| 00:03 | Alright, y'all. So welcome back spring break. Did anyone have fun |
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| 00:09 | did you all work? You wanna fun? No one had fun. |
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| 00:14 | head is good for you, shame the rest of y'all we give you |
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| 00:20 | week to go out and be crazy have fun. And what do you |
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| 00:23 | ? I'm gonna stay at home. gonna sleep in. No. You're |
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| 00:26 | to come back even more tired. . No one made any road trips |
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| 00:32 | Mexico. Just like on a Yeah, youth is wasted on the |
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| 00:46 | . All right, let's see what got going on here. There we |
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| 00:53 | . Alright, so um when we , which was like a week |
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| 00:58 | a long time ago, Do you know what we're talking about? One |
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| 01:02 | talking about this muscles. Yeah, talking about this right here. So |
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| 01:06 | is a repeat here. Just to you of what we're talking about. |
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| 01:10 | looking at a muscle fiber and we're the question how does a contraction take |
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| 01:14 | ? And we said, look, start with the action potential number |
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| 01:17 | that acts potential cause the release of from the axon terminal. That calcium |
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| 01:24 | Sorry, calcium goes into the action . Maybe we should just start |
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| 01:29 | Good morning class. Alright, so we are at the axon terminal acts |
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| 01:34 | travels down the the axon terminal down the axon terminal opens up calcium |
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| 01:39 | Calcium flows into the axon terminal causes movement of the vesicles to the synaptic |
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| 01:47 | for the motor in plate. The released into the motor in plate so |
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| 01:52 | , everything should be good that causes opening of channels in the muscle |
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| 01:58 | which then results in accidents that travels the length of the muscle, down |
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| 02:02 | the T tubules, which stimulates I I have it on the next slide |
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| 02:07 | I just moved to the slides, stimulates the opening of channels that allows |
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| 02:13 | to flow out of the cytoplasmic particular into the cell. And then that |
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| 02:19 | binds to troponin, which causes the of Triple my Son out of the |
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| 02:23 | , which allows academics and move which gives you that contraction. |
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| 02:28 | So the reason I went through all this one is kind of shaking up |
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| 02:31 | wake you up. Right. But two is to help us understand when |
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| 02:35 | create a contraction, that's all the of an action potential. So as |
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| 02:40 | I'm sending signals to a muscle that's cause a contraction and it stays in |
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| 02:44 | contracted state, I have to have way to make that muscle relax |
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| 02:50 | And so how do I get it relax? And that was what the |
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| 02:52 | light is, what we're talking And what we left off at was |
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| 02:56 | . And simply simply put if I sending action potentials, then all those |
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| 03:04 | that we described ceased to happen. when those steps ceased to happen, |
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| 03:09 | that's going to allow for the relaxation the muscle. Now, clearly, |
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| 03:14 | key thing in all of this is being released from the psycho plasma |
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| 03:18 | Um As long as I have calcium the cytoplasm, my muscles going to |
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| 03:22 | in the contracted state right? Because just creates that condition to allow for |
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| 03:26 | mice and the action to come So what we have to do is |
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| 03:30 | really have to get rid of that . So when I stopped sending action |
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| 03:33 | , all those states occur where you close the gates to that psycho plasma |
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| 03:39 | . Um But you still have calcium , so you need pumps to move |
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| 03:42 | pumps or to move the calcium back the sarko Plaza in particular. And |
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| 03:46 | that's what we have. We have . Alright. The pump is dependent |
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| 03:51 | A T. P. Well, now there's 80 P. Again remember |
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| 03:54 | said a teepee doesn't cause a It allows you to break the bonds |
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| 03:57 | that you can sustain a contraction. ? And then so here again, |
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| 04:02 | a teepee again, being important, necessary because you have to have energy |
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| 04:07 | power the pumps. And so that's we have. And these pumps are |
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| 04:11 | circuit pumps. You don't need to the name. Alright, I'm not |
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| 04:14 | ask you but why are they called pumps? Smooth endo plasmid particular calcium |
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| 04:19 | . That's where the name comes so circus. Alright, so what |
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| 04:24 | do is they pump the calcium back no calcium available, that means you're |
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| 04:28 | longer binding up troponin, no troponin bound up. There's no internet or |
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| 04:33 | or interaction between mice and and And so because that happens, that |
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| 04:37 | the muscle goes back into that state relaxation, it returns back to its |
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| 04:42 | state. All right now, if recall we had proteins that were part |
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| 04:48 | the um sarcoma here, right? allowed us to spring back into its |
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| 04:53 | position. And so that's why you back to those original positions. So |
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| 04:58 | relaxation simply is the removal of an potential. So if you have no |
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| 05:03 | potentials here that means you have no potentials here. So that means the |
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| 05:06 | which are always active and always turned are going to be able to overcome |
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| 05:14 | calcium. That's in the cytoplasm. I don't know how many of you |
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| 05:17 | hear way back there. The conversation having here at the beginning of |
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| 05:20 | Alright. I went to school in Orleans during one of my finals weeks |
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| 05:25 | one of my finals I think it my junior year. I can't remember |
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| 05:28 | um It rained so hard like it this morning that the water in the |
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| 05:35 | got up to about this deep. ? And so I had to wait |
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| 05:39 | a final with the water up to mid thigh right? And it's not |
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| 05:43 | in new Orleans. Alright. New in the bathtub and they have in |
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| 05:49 | city, a system of pumps that always turned on to pump the water |
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| 05:55 | . Otherwise there'd be water in the of New Orleans all the time. |
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| 05:58 | what failed during Katrina. Were those . That's what circles like their pumps |
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| 06:05 | are always turned on and they're always calcium up. Just which way is |
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| 06:10 | calcium flowing flowing out faster? Is being pumped in faster? Is the |
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| 06:14 | that really goes on. So when is taking place, when there's no |
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| 06:19 | potentials, the pumps in our faster the flow of calcium out. |
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| 06:25 | obviously a teepee is essential for muscle . Alright. We saw it in |
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| 06:31 | of breaking the cross bridge. We've it here with circa. Alright, |
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| 06:35 | eight Ep is important. You need have energy in order for the muscles |
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| 06:39 | contract. But it's not the reason the contraction, calcium is the reason |
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| 06:42 | the contraction. Alright, so the is is that a T. |
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| 06:48 | Needs to be stored up in It's not just carried it anywhere and |
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| 06:53 | . You make it in the cell you have a finite storage. |
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| 06:57 | It's like putting things into your There's only so much space in the |
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| 07:02 | . All right. And so we a couple of different systems that ensures |
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| 07:06 | we have enough a TP to actually the muscles to do stuff. And |
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| 07:10 | when you run out of the T. P. Rather than your |
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| 07:13 | shutting down and dying before you get that point. You have a system |
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| 07:18 | causes what is what we call fatigue basically says stop doing what you're |
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| 07:22 | You can't do anymore because there's no energy going to be available to you |
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| 07:26 | . Alright. But really what we is we have three systems in |
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| 07:30 | We have immediate response or an immediate . This is the foster jin |
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| 07:36 | You know, you can think of like when you go into your |
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| 07:39 | you have granola bars to snack When you're hungry. You don't have |
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| 07:41 | do anything. It's just there. ? You have short term supplies. |
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| 07:48 | ? So here the short short term when you have to do something. |
