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00:05 | All right, So, what you're at up here is the distribution for |
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00:08 | first exam. Average was a which was better than last year. |
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00:18 | , I mean, it's we're gonna about it, but um you can |
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00:23 | it's actually a very nice earthward Last year we had this kind of |
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00:28 | fish tale that was going on. again, this probably has to do |
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00:32 | 2.5 years of peace. I'm learning study, not study, you |
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00:45 | last two years, we'll get him eventually. Maybe. Alright, the |
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00:52 | grade was the 96. Low grade 20 medium grade sits very, very |
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00:56 | to the average, which is a thing. We don't want it to |
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00:59 | one way or the other. Standard . Just kind of means it spreads |
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01:02 | . So, we kind of want have tight standard deviation. But this |
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01:07 | just one example. We don't care examples over there. Okay, I |
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01:11 | how I did look at how your . Okay, you better you |
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01:19 | It could be worse. Right? , you look at that that that |
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01:24 | be your frame of records here. is not an english class. Where |
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01:33 | you're competing against everybody. So, want to be better? Well, |
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01:40 | actually care the thing we need to ourselves with because this is a representation |
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01:48 | the overall great that it has in class. Now notice how much of |
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01:53 | class have we finished so far a . So, we have records three |
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02:00 | . We have a lot of class front of us. So, after |
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02:03 | first Oh no, my dream of a blank are ruined. I will |
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02:10 | become that. Oh no, I go to law school now. Is |
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02:15 | where you get now? So what do is we look at this and |
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02:24 | all right, where do I stand this group? This is a |
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02:29 | I had to give you a greater and go on. This is what |
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02:34 | the rain is around the nineties. rain starts around 78. C. |
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02:38 | starts around 54 50 in my And so you can see here we've |
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02:43 | these cohorts in here, we'll do . But basically, if you find |
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02:47 | , you said, okay, I do them have to figure out what |
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02:50 | my grades are and stuff. I figure out where I sit on the |
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02:54 | and if you're down here in this , you can bring yourself up. |
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02:58 | you're down here in this rain, can bring yourself up because you still |
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03:01 | so much more of the class to . And part of this is is |
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03:05 | rid of bad habits and bad study . Starting to learn and say, |
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03:11 | , I want to learn this because have a long term goal. My |
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03:16 | is to become a black. Mhm . Alright, That's A Good |
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03:27 | She's not a bad All right. what you gonna say, look, |
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03:32 | got to give us some uh some habits. I want to lose |
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03:38 | Stop eating french fries. Not We want X surprise, right? |
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03:51 | I want to become stronger. I have to go and actually |
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03:55 | Can't wait for that fill. You heard about the pill in Japan, |
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04:00 | know about this. Researchers in Japan created a pill that mimics exercising and |
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04:07 | it doesn't about muscles. Oh right. We can't wait for |
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04:16 | We have to go and do this . Part of this part of this |
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04:19 | being in class is learning how to us get past that discomfort of learning |
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04:27 | it's not fun. It's not fun me like to sit down and learn |
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04:30 | , right? It takes time and . And you know that plenty of |
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04:35 | more fun things to do in You know, like watching Youtube, |
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04:41 | things don't watch that again. So let's let me just sit. |
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04:46 | these things right here, these are probably have dropped the class and haven't |
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04:51 | dropped the right, you know, and just disappear. You take the |
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04:59 | . And so that's what that circle represents. This idea represents. |
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05:05 | probably didn't do. There's a couple you still haven't got the top that |
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05:10 | still haven't bought it yet. So that's when you get to you hard |
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05:16 | the assignments helps you understand materials alright the rest of y'all. You |
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05:23 | if you're here, you don't wanna here, You want to be |
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05:25 | So you're here you don't want to there. So I want to figure |
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05:29 | and change how to stay. Alright remember what I said on the first |
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05:35 | of class I said you know we we all the remember this year it's |
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05:41 | be and at one point different goal ? When we study the same way |
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05:51 | we always do we want to get from that we want to change our |
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05:55 | and it's gonna be uncomfortable beginning once start changing things because on Tuesday after |
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06:04 | I got to my office student Um So I mean I guess you |
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06:10 | test thursday so we get on Tuesday dr wayne. I'm not thinking that |
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06:18 | can show you the email. I'm in pharmacy. You know my name |
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06:26 | um Right I took you and I I still use your study that I |
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06:35 | to show you my notes for my they sent me 60 pages of uh |
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06:48 | it works. It's not good practices . This is where we are. |
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07:04 | pack. Are you panicking? Alright. Alright. Out there from |
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07:16 | heard Yeah. Alright you guys have get out more often start reading |
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07:27 | Okay. Right. Alright now I an email from a couple of people |
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07:38 | wayne. Dr wayne. I didn't about the I'm following this from the |
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07:44 | first lecture. Let's see what it right. two types first like this |
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07:55 | . Read too review right. If not doing those after lecture reviews, |
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08:03 | missing. I'm not opening up any assignments for you. Once we're done |
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08:09 | that. It's in the past like broken up girlfriend or boyfriend. You |
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08:14 | go back to go forward. You are not in the head. |
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08:19 | understand this? I mean there's always . I missed my six. |
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08:30 | let's do a little bit of What's the total points for? |
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08:36 | Okay. So let's just we're gonna some simple math. If there's two |
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08:40 | . How much is the first? much? 5%. Okay. We |
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08:47 | 24 classes each. So 24 divided four units. How many per unit |
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08:55 | . But there's four units will take divided by four. How much is |
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09:00 | ? One point? You're fine. , if you missed those review |
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09:06 | how many points you missed your final ? 1.2. 5 points. |
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09:19 | All right. How can you make extra credit. I mean, come |
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09:26 | . I'm giving you double points just they All right. So today is |
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09:32 | today. We worry about today is day we look forward and not missing |
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09:41 | . So, we talked about No. Give the lecture reviews confused |
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09:46 | the end of chapter review. Huh? The very last day of |
