| 00:07 | I got one, Kelly. I a Taylor. I can't see anybody |
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| 00:16 | . And Carlos, here we I got 123, I got 10 |
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| 00:34 | . 123456. So said he will late but there's how many in the |
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| 00:46 | ? 1415? Oh, thank Does anybody in our far a audience |
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| 01:03 | any questions of me before 12 will 10 all I would require outside five |
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| 01:12 | . Here we have eight 2469 Ok. 10. Ok. Let |
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| 01:23 | get rid of this right here. ok, let's see. The first |
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| 01:58 | I gotta do is uh call and said, yeah, you can share |
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| 02:19 | on Zoom, click the window window, the button and select and |
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| 02:28 | can share it. Yeah, the , share screen screen to straight |
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| 02:51 | Ok. Can you see the screen ? Alrighty. Ok. Um I |
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| 03:15 | be talking about the quiz later today if anybody has any questions. And |
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| 03:28 | there any questions before that pertaining to material? Ok. Right. Chapter |
|
| 03:42 | Amplitude case histories. We've had several these case histories briefly described, so |
|
| 03:49 | don't have to go into detail on couple of them. But let's take |
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| 03:56 | look at lithology identification. Here's one the first early ones. It was |
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| 04:03 | early. I didn't have any slides it. I had the overhead |
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| 04:08 | Remember the overhead Jesus put down on big screen and lights up 8.5 by |
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| 04:15 | slides you call them. This was big domal shell mass. We had |
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| 04:20 | two D line going across and this the amplitude anomaly on the seismic |
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| 04:29 | And all I had was a legacy copy that was left and got a |
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| 04:38 | of it. And you could see bright sands looks like it must be |
|
| 04:45 | cluster three bright spot area. The was drilled and it had production in |
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| 04:51 | couple of places right here targeted just going into the shale dome. Now |
|
| 04:59 | something as easy to see as these three bright spots. The question |
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| 05:05 | what did they want? What they to know is, can we tell |
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| 05:10 | clean sin a very clean sand from a regular sand? Do we get |
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| 05:16 | quality of the sand? And so went ahead, gave it a |
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| 05:24 | And the first thing that we did we looked at the A vo response |
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| 05:29 | here and we generate it in normal times poons reflectivity. This is the |
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| 05:39 | attributes that once you're given a CD gather like this, you can generate |
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| 05:46 | which becomes a slope in one of three equations that I've showed you. |
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| 05:50 | the normal incidence would be the uh . The gamma is shown right beside |
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| 05:57 | . And, and it's kind of when you look at it, whenever |
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| 06:01 | had a nice sand sitting in you had these high amplitude sitting in |
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| 06:06 | and it sort of went on the and the bottom is where those high |
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| 06:12 | were. Here's one right here right between the gamma right there, there's |
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| 06:17 | high gamma. And then when you of had ratty sands in a little |
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| 06:22 | of sands in here, the shells basically kind of zero sitting in |
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| 06:28 | And then he had these a lot inter beds high high uh quality sense |
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| 06:35 | in there. Hm. And this the seismic section which is normal incidence |
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| 06:45 | Poisson's reflectivity generated from that seismic And of course, the very bright |
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| 06:56 | that we have is red. That be hard to cars. The, |
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| 07:00 | shell though mass is sitting right there we had an sp curve that went |
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| 07:08 | along the borehole trajectories. And you see this clean sand, it's probably |
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| 07:17 | coming up right in here, there's massive sand bed, you can see |
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| 07:22 | projected right there and then right some sand and you can see it |
