drawn down and takes a while for the pressure to |
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| 160:48 | rebuild back up because the pressure that's in a well comes from long distances |
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| 160:53 | from the well borne. It takes while for the fluids to migrate through |
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| 160:58 | reservoir and build the pressure back And that's why it's building back up |
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| 161:02 | . That's a good indication. The possibility of that pressure is that there |
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| 161:06 | a leak in the subsurface somewhere in vicinity just below the 18 inch |
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| 161:12 | the 18 inch liner that they have the well, and that's around 89 |
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| 161:18 | ft, somewhere around 8990 ft in well. And that's associated with the |
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| 161:25 | . That's the pressure that you would if there was a leak about that |
|
| 161:29 | . Do you think there's a if there was a leak, they |
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| 161:34 | be able to see it in One reason for extending the test is |
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| 161:38 | allow that leak to show itself better in the seismic and that may be |
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| 161:44 | they've left the cap on as long they have. Anyhow, you can |
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| 161:49 | he's, he, he was interviewed lot. I thought she'd find that |
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| 161:53 | . So ask him to tell you it. It was, it was |
|
| 161:57 | of cool. Yeah. So, know, here in the Department of |
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| 162:01 | knows the politics here, you in universities, they say the knives |
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| 162:07 | so sharp because the prize is so . OK. So you think, |
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| 162:13 | , everybody gets a, well, are people high on the totem |
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| 162:16 | people low on the totem pole and one don was high on the total |
|
| 162:21 | . So I asked him to talk it. There's, there's a bunch |
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| 162:25 | it. I'm gonna look up something . What else was I gonna look |
|
| 162:36 | ? I can't remember. Yes, . It probably one we had at |
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| 162:53 | very end of the variant section, programmed everything that maude and then of |
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| 163:01 | variant. But then that's what you here. Its like. Yeah, |
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| 163:04 | I mean, we can just refer vii I if you look at, |
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| 163:14 | so rendered. It's like a lot blurry. It's not super clear. |
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| 163:18 | , but it's also telling you, , what's the local dip and |
|
| 163:21 | So it kind of puts it in on that. That's all, that's |
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| 163:24 | only reason. Now if you're looking for the edges, the variance by |
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| 163:29 | is gonna be fine. Well, guess uh the p for a time |
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| 163:36 | like 59. So I'm just, type of, well, this one's |
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| 163:47 | . The, the one you had the colors on it is good because |
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| 163:50 | think I want you to blend them stuff like that. Look at them |
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| 163:52 | at the same time. Yes, . Ok. Ok. So you're |
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| 164:13 | , oh, you're picking the second ? Ok. Which, OK. |
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| 164:16 | your first horizon? Ok. Oh, you changed it to blue |
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| 164:22 | you can see it. Ok. good. That's good. I'm all |
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| 164:25 | with that. And now, and your, where's your second horizon gonna |
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| 164:32 | ? Have you started? Is this second horizon you're showing or no? |
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| 164:37 | . And the first one was Yes. The 101 is in |
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| 164:43 | ok. Are you one of those who call me against the purpose? |
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| 164:59 | , yeah, it's OK. It be, I can see that. |
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| 165:11 | . And, um, yeah, a cultural thing and it has to |
|
| 165:15 | with kind of what kind of crayons use as a kid. That's |