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09:55 | right before the exam. If you extra questions to practice. Alright. |
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10:00 | have both and review their names. this one is lecture review, they |
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10:05 | up after class at 10 o'clock every the chapter reviews the ones that deals |
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10:10 | with the chapters are gonna be at end of the So if you've missed |
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10:17 | and I've got we've got to move . You get stuck on this. |
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10:23 | not gonna we got to move Don't worry about points here. There |
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10:28 | a point. Don't have a these help you learn the material. Don't |
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10:45 | . Don't pay very horrible story. exam as professor who didn't believe in |
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10:55 | credit. You know, you have draw molecules and one exam and had |
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11:03 | average of 30 one of my release is here. I'm still for the |
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11:10 | of the in science. We don't about the numbers. You worry about |
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11:16 | we sit. Okay. If you're happy with the economy, you have |
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11:23 | study that. Today. We're gonna reel. You know, you're me |
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11:33 | he's contemplating law school law schools. more fun. You got to read |
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11:38 | whole bunch of stuff and make up that go wrong. All right. |
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11:45 | right. Questions I saw equal. is just an environment if it includes |
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11:55 | book. Right? And while you're there's questions that are there, |
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11:59 | And then at the end you open after class, you'll see another one |
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12:02 | this little assignment class. You'll see review reading reading things that you're gonna |
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12:09 | doing. And then at the end the year you'll see a whole bunch |
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12:12 | reviews pop up? Especially this year we're gonna cover three. Yeah. |
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12:19 | this time we're gonna now that sounds a lot, but just there's not |
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12:25 | lot. So Yeah. No, one of that connect, remember is |
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12:32 | different product, different publisher, bunch practice problems. When will that open |
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12:42 | ? Alright, That's actually a good . Thank you for reminding. All |
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12:45 | . So, I'm gonna go back I'm gonna show you here real |
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12:50 | Remember this? This little thing right should be right here. So, |
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12:55 | have 10 exams missing. Alright, you count those out there? Probably |
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13:01 | ? Five there? So they probably for those 10. Alright. I |
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13:06 | I have to make up exams that in products. Alright. But typically |
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13:12 | about a week from the exams thursday for me to flesh out what |
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13:18 | missing exams are. And so once examples taken that 20th. All |
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13:24 | But it's not a one night It's like a week long thing. |
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13:28 | so if I have to open up , I extend it on the other |
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13:31 | because I want to have an opportunity the purpose of this extra credit. |
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13:34 | are just self assessed asked the question , how did I do did I |
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13:39 | the grade that I wanted? Why I not get the grade that I |
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13:43 | or why did you know? what I do? How do I make |
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13:48 | in modification? So the point is every time you take an exam you |
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13:53 | be asking am I prepared for the ? And then the second question should |
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13:57 | asked after is okay. I thought was prepared or maybe it wasn't what |
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14:03 | I do differently to get the grade ? Actually see? And that should |
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14:06 | a natural practice. But you'd be that these students actually do that. |
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14:10 | this is one giving no no no is the exam. Like I said |
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14:18 | that's 80% of your grade. And what this is saying is do the |
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14:22 | . I told you how to Right? So if you I'm just |
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14:25 | make our math math really really Okay. Just so we can play |
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14:29 | say you did perfect on the top perfect on the connect right? And |
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14:32 | let's say you got a 60 on test right? So 60 times 80% |
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14:37 | 48 points plus 10 plus 10 is point. So you'd be sitting someplace |
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14:43 | about there. Right? So where you be you'd be on the top |
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14:48 | of the C. Range and if did your extra credit which we don't |
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14:52 | included C then you can imagine I'll my other five points put myself up |
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14:56 | I'm probably up in this range right . So I'm just that's just easy |
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15:00 | . So the idea here you have don't try blackboard for your grades. |
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15:05 | hear me say that? Did I on the first day of class? |
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15:09 | reiterate that the orientation quiz. Your own math. Alright. I |
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15:16 | . I told you to calculate and what you need to do is just |
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15:19 | of say what did I do on test? How am I doing on |
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15:21 | homework? Use those two things mathematically figure out where you sit. Hey |
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15:29 | he's not right. Yeah. Uh soon as everybody's done taking exams, |
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15:42 | comfortable, I don't want that right? Because we don't want to |
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15:45 | the people an unfair advantage doing if each other for their grades. That's |
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15:51 | curve is. Yeah, we don't to. So probably row o bodies |
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16:23 | the family normally work and we feel all right, you can imagine that |
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16:28 | are on the table and the first you're going to deal with things on |
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16:32 | outside. That's the table. So integer mint is the skin and it's |
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16:39 | the only thing that means in real speaking, developmentally speaking, they all |
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16:44 | from the same source. All So we're gonna look at a couple |
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16:47 | things today. We're gonna look at . We're gonna look at hair, |
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16:50 | gonna look at nails, right? we'll be looking plans altogether. All |
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16:59 | . So the skin has two main and I'm just gonna point this at |
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17:04 | We're looking at things. Something is differently than something else. There's a |
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17:08 | for that. So, you should start pointing that out. So, |
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17:11 | can see here we have two main . Means they're different from each |
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17:17 | Alright. And relying on them is is called the Which really isn't part |
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17:22 | the skin, but because we have better place to put on me |
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17:24 | Just kind of included on here. can see the name below the where |
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17:31 | sitting is like this. We have layer. When I was in grade |
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17:39 | . We used to have a Alright. Just Yeah. So, |
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17:49 | just your skin. All right. is your outermost layer is composed of |
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17:53 | epithelium. So, that started trigger couple of ideas about what this should |
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17:57 | looking like. You is a vascular blood vessels and its job is that |
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18:01 | protects everything below and underneath the So, cartoon here, This is |
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18:09 | is our epidermal. So everything under that would be down below the layer |
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18:15 | that So the has a blood vessel on the nerve. It has uh |
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18:21 | made of connective tissue. Ilium is provides the strength to the upper layer |