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| 07:28 | soon. There's so much sand up . You get a whole bunch of |
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| 07:33 | events. Now, this lot of sitting in there. That's this sequence |
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| 07:41 | in here very nicely shell and probably done in here is what we're seeing |
|
| 07:47 | there. So it did a pretty job color code, color coding. |
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| 07:53 | , it was just basically zero to high amplitude and pretty consistent hydrocarbons sitting |
|
| 08:02 | . Now, that's, we know most likely hydro carbons also and along |
|
| 08:10 | to the side of the chill Oh How about those articles? It |
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| 08:17 | uh apply the principle of least astonishment I, I'd really be astonished if |
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| 08:22 | are hydrocarbon saturated sands sitting in that right there. So that, that |
|
| 08:33 | one mythology and fluid identification just by simple and I times pr class three |
|
| 08:42 | of environment and kind of searched what attributes might correspond to it. I |
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| 08:50 | the pr is a good indicator of . Here's another paper that published in |
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| 09:02 | 9, 2004 and numerous attributes sitting here and they were all filtered be |
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| 09:15 | be about the same bandwidth as the . So they have various attributes such |
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| 09:24 | amplitude of A and B, the in the slope. And that's Poisson's |
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| 09:31 | A I minus two si that's um Galloway's Landau and V PV S. |
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| 09:45 | course, that's another very close relationship poisons ratio and we look at |
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| 09:54 | here's the gamma unfiltered on the left side, but, and it represents |
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| 10:01 | shell volume and as we go we say which ones were good. |
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| 10:06 | ones are poor. Who showed a shell sitting in the hippus? Sand |
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| 10:12 | like a good sand. As, we go across here is Lamb |
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| 10:21 | Now, it kind of shows that there, it shows that sand |
|
| 10:28 | And what other word here is? that's pretty good. Funny. This |
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| 10:37 | and this sand, this is the volume itself. So if you take |
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| 10:45 | shield volume and you filter it, , I should point out this is |
|
| 10:49 | we're trying to match. You got pretty good match out of these, |
|
| 10:54 | , those three, the, the that if you took a single attribute |
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| 11:01 | itself, it didn't seem to get match. The single attributes didn't seem |
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| 11:08 | be as good as a match to shell volume as these multiple attributes. |
|
| 11:19 | they took the poison's reflectivity and plotted out in red and blue and then |
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| 11:28 | the gamma and pointed out that when look at the red hair that happens |
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| 11:37 | be a sand and it looks like not a proximate trying to approximate what |
|
| 11:44 | see in the game, right? a bet. So the two little |
|
| 11:51 | cases are the carbon zones are recognized amplitude anomalies on the stack section because |
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| 11:58 | is a class three, the amplitude N I times br differentiates lithology and |
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| 12:05 | fluid content and cluster environment. calibration helps again, N I times |
|
| 12:14 | though, that's not a universal litho attribute. Anybody go into access |
|
| 12:29 | Anybody ever take calculus? Do you axis, rotation in trigonometry or |
|
| 12:40 | You don't remember? Yeah. What's minus a tangent square equal to? |
|
| 12:55 | don't know. I was just Everybody knew. Come on, |
|
| 13:04 | we gonna show a synthetic example, rotating axis and then we'll show some |
|
| 13:11 | data. Here is a water saturated on right up here. Yellow be |
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| 13:20 | sand. And then here's when it's gas saturated and you can see |
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| 13:27 | gas water interface right there. And notice when you have gas saturated, |
|
| 13:36 | event in the upper disappears. Here go to an event and it |
|
| 13:43 | It's one of those classic when the disappears, drilled and I was working |
|
| 13:51 | a client today over in Hungary. exactly what they had. These class |
|
| 13:57 | amplitudes when it's water saturated, it a booming event. Big amplitude on |
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| 14:03 | far off are super gigantic. But it, when it became gas saturated |
|
| 14:09 | a classic amplitude decrease with offset and waters just totally overrode it. Let's |
|
| 14:19 | a look at this gas saturated. the waters, here's the near offset |
|
| 14:26 | far offset. This is a CD gather and the water sand it's sitting |
|
| 14:33 | here and here's the gas in the in. Notice it's in the far |
|
| 14:42 | where the water sand isn't so classic . This would be a class two |