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| 07:52 | maybe that's like microwave, macaroni and . I don't know. You |
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| 07:56 | I have to work real hard. you do have to wait a little |
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| 07:58 | for it to happen. All And then the third is the long |
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| 08:01 | supplies. This is when you go the fridge and you're like, |
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| 08:03 | I'm making an actual meal and there's be multiple steps and it does take |
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| 08:07 | it's gonna take me more than 30 to get there. All right. |
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| 08:10 | , when you think of these think in terms of how quick can |
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| 08:13 | get the energy available for the muscles use. So the immediate is what |
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| 08:17 | referred to as a foster region. can see here they're kind of broken |
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| 08:21 | here. Uh This would be the term and then this is kind of |
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| 08:25 | or sorry, this is the immediate . That would be the short |
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| 08:27 | This is the long term. And pictures are not in the least bit |
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| 08:32 | . But hopefully I can try to you through them to understand what they |
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| 08:36 | . All right. So the phosphate system actually is a is a multitude |
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| 08:40 | different sort of biochemical reactions that can place. The easy one is this |
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| 08:45 | . Look it says as long as Tps around I can use it. |
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| 08:48 | can break it. And I get ADP and my inorganic phosphate. You're |
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| 08:52 | see in the slide here. This that looks like pie. It's really |
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| 08:55 | I just at some point when I it over, it took the subscript |
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| 08:59 | lifted up. So it looks like . It's inorganic phosphate for T. |
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| 09:03 | the subscript. I. Alright, whenever you break A T. |
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| 09:06 | So, you can imagine I'm just make up a number. Let's say |
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| 09:09 | a cell can hold 100 80 All right. So, when we're |
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| 09:13 | that, that's what we're referring to that in that cell there's this finite |
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| 09:18 | of a teepee that you can use that muscle cell fiber. Alright, |
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| 09:23 | that's the immediate use these are stored energy that gives you about 5-6 seconds |
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| 09:27 | energy. So you can already see this can be problematic if this is |
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| 09:32 | you're reliant on right Now. What can do is once you break the |
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| 09:38 | you're gonna have a teepee. I'm just gonna make you call back |
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| 09:42 | when we talked about 80 p. the beginning of the semester when we |
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| 09:46 | at these nucleotides and really understanding that we're looking at here is a sugar |
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| 09:50 | with this nitrogenous base with a series phosphates. So when you see a |
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| 09:55 | , that's three phosphates, right tees try when you see d that's di |
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| 10:00 | two phosphates. And when you see that's one mono. All right. |
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| 10:04 | , you're just thinking of this as tale of phosphates. So, what |
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| 10:06 | done is I've cleaved off the last . So now I have to. |
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| 10:10 | what I can do is I can have these two phosphates and I can |
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| 10:14 | on a phosphate again and make a . Or I can take off another |
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| 10:17 | and make A and P. And what the Maya keen system does. |
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| 10:21 | cockiness is an enzyme and it look, I need a T. |
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| 10:25 | . I've got this ADP sitting I got lots of it now because |
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| 10:29 | broken the whole bunch up and I really have time to go back and |
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| 10:34 | another inorganic phosphate and and add it the ADP to make the A. |
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| 10:38 | . P. Instead. What I'm do is I'm gonna take two of |
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| 10:39 | 80 ps. I'm gonna bring them . I'm gonna take off one of |
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| 10:42 | phosphates here and then I added on the to the ADP over there to |
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| 10:46 | the A. T. P. so what I'm left with is a |
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| 10:50 | . The one with just one Alright, so this is kind of |
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| 10:54 | like oh well you know rather than the time to actually go back and |
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| 10:58 | the reverse of this, I'm just to just make some hp as quick |
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| 11:02 | I can. Which means now we more work to do in the long |
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| 11:05 | but at least I got two seconds energy out of that. Alright, |
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| 11:09 | away from the tiger. I'm not to die. I get extra two |
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| 11:13 | . All right. But that's still very efficient. So the most efficient |
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| 11:19 | that we can do this is if can store up extra A. |
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| 11:21 | P. The problem is we don't finite space. Right? We we |
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| 11:25 | we said there's only making it the again like 180 p. But we |
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| 11:30 | this other molecule called creatine. Not creating Korea. People creatine can |
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| 11:36 | phosphor elated and serve as a storage energy and so I'm just gonna make |
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| 11:40 | a number again. Let's just say 100 creatine inside the cell. And |
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| 11:45 | what I can do is you can that there's a balance between a teepee |
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| 11:49 | creatinine if I have created and I 100 80 P. I can transfer |
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| 11:54 | phosphate from a TP to make creatine . So I can make 100 creatine |
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| 11:59 | . And then I have this ADP I can then reload with phosphates and |
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| 12:02 | I have 100 80 ps. So I have 180 p. 100 creating |
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| 12:08 | . And each of those creatine phosphate basically stored right? Because I can |
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| 12:13 | the reverse equation here. I can creatine phosphate and ADP and make a |
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| 12:19 | again. Did I say that I think I said ADP twice. |
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| 12:23 | like creatine phosphate released the phosphate from added to the A. D. |
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| 12:28 | . And make a teepee. So I had 100 of 80 P. |
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| 12:32 | can burn through those. But then can take the product that a. |
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| 12:35 | . P. Up here and I take the creatine phosphate. And with |
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| 12:39 | right enzyme I can make more 80 . So I can effectively have a |
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| 12:43 | pool of 80 P readily available very quickly. This provides about 10 - |
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| 12:49 | seconds. So you can think about you're sprinting, right, what are |
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| 12:54 | gonna do? You're gonna burn through first available 80 P. You're probably |
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| 12:58 | burn through that and then you're gonna down to this where it's like okay |
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| 13:01 | desperate after about 12 seconds. That's it's like, your body is |
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| 13:05 | I'm not gonna let you run anymore this speed, you're done. Go |
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| 13:09 | down on the floor and die for second at least. That's how I |
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| 13:14 | . Alright, so, you see immediate, Do you see the three |
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| 13:17 | of mechanisms a little bit complex? the idea is, is I've got |
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| 13:20 | teepee available through a couple of different is what I'm trying to get |
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| 13:25 | ultimately this is what we're trying to to so that we can break |
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| 13:30 | Yes, no one heads nodding one coming on maybe. All right. |
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| 13:38 | right, Here's the good news is don't need to know every step in |
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| 13:42 | black allergic pathway and or the glucose pathway. Some classes love to spend |
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| 13:49 | with this. Thinking, this is biology class. It's not a biology |
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| 13:52 | . It's vanity class. Even though do a lot of physiology in |
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| 13:55 | Right. And really what this says , look, if I take a |
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| 13:59 | of glucose, glucose is basically a carbon molecule that has a ton of |
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| 14:04 | in it. And what I'm gonna is I'm gonna break that glucose molecule |
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| 14:07 | and I'm gonna release the energy and smaller carbon molecules out of the |
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| 14:12 | Alright. And what this does not you is the pathways if you've ever |
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| 14:17 | a biology class, that is probably one primary thing you learn when you're |
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| 14:21 | with metabolism, everyone, let's learn metabolism and it says, look, |
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| 14:25 | start over here with a molecule of and in the end I get a |
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| 14:28 | bunch of a teepee And there's like steps to it. All right. |
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| 14:33 | , we don't need to worry about . All right. What I want |
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| 14:36 | focus on is when auction is available when oxygen is not available. |