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| 165:23 | And some people will call well, a computer when you buy the, |
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| 165:28 | cartridge, they'll call that an but a lot of people call it |
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| 165:34 | . And to me, purple is that's purple. But that's like a |
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| 165:40 | thing. Like, I don't know people start calling that purple. And |
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| 165:44 | do they call this then? Ok. Ok. But that's |
|
| 165:49 | Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Um, so that yellow one's fine |
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| 165:54 | you don't see it on the other ? That's your headache, right? |
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| 165:58 | . That's cool. I'm all right that. Maybe it doesn't matter |
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| 166:00 | why don't you try to go Oh, out here you could |
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| 166:05 | right? Yeah, you kinda got . Ok, let's go on the |
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| 166:11 | and jump way over there. Go in a bit. There's one of |
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| 166:16 | little guys again. Ok. Now you can pick that guy and |
|
| 166:26 | , it's kind of broken over It's a tough one to pick um |
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| 166:33 | wanna make life easier trying to pick guy up here, I mean way |
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| 166:40 | away but it's gonna be easier. . Yeah. And then you'll be |
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| 166:46 | , I think it's gonna work, gonna be, it's gonna show you |
|
| 166:51 | different. Let's see. Where does go? If mm they want to |
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| 166:58 | another horizon call the green and so know Paula maybe first of all zoom |
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| 167:22 | vertically to change the vertical scale on job. Um you can change the |
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| 167:29 | ratio and one of those controls. oh that one and then where it |
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| 167:46 | five, see the details. He uh 15. All right. Now |
|
| 167:54 | can see it. Ok. And go up, up to where it |
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| 167:59 | easier to see. Ok, and worth it more. Ok. Pick |
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| 168:11 | guy, the one that blew. . Ok. Pick in the |
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| 168:15 | That's cool. Go do it. , that's fine. That's fine. |
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| 168:19 | . Yeah, you're picking the which is what the fee and the |
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| 168:23 | that draw for. That's fine. thinking the blue part is going to |
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| 168:29 | strong, but then you have to the polarity of your pick. Go |
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| 168:36 | click the green thing, the green and then you go under. Thank |
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| 168:45 | . Yeah, they'll make it The balloon is going to be a |
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| 168:51 | now go this guy it's blue. , you can't do auto pit. |
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| 169:06 | . Erase that, erase, erase . Ok. Now go back and |
|
| 169:15 | it again through the semi auto, the three day, but the two |
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| 169:23 | one there, they could be two to the right now. Put |
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| 169:37 | mouth. Ok. You can go here. Bye. Oh, it |
|
| 169:52 | of. Ok. And I get part, that part. Yeah. |
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| 170:07 | . Ok. I'll get a front . Ok. So, ok, |
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| 170:17 | much of that is and we don't what to do. Ok, so |
|
| 170:30 | fine. So then get another cross will be at this level and football |
|
| 170:51 | . I feel a little more. . Ok. I'll take that, |
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| 170:57 | you pick that. You can get up on top. Yeah, it'll |
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| 171:15 | in the morning. No, it be. Yeah, I would say |
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| 171:29 | ok. Wouldn't put anything in I just jump across. It's called |
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| 171:35 | correlate. Yeah. And the who knows what's going on? You |
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| 171:46 | to go around with probably down. , yeah, I would say to |
|
| 171:59 | . Yeah, that go go put . Oh I know they're doing |
|
| 172:18 | So can't go anymore. OK. good enough. I think that that |