|
| 14:51 | of an A vo change is polarity with offset high amplitude on the four |
|
| 15:02 | . Now, if we go ahead get the near trace, which is |
|
| 15:07 | right here and get the slope and slope we're looking for this time is |
|
| 15:12 | reflectivity. And you remember the very simple equation to invert that. |
|
| 15:20 | when we plot it normal incidents with reflectivity on this slope, we see |
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| 15:27 | gas sands fall here and over here along this axis or the shales shell |
|
| 15:36 | shell. And these are what says filtering in between here. So now |
|
| 15:50 | going to go ahead and make some to see if uh we can indicate |
|
| 15:57 | lithology or poor fluid. The seismic that you see as a normal incident |
|
| 16:06 | , that's the wiggle trace, the , that's the poor fluid in lithology |
|
| 16:16 | gas. It, these were put by my grandkids the guts of crayons |
|
| 16:21 | they just colored the seismic data for . And I think they got the |
|
| 16:26 | places there. You can be a of it. OK. Then we |
|
| 16:32 | the norm coincidence times BR and the amplitude is what N I times |
|
| 16:41 | is the product. Again, grandkids crayons went in here and put the |
|
| 16:49 | in here in the red. there might be a little bit of |
|
| 16:54 | in here, but it's nothing to home about a little bigger amplitude with |
|
| 17:01 | hydrocarbons, but I like it to a little bit better. Nice clean |
|
| 17:05 | here. Little bright spot. There's lot of wiggling here that don't mean |
|
| 17:16 | . So then we try crossplay. is the one vermin I had a |
|
| 17:21 | on when Jim Deci I won an for and this time the wiggle traces |
|
| 17:30 | the normal incidents. The Kellers though crayons. They're the cross flock down |
|
| 17:38 | . So you have at each do do do do each trace |
|
| 17:43 | you have a normal incidence, the reflectivity trace and you came in here |
|
| 17:48 | say, OK, where does at time, where does the N I |
|
| 17:57 | pr fall on that truck? So that particular location that happens to be |
|
| 18:02 | normal incidence is right there and the reflectivity is this distance right over |
|
| 18:11 | So that little point is really close that gas sitting right there. Now |
|
| 18:20 | come over here at the base and particular point is falling just about right |
|
| 18:27 | and that's close to the blue. the colors now come from this cross |
|
| 18:35 | , this would be shell upon these would be the clean sands and |
|
| 18:41 | are the gas charge at the top the bottle. And this is normally |
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| 18:48 | class two fall avi products. Now had a speak and notice now the |
|
| 19:01 | looks like it needs to be shifted little bit. Now that pertains to |
|
| 19:06 | lines sitting in here. This probably to these two lines breaking there and |
|
| 19:14 | hydro seems to be dead on. a hydro zone right there. So |
|
| 19:21 | N I pr cross block, it to lithology. There's nice lithology correlation |
|
| 19:29 | it pertains to plu when the pore became gas, it went from a |
|
| 19:35 | to a red. So choose the killers and it works. If you |
|
| 19:45 | brown in there, it wouldn't right? Ok. Why? What's |
|
| 19:57 | ? How can we make this work a little better? Let's go up |
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| 20:03 | where we started right here. The cents are awful close to values of |
|
| 20:15 | on N I So that's good down and cartoon that. Ok. Here's |
|
| 20:28 | I pr here's the gas sand way there. Here's where the water stand |
|
| 20:37 | this is shale upon shale sitting Now, here's the first quadrant. |
|
| 20:46 | is the second, 3rd and This is the value that line |
|
| 20:54 | There has a value of minus So all along this line is minus |
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| 21:04 | , that's minus three and that one minus five. So we see when |
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| 21:14 | take N I times pr Shell, ? Sin gas and all had the |
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| 21:21 | of minus one and I times pr three of them are gonna show up |
|
| 21:29 | . Well, that's not very So what I'd like you to do |
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| 21:33 | , uh, take a little put the pen right in here. |
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| 21:39 | that N I and pr, we're to rotate that, we're going to |
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| 21:45 | the pr and we're going to flip up. Let's see. We're gonna |
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| 22:04 | the pr and we're gonna go this , take that axis and rotate that |
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| 22:12 | theta and in doing so when I the standard, your prime, rotate |
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| 22:26 | time, move that angle that go right way. You're a prime. |
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| 22:33 | , I think I went the wrong . That's right. OK. |
|
| 22:41 | when I do that rotation, the water sand and the gas sand now |
|
| 22:48 | these positions with respect to anti prime pr prime, this is the third |
|
| 23:00 | and everything is a positive value when take N I and Pr prime because |
|
| 23:07 | is plus one plus three plus So we find that now the gas |
|
| 23:17 | has a value of plus five, water sand as a value of plus |
|
| 23:23 | and the shell sits on a zero . So now when I do that |
|
| 23:38 | , lo and behold, look what . An I prime times pr prime |
|
| 23:45 | indicates its fine carbs. So it the pathology. It's still a sand |
|
| 23:52 | up in here. There's another sand definitely is gas sitting in there. |