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| 14:41 | So, in terms of short if I need immediate oxygen, I |
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| 14:48 | want to go through the 50 some steps to make the ATP. |
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| 14:54 | if I started glucose and go through these steps all the way. |
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| 14:57 | they're actually seeing here is a political part of it. You can say |
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| 15:02 | a bunch of steps here, then a whole bunch of steps here to |
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| 15:05 | down to there. And what we're is we're saying, no, I'm |
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| 15:08 | gonna go all do all these extra down here. What I'm gonna do |
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| 15:11 | I'm gonna start here and use an step and I'm gonna release or create |
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| 15:16 | enough a TP to keep things All right. And so, what |
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| 15:19 | says is, you know, out this, out of the glucose. |
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| 15:22 | I do is I make two molecules a teepee. That's not a really |
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| 15:26 | investment. I mean if you're investing like this, you're making money, |
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| 15:30 | you're not you're not getting rich, , you're keeping your head above |
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| 15:36 | All right. What you want to is when you put glucose in, |
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| 15:40 | want to get a lot out, want it's just like money. So |
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| 15:42 | put a dollar in. I want times what I put in. That |
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| 15:46 | be that is good money right I mean, that's Bitcoin. If |
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| 15:50 | bought it when it was a Bitcoin worth a pizza and there was a |
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| 15:55 | when it was the very first purchase a pizza. A large pizza with |
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| 16:00 | bit point Today, it's worth Yeah, He got as high as |
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| 16:07 | . Anyway, so in the short , what we're doing is we're circumventing |
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| 16:12 | these later steps and it's independent of . In other words, I don't |
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| 16:17 | oxygen to make a teepee. If stop early, I'll just get what |
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| 16:22 | get out of it Now, your doesn't want to do this. This |
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| 16:25 | a last resort. In other it says when I am desperate for |
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| 16:29 | T. P. I am willing go the anaerobic pathway. But normally |
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| 16:35 | I want to do is I want use the aerobic pathway. I want |
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| 16:38 | use oxygen and really what oxygen is as is a is a receiver of |
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| 16:45 | in this really is a receiver of . Alright. And so the idea |
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| 16:49 | is I'm gonna start with glucose and in the presence of oxygen when oxygen |
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| 16:53 | present, I'm able to do all different steps down here and in the |
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| 16:57 | I'm able to make a bunch of . This is what ourselves want to |
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| 17:05 | . Alright. And this is why have a respiratory system, right? |
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| 17:09 | is why you have a circulatory Because what you're doing is you're providing |
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| 17:14 | oxygen to the muscle cells and the cells in the body so that it |
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| 17:19 | use this pathway. Otherwise it'll take to get the oxygen there. |
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| 17:24 | One of the things that we do that we're not going to be dependent |
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| 17:28 | on our breathing to get the oxygen to our muscles, right? If |
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| 17:32 | walking across the street and not paying with your head down, looking at |
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| 17:35 | phone, trying to decide which picture . Well, I don't know what |
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| 17:39 | is that you're looking at. I've figured it out but And you're walking |
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| 17:48 | and all of a sudden it starts like this or that bus starts honking |
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| 17:52 | you as it slides through the wet . Are you going to want to |
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| 17:56 | for your respiratory system to deliver the to your muscles for them to start |
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| 18:01 | anyone anyone know know? And so we have is we have a storage |
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| 18:05 | . Myoglobin, we mentioned this Myoglobin is a molecule similar to |
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| 18:10 | hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood that holds on to oxygen and allows |
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| 18:14 | to be delivered in the body. is very similar to that. And |
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| 18:17 | sits in all your muscle cells and allows you to store up oxygen for |
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| 18:22 | pathway. So, the purpose of is too keep providing the oxygen once |
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| 18:27 | start using it. All right. , we have these immediate term very |
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| 18:35 | quick. We have the long term is preferred. But then in case |
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| 18:41 | emergency, that last resort we have short term to make a small amount |
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| 18:45 | ATP available. So eight ep is . We needed to pump. We |
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| 18:54 | to help break down or break the bridges when we're talking about muzzles and |
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| 19:00 | we've talked about up to this point in relation to skeletal muscle. And |
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| 19:09 | we're starting a new lecture that we to start when we got here. |
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| 19:15 | , there are three types of muscles the body, skeletal muscle and smooth |
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| 19:21 | cardiac. Now, everything I talked skeletal muscles almost true for cardiac muscle |
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| 19:26 | you get to a and p. and they talk about cardiac muscle nine |
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| 19:30 | out of 10. They don't even about uh stuff inside the cardiac muscle |
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| 19:35 | . There's some small differences but functionally exactly the same. Alright. |
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| 19:40 | you've already learned that smooth muscle also . Alright. But structurally it's very |
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| 19:49 | . All right. And so, can see here in the little cartoons |
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| 19:55 | what they've done. The artist has something that looks a lot like a |
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| 19:58 | that's been wrapped up, You know I'm talking about? It's like get |
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| 20:02 | string, you wrap up the ham that's kind of what you see |
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| 20:06 | And so what we're looking at is looking at a cell or series of |
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| 20:09 | that are very, very small that interacting with one another. And so |
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| 20:13 | create the spindle like shapes. That's individual cell that you're looking at. |
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| 20:17 | remember we said with scout smells were nuclear. And the reason we're multi |
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| 20:20 | , we took a whole bunch of cells and we merged them together during |
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| 20:23 | , create large cells. Right? here we're not doing that, each |
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| 20:28 | cell stays apart. Alright. It's small. There is no sarcasm |
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| 20:33 | When we looked at the skeletal we could say from this point to |
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| 20:36 | point, Z line is the line a sarcoma. We don't have sarcoma |
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| 20:40 | because we don't have Z lines. because we're looking at individual cells, |
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| 20:43 | do have the same proteins though that up Z lines. And what they |
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| 20:47 | is they create these structures called dense . And so in our low |
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| 20:52 | they're represented by these maroon ish looking . Alright. And here they're held |
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| 20:57 | place. So dense bodies don't just around. They're held in place by |
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| 21:00 | filaments and between each dense body are thick and thin filaments that we saw |
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| 21:06 | the skeletal muscles. They're just different . There's also some intermediate filaments that |
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| 21:10 | associated there. All right now, thick filaments are gonna be a little |
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| 21:15 | longer than they are in skeletal All right. And they're actually a |
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| 21:19 | type of miocene. But we're not explain all that in detail. If |
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| 21:23 | get human fizz, I get to you with that. But just think |
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| 21:28 | . All right, The thin filaments very similar. The difference is that |
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| 21:31 | lack that proponents. Remember what was purpose of the troponin? It's that |
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| 21:36 | molecule that moves triple my son out the way. Alright, So, |
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| 21:40 | we're really kind of suggesting here is my son and acting are in close |
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| 21:44 | with each other. They're just not . They don't need to have that |
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| 21:49 | molecule in the way. So, don't have troponin. You don't need |
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| 21:55 | to bind a troponin. That would you think that you don't need |
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| 22:01 | But you do. So, it matter which muscle system. You look |
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| 22:04 | your always gonna need calcium. You're gonna need a T. P. |
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| 22:08 | just how is the calcium used to these types of contractions? Alright, |
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| 22:12 | that's kind of the thing that we of look for here. So, |
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| 22:15 | couple of other things that are a bit different. Alright, smooth |