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18:28 | in place. Now here, you'll see muscles. The smooth muscles are |
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18:33 | be associated with hair follicles will build . And this is where the majority |
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18:39 | the nerve fibers are gonna be So, we think that the |
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18:43 | Were thinking, not many nerves we're , but no blood vessels. So |
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18:51 | here's where the blood vessels and just as sub Q. That layers layers |
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19:03 | primarily issue. It is the thing which everything anchor. This is usually |
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19:10 | part where I actually you already hunter I don't use that hunter. And |
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19:14 | never seen an animal when you take that skin, what you see is |
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19:23 | remaining surrounding the connective tissue that holds muscles in place. Now your mother |
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19:33 | you want to experience this. Go to your local grocery store and five |
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19:38 | chicken. Right with the And what sitting on now? This serves as |
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19:52 | shock absorber. Imagine a whole bunch back there that does a really good |
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19:58 | about those things. So this is of a big list of functions of |
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20:04 | And so it's really easy to think as being protective. And that's a |
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20:10 | it's a chemical barrier radiation barrier. can think of all these things you |
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20:20 | no. Uh anyone ever dumped acid your body accidentally in the I've done |
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20:33 | derek acid hydrochloric acid drop things. horrible messes. And look still |
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20:39 | Right. Why? Because I've got chemical barrier on your body right |
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20:45 | Thousands upon thousands of organisms. Micro living on notice. They're not killing |
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20:52 | . Okay, it's a biological right? The temperature here is different |
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20:57 | the temperature inside your body. It's maintains a constant temperature of your body |
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21:03 | barrier when that sun hits you. basically serves as the way a lot |
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21:07 | UV radiation. We'll talk about how does. That last one up here |
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21:12 | a physical barrier. If I hope with a stick generally speaking, that |
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21:16 | go through you unless I put a of force the physical barrier. |
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21:22 | you do this all day long and can see I don't have this you |
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21:29 | here. Alright. It helps prevent loss. It's water resistant. Notice |
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21:33 | you go into a pool, you , well up like a balloon, |
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21:37 | the water out and keep the water . Remember how we said living things |
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21:45 | metabolic activity. Skin plays a major in maintaining the in your body. |
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21:53 | basically produces the whole bunch of other roles that will play that we're not |
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21:58 | go into. It plays the role secretion absorption in terms of creating waste |
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22:04 | the skin. And I mean I know. But come on, |
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22:10 | face it okay enough. You That saltiness is waste leaving your body |
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22:22 | water that they consulted their fury. thing that are being secreted also things |
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22:29 | actually get sort through things like lotions stuff that you put on your |
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22:34 | Anything that is fat soluble through that . There are community sized living within |
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22:43 | structure of the skin. We're gonna at one here in just a |
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22:46 | So it basically serves as that first , the pathogen that live on the |
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22:51 | of your body that can be found your external, in terms of the |
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22:56 | underlying, this plays a major role maintaining temperature. So it's a metabolic |
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23:01 | , right? It's because of the of those structures we've already looked at |
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23:05 | in terms of recognizing what's going on the environment, this is where you're |
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23:10 | see a series of nerve fibers. it plays a major role in sensory |
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23:15 | when people touch you or you're being by something, it's detecting what's going |
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23:21 | in trying to environment. So skin not just a barrier, it plays |
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23:27 | major role across a whole bunch of areas that we describe freeze in that |
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23:36 | . If you make yourselves in the , we're gonna focus first on the |
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23:40 | and we're gonna go to the so first two cells that were most interested |
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23:46 | are called the and are the most cell that you're gonna find when you |
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23:55 | at the skin, basically what you're at and you're looking at sides, |
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24:00 | called because they produce. And that's intermediate filament uh that uh is that |
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24:08 | talked about what it does. Is fair to provide strength to these cells |
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24:14 | that they serve as a physical Now these cells are connected to each |
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24:20 | by a series of described about the version, stuff like that, it |
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24:26 | as a unit because of all the between the thousands upon thousands upon thousands |
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24:31 | cells that are there. Alright, are connected to surrounded the melanocytes are |
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24:40 | located. So here is the full down here this this light pink is |
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24:45 | be the Irma's and you can see this layer that is that base layer |
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24:51 | the epidermis and in that base layer where you're gonna find the milan |
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24:55 | And sites are few and far They're very very rare in skin color |
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25:02 | they're very as you see it's kind hard to kind of see the picture |
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25:10 | you can see that they kind of , push their these men drives through |
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25:15 | individual cells so you can hear the have all these extensions and those extensions |
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25:21 | like pushing up in between the cells it's through these extensions that Melanie is |
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25:26 | released. So the produced melanin and melanin is produced in response to UV |
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25:33 | to protect the because melanin melanin is up by the site and basically used |
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25:40 | kind of an umbrella to protect their from UV damage. And so the |
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25:47 | important in protecting our sites from See this a little bit later. |
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26:03 | is a stratified squamous epithelium. You why we learn these words feeling so |
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26:13 | , you should immediately think what this looks like. It has five |
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26:18 | Five layers are living on the three are living down below. We have |
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26:24 | that are not living up above. when we look at our skin we're |
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26:28 | at is we're looking at that Now if you spend any time out |
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26:32 | the center, if you have a of flaky skin, you kind of |
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26:35 | what that is. You can sit and go like this and you can |
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26:41 | so you're what you're pulling off their . But as you work downward living |
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26:48 | and the reason they're living because they're to the blood source that provides the |
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26:55 | . Now there's a name for five we're gonna go there and you can |
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27:00 | strategist means layer and then these are what do you think basil? |
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27:17 | Right, greatly a little bit This is which would be clear. |
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27:28 | finally for him corny. Not really , but like spicy. All |
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27:36 | More so than the Spinoza. So is the innermost layer. That's the |
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27:40 | layer and we're just gonna walk Alright, so when you're doing this |