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| 172:29 | be some. Um So this will much faster. You agree? |
|
| 172:39 | Yeah. The data you're, you're top of the volcano but you got |
|
| 172:48 | lot of uh awful too. So picked the second horizon or are you |
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| 172:59 | with the second horizon? It was difficult. Yeah. So you |
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| 173:06 | if you're, are you frustrated Anthony the second horizon? Gotta pick. |
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| 173:15 | . On a cotton. OK. . So you know, if you're |
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| 173:22 | stuck on the second horizon and you're , go pick something shower or that |
|
| 173:31 | easy to pick, but let's get done. OK? No reason to |
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| 173:36 | more. OK. And what I you to concept, I want you |
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| 173:42 | learn it is like what's a proportional a straddle slide? What the Phantom |
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| 173:49 | slide now are the straddle slices gonna good if you're like 500 or 700 |
|
| 173:55 | apart. No, they're not they're not gonna work. There's too |
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| 173:59 | geology in between. So you to a good straddle slice. You wanna |
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| 174:03 | kind of the top of the, big formation and the base, but |
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| 174:09 | get through it mechanically. Ok? don't want you to die. |
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| 174:14 | For Carlos to die. He's, experienced the dying. He's been dying |
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| 174:18 | times. By the way, you to give him a round for being |
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| 174:23 | user help here. Yeah. it's good. It's good. And |
|
| 174:28 | tell you when he explains to he learns just as much as you |
|
| 174:32 | because you try to say oh because being able to do something and |
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| 174:37 | able to explain it very, very like you're saying, oh, I'm |
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| 174:42 | and he's thinking and the same, thinking some word in Spanish or |
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| 174:46 | you know, I'm picking this Let's say a wormy thing. |
|
| 174:50 | OK. Now how does he describe you what wormy thing is? Uh |
|
| 174:55 | there are, there's moth eaten horizon then you have to say Marty |
|
| 175:00 | they know or Marty the idea because a moth and the other is a |
|
| 175:04 | , you know. Oh OK. . 00, you found a |
|
| 175:17 | Are you there, Jessica? I here. Can you hear me over |
|
| 175:27 | ? OK. Meeting recorded. Got . Oh OK. So show me |
|
| 175:39 | , ma'am. OK. So my is I'm working on lab. |
|
| 175:48 | I'm sharing my screen. Um And working on putting in my um surface |
|
| 175:58 | when I try to do that, get this error boundary is not |
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| 176:04 | OK. So you have to find boundary. What's your boundary that you're |
|
| 176:10 | ? I say, I think it's let me try to move this out |
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| 176:14 | the way. I don't know if can get underneath it because of all |
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| 176:18 | the things. Um I'm just gonna it. I think it's because I'm |
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| 176:27 | this little section of data on my , but I don't know why I'm |
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| 176:31 | it. No, but that's not boundary is the edge that you put |
|
| 176:36 | I think. OK? So when pick the four, it says, |
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| 176:43 | why don't you um I to re the boundary? OK. Oh That's |
|
| 176:55 | you called it. OK. So mean it, it's closed. Is |
|
| 177:00 | not? I mean, I, guess not. OK. I, |
|
| 177:10 | guess not. OK. So why you just re pick it? |
|
| 177:19 | Can, can I say something? , I hear you. I uh |
|
| 177:26 | repeating, you can open settings and to polygon operations and close it. |
|
| 177:31 | you double click there, go to and you go to operations and there |
|
| 177:42 | polygon operations and you go to clos polygons, choose that one and run |
|
| 177:54 | then you can, it should be now. And also I, I |
|
| 177:59 | another comment that I want to I think it's not, well, |
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| 178:02 | it's for the exercise, but it's necessary to make the polygon. |
|
| 178:07 | Because the extent of the survey is , it's the same as the Polygon |
|
| 178:13 | that you're correct. And let's see she gets further. Now you will |
|
| 178:19 | a polygon in the center to exclude . So that's good to know how |
|
| 178:25 | close that. Ok, let's see you can make this work and then |
|
| 178:31 | change this to 25 five. And think that was good. Yeah, |