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| 22:18 | Each of the individual cells are connected each other by mechanical junctions. All |
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| 22:22 | . And sometimes there will be coupled junctions. In other words, basically |
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| 22:28 | one contracts that causes the opening of channel or an opening of a gap |
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| 22:32 | to allow the next cell to be by the cell that was being |
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| 22:37 | It does have a circle plaza in . Um So we are sequestering right |
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| 22:42 | . Now, what we're gonna do we're going to find that that these |
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| 22:45 | soccer players are particularly closely associated with imaginations called cal viola. And you |
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| 22:50 | see them kind of being shown around edges here. So they're kind of |
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| 22:54 | near the surface. But we don't any T tubules. We don't need |
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| 22:58 | . All right, because we don't big cells. We have these itsy |
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| 23:00 | tiny cells. So, an action along the surface is can stimulate right |
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| 23:05 | those calvi oli to cause the opening the cytoplasmic, particularly now where you |
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| 23:11 | smooth muscle is specifically in the hollow of the body. Alright, so |
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| 23:17 | easy hollow organ to think about The digestive track. Right? That's |
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| 23:20 | big giant tube that goes through your . But your blood vessels are hollow |
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| 23:24 | . The respiratory system is hollow The kidneys have hollow is a hollow |
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| 23:28 | . Alright, so all these different in your bodies are gonna take advantage |
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| 23:33 | the this stuff. And typically what gonna see when you look at a |
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| 23:36 | organ is you're going to see two of muscle fibers. All right. |
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| 23:41 | you can imagine these are fibers that coming out of the screen and moving |
|
| 23:44 | you. And then these are fibers are moving around the organ. |
|
| 23:51 | you can think about like this here's hollow organ. This inner layer is |
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| 23:55 | a loop of smooth muscle. So would be a layer of epithelium layer |
|
| 24:00 | connective tissue, then a layer of muscle, then another layer of smooth |
|
| 24:04 | going out towards you guys. And there'd be some other connective tissue and |
|
| 24:07 | stuff going along on the outside of that. All right now, there |
|
| 24:12 | gonna be some systems where it's not gonna be two layers. You will |
|
| 24:15 | three layers. So don't just put your brain. It's always two layers |
|
| 24:20 | of the time. It's two But it kind of makes it |
|
| 24:22 | It's like one that circles it. that goes lengthwise. Alright. |
|
| 24:27 | if I can track if I have tube and I have a muscle fiber |
|
| 24:30 | goes the length of the tube when contracts, What's it gonna do to |
|
| 24:32 | tube strengths tube. Alright. And I have a muscle fiber that encircles |
|
| 24:38 | tube, what's it gonna do to tube? It's gonna squeeze it? |
|
| 24:41 | , we're looking at basically. Um And I just blanked on the words |
|
| 24:46 | I want to use here. Uh going to see Dylan dilation and |
|
| 24:52 | Alright, constriction of the tube is word that we're looking for. |
|
| 24:56 | So, that would be a That would be dilation. All |
|
| 25:02 | But in terms of length you can tube this way now, why would |
|
| 25:06 | want to do that? Think about I'm digesting. If I squeeze the |
|
| 25:10 | by moving things forward, It creates and motility inside that tube. It's |
|
| 25:16 | of how earthworms move. Which is of cool. They use both these |
|
| 25:20 | of muscle right now. Smooth muscle not controlled by your brain. |
|
| 25:27 | it is controlling events but not consciously . It's involuntarily controlled. So, |
|
| 25:31 | we refer to it as as involuntary . Alright, so, blood flow |
|
| 25:36 | involuntary movement of materials in the digestive urinary tracts involuntary. In other |
|
| 25:42 | you cannot make your digestive tract digest . Right? You can't will it |
|
| 25:49 | going to happen? Okay, It or decreases airflow in the respiratory tract |
|
| 25:56 | those who struggle or have struggled with . You know that you have no |
|
| 26:01 | when that asthma attack happens to make bronchial dilator. You can't make it |
|
| 26:07 | . That's why you need the medicine basically cause that muscle musculature to |
|
| 26:13 | All right. Also contraction and relaxation the uterus during labor and development. |
|
| 26:18 | can't create the contractions in the right? You can only help them |
|
| 26:23 | bearing down that's actually skeletal muscle when trying to deliver a baby. You're |
|
| 26:28 | down using skeletal muscle and you're trying assist the smooth muscle which is doing |
|
| 26:33 | involuntarily. All right, come There we go. So, here's |
|
| 26:39 | scary page. All right. How this work? Alright. We said |
|
| 26:43 | is involved. A T. Is involved but it uses a different |
|
| 26:49 | . All right. And so, you look at this, you're gonna |
|
| 26:51 | wait a second. If you rather freaking out, you can pause at |
|
| 26:55 | for a second. Say wait a . This looks a lot like a |
|
| 26:57 | transaction cascade. And it is all . So, you can imagine an |
|
| 27:03 | potential is stimulating across the surface. other words, what's happened is is |
|
| 27:09 | some sort of stimulus has caused the of a chemical message that opens up |
|
| 27:14 | gated calcium channels. Alright. basically that action potential is gonna go |
|
| 27:19 | the surface and cause the voltage gated channels to open. What that's gonna |
|
| 27:24 | is it's going to cause an inflow calcium from the outside, which stimulates |
|
| 27:28 | opening of the psycho plasma critical um the inside, which causes more calcium |
|
| 27:32 | be released. So, now, done the first thing that I did |
|
| 27:35 | the other system, right? I've lots of calcium inside the cell. |
|
| 27:40 | . But we don't have proponent to with. Right, calcium. Does |
|
| 27:45 | else here. And what it's doing it's serving as a second messenger to |
|
| 27:50 | an enzyme. This enzyme is Call module in right name calcium modulating |
|
| 27:58 | . That's where the name comes Cal module in how modeling is an |
|
| 28:02 | that when activated activates other proteins. in this case the protein that's being |
|
| 28:08 | is called M. L. K. For short, it's myosin |
|
| 28:12 | chain keens. All right now, easy to get lost in the alphabet |
|
| 28:20 | . Right? But it tells you name mice and light chain canes. |
|
| 28:23 | tells you what it's gonna do is gonna phosphor elit mice and light |
|
| 28:28 | Now, we didn't talk about the of medicine. There's a heavy |
|
| 28:31 | There's a light chain. But what telling you is that it's acting on |
|
| 28:34 | assassin. And so when you activate and light chain kindness, what it |
|
| 28:40 | is that it causes the phosphor relation the miocene head. Now in skeletal |
|
| 28:47 | . What did we do? We a teepee come along and it bound |
|
| 28:51 | and then there's the A T. . A. On the myosin head |
|
| 28:55 | did all the work for breaking the here. It's mice. And light |
|
| 29:00 | kindness that's doing the work. There a TPS on there but it's not |
|
| 29:05 | effective. So it's this other enzyme doing the hard work. And so |
|
| 29:10 | a little bit slower. But what does is it breaks the bonds and |
|
| 29:13 | for the action in the miocene to . And that's when you're going to |
|
| 29:16 | this contraction smooth muscle contractions are a slower than skeletal muscle contractions and it's |
|
| 29:26 | and the reason for that is because . L. C. K. |
|
| 29:29 | . So once you get the mice heads to act they form those cross |
|
| 29:33 | you're gonna get contraction. And that's you get that ham or the cell |
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| 29:37 | all shrunk up and then you can a whole bunch of cells being stimulated |
|
| 29:41 | do this is going to cause the smooth muscle structure to shrink up. |
|
| 29:47 | right. So before I turn the I know some of you have the |
|
| 29:49 | up but before I turn the how would I relax the smooth |
|
| 29:54 | What do you think if calcium has be released? I have to turn |
|
| 30:00 | cal module and turn on my sunlight kind How do you think I would |
|
| 30:04 | to cause a relaxation of the Exactly. That's what I heard. |
|
| 30:14 | . When I can't hear you I'm gonna pretend like you said the right |
|
| 30:18 | . So I presume you said the thing. How turn off all the |
|
| 30:21 | you turned on. Right. How of you had your father's yelling at |
|
| 30:25 | for leaving the lights on in the when you come in the room? |
|
| 30:29 | on the light. That's fine. when you leave the room, turn |
|
| 30:32 | off wasting electricity. Same thing if turn everything on in order for me |
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| 30:37 | relax before I leave the room turn off. And so that's what's going |
|
| 30:40 | happen with relaxation basically closed up the channels calcium no longer binds cal module |
|
| 30:46 | . There's no cal modulator activated. no activation of mice and light chain |
|
| 30:51 | . Now, once I have an form, what we don't see in |
|
| 30:54 | of these pictures is that for every that gets activated, there's usually an |
|
| 30:58 | molecule is a molecule that comes along turns it off. So instead of |
|
| 31:02 | turning off the light, your little or little sister is responsible for turning |
|
| 31:06 | the light. Alright. And that's of what happens is something deactivates |
|
| 31:11 | Can imagine something deactivates minus and light kinda But when you've deactivated all those |
|
| 31:16 | this is no longer interacting. And it basically breaks its bonds and it |
|
| 31:22 | as it goes along. So a of features of smooth muscle, the |
|
| 31:34 | relaxation response, This is our favorite around thanksgiving. Alright, what does |
|
| 31:40 | mean basically says as I put pressure the smooth muscles, what it tends |
|
| 31:45 | do instead of fighting against it, relaxes. Alright, this is why |
|
| 31:50 | able to eat three plates of turkey thanksgiving. It's just I'm just gonna |
|
| 31:54 | putting food in, keep putting food the stomach goes okay sure, I'll |
|
| 31:59 | bring it, bring it and then like, okay, I can't do |
|
| 32:04 | . Alright. So it allows the of filler expand slowly to accommodate. |
|
| 32:09 | right, it can effectively function even twice or half its left resting |
|
| 32:16 | Remember skeletal muscle? We said there's this specific length that is efficient. |
|
| 32:22 | we stretch a muscle too far it it inefficient. If we contract a |
|
| 32:27 | it becomes inefficient. Smooth muscle doesn't that. It's actually efficient even at |
|
| 32:33 | or half its length. And the thing that's really cool about uh smooth |
|
| 32:38 | . Not all, but there are of smooth muscle in your body that |
|
| 32:41 | hypertrophic and what that means. Or me, hyper plastic. What that |
|
| 32:46 | is is that they're capable of dividing the one that I have as an |
|
| 32:49 | is a uterus. All right. you take your fist, ladies and |
|
| 32:53 | at your fist that's about the size your uterus. That's probably a little |
|
| 32:57 | bigger than your uterus. Think of newborn child? Is your newborn child |
|
| 33:02 | than your fist? Yeah. That uterus has to accommodate a new |
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| 33:10 | at full term plus the placenta plus a half gallon of fluid alongside |
|
| 33:18 | I mean You're walking around with that extra pounds of other tissue inside the |
|
| 33:25 | by itself. So it literally stretches . No, it multiplies the cells |
|
| 33:32 | and the smooth muscle cells are part the hyper plastic group that do |
|
| 33:39 | It's kind of cool. And what's cool is after birth? They actually |