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27:45 | , this is like oh each one different names. They must have different |
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27:49 | for a different purpose so that you think that you should be looking |
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27:53 | Right, So the layer is the layer is actually a single layer. |
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27:58 | can see it right here. It's single layer of cells that sits right |
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28:03 | the connective tissue of the All So if it's sitting on a technical |
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28:08 | that needs to train a basement right? So, it basically is |
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28:14 | dividing line. You can see that has an up and down motion. |
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28:19 | , what we call this are the ridges and the epidermal ridges create the |
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28:25 | that you're gonna see ultimately on the . And so when you look at |
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28:29 | , what you're looking at the function epidermal ridges that are sitting down deep |
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28:34 | the epidermis. Now, this is single layer. These are huge boil |
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28:39 | nature or from our nature because this part of a stratified layer. We |
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28:44 | really care about the shape because ultimately shape of their profit. We're going |
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28:49 | focus on now, we said So, if you look at |
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28:58 | they're all and every now and then might be this is where the will |
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29:04 | located when you are looking at Um or at the the next layer |
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29:17 | is many layers thick, uh in lot. So this is called It's |
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29:27 | Because these sites are basically cell. , it gives them kind of spiny |
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29:39 | . Now, if we went back looked at the picture right here, |
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29:48 | these sessions are terrorist actions to be at individual size. Right? Because |
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29:54 | can see the nuclear but you can't their membrane. If you are able |
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29:58 | apply the membrane and see that the kind of look like this as |
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30:04 | So, even though the cartoons doing poor job of demonstrating what we're looking |
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30:12 | just trust when you look in a and you're not gonna have to |
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30:18 | Oh yeah, that's what they Yeah. Down here in the valley |
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30:27 | have sides that are rapidly dividing when arrive into the Spinoza. Those that |
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30:37 | been created from that division have are to differentiate and differentiating in the cells |
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30:43 | don't divide. So basically you're producing down here in the But up here |
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30:49 | is your side of function alright. they differentiated and they're starting to produce |
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30:57 | and tons of character to help serve next layer up is a very very |
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31:09 | layer and this represents the last layer now. What's happening is is that |
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31:18 | you sell there are divided down here being pushed for that corny and I |
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31:27 | crystal up up and away and you be further further away from the vasculature |
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31:32 | sits underneath it. So imagine yourself pushed further and further away from |
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31:38 | What would happen start and died and kind of what's going on. But |
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31:43 | not just starving and dying as a of their differentiation and the lack of |
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31:48 | that they're able to do. They further and so they start producing a |
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31:53 | type of keratin called highland and if so they're kind of investable and these |
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32:02 | are viewable or you can see them the microscope, which is why they're |
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32:07 | that name brand clothes. Alright. we're differentiating. We're no longer needing |
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32:14 | nucleus but we're dying. We don't all these organelles were dying. So |
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32:18 | start shedding off with destroying these structures so you lose the organelles first pushed |
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32:26 | and eventually you're going to convert into last little memory and a bunch of |
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32:36 | this is the process of dying. won't be complete until you're up in |
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32:40 | last layer is the weird layer. . It's only present in thick |
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32:51 | We're gonna talk about a slide into slides, right? But this thing |
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32:57 | your hands back in your hands once on your feet therapy. And your |
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33:11 | . Yeah. Alright. Yeah, ears good. Uh um And so |
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33:27 | right. Now have it up here All right. So these thick layer |
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33:38 | protect against friction. So let's think what we do. We grip the |
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33:44 | with our feet. That doesn't feel that work here. But we do |
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33:48 | rip things with our And so I I can that one too. I've |
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33:57 | I've got right here. Right. when you think of that's that's what |
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34:03 | know what you have here is you these producing a unique type of |
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34:09 | Alright, specific in these locations to that barrier of protection, right? |
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34:15 | called a Leyden. So is reorganized what this does is alive and not |
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34:25 | is this sticker protective but it also a barrier. All right now it's |
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34:33 | easy to see on someone who's as skinned time indoors. But if you |
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34:38 | darker skin or if you go outside spend time out in the sun and |
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34:44 | you know you're light skinned like me top of your skin skin skin is |
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34:48 | darker but your palms are light. reason for that is because of that |
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34:55 | barrier. The alliance that's there. takes that UV and absorbs it before |
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34:59 | get down to the landside unnecessary. the melanin because there's no minister. |
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35:12 | . So at this point, you again we're further away. So at |
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35:15 | point ourselves kind of died there kind pancaking down. They've removed all the |
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35:20 | . So at this point you can consider the cell death. Alright. |
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35:24 | they're not found in the skin. finally we're gonna get that last |
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35:31 | that last layer of the Cornea. this is mostly thick and thin. |
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35:36 | is the outermost layer and it's very thick in terms of the number of |
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35:42 | layers to sell sitting in there for to 30 lots of things. |
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35:49 | so at this point, what's happened is that that cell has pressed |
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35:54 | it's squeezed all of his materials as the cytoplasm is gone. And so |
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35:59 | you're left with are the intermediate a plasma membrane flat or plasma membrane |
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36:07 | layer flat layer fat still attached to other uh scale like structures. And |
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36:22 | where the name comes from, It's very corny quantified as the word |
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36:28 | we that we use. And because have these layers of fat because you |
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36:34 | a protein one physical barrier from damage because there's fat water. So this |
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36:45 | why we have this kind of water . So again, relatively insisted the |
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36:57 | assault being natural organism. Environment. can crawl their way through. You |
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37:02 | actually cut a hole. So for , when you skin your knee, |
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37:06 | remove the probably get into your right? I can for all sorts |
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37:18 | horrible nasty things on the surface of skin and pretty much not damaged. |
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37:23 | not saying go test that because I'm you'll find something apartment. And |
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37:30 | physical assault against for those of you athletes. I want to commend the |