|
| 178:47 | . So, I don't know. mean, this is right up |
|
| 178:55 | right? The Magenta Horizon and then survey limits. So what's the use |
|
| 179:00 | inside boundary only though that probably won't winning. Mhm But also if |
|
| 179:09 | if you remove the boundary because the of the boundary is the same of |
|
| 179:13 | survey, you could still have create the surface. OK? |
|
| 179:24 | you just need to click on the limits and uh there. Yes. |
|
| 179:31 | delete with the, with the Delete. Oh It won't let me |
|
| 179:38 | rid of it. But you just the delete key on your keyboard. |
|
| 179:46 | don't know if I don't think I a, I do. Oh, |
|
| 179:51 | , wow. Oh, that time did something. She was right. |
|
| 180:02 | uh But its extent is the square . Yeah. But now it's all |
|
| 180:09 | . No, it's not funky. just, yeah, it's garbage. |
|
| 180:13 | , um you could read, pick , pick your polygon. I'm surprised |
|
| 180:20 | that. I don't know why you're gone by just as funny. I |
|
| 180:30 | , I mean, it looks like , yeah, and it looks like |
|
| 180:37 | , it's closed. You can also if you go right, click on |
|
| 180:46 | , on your polygon and there's a . Go there one. Not that |
|
| 180:56 | . Yes. Yes. That So you have two polygons. That's |
|
| 181:02 | if you remove the last two rows you have somehow uh open polygon, |
|
| 181:09 | polygon there that you pick, just it in. How do I delete |
|
| 181:14 | ? Just select that and go to above the X, the red X |
|
| 181:21 | the, that one. Yes. then select the other one. Yes |
|
| 181:29 | just click. Ok. You should ok at the bottom, right? |
|
| 181:38 | I don't know. I don't think . Let me make this window |
|
| 181:42 | Ok. So now you gotta save . Ah, fairness. Ok. |
|
| 181:50 | let's try this again. Uh Let go back over here and let me |
|
| 181:54 | this again. Oh, but see I have this little red arrow over |
|
| 182:01 | . Did I always have that? delete that as well? This? |
|
| 182:08 | . Oh. Oh, it, can put no. Yes or it |
|
| 182:21 | to get some game. And is then here? I don't know about |
|
| 182:34 | guys, but I'm having a great . Hm. Boy beset. You |
|
| 182:52 | detective skills. I am impressed. I W-4 2. So that's why |
|
| 183:01 | , oh, amazing. The Like we went around, she had |
|
| 183:06 | six sided square. Yeah, like or seven. I don't, I |
|
| 183:11 | know how it's fine. I appreciate . Thank you so much. You |
|
| 183:17 | hear me? So you clearly haven't . Uh Horizon number two? |
|
| 183:23 | Yeah. So you're going to uh, like I was talking to |
|
| 183:28 | here, especially since you have slow . We're running out of time, |
|
| 183:36 | intersection where you have very continuous That's easy to pick. Ok. |
|
| 183:46 | go pick that guy. There'll be faulting, but easier to pick, |
|
| 183:51 | be pretty clear what they are. pick, pick a strong one and |
|
| 183:54 | through with the day and finish picking second horizon in an hour. |
|
| 184:01 | Ok. And now if you want do a straddle slice, uh, |
|
| 184:05 | know, a proportional size between two , we want them to be kind |
|
| 184:11 | near each other in geologic time. , you know, like the top |
|
| 184:15 | the order vision and the base of order vision, something like that. |
|
| 184:19 | here for this exercise, I want to get comfortable with. Ok. |
|
| 184:25 | is a straddle size doing? You , what's it, what's it |
|
| 184:29 | What, what, how are you it? Uh And so I want |
|
| 184:34 | to learn what it is by You already had a test question on |
|
| 184:37 | . But, uh, let's get second horizon picked the day so that |
|
| 184:44 | through that part of the exercise? . Ok. So uh also a |
|
| 184:50 | for me, I am also in lab six. So in which lab |
|
| 184:55 | we supposed to pick the second horizon this one? Next one? I |
|
| 185:08 | hear you love seven. Ok. . So just to pick an easy |
|
| 185:15 | , right? That's the tip. , thanks. Yeah, so |
|
| 185:25 | Um We can't hear you. I might fell on the board. |
|
| 185:49 | you. OK. Hello. So , in we can. Yeah, |
|
| 185:58 | sorry. I was, I was on the microphone, uh the on |
|
| 186:04 | seven. Pick something that's shower and because when you're remote, you don't |
|
| 186:11 | that instant response with the mouse and , it's really tedious to pick and |
|
| 186:19 | and so forth. So let's, make life easier for that. Uh |
|
| 186:22 | seven and pick an, pick an reflector. Uh you know, four |
|
| 186:27 | 500 milliseconds above the magenta one you . OK. OK. Thanks. |
|
| 186:39 | , there problem with the what she with her polygon. Let us look |
|
| 186:43 | the polygon. Uh You can look it and OK. Yeah, that's |
|
| 186:57 | good one. Yep. There's nothing with that. Her problem is her |
|
| 187:07 | polygon. She had, she didn't four sides. She picked this, |
|
| 187:13 | , this and then went around two . Yeah. Yeah. So it |
|
| 187:17 | like it was four sides, but was actually she picked two sides twice |
|
| 187:23 | . You can imagine. I can doing that. That was her |
|
| 187:28 | Ok. And have you done lab yet? Yeah, you've done? |
|
| 187:33 | . Good. Ok. Oh. , hang on, let me |
|