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| 33:44 | just get all stretched to say look stretched. It actually removes excess cells |
|
| 33:50 | shrinks back down to about this Again. Now smooth muscles are gonna |
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| 33:59 | stimulated through action potentials through the autonomic system. The innovation which we |
|
| 34:05 | We haven't talked about autonomic nervous Like the last thing we talked about |
|
| 34:08 | this unit or not in this unit in the in the course is a |
|
| 34:12 | bit different. Instead of having a in plate. Typically what you have |
|
| 34:17 | the autonomic nervous system has these long uh terminal ends that have these bulges |
|
| 34:24 | the length of those terminal ends. what we call them in the |
|
| 34:27 | Baraka cities. So basically it's a . It's kind of like a motor |
|
| 34:30 | place. But it's not it just of sits and so you can imagine |
|
| 34:33 | like laying rope over a sheet and that those very cost cities, the |
|
| 34:38 | coast is where neurotransmitters released and it's of just flows over the cell and |
|
| 34:43 | there's receptors that's where you're going to stimulation. All right. So you |
|
| 34:48 | necessarily released enough neurotransmitter at a specific to create a contraction. It's there's |
|
| 34:56 | a lot of other dependencies. They you can actually modify the rate and |
|
| 35:00 | of contractions that are already occurring In other words, some of the |
|
| 35:04 | muscles are already going through a series natural contractions without stimulation from the nervous |
|
| 35:10 | . The nervous system just amplifies what's going on there. All right. |
|
| 35:15 | it's very different now in terms of , smooth muscle being Radio one's two |
|
| 35:23 | I can act as a single All right, Alright. Sorry. |
|
| 35:28 | can act in each of the individual can act independently. So, over |
|
| 35:33 | we call this the multi unit. each of these cells you can see |
|
| 35:37 | a very costly over each individual cell the cells themselves are not connected to |
|
| 35:43 | other. So, when I stimulate cell, I'm not necessarily stimulating that |
|
| 35:46 | next to it. All right. we see these? There's so there's |
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| 35:52 | neuro muscular junction where we see these blood vessels, small airways in the |
|
| 35:57 | , hair follicles, and also in eye. All right. Now, |
|
| 36:01 | you're trying to envision this, let's it this way. Have you ever |
|
| 36:05 | goose bumps on one side of your and not on the other? And |
|
| 36:08 | like, what's going on here? because all those cells are not coupled |
|
| 36:14 | . The hair follicles over here are in the hair follicles over there. |
|
| 36:18 | multi unit. All right. And we're talking about the eyes, we |
|
| 36:22 | can't see what's going on here. each of your eyes are focusing and |
|
| 36:26 | about 3000 times per second. And because of those individual cells contracting and |
|
| 36:31 | independently. So your ability to to down on a piece of paper and |
|
| 36:36 | up and being able to focus instantaneously a function of that. The single |
|
| 36:42 | is when we think of these other , basically all the cells are coupled |
|
| 36:47 | by gap junctions. So, if stimulate this cell, the inflow of |
|
| 36:53 | is going to work through the gap to the nearby cells and cause contractions |
|
| 36:57 | as well. So, they work a single unit. All right. |
|
| 37:02 | so you see the slow contraction spread the entire group of cells, which |
|
| 37:08 | called the Census She um All So, there can be within that |
|
| 37:15 | she um a group of of self cells. But once that cell gets |
|
| 37:24 | whichever one it is, it's gonna all through all the other cells. |
|
| 37:28 | the idea that kind of makes So, you can think about your |
|
| 37:33 | track right? Once I contract a bit of it's gonna cause continued |
|
| 37:38 | That's contractions going to spread and it's to push food forward as an |
|
| 37:47 | So, that's all I need you know about smooth muscle. Right? |
|
| 37:52 | notice completely blowing off cardiac muscle will that to dr ogletree. All |
|
| 37:58 | so, what I want to do I want to come back to skeletal |
|
| 38:00 | because skeletal muscles a little bit more sort of. First off when your |
|
| 38:09 | are attached to bones and the purpose the muscle and skeletal muscle is to |
|
| 38:13 | movement. Either locomotion or to cause of a structure, right? Like |
|
| 38:20 | tongue. Ah Right. That's skeletal , right. There's two parts we |
|
| 38:26 | to something that's called the origin and insertion. The origin is the part |
|
| 38:30 | the muscle that is approximately attached. , you can see up here, |
|
| 38:34 | saying with regard to the bicep, bicep is attached up here, |
|
| 38:39 | And then it's gonna travel down and going to insert in another bone insertion |
|
| 38:43 | the distal attachment. Typically when we're about the origin, this is the |
|
| 38:50 | attachment. You can think of it the anchor. The thing to which |
|
| 38:53 | am pulling another bounty. Alright. insertion is the thing that I'm pulling |
|
| 38:58 | and trying to move. All Typically, this is the fleshy |
|
| 39:04 | So, we're talking about the epic . So, you're going to see |
|
| 39:08 | bulk of the muscle up here and going to see uh basically near the |
|
| 39:13 | . The body is near the attachment . This is what distributes force. |
|
| 39:19 | right. And then down here is you're gonna see the tendon near the |
|
| 39:23 | . Alright. And this is where putting the force. So the bulk |
|
| 39:29 | and I'm sending the force to where want to move the object. So |
|
| 39:34 | near insertion. Far insertion is what trying to move some terms. You'll |
|
| 39:43 | hear when you're talking about muscles, agonist versus antagonist. An agonist is |
|
| 39:49 | muscle or muscle group directly involved in movement. All right. So, |
|
| 39:54 | I am doing a curl, my would be the bicep. All |
|
| 40:00 | now there's a muscle that opposes that , right? That's the antagonist. |
|
| 40:06 | right. So here this would be tricep and so you can see when |
|
| 40:10 | am contracting the agonist. So we're on the contraction. The antagonist goes |
|
| 40:16 | relaxation. You don't want the agonist the antagonist to be contracted at the |
|
| 40:21 | time. Otherwise you won't get movement they oppose one another. All |
|
| 40:26 | It's what we refer to as reciprocal . So when the signal is to |
|
| 40:30 | sent here to cause a contraction in bicep, what we're also doing is |
|
| 40:35 | preventing a signal being sent to the to allow it to relax. And |
|
| 40:40 | that's where we're getting um the opposing . There are other types of muscles |
|
| 40:46 | the body referred to as synergistic. synergistic is just a muscle that stabilizes |
|
| 40:51 | body or the bone during the So, if you were doing a |
|
| 40:56 | , you need to stabilize the upper of your body, right? So |
|
| 41:01 | you can do the curls. So not pulling yourself this way. |
|
| 41:05 | So that synergistic is the thing that's is helping you to bring about the |
|
| 41:11 | . Hand up or no. Tell . So, when you're dealing with |
|
| 41:18 | patellar knee jerk response, what you're is you're creating pressure on the |
|
| 41:22 | which is basically uh there's a there's receptor in that called the golgi tendon |
|
| 41:30 | and what you're doing is you're creating stretch in the tendon that the tendon |
|
| 41:35 | like It's basically saying I'm being overstretched so it creates this contraction which causes |
|
| 41:40 | knee jerk. So, in answer your question. Yes, but |
|
| 41:45 | Right. You're you're you're not actually with the antagonist or the agonist. |
|
| 41:49 | you're doing is you're telling the muscle it's being stretched more than it actually |
|
| 41:54 | by hitting that tendon. I know very confusing right now, I think |
|
| 42:00 | actually going to talk about. Well, all right. So, |
|
| 42:06 | gonna try to do this up on table here and see if I can |
|
| 42:08 | it without knocking 1000 things over. right? So, here I am |
|
| 42:15 | upon the table 10ants that you want hit is right here, it's not |
|
| 42:21 | one wearing jeans and stuff like But let's just get this thing. |
|
| 42:25 | , leg is relaxed, right? there's a certain degree of contraction that's |
|
| 42:29 | in here. My body says this the position that my legs should be |
|
| 42:33 | . All right. So, when hit that tendon, you can kind |
|
| 42:36 | see I get the jerk out of . What's what's happening is is it's |
|
| 42:40 | that muscle is being stretched more than actually is now. It's not being |
|
| 42:44 | . What you're doing is you're creating stretch in the tendon. And that |
|
| 42:48 | receptor inside the tendon is basically oh wait and see what it does |
|
| 42:52 | it says I need to contract this or sorry, I need to relax |
|
| 42:58 | muscle and contract this muscle which causes jerk. So basically you're you're getting |
|
| 43:04 | of the agonist because it's getting a of contraction and you are getting a |
|
| 43:10 | of the antagonist to try to put muscle back into its original position. |
|
| 43:16 | , right? It's it's again, a receptor and we're gonna talk about |
|
| 43:20 | a little bit later when we talk the senses. Alright, we haven't |
|
| 43:23 | there yet. Right? And so it's just it goes with the group |
|
| 43:27 | senses. But the idea here is body, I mean, you guys |
|
| 43:30 | the position of your body in right? I mean, everyone close |
|
| 43:33 | eyes, touch your nose, can do that alright. You know where |
|
| 43:36 | nose is, right? Your body this natural understanding of where it |
|
| 43:42 | Little bit of alcohol kind of disrupts knowledge. It's like yeah, you |
|
| 43:45 | , it's around here someplace, you , But but so part of that |
|
| 43:50 | is because we have receptors located throughout our joints and in our tendons and |
|
| 43:55 | our muscles to actually determine how much has actually taken place relative to the |
|
| 44:00 | of stretch your muscles want to right? So let me move away |
|
| 44:06 | the receptor part and let's talk about muscle part. All right, so |
|
| 44:11 | we got the agonist. The The center just would be the muscle |
|
| 44:15 | kind of helps hold everything in You're gonna hopefully see this here in |
|
| 44:20 | . Now when they're when you're thinking contractions, we always think about the |
|
| 44:24 | of the muscle and that's and that a true that's what a contraction |
|
| 44:28 | It's shortening of the muscle. But are different types of tensions that you |
|
| 44:34 | produce when you're doing a contraction. , the isotonic one is real |
|
| 44:38 | Alright. Says, look, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna |
|
| 44:41 | muscle tension which is force. And I'm gonna do is I'm going to |
|
| 44:45 | enough force to overcome the load. load being the thing I want to |
|
| 44:50 | and when I create overcome that the amount of tension I produce is |
|
| 44:54 | going to get any bigger. It's stay the same. Right? |
|
| 44:58 | I'm gonna use the small thing Right here, we've got the small |
|
| 45:02 | . Everyone recognizes about 23 ounces. you agree when I put in my |
|
| 45:06 | , I just need to create enough to overcome those two or three |
|
| 45:10 | I don't need to create £4 of to overcome two or three ounces. |
|
| 45:14 | I've overcome that I can create the . Right? So that would be |
|
| 45:22 | . Now when I pick things That's an easy one to think |
|
| 45:25 | This is called a concentric isotonic contraction there's also an E centric so there's |
|
| 45:31 | a load in my hand and I to put it down. I have |
|
| 45:34 | create enough force to allow it to without damaging my arm and putting in |
|
| 45:41 | damaging the load itself. Right? there's an e centric contraction as |
|
| 45:47 | So concentric eccentric. All right. can think of it this way when |
|
| 45:54 | am creating a concentric, the agonist opposing the sorry, the antagonist opposing |
|
| 46:01 | agonist. When I'm doing e centric roles of those two muscles, the |
|
| 46:06 | and the triceps are reversed. The becomes the antagonist. The antagonist becomes |
|
| 46:12 | agonist because this is now the one the job of lowering the arms. |
|
| 46:18 | just opposite roles. It's like who's the dance? Okay. Isometric is |
|
| 46:27 | little bit different. Isometric here deals tension being built up that can't overcome |
|
| 46:33 | load. It just prevents the load from moving. In other words there's |
|
| 46:38 | to be constant muscle length. This used to be a real popular |
|