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37:38 | you know, volleyball players. Don't ever watched volleyball game? Never. |
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37:44 | a liberal. Yeah, she died face first into stuff. Yes, |
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37:53 | jumping and you see them they go across the board magazine. Yeah, |
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38:09 | problem. No big deal. Everyone has their little thing. But |
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38:16 | is cool, soft brian is is it's really, really hard. |
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38:25 | You have to have a lot of about the other points out real |
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38:35 | Again, thick skin five layers as strategy lucid um thin skin that's everywhere |
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38:42 | your body for the most part So there's four layers. Everybody has |
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38:48 | plans. But the thick skin, do not have hair follicles. You |
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38:52 | not have the thing about when you palms. That's a really really thin |
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38:59 | sweat. But think about that sticky sweat that you get everywhere else, |
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39:04 | here in Houston. Right? Because have some basis plans and we have |
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39:10 | different types of sweat glands with hair . What what So far it's pretty |
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39:27 | . five layers. Names Differences. we said that we have for |
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39:36 | So we have an immune inside that in our skin. It's called cell |
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39:41 | our little cartoon here it's the green macrophage. I would say it's a |
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39:49 | lazy sell because all it does is around the skin. But if you |
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39:53 | up the skin and tell you pathogens there and that's when you get the |
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40:01 | attack. Thinking about that when the get that localized edema that's a function |
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40:08 | recognizing those toxins and chemicals of mosquito past you and basically it tracks or |
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40:19 | other immune sites to come in. other thing that's capable of doing is |
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40:24 | there's damage, it will start uh eating the sales of the damage or |
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40:31 | other foreign material that happens to This is in the skin. I'd |
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40:40 | point out that in terms of protection surface is dry and hospital. Um |
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40:51 | of the reasons we are pretty well against viruses is that part of the |
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40:56 | in our sweat include I. A. Which is immunoglobulin. Um |
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41:01 | don't even know. Um But also bases in DNA. Which are in |
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41:07 | of breakdown RNA and DNA. And one of the natural things that we |
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41:12 | things that have already D. A. That are easily it was |
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41:23 | color of skin. So there are couple of different pigments in the body |
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41:30 | are responsible for skin color. We're focus on the main one here and |
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41:36 | one as well. But I mean in your in your blood that helps |
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41:40 | create color. But the primary uh that causes skin color changes is this |
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41:48 | called melanin. Now it's the only that's going to be made in this |
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41:53 | which is what we're focusing on. right. And we've already said. |
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41:57 | what we have we have these extensions is to make the melon and it |
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42:03 | it in response to you like. so there's different types of melanin is |
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42:09 | in the body. And so this genetically impairment. So darker pigments are |
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42:15 | a class of melanin called you Melanie pigments are from the class of pigment |
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42:20 | melanin. And so just depending on your genetic background is you're going to |
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42:25 | these different colored pigments. So like example if I go out the side |
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42:29 | for the most part I'm pretty pretty , right? If I go spend |
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42:33 | time on the sun, I'll get . Mhm. I was like |
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42:47 | But so what happened is my melanin going to produce a bunch of feel |
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42:55 | and I get that kind of that canyon. All right. You're dark |
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43:01 | already. You're producing you knowing and you have the sun in response to |
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43:07 | , like you're gonna produce more, know, which gives you that darker |
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43:13 | . Everyone has the same relative number milan aside. So that that differences |
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43:20 | color is a function of two things have a military producing. And how |
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43:27 | you? So we can take this sample from each of us and be |
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43:32 | , oh look, there's one for million but also get freckles, |
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43:47 | That's just local accumulation of. So kind of shows you kind of how |
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43:53 | going, how it works. So can see they're always producing moments. |
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43:58 | in the presence of sunlight because here's picks up the moment and absorb it |
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44:06 | places it on the sun side or typical side facing outward over the uh |
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44:14 | that no, is basically create an , definitely UV damage to D. |
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44:25 | . A. Can be catastrophic basically these horrible mutations in the means that |
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44:32 | replaced. And sometimes that results in mutation in which nucleotides you actually have |
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|
44:39 | . Alright, that's Milliman. Have ever watched you need to be familiar |
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|
44:47 | , remember snippy. Of course you're quiet. She's an orange. He's |
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44:57 | . Yeah, looks like a so why, why is she, |
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45:06 | is she that? She is the is because she is an artificial |
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45:11 | Alright, you've probably seen these artificial , basically rubbing your skin. And |
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45:19 | it is is basically a fact valuable , fat, fat and in it |
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45:28 | a pigment called All right now, place where we can get naturally is |
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45:37 | will accumulate in your body. And happens is the keratin in the uh |
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45:44 | the uh you know the tanning lotion you get absorbed in the skin and |
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45:52 | it is in there and basically that shows off that. So you can |
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46:00 | of see if you see someone walking , they have really, really |
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46:04 | you know, kind of skin like you go. Big one million. |
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46:17 | the key thing is just understanding world in the epidermis, we do |
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46:29 | two types of fibers that we need be aware of. The first is |
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46:33 | also called it's located in the and picture doesn't do justice. But I |
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46:42 | you to imagine there's a single cell that kind of mythology is kind of |
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46:46 | a character like that would be the cells and then usually associated with free |
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46:53 | ending. And that's what you're seeing these these structures out here coming |
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46:58 | those are free nerve endings. The endings, every nerve ending. And |
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47:01 | that communication free nerve endings to tell when you're being touched. Alright, |
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47:07 | this deals primarily with the question of touch. And so when I feel |
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47:14 | on the surface, they're all over place. Um You can see here |
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47:20 | have one that's penetrated the uh right here, close to the surface. |
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47:24 | response for different types of sensations of sensation of pain or the perception of |
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47:30 | . Uh exception of pickling, which a form of life fetch uh itching |
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47:35 | is a presence of chemical stimulation. that's usually what we refer to. |
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47:42 | just any like think about it like , which is really like when you |