| 46:42 | of exercise back in the 70s. right. But I'm just going to |
|
| 46:46 | it. Well, I can demonstrate this why don't demonstrate against the |
|
| 46:50 | All right. How much force do need to do in order to move |
|
| 46:55 | wall a lot. Alright, so can push on it a little |
|
| 47:01 | Right? So I've created tension and can keep producing more and more and |
|
| 47:06 | and more attention but my muscle length ever change, does it? And |
|
| 47:10 | reason is because I can't produce enough to move the load, I'm still |
|
| 47:15 | a contraction right? The tension is up but I'm not able to shorten |
|
| 47:21 | muscle because I can't produce an attention overcome the load. So isometric is |
|
| 47:26 | you can't overcome the load and the basically it doesn't change length now to |
|
| 47:33 | it Like they used to do in 70s. Alright. Jack Lalane the |
|
| 47:37 | nine yards. Alright, take your , say I'm going to you |
|
| 47:42 | contract my muscles and I'm gonna push myself and look, oh yeah if |
|
| 47:46 | start pushing I can create more and and more attention but I'm not moving |
|
| 47:51 | , muscles aren't changing. But you see me you know actually creating a |
|
| 47:55 | of tension there, right? That be isometric. You know? So |
|
| 48:00 | the type of isometric isometric contraction. here's a visual one and this is |
|
| 48:06 | easier to see if they were doing live. And so you can cut |
|
| 48:09 | a muscle out of a frog, a little bit of weight on |
|
| 48:12 | The muscle will stretch. And what do is you apply a little electricity |
|
| 48:15 | that. And then you know this right here is able to overcome the |
|
| 48:19 | , you can see the contract concentric . So it pull the weight |
|
| 48:24 | right? E centric would be as slowly release the electricity. It would |
|
| 48:29 | return back to its original shape. again, you'd be it's harder to |
|
| 48:33 | can't do it with like one You need to muscles to do that |
|
| 48:37 | with the isometric. What it's saying look, I've stretched out this muscle |
|
| 48:40 | far as it's going to go and I'm gonna start applying that that tension |
|
| 48:45 | it's going to create greater and greater greater tension but it's never able to |
|
| 48:49 | the load so the muscle never Alright, that's that's the idea |
|
| 49:01 | So there's what we used to We're four characteristics. Now the textbooks |
|
| 49:07 | No, no, no, there's . Alright. So, first with |
|
| 49:09 | to the muscles, they have contracted so basically they forcibly shortened when you |
|
| 49:15 | them. Alright, so they get . They're excitable. That means they |
|
| 49:19 | to some sort of stimulus. In case it's a chemical stimulus that's a |
|
| 49:22 | of an action potential. Alright. really it's not the action potential is |
|
| 49:26 | the electrical stimulation, it's the stimulation to create the contraction. So they're |
|
| 49:34 | . They can be extensible. So if you've ever stretched before, |
|
| 49:41 | what what are you doing? I the name says what you're doing, |
|
| 49:44 | stretching the muscle beyond its normal relaxing . Alright. So they're extendable or |
|
| 49:53 | . All right. They're also That means after you workout after you've |
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| 49:57 | the contraction, they returned back to original shape they don't just stay stretched |
|
| 50:03 | a bad pair of pantyhose, And then also there plastic meaning that |
|
| 50:09 | adapt based on usage. Now, you work out on a regular |
|
| 50:13 | you've noticed this, you started off like me little doughy and after a |
|
| 50:20 | while it's like, wow, I muscles. Now you always had |
|
| 50:25 | they just change as a result of usage. The more you use the |
|
| 50:30 | , the bigger it's gonna get. there are some biomechanics that go along |
|
| 50:40 | this and we're just going to try keep it brief so as not to |
|
| 50:45 | horribly confusing. So because of these , one thing that you can do |
|
| 50:52 | you can use what is called the shortening cycle. This is really |
|
| 50:57 | Well, when you're dealing with running jumping anything with the lower limbs and |
|
| 51:01 | idea here is you go through the and the concentric contractions, The Eccentric |
|
| 51:07 | is the 1st phase. What it is actively stretches out the agonist |
|
| 51:12 | So remember what we're doing is we're it more than it needs to |
|
| 51:16 | And then what happens is is then you bring it down you can you |
|
| 51:21 | contract uh with that energy you create stronger contraction which creates a greater spring |
|
| 51:28 | you get back to the concentric So the amortization phases, basically the |
|
| 51:34 | period between the two. And so you think about when you walk, |
|
| 51:37 | you're doing is you're stretching, And then what you do is you |
|
| 51:42 | off and you're using that that force propel you further forward. And this |
|
| 51:48 | really easy to see when you're running walking walking. It's kind of |
|
| 51:52 | okay, I see that, but I'm running I am my toe comes |
|
| 51:57 | to my knee and I push down I spring off and I'm using that |
|
| 52:01 | bottom of my foot to to use force all the way to my toes |
|
| 52:06 | it propels before it gives me a stride. So the stretch shortening cycle |
|
| 52:11 | takes advantage of the energy stored up that stretch to create a better spring |
|
| 52:17 | the end. Now to understand this why this happens what we have is |
|
| 52:24 | have a force velocity relationship and this just a memorization thing. Alright, |
|
| 52:28 | , when you're dealing with the concentric and I'm gonna try to show this |
|
| 52:32 | you in a second here as Alright, force is inversely related to |
|
| 52:37 | , which means that the more force have the floor of the muscle |
|
| 52:42 | All right. The less force, faster the muscle contraction. All |
|
| 52:46 | Again, you can think about Right? Is it way a |
|
| 52:52 | Well, so if I'm going to a concentric contraction do I have to |
|
| 52:56 | a lot of force, Right, what's going to happen is I get |
|
| 53:00 | fast contraction. Alright, little forced contraction? All right. The more |
|
| 53:06 | I have to produce This one looks . See if I can do this |
|
| 53:11 | hurting myself. I can't go as . Can I have to produce more |
|
| 53:20 | slower contraction? That's concentric. When dealing with e centric there's a direct |
|
| 53:30 | , more force faster, less force . All right, now again, |
|
| 53:36 | you're dealing with is you're coming down again, I like to use this |
|
| 53:41 | it's an easy thing to picture little , right, little force. So |
|
| 53:48 | don't want it to come slamming down breaking the objects. So what I'm |
|
| 53:51 | do is I am going to go to bring this down? Right? |
|
| 53:57 | force slower over here weighs a All right, I want to oppose |
|
| 54:08 | from hitting the floor. Right. I want to drop this? So |
|
| 54:13 | I have it in a contracted state this is not easy to do. |
|
| 54:17 | ? Right. If I want to this down to keep myself from hurting |
|
| 54:22 | , I'm going to go faster with contraction to prevent its movement. In |
|
| 54:30 | words, the contraction is opposing me it so the amount of force I'm |
|
| 54:36 | is also as I'm creating a fast so that as I'm coming down, |
|
| 54:43 | being let down slower. Does that sense. Whereas here I'm going slow |
|
| 54:53 | this thing is going to come down . I'm now just trying to prevent |
|
| 54:56 | from slamming fast. Does that make ? Practice it at home. Just |
|
| 55:03 | a £20 weight versus a £5 See what happens? Alright. Can |
|
| 55:08 | do it fast? And when I'm this way? Those muscles contracting a |
|
| 55:13 | faster, isn't it? Yeah. right. Muscle fibers have different ways |
|
| 55:23 | they can be aligned relative to the . Now remember what is the |
|
| 55:28 | The tendon is the thing that's attached the insertion that's causing the bone to |
|
| 55:34 | . All right. And so what want to do is in essence, |
|
| 55:38 | I am sending all my fibers parallel that tendon, what I'm doing is |
|
| 55:42 | creating force down to that tendon to it. But if I put fibers |
|
| 55:47 | at oblique angles, I'm not pulling the same force in the same |
|
| 55:52 | Right? So, if you can about this, here's my tendon in |
|
| 55:55 | Y direction. I have all my coming down. I can pull quickly |
|
| 55:59 | the Y. Direction. But if have my fibers coming in at an |
|
| 56:02 | angle, I'm less Y. And I'm producing less force in that wide |
|
| 56:10 | . So, what we have here what are called pin eight versus non |
|
| 56:13 | eight phnom penh phnom penh in phnom eight. Why are they non pen |
|
| 56:18 | ? Because what we're doing here is have fibers fibers that are parallel to |
|
| 56:23 | tendon. All right, They produce velocities because they have a whole bunch |
|
| 56:29 | fibers pointing in the same exact right? If you're pulling on a |
|
| 56:34 | directly behind the rope, you can the rope move pretty quick so |
|
| 56:39 | So good. Over over on the of the rope. And I'm trying |
|
| 56:42 | move the rope that way. Trying pull the rope. This way doesn't |
|
| 56:45 | me much good, does it? what I'm doing is I'm adding in |
|
| 56:51 | and more muscle. Alright, so you can see here's I'm sorry. |
|
| 56:55 | the tendon. You can see coming the side. I'm off at an |
|
| 56:59 | angle. Here's the tendon going up middle, bleak angles. These are |
|
| 57:03 | know, penetrate Bipin eight. Multi eight. This is your deltoid |
|
| 57:07 | You can see the tendons. They're going off at angles. Now, |
|
| 57:10 | I can do when I have a like this is that I can have |
|
| 57:15 | fibers, right? More cross per volume of muscle. So I |
|
| 57:20 | make bigger muscles to create greater Alright, don't get speed. But |
|
| 57:27 | I do get is strength. And these types of muscles. The PIN |
|
| 57:32 | muscles are you're forcing muscles there. strength of muscles in the body. |
|
| 57:37 | speed is when the tendons and the are aligned in the same plane. |
|
| 57:46 | muscles where they're not aligned in the plane. Greater force. All |
|
| 57:55 | Now, you'll take classes at some in your life. This is not |
|
| 57:58 | of them where you will have to all these muscle names. All |
|
| 58:07 | You're not gonna need them all. . That's just a fact of |
|
| 58:11 | My wife is a physical therapist. doesn't know all 500 muscles of the |
|
| 58:16 | . I'll point to something and say hurts. What is that? And |
|
| 58:19 | have to go look it up. right. And it's that's just the |
|
| 58:23 | it is. But at some point gonna, you know, there's gonna |
|
| 58:26 | some anonymous who just thinks that this the most important thing you're ever gonna |
|
| 58:29 | to do in your life to name these muscles. All right. And |
|
| 58:33 | going to just try to make your a little bit simpler because when you |
|
| 58:36 | the names, you're gonna kind of out. Alright, so there's over |
|
| 58:39 | of them. But what you need understand is that the muscles are named |
|
| 58:43 | upon either location, position, size, shape. Sometimes their origin |
|
| 58:49 | insertion or whatever action they're producing. so I'm just gonna give you some |
|
| 58:53 | here and I want to see if can figure out the name. So |
|
| 58:56 | have the orientation of the muscle. the rectus. What does rectus sound |
|
| 59:02 | correct? So it goes up and . So you can already see if |
|
| 59:06 | looking at a muscle that's going up down. It's probably an erectus or |
|
| 59:10 | probably erectus erectus. Alright size What does that sound like brief? |
|
| 59:19 | , longest long. It's like made latino, most major big minor small |
|
| 59:30 | . Very large. Alright, so it just kind of said oh there |
|
| 59:33 | be muscles that have different sizes. you you know some of these rights |
|
| 59:37 | know you've heard of the gluteus Have you heard of the gluteus |
|
| 59:44 | And then there's the gluteus medias. right. So there's three gluteal muscles |
|
| 59:49 | they're basically based on their size in position shape. Deltoid must be shaped |
|
| 59:55 | a triangle rhombus shaped like a rhombus quadra lateral and then here's the action |
|
| 60:09 | abductor. What does an abductor What's up, adductor down? The |
|
| 60:16 | makes you feel bad, extensive flex or flex, elevator. Elevate |
|
| 60:25 | and lift up opponents opposes. All . So when you see those names |
|
| 60:34 | when you're learning them there's there's a they're named the way they they're |
|
| 60:39 | Okay, don't let long scary names they pop up and they will pop |
|
| 60:45 | go oh let me make, let use my fake latin to understand what |
|
| 60:50 | are. Oh it's fastest. Right they'll come across much much easier now |
|