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47:47 | a mosquito bite, why you're itching there's a chemical in the skin already |
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47:52 | you telling, you know this shouldn't here. All right. At least |
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47:58 | the basic types of american. And get into this a little bit more |
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48:06 | I want to understand where they I think that's the last thing said |
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48:13 | D. If all you're doing in life is going from your dorm room |
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48:18 | your classroom back again. Stop doing . Yeah. Go ahead questions. |
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48:29 | . Well, so what you're doing you're damaging the skin and causing the |
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48:34 | I don't want to see it drying . That's not the case. I'm |
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48:37 | picturing right now. There's me or woman who has an addiction of |
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48:46 | but what you're doing is is you constantly assaulting the skin for the production |
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48:52 | that amount. And that's the darkening . But then you're also I wanna |
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48:56 | you drawing out, okay, what doing is it's this constant involved. |
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49:01 | this innovation different. Is there fat ? So, so you can feel |
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49:11 | like this, remember what cell is membrane, right? And the membrane |
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49:16 | a layer of fat, right? then within that cell then you have |
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49:20 | stuff. And so when that sell down and squeezing our which you're left |
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49:26 | this plasma membrane and that carrot in you've already produced. Right? So |
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49:31 | have intermediate element which is strength and you have layer of fat, which |
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|
49:35 | fatty stuff, which is what But it's like coding something. Why |
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49:46 | you driving at? Not necessarily. just trying to think about some of |
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49:52 | things that when I want when I out of the can do the same |
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49:56 | happened, my skin dries out. probably just a function of um actually |
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50:02 | ourselves faster than trying to any other . Mhm. So, I don't |
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50:25 | what the cause of that is. mean in terms of why does |
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50:29 | But again, it's gonna be the or philosophy. Uh So the idea |
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50:35 | is, remember you're dealing with that Michael Jackson, Michael Jackson struggle with |
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50:44 | we have a massive patches of skin turns very, very light and basically |
|
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50:49 | was basically either loss of the last the loss of the last time |
|
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50:53 | And so, remember shows kind of reach yourself because Mhm. What? |
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51:16 | dark, dark moments. No, trying to take care. So, |
|
|
51:26 | , it was always police, police. But again, hair is |
|
|
51:30 | little bit unique. It's gonna be balance than they're those kinds of |
|
|
51:37 | So, but it's probably a production that different because my arm here. |
|
|
51:44 | right, that's great. Sad. right. Finally, you need |
|
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51:59 | basically what you do is you're gonna cholesterol, cholesterol gets converted in the |
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|
52:04 | gets modified and liver modified activity will get down to the active form of |
|
|
52:10 | counsel trials B vitamin B that we're interested in. I always work in |
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|
52:18 | lab. I grew up in el I was doing, working in the |
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52:23 | , there's you know, I just uh and so I would do an |
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52:32 | and I said, well, I'm go make de and he would be |
|
|
52:38 | , so I could, you come on. And I knew the |
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52:41 | where they had actually placed So out guys underneath the point is uh you |
|
|
52:58 | you need vitamin D. In your that actually there's a high correlation to |
|
|
53:02 | and levels in the body. Make you get outside and and stuff. |
|
|
53:09 | the reason that's important is that it to increase the intestinal absorption basically makes |
|
|
53:16 | bone strong Very important prospects important in of energy. And so it's just |
|
|
53:24 | of these chemical that you desperately need stay healthy. And again it's all |
|
|
53:31 | made or started. You can actually vitamin D. Three and it's an |
|
|
53:36 | form you know so we take vitamin . Three. Um You're basically getting |
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|
53:43 | inactive form. Um I don't know you're getting a dialogue. I think |
|
|
53:47 | getting this one barrel and it will processed into its active most stronger helps |
|
|
53:56 | absorb offer. Oh sorry what's that everything? There is a remember there |
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|
54:11 | actually a paper roll recently but I right now where if you look at |
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|
54:19 | population The average person actually has I think even when patient majority people |
|
|
54:30 | dying struggle infections. Yeah it's correlation necessarily causation. So I would say |
|
|
54:45 | . Okay. Moving on to the , dermis is actually a little bit |
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|
54:50 | In the epidermis there's only two layers it. Um We have the layer |
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|
54:54 | nearest the epidermis called papillary layer Look below the layer, deeper stuff |
|
|
55:00 | called a particular layer. Alright so reason it's called papillary is because of |
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|
55:08 | shape particularly because of the presence of specific type of that's located. Now |
|
|
55:15 | we said is where we're gonna see lot of basketball chair. This is |
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|
55:18 | we'll see a lot of nerve is but basically you can think of as |
|
|
55:25 | means through which munis eyes travel um a role in body defense and moving |
|
|
55:33 | around the body. Right? So at the in this cartoon, you |
|
|
55:38 | kinda see they're trying to divide I don't think it's this clear. |
|
|
55:43 | really the papillary layer is this aerial ? It has these Papillion. What |
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|
55:49 | extensions that are in close association with ? Yeah, they're over. So |
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|
55:57 | way uh this way. And so is the reason why the are so |
|
|
56:05 | affiliated um here in these areas which not being drawn in this picture. |
|
|
56:12 | can imagine capillary lips moving up. see free nerve endings in this location |
|
|
56:17 | the epidermis. You'll also see um types of economic sectors that we're talking |
|
|
56:28 | . The reticulated layer is basically everything that. So, I'm just going |
|
|
56:32 | kind of create a line right there just say here, that would be |
|
|
56:37 | particular layer. So here we're gonna reticulated fibers. And what I want |
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|
56:44 | kind of point out is two So this right here represents cleavage |
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|
56:49 | This right here reflects, flex your . So, if you look in |
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|
56:54 | particular area, what you're gonna see you're gonna see a lot of collagen |
|
|
56:57 | running in more or less the same . All right. And so that's |
|
|
57:01 | this little math kind of shows you direction which college in that. Uh |
|
|
57:06 | ? The cleavage lines actually show you help surgeons for example know which way |
|
|
57:12 | cuts. So if you know which of the body looking at you, |
|
|
57:15 | want to make the slide along the length as the collagen fibers. Because |
|
|
57:20 | creates a wound. And easier feel I go perpendicular to that line, |
|
|
57:25 | the or the cleavage line pull and the wound harder to seal back. |
|
|
57:32 | this is kind of unique arrangement of fibers that is beneficial to our understanding |
|
|
57:40 | how to do surgery. Um So vascular lies lots of nerve fibers. |
|
|
57:47 | blood vessels are coming up closer that can provide the nutrients um to the |
|
|
57:52 | levels or to the epidermis. This also the way that we regulate body |
|
|
57:57 | . So when we get hot we the blood vessels, more blood to |
|
|
58:01 | surface. That blood is primarily water heat with it that he gets transferred |
|
|
58:07 | to the surface and then uh look that sweat is produced. So the |
|
|
58:11 | is transferred to the fluid and sweat evaporating cold basically, basically constrict blood |
|
|
58:20 | resurfaced so that he stays uh more . And then we have flex your |
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|
58:26 | . If you want to flex your one into your hands. The lines |
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|
58:30 | your hands. You can see when , when you bend your hand, |
|
|
58:34 | the skin folds itself in a specific that's just gonna flop wherever it goes |
|
|
58:39 | that helps control um uh You know grip and be able to grab |
|
|
58:45 | So you're not fighting injured. And reason that there's if I anchored to |
|
|
58:54 | the skin to pull. All So, these are the three different |
|
|
59:05 | I want to be aware of. , they're named after people discover. |
|
|
59:11 | we're gonna do the cheap and easy right now, when we get to |
|
|
59:14 | about sensory receptor and we'll talk about the morning, notice their locations. |
|
|
59:19 | right. So, we got miners Ruffini miners, miners is up here |
|
|
59:25 | the papillary layer. Rufin eases kind sitting in the middle and then down |
|
|
59:30 | that's Pacini in um And they played roles in terms of the type of |