| 61:00 | you haven't figured it out yet or seen this yet in terms of like |
|
| 61:04 | the origin and insertion are, what looking at is we're looking at mussels |
|
| 61:08 | are acting as simple machines and specifically lever. Alright. Or lever whichever |
|
| 61:15 | you want to do it. If don't know what a lever is. |
|
| 61:17 | lever is a straight stiff object. of it like a stick, |
|
| 61:23 | That has a fixed point. That used as a pivot. It's a |
|
| 61:28 | chrome. Alright. So ah just have anything good in here to show |
|
| 61:34 | . But basically say here's that fulcrum basically I can move over that pivot |
|
| 61:40 | and if I apply force on one , that force can be used to |
|
| 61:45 | an object with greater ease. In fact, I think very early |
|
| 61:50 | someone calculated the size of the earth said with the with a long enough |
|
| 61:55 | , a human can move the you know, over a small distance |
|
| 62:02 | have to be really long. What we're doing here is we're creating |
|
| 62:06 | mechanical advantage. All right. So you have is you have an applied |
|
| 62:10 | . That's the force that you're applying you're the resistive force is the thing |
|
| 62:15 | you're trying to move. It's basically force of the object that's being |
|
| 62:20 | Alright. And so the way that muscles and our bones are arranged is |
|
| 62:26 | us to see how the body uses simple machine to cause our movements. |
|
| 62:34 | in fact when you do comparative you can start looking at other organisms |
|
| 62:38 | are like say, for example faster us. And you're going to |
|
| 62:41 | oh now I can truly see based the way that this bone has been |
|
| 62:46 | . Why, for example, a runs faster than a human does. |
|
| 62:51 | they have the exact same structures. mean, they have a foot just |
|
| 62:54 | we do, but their foot has lifted off so that they are basically |
|
| 62:58 | their toes. And so they're using lever that basically creates a greater |
|
| 63:03 | All right. So in our the bones are the lever arms. |
|
| 63:08 | joints are full crumbs and then the are the things that are applying for |
|
| 63:12 | . There are three basic types of in the body. First class. |
|
| 63:16 | class, third class. All So, first class, they basically |
|
| 63:21 | the muscle force and the resistant force opposite sides of the fulcrum. So |
|
| 63:25 | green thing is the fulcrum. So what you're gonna be looking for. |
|
| 63:28 | here is the muscle force that, ? There is the resistant force. |
|
| 63:33 | apply it here, you oppose the force. Alright, so with the |
|
| 63:38 | class you can think of like a of scissors or clamps, right? |
|
| 63:42 | basically what you're doing is along that . If you're thinking about one arm |
|
| 63:46 | the scissor, and here's the cutting of the scissor, what you're doing |
|
| 63:49 | you're moving it on that fulcrum. don't have a lot of these in |
|
| 63:52 | body. The classic one though is mandible. All right, You can |
|
| 63:58 | here's the muscle at the back of neck, What you're doing is you're |
|
| 64:00 | up and basically allows you to open close around the mandible. All |
|
| 64:06 | It's not a very efficient lever. looks for ways to make things more |
|
| 64:12 | . Second class levers. This is familiar one. You can see here |
|
| 64:18 | muscle force is followed by uh the force which is then followed by the |
|
| 64:25 | . So the muscle force and the are on opposite ends. And the |
|
| 64:28 | you're trying to move is in between is a great example. You lift |
|
| 64:32 | the ends of the wheelbarrow, the on the ground is the fulcrum. |
|
| 64:36 | materials that you're trying to move is the barrel itself. Alright, so |
|
| 64:41 | , you can see here, here's calf, here's my toes, there's |
|
| 64:45 | ankle. You can see that is force I'm trying to do is my |
|
| 64:49 | weight. I use my calves. I'm doing is I'm lifting up and |
|
| 64:54 | toes are serving as the fulcrum. actually feels good. My calves needles |
|
| 64:58 | there. All right, this is most common type. These aren't very |
|
| 65:03 | as well. All right. Third lever here. Again, you have |
|
| 65:06 | focus on one side, but what have in the middle is the muscle |
|
| 65:12 | and then the resistive force is the that's on the furthest in the example |
|
| 65:16 | is a shovel. You can think a broom if you want to as |
|
| 65:19 | . So you're holding on one That's the full chrome your hand in |
|
| 65:23 | middle is the muscle force, the forces over there in the end. |
|
| 65:29 | what I'm doing is I'm moving this is still sitting, still on |
|
| 65:33 | broom. I'm sweeping here, Thing. I'm moving is down on |
|
| 65:37 | end, most of the muscles in body are like that. So |
|
| 65:42 | here's the bicep, there is the . So notice where is the muscle |
|
| 65:46 | fulcrum, muscle force. I think moving. This is where it's being |
|
| 65:52 | right there. So third class levers the primary type of levers that our |
|
| 66:02 | is made up of, all of exist. But the third class is |
|
| 66:05 | primary coming down the home stretch and is pretty easy stuff. This I |
|
| 66:14 | is the more interesting stuff. so there's basically different types of muscle |
|
| 66:18 | types. You guys like chicken or , your white meat or dark pink |
|
| 66:23 | , flight meat, Dark meat. like to ask this question because I |
|
| 66:28 | to get fights started in the You know, we can go to |
|
| 66:31 | here over white or dark meat here a second. All right, humans |
|
| 66:35 | mammals. All creatures have white and meat. Right? When we look |
|
| 66:41 | a at a bird, right? can see the white and dark meat |
|
| 66:44 | clearly. Right. I mean that's I'm saying, is that you |
|
| 66:47 | do you want that breast or do want that leg? Right. And |
|
| 66:50 | like I want the leg was no, no, no. I |
|
| 66:53 | the breasts. No, but the has more fat to it and it's |
|
| 66:57 | and Yeah. And then the white . No, but there's more of |
|
| 66:59 | . And Yeah, we can have fight. All right. But it's |
|
| 67:03 | white meat versus dark meat. If take a human muscle fiber and cut |
|
| 67:07 | it, you're gonna see the different of fibers that are white meat and |
|
| 67:13 | meat. It's just that our muscles combined of these different types of |
|
| 67:17 | See we don't have to migrate over distance by flapping our arms. So |
|
| 67:21 | don't have a whole bunch of white in our pectoral muscles. Birds need |
|
| 67:27 | have a lot of white fibers in pectoral muscles. Alright. So, |
|
| 67:33 | we have. That's what these different of fibers are. The type one |
|
| 67:36 | type two refer to the white and dark meat sort of. All |
|
| 67:41 | So, in terms of the type one fibers are slow twitch |
|
| 67:46 | Remember is a microscopic contraction. It a long time for you to develop |
|
| 67:51 | force and it takes you a long to go back to relaxation. |
|
| 67:54 | time here is relative. Alright, twos are fast switches so they contract |
|
| 68:00 | and they relax quickly. What that means is that in terms of the |
|
| 68:04 | . Type ones don't produce a lot power. All right. Whereas Type |
|
| 68:09 | , they produce a lot of power , very quickly in terms of fatigue |
|
| 68:14 | because they take a long time and they don't produce a lot of |
|
| 68:18 | they tend to be resistant to They have a high capacity for aerobic |
|
| 68:24 | . Whereas the type 2s, they're inefficient. They're highly fatiguing and they |
|
| 68:29 | low aerobic capacity. All right. , so what do we call these |
|
| 68:39 | ? We'll type one is what we to as oxidative Alright, basically oxidative |
|
| 68:44 | , Type one produce more 80 They're dependent upon oxidative phosphor relation, |
|
| 68:49 | is at the end of that So what you're doing is you're using |
|
| 68:53 | and you're using that oxygen to make of a teepee. They are very |
|
| 68:57 | in terms of fatiguing. The black . On the other hand, depends |
|
| 69:02 | those first stages the glock collis pathways make the A. T. |
|
| 69:06 | So don't make a lot of 80 . Very very quickly. They they |
|
| 69:09 | have what they have and they just it. So they fatigued very very |
|
| 69:13 | . And if you look at different of exercisers right, the normal person |
|
| 69:19 | has almost an equal part of the twitch and fast twitch, right? |
|
| 69:24 | oxygen versus glock elliptic. But if a marathon or you typically have more |
|
| 69:29 | the oxidative types. All right. you're a sprinter, you typically have |
|
| 69:35 | of the glycol igic types and you kind of break this down to see |
|
| 69:38 | of where people fall. All Here's that cross section and you can |
|
| 69:45 | of see the type one is a muscle, Right? What do we |
|
| 69:50 | ? It's a lot not fatiguing. what it does is it dependent dependent |
|
| 69:54 | oxygen? If it's dependent on it means it's gonna have lots of |
|
| 69:58 | . Myoglobin is what makes the muscle . Right? That's the dark |
|
| 70:04 | Okay, You can see it. type two, there's two different |
|
| 70:07 | There's a red and white. The here is not as numerous as as |
|
| 70:12 | we see here with the type Neither of the Type one or Type |
|
| 70:18 | A are as prevalent as the white . Alright, We tend to be |
|
| 70:24 | good at very, very quick burst stuff, then we get tired really |
|
| 70:30 | . It seems like my day every . I'm just tired all the |
|
| 70:33 | Right? But if you see the white muscle really stands out as |
|
| 70:38 | white is because it doesn't have the . It basically is solely dependent upon |
|
| 70:44 | first steps of the pathway that black pathway. The type two has some |
|
| 70:49 | stuff, but it's just like I'm gonna waste my time. I'm just |
|
| 70:52 | to get to the energy very, quickly. So type one, remember |
|
| 70:58 | the oxidative, the type 2s are glycolic, but some are faster than |
|
| 71:07 | . Now, when you are dealing muscle strength? This is a slide |
|
| 71:10 | already seen. We're recruiting in Right? So the more force I'm |
|
| 71:17 | , the more fibers I am recruiting , the more fibers are recruit in |
|
| 71:21 | faster I fatigue. I'm just gonna an example. If I gave you |
|
| 71:26 | £5 weight, said start doing could you do curls pretty much for |
|
| 71:29 | 30 minutes without getting bored? I mean, you get bored but |
|
| 71:32 | could without getting really tired. What about 50 lb weight Now? |
|
| 71:39 | can probably about 10 maybe if you're really good shape curls become hard. |
|
| 71:44 | you know, you see what I'm to get out and it's just you |
|
| 71:47 | struggling. Alright. So what you've here is you're using the same |
|
| 71:51 | but you're recruiting in more and more with each one. The more fibers |
|
| 71:54 | recruit, the faster it is. going to get you to fatigue because |
|
| 71:59 | what would happen is if I'm doing £5 weights, I'm gonna do these |
|
| 72:02 | these fibers for a little while. , they're getting tired. So, |
|
| 72:04 | gonna switch over to these fibers for little while. I'm gonna switch over |
|
| 72:06 | these fibers for a little while. ? And so when we recruit through |
|
| 72:11 | motor units, adding in more and , that's going to result in fatigue |
|
| 72:21 | . I was really fortunate to find picture because it juxtaposes exactly what we're |
|
| 72:25 | to get at here? What type races do you think this guy is |
|
| 72:29 | ? What is this one running sprint now? You're gonna look at his |
|
| 72:34 | and say yeah, he's looking pretty . He's got to be running a |
|
| 72:37 | . But that's kind of what I like when I'm running a marathon, |
|
| 72:39 | just like I'm just praying for death that point, just like keep me |
|
| 72:43 | . So, when you are working , when you exercise, what you're |
|
| 72:47 | is you're causing hypertrophy in the What that means is, is that |
|
| 72:52 | not making more muscle? You're making muscle fiber bigger. You're adding more |
|
| 72:58 | bridges. In other words, those of skeletal elements that thick and the |
|
| 73:00 | filaments that make up that muscle and the strength of the muscle is being |
|
| 73:06 | . So, when you work you're not adding in new muscle |
|
| 73:10 | you're making bigger muscle cells. That's hypertrophy portion. Alright, so more |
|
| 73:16 | the contract. I'll proteins more mild . Or fiber. Excuse me. |
|
| 73:22 | , type two fibers have the greater for hypertrophy. All right. Because |
|
| 73:27 | grading greater force generation. When I'm with aerobic stuff. All right. |
|
| 73:38 | basically Well, let me put What I'm going through hypertrophy? What |
|
| 73:42 | doing, is it's making me uh susceptible, was he? Yeah. |
|
| 73:49 | that makes me less susceptible to getting to where it needs to go. |
|
| 73:54 | right. In other words, I fewer capillaries, got bigger muscles, |