|
|
59:36 | we're trying to So, if I'm near the surface, I'm obviously gonna |
|
|
59:40 | detecting things that are very light, gonna be penetrating. Very All |
|
|
59:46 | So, we did primary light touch and vibration. Easy way to see |
|
|
59:50 | . Take your hand And you feel touching the desk, You feel the |
|
|
59:58 | of the desk when you wrote. what that's what misers is doing. |
|
|
60:02 | basically allows you to know things that like touching, You can feel the |
|
|
60:07 | , that movement to vibrate going The this is gonna be deep |
|
|
60:14 | So, when you want something is deep into the skin hard in the |
|
|
60:19 | . That's what Yeah. And then in the middle of the fees when |
|
|
60:25 | manipulating the surface. I mean the of the skin. So like twisting |
|
|
60:31 | the, that would be with uh we're just gonna keep it simple for |
|
|
60:39 | now. So my appears on the of on the bottom says like versus |
|
|
60:44 | and then is in the middle that of shape. Alright, skin |
|
|
60:55 | Here's hair, here's everything here is is kind of downhill landing the plane |
|
|
61:06 | stuff. So hair is very similar in terms of structure, it is |
|
|
61:14 | keratin. The difference is is a type of keratin that produced in the |
|
|
61:19 | follicle, which is an imagination of epithelium or the layers into the connective |
|
|
61:26 | . Alright, hair is much more , much more durable than the cells |
|
|
61:32 | make up your skin and when you at the hair or the cells you |
|
|
61:37 | kind of see that they're arranged in very different way. And so instead |
|
|
61:40 | them flaking off or sloughing off the structure leaves as a unit. So |
|
|
61:49 | , we have different functions. Um picture. It's a picture. Um |
|
|
62:01 | , so just think in terms of is here serves as protection alright here |
|
|
62:05 | the up on the top that's protected sunlight. Um You've ever gotten a |
|
|
62:12 | by being outside through your hair. went to concert a long, long |
|
|
62:18 | like second life. Um And we up at six a.m. This is an |
|
|
62:25 | event. We basically drank all day . So we became horribly dehydrated and |
|
|
62:30 | around six o'clock in the afternoon when started. And so we went to |
|
|
62:35 | concert by then sunburn. Look my I got right, there is nothing |
|
|
62:47 | ? Um You probably notice your old people like me, we have |
|
|
62:52 | of nose here. This helps attract , there's hair in your ear, |
|
|
62:57 | attract trap things in your ears as on your eyes. This is an |
|
|
63:01 | one if your eyebrows and the shape the eyebrow knows how has this kind |
|
|
63:05 | peak shape and what it does is act natural. Um Headband Sweat one |
|
|
63:12 | . That's what comes down hits that in your eyebrow directs the water towards |
|
|
63:18 | midline or out towards the lateral So your sweat goes away from your |
|
|
63:23 | instead of your plays the role of retention. This is uh said Inspector |
|
|
63:32 | Specter Specter was the uh engineer who create the people's sound and he was |
|
|
63:40 | insane. And this is a picture him at trial for uh threatening to |
|
|
63:46 | somebody, right? Yeah. I . Uh his client was, What |
|
|
63:52 | you think? Yeah, aesthetically um hair wasn't this bad, it's actually |
|
|
63:59 | lot more, but he showed up this this after they never had. |
|
|
64:03 | so it was like but he didn't know you want to go read the |
|
|
64:07 | about it's crazy, but you can again. Yeah woman um understand. |
|
|
64:18 | can feel it dance When I was younger. About 6th grade girls houses |
|
|
64:27 | the 80s. So they're still shag . Alright. Sitting there watching a |
|
|
64:31 | with her tv show. Yeah. . That's how I feel what they're |
|
|
64:55 | to anyway. So again, how I know it's there? Yeah. |
|
|
65:02 | Visual identification knows how people get their change. Really hard to recognize wow |
|
|
65:07 | look different. Alright. We identify by their hair. It helps us |
|
|
65:13 | determine age as well as sex for most part. Right? You can |
|
|
65:18 | look at somebody said that is a hairstyle or a female hairstyle. It |
|
|
65:24 | one of the ways that we Um It also serves as a way |
|
|
65:30 | disperse uh pheromones specific specifically actually regions both pubic regions. Um So it |
|
|
65:39 | a multifunctional structure. What in terms the structure we're gonna again, real |
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65:49 | . The portion that sits above the is called the shaft. Anything below |
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65:52 | skin is referred to as the root the very bottom of the route you |
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65:57 | see here which is long up This is what is called the |
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66:00 | Within the bulb. We have a bunch of dead cells. But there |
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66:04 | a region that it sits on top . So you can see here this |
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66:08 | pink that's epidermis. This dark purple is connective tissue and it's this connective |
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66:16 | where you have blood vessels and This is referred to as the full |
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66:20 | sitting right above the papillon part of epidermis is the hair matrix. The |
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66:25 | is where you have the living cells are producing the cells that make up |
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66:30 | hair itself. So all this structure here is a function of cells divide |
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66:36 | . So matrix is like the and this stuff up here is like the |
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66:43 | layers of in that we looked at the end of term. Now again |
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66:49 | producing hard care 10 instead of the we see in the skin. So |
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66:53 | gives a very very different feature. that's where the blood vessels and the |
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67:00 | hair plexus. When you see the plexus, it's referring to a nerve |
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67:08 | . You wanna see it. Oh feel that I take a cross section |
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67:21 | the hair. You can see that have three different regions. The middle |
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67:25 | is where we're gonna have some air . Have software heritage. This is |
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67:30 | gives here is right. So it's just the stiff fighting stuff. We |
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67:37 | have a inner core that's a little soft. And then as we move |
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67:41 | , this is where we're gonna start these flatten layers, this is what |
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67:44 | cortex is. And when you get the very surface you'll see that physical |
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67:50 | of what those flattened cells look So the outer surface is referred to |
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67:54 | the cuticle. So maduro is on middle or on the inside the |
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67:59 | like the outer portion is called the and the absolute outer surface is the |
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68:07 | , the cortex looks like the but it's just not on the |
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68:11 | Yeah, just so that you can what this looks like. It's a |
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68:15 | . So here's one cell, the cell sits on top of it like |
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68:20 | , like that. That's why they flick off. So when you take |
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68:24 | hair fiber, you can break They don't just go you're just basically |
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68:30 | the inner cells from each other. you're just disassociating them from one |
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68:38 | The follicle, you know what I is a result of the imagination of |
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68:43 | field into the connective tissue. during development you have your epidermis, |
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68:48 | have your sermons. And what's happening is that it rose down with that |
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68:53 | we refer to the imagination. And what you have is you have a |
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68:57 | layer and then we'll have a connective that's on the outside. If you |
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69:01 | at the picture here, you can of see this. All right. |
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69:05 | , what's the pink portion? What we call that? This stuff? |
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69:09 | here. Say it again at the this yellow portion? What's the yellow |
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69:18 | ? And gamble at the very That's right. Find the one. |
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69:34 | , well, I'm not gonna be to point, you have to do |
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69:37 | like this. All right. if you look at that paint |
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69:42 | look at that portion. Uh that portion is epidermis and see how it |
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69:48 | pushed down where the hair is. see that in that picture very happy |
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70:07 | . Right? You can see gets down. So all that people, |
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70:12 | ? You see there is epidermis and sitting on the outside, so it's |
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70:18 | . So we have the connection just the other side of the back. |
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70:25 | wife this right here will be connected right here. That would be the |
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70:40 | . Alright, so associated with every cultural is director. So the erector |
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70:50 | , you can see right there. just trying to show you the possible |
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70:53 | . You can see what to And then when it relaxes it goes |
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71:03 | , where's your hair stand up, And Oh all right. I want |