|
| 73:57 | capillaries, less oxygen, less fuel allow for the contraction. So as |
|
| 74:01 | result the bigger I get, the I get tired. Does that make |
|
| 74:07 | ? So again, looking at this , he's a sprinter, This guy |
|
| 74:11 | a marathoner. Why can he do ? Well, he doesn't fatigue quite |
|
| 74:15 | much. He doesn't have the muscle that fatigues quite as much. This |
|
| 74:20 | he can't run a marathon, he's fall down after 200 m because he |
|
| 74:24 | muscle type that's dependent upon fast strong . Right now, I get this |
|
| 74:35 | asked Doctor Wayne if I work can I get the best body |
|
| 74:40 | And the answer is yes, but are born with the type of muscle |
|
| 74:45 | you're born with. The reason Arnold won. Mr Universe is because of |
|
| 74:50 | type of body he has. I never be like Arnold Schwarzenegger for lots |
|
| 74:56 | reasons. But the primary one is don't have the same muscle fiber |
|
| 75:01 | I don't have the same discipline. the other thing that he has is |
|
| 75:04 | has thinner skin so that when he through these periods of starvation and and |
|
| 75:10 | other injections that he would do, makes his muscles bulge just right. |
|
| 75:14 | and makes all the veins look all and stuff. It's because of his |
|
| 75:19 | type If you have this type of type. This would be a Type |
|
| 75:24 | . You can work out and you see yeah, that's kind of what |
|
| 75:29 | when I work out. I'm like hulk. I get bigger and bulkier |
|
| 75:32 | fatter. It sucks. Alright. You can laugh. That's why I'm |
|
| 75:38 | here. All right. My next you ready for? This is 19 |
|
| 75:44 | 3/4. I was a linebacker in school, right? I had a |
|
| 75:49 | and three quarter inch neck in high . When I work out, my |
|
| 75:53 | just gets fatter. Just put things my shoulders. I'm beast of |
|
| 75:58 | All right. This is my body . I just get bigger and bigger |
|
| 76:02 | bigger. Look at that neck. right. My roommate, I literally |
|
| 76:06 | this was my roommate from college because what he looked like. This is |
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| 76:09 | Type two, Type 1 body Now, you can see this 90 |
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| 76:13 | weakling stuff, but when he works , does he turn into this |
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| 76:16 | he improves his body tone, but only type one muscle. He's majority |
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| 76:22 | one muscle, so he doesn't create same tone. Guys, certainly in |
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| 76:27 | shape than he was, but he didn't look like that. All |
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| 76:34 | So, I don't know if this encouraging or discouraging, but you're born |
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| 76:39 | the body type that you're born Alright, So, as you look |
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| 76:43 | yourself and say, I'm going to my shape, understand what that means |
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| 76:48 | you're going to work out. All , you can't change your muscle |
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| 76:52 | You can only improve the fitness of muscles that you have. All |
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| 76:57 | Like I said, it could be or it can be discouraging depending on |
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| 77:02 | point of view. So what do do when you work out? |
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| 77:06 | when you do rate training and when do say, for example, sprint |
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| 77:10 | , what you're gonna do is you're increase that cytoplasmic density, you're gonna |
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| 77:15 | the number of mild fibers. You're to make the t tubules more dense |
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| 77:19 | you're gonna add in larger circle applies particular. So you can supply the |
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| 77:24 | needed to create those very strong right? You're gonna get muscle |
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| 77:29 | you're gonna get greater strength. similarly, you're going to see an |
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| 77:35 | in speed and power production. That's when you look at sprinters, what |
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| 77:39 | do is they get bigger and bulkier they run Because they're improving those type |
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| 77:45 | muscles. You're also going to see better tolerance with regard to the accumulation |
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| 77:51 | protons. Alright, so that's going lead to fatigue. And basically that |
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| 77:55 | you're going to see a loss of . So accumulation of protons, increases |
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| 78:00 | . So you delay fatigue and you slightly better endurance. All right, |
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| 78:05 | , like, if you're doing weight , it's like, oh, I |
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| 78:08 | use to lift £10. I can a lot more and I can do |
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| 78:11 | for longer is an example of what trying to get my wife who doesn't |
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| 78:17 | to me about terms of weight No, no, no. I'm |
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| 78:20 | do aerobic stuff. This is what stuff does. It's not bad for |
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| 78:24 | . It just it the way that improves your body is very very |
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| 78:28 | Okay, It increases aerobic capacity of muscles. So what that means is |
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| 78:34 | that your performance at the same intensity with less effort. All right. |
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| 78:40 | , when it used to be hard you to walk up the stairs, |
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| 78:43 | know, you stop halfway and you're you can now walk up the stairs |
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| 78:48 | a problem. That's what we're less effort. Alright, Same |
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| 78:54 | Similarly, you can increase your aerobic . That means if you're like thinking |
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| 78:58 | terms of like running a race, I run a mile and it takes |
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| 79:01 | 15 minutes now I can run that and I can do it in 10 |
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| 79:05 | . That's another example. So it your endurance, increases the size of |
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| 79:11 | one. My muscles, but not same degree that you see in the |
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| 79:15 | two, which is why you see very, very healthy people here not |
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| 79:20 | all bulked out like we saw over . All right. But also what |
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| 79:26 | does. It makes blood much quicker those tissues. So what we're gonna |
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| 79:30 | is we're gonna increase capillaries. We're to increase the number of mitochondria. |
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| 79:34 | that we can go through that oxidative relation. In other words, we're |
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| 79:37 | provide the conduit through which to deliver fuel so that the muscles work at |
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| 79:41 | efficiency that we need them to. that's where the endurance comes from. |
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| 79:52 | . Right. So, what it's is improving those type one muscles. |
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| 79:55 | type two muscles aren't being worked out the same Right now. It doesn't |
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| 79:59 | now, remember, I want to 100% clear here. If you work |
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| 80:03 | one way over the other, that mean you're not being healthy. It's |
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| 80:07 | like, for example, if you to at my age, it's always |
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| 80:10 | losing weight and looking better. But if that's what you're trying to |
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| 80:14 | , weight training and sprinting is better aerobic exercises, because what happens is |
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| 80:19 | plateau and in essence, you are aerobic power, but you're not increasing |
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| 80:26 | hypertrophy. I want to share the slide because this is how we most |
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| 80:31 | our lives is in a state of . Go couch, potatoes. All |
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| 80:39 | . So, sedentary activity, your muscles are going to grow to |
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| 80:45 | the needs that the body is That's that's in essence what what weight |
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| 80:50 | and all this stuff is is basically , this is the stuff that I'm |
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| 80:53 | doing. If you had to pick 500 or £50 bags of fertilizer all |
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| 80:58 | long. Trust me, your muscles gonna grow as you pick up the |
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| 81:02 | bags of fertilizer. But if you on the sofa all day long, |
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| 81:05 | body's saying I'm not moving around. don't need these muscles. I'm gonna |
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| 81:08 | send that energy someplace else. And that's what's gonna happen is you're gonna |
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| 81:12 | atrophy of the muscle. Now, not gonna see real obvious. I |
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| 81:17 | , you can look at your body go, yeah, I'm out of |
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| 81:19 | . You'll do this about every other of your life once you get |
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| 81:22 | Alright. This is a really good though. This is a woman who |
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| 81:27 | in a cast. You can see , look at that muscle relatives over |
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| 81:33 | . Not using the muscle cast is the muscles of the muscle shrinks even |
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| 81:39 | the other leg is just fine. that's atrophy. So, it's a |
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| 81:44 | of muscle tone, muscle size and power. Now, this is reversible |
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| 81:50 | the most part. But at some , if you have muscle fibers that |
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| 81:55 | , they can't be replaced. And just again to reinforce this idea that |
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| 82:00 | you work out, you're not making muscle cells, you're making bigger muscle |
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| 82:05 | . All right. So, when lose the muscle cells, it's gone |
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| 82:09 | good. Kind of like when you a neuron it's gone for good. |
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| 82:13 | right. And that's where we're ending . How did I do did I |
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| 82:17 | up on time. Where's that Yeah, a little bit early. |
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| 82:25 | don't know. Maybe three minutes I don't know. Yeah. Alright |
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| 82:29 | , looks like it's sunny outside My A students. Alright, y'all |
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| 82:38 | have a good day. I'll see on Tuesday or |
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