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71:13 | to think of a cat. You're a cat. So, I was |
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71:16 | that. Right. So what happens you scared that what does it |
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71:22 | His hair stands up? So that's . You know that you just don't |
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71:31 | the hair to make yourself look And then of course, look at |
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71:37 | cat or a squirrel or a dog any other mantle when it's cold |
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71:41 | What do it fluffs up his And what it does is trapping heat |
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71:47 | , basically the air trapping the The heat in the body warms up |
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71:51 | air air then near the body keeps warm. So when you're cold, |
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71:56 | your body trying to do the same is trying to trap warm air next |
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72:01 | the body differences. You don't have ? It's just a uh a conserved |
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72:10 | conservative. So here grows in a . All you had to pull out |
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72:15 | each also is doing its own So we start off in the energetic |
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72:21 | . The energetic phase is simply that in which we're actually producing hair. |
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72:25 | , hair is growing as blood spotted , active. And so it's producing |
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72:30 | and then it goes through this period in activities, so it's becoming uh |
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72:36 | , it's no longer growing. And finally it basically uh gets pushed out |
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72:42 | becomes inactive. And so it gets out again being the energetic phase. |
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72:46 | , that's when the hair falls So if you're ever looking in your |
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72:49 | all the hair that time in the , like my hair is falling |
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72:52 | that's normal, right? What you're for is the abnormal hair falling out |
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72:57 | you like your hair and you get to the hair. That's when |
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73:04 | All right. So there's this natural of we have different types when you're |
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73:13 | development from the first hair on your . So when you're born basically replaced |
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73:28 | this next next group of hair, is Bella's hair. Now, |
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73:32 | your bells here is more apparent than . Alright then. Really light hair |
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73:38 | on your body. very soft, right. Like on me, I |
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73:44 | you have probably Bella's hair probably Alright, I look from my |
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73:50 | away from a natural road, there be Bella's here. So, here |
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73:57 | see on babies, right? I I don't know, I mean, |
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74:11 | know when you're talking to hispanic you know, there is, who |
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74:17 | ? I'm just thinking, I'm think all my friends when their babies are |
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74:21 | and they're just dark black, thick . Right? Yeah. So, |
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74:27 | the really the better stuff is think when your baby and you can see |
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74:31 | software that's on their faces, its , it's everywhere that you go out |
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74:36 | and it literally falls out in a and it gets replaced very, very |
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74:42 | by that. But the hair on head is more of a different type |
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74:47 | hair. It's this type of As far as the hard one, |
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74:52 | kind of like and yes, say . Yeah, that's a that's a |
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75:03 | way to think about it. But I hesitate to say peach fuzz because |
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75:07 | fuzz has a specific connotation, especially adolescents, like young men have peach |
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75:13 | on their face, right? But terminal hair growing in, right? |
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75:17 | you can think of it as the that's generally there all the time. |
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75:23 | ? So terminal hair? Is that hair and again, it doesn't matter |
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75:27 | color, it's why do we have ? That's just that's just the first |
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75:37 | here. So all mammals go through three stages. So even whales are |
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75:46 | then they lose that hair um you , right before birth. Just just |
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75:53 | stage group. All right, this is what you're most familiar |
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75:56 | So, that's the hair on your . That's actually hair, pubic |
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75:59 | face, and chest, and adult . So, you can kind of |
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76:02 | here where even down here on your , this is gonna be the hair |
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76:06 | is dependent on nutrition and hormones. , you want to just think about |
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76:12 | and head butt, basically all here your body for the most part is |
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76:18 | . Except that light the peach fuzzy , this is on your body. |
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76:24 | , that primary. All right. In terms of hair, uh some |
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76:35 | you have this nice long straight Some have kinky hair. Some have |
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76:39 | kind of wavy hair. It's all of the actual shape of the hair |
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76:43 | . So, if you look at hair and the microscope, you see |
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76:47 | when you have like this kinky then the hair follicles are like |
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76:52 | they're flat and elongate, Right? if you have oval hair, so |
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76:59 | shape it's going to result in a of waiting there. Whereas if you |
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77:04 | round hair all around business. my hair break fish. Right? |
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77:12 | , I probably have right here. this came up many times in |
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77:19 | Like what, what hair color? ? So you're that you have. |
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77:28 | , what about And you know, have we have a great variety of |
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77:32 | color. Mhm. Just look at uh and so forth. What a |
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77:43 | hair. What about hair? So guys are probably familiar with here? |
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77:52 | grew up with the money like Right. And why? Why they're |
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77:57 | men? Well, it's a function the no longer or are no longer |
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78:02 | melanin. So, I Oh my and pepper hair not blond here |
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78:10 | Because I have to miss Melanie This all I'm gonna end with |
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78:21 | And then you guys can we'll deal glands. Uh All right, so |
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78:32 | are being made of, you have do that. Uh They help you |
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78:38 | protect the ends of your business. . Have you guys ever female? |
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78:46 | lot of fun. So basically it's to protect the ends. Right? |
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78:53 | . There are three parts I want to know. All right. The |
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78:56 | part is called the plate. The plate is the thing when you look |
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79:00 | the that's what you call that That underlies that is the nail |
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79:04 | So the plate sits on the Alright, But the nail grows which |
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79:09 | this direction or that direction because Right, So the matrix sits over |
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79:16 | . That's where it's being developed. a matrix. The matrix pushes the |
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79:22 | forward on top of the bed. right, so there's three different part |
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79:27 | for giggles. Little white part right . That's called to and then the |
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79:33 | is the portion of the towards the and that's basically protecting the major just |
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79:40 | second later. Alright, so that be the beautiful, right there. |
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79:45 | is not right. So, this called the Beautiful, also called the |
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79:51 | if you want to know what happens you get underneath that nail and poke |
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79:54 | right there. That's the hypothermic. right. Alright. We'll come |
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79:59 | We'll deal with plans. Well, the uh the other class come on |
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5999:59 | |
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