|
| 24:03 | would call that a fluid rotation. fact, the distance between this sausage |
|
| 24:12 | represents your shell and the gas in , that's the fluid factor you come |
|
| 24:20 | here. It's giving you maximum displacement each lithology poor fluid from the |
|
| 24:31 | So on that synthetic example of axis and that we find out the hydro |
|
| 24:40 | , you couldn't see it on each section N I or N I times |
|
| 24:44 | none of those give us an indication hydro chromes. However, when we |
|
| 24:52 | plotted it right here, all of sudden boom, we could see lithology |
|
| 24:59 | war fluid. When we did a of the axis rotated, the axis |
|
| 25:07 | able to discriminate the hetic arms after a 45 degree rotation. Once you |
|
| 25:17 | the rotation, you, you, can, you can get out N |
|
| 25:22 | pr I, I should say N prime pr prime. When you get |
|
| 25:27 | with that, you get a trace . This trace is N I times |
|
| 25:32 | prime. And so you can actually for this easily map that on an |
|
| 25:38 | on a workstation field. Example, see that gas sent this pops |
|
| 25:52 | You can see it right. I you say no, Fred, I |
|
| 25:57 | see that at all. Well, because it needs to be blown |
|
| 26:00 | So blow it up. Now you see it in there. It's |
|
| 26:04 | just sitting right in there. Who miss that? See that again? |
|
| 26:10 | see it just in the wrong So let's go ahead, look at |
|
| 26:16 | CD together the amplitude on the far sitting out here. We take the |
|
| 26:25 | N I times pr each particular trace down here, you do a avion |
|
| 26:35 | , you get N I get another to slope the pr multiply them |
|
| 26:40 | And you get this seismic exception note just four basic colors are being used |
|
| 26:49 | the extremes of yellow and red. aren't we lucky at our well |
|
| 26:56 | There's no extreme values. It's just great small value sitting in there. |
|
| 27:03 | some down dip here. So there's indication of a gas le on |
|
| 27:09 | If again, we do the Keller plow and that's where class two |
|
| 27:16 | This is shell upon shell, this to be AAA heavy shell sitting in |
|
| 27:22 | and lo and behold the world now illustrate a hydrocarbon in there. In |
|
| 27:32 | , this, it looks like if drilled a little bit deeper, they |
|
| 27:36 | have got another hydro car, nice dip right here just where it should |
|
| 27:43 | accommodation space as a hydrocarbon. So not bad. I mean, you |
|
| 27:50 | begin to see what you think your coming in here. Once again, |
|
| 27:55 | all of the uh this is interesting here. Notice all the, the |
|
| 28:03 | color is the same massive block of of shales of some sort mix to |
|
| 28:13 | , clean the shell. If you go out there. If we rotate |
|
| 28:18 | I and Pr, these are N prime that Pr prime lo again, |
|
| 28:25 | shows very nice anomalous zones, very to where those are also shows Don |
|
| 28:33 | right in here. Nice values It, it looks like an indication |
|
| 28:40 | something sitting out here. And when go on this one, it |
|
| 28:45 | yeah, it, it does look something might be longer little week. |
|
| 28:51 | that field example, he carbs are recognized on a stack and N times |
|
| 28:58 | this is like a times P or DB gathers N I PR cross |
|
| 29:06 | It recognizes hydrogen. I mean, the gasses in the Port mythology and |
|
| 29:14 | flow discrimination can be validated to structure of the cross plot. So the |
|
| 29:23 | to miss hydro Carbs is quite obvious that. You had to have some |
|
| 29:29 | of an Avi Ollo in order to it litho versus Chronos Strat gray |
|
| 29:46 | And who are the creatures that made a famous goal to get out of |
|
| 29:54 | ? Remember who that was, who seismic photography? Wonder who is |
|
| 30:08 | isn't it? Oh Weimer Wagner he's like you play tectonics. |
|
| 30:18 | maybe I'm getting confused. OK. Vale Exxon. That's the one that's |
|
| 30:29 | close to Wagner Vail Wagner UVW I mean, yeah, didn't get |
|
| 30:34 | closer than that. VW sounds like car. Maybe they're from Germany. |
|
| 30:39 | think that's where it was discovered. . OK. And what was the |
|
| 30:48 | in litho and chrono stratigraphic? Tell where, what did Exxon say about |
|
| 30:53 | the reflections come from? Did you you ever heard of that? Oh |
|
| 31:02 | don't teach photography here at uh do ? What's that sequence boundaries, reflections |
|
| 31:13 | from sequence boundaries? Is that what seismic, the main emphasis was in |
|
| 31:21 | early seventies, high stand low stand is anything at all to do with |
|
| 31:34 | or strato litho or Chrono stratigraphic Yeah. Exxon biggest thing. As |
|
| 31:45 | as they say that said this, thought they were going to be bombed |
|
| 31:50 | tomatoes on stage. They got up said seismic reflections from come from pronotes |
|
| 31:58 | democratic boundaries, not litho Strat They don't come from Sandhill boundaries. |
|
| 32:08 | come from flying planes sitting out It's something at the same time occurs |
|
| 32:14 | the same time and they proceeded to many examples and we're gonna show the |
|
| 32:21 | of that. Yeah. So let go back. This is, this |
|
| 32:30 | one of the early, early three when nobody had massive equipment to do |
|
| 32:40 | . And so I think this was toward Katie, the aw field. |
|
| 32:46 | you know what A O is? . Yal is an Indian word. |
|
| 32:56 | on. Are there any no Native ? Native Texas? Yeah. Avi |
|
| 33:04 | means Avio anomaly. You didn't know I just made that up. But |
|
| 33:12 | AWOL is a formation and it is bar burner. It was so |
|
| 33:20 | So 100% that when you went to bank and the these several people do |
|
| 33:27 | companies that go to the bankers, trying to get a loan. And |
|
| 33:32 | all said, let me see your vo No, let me see if |
|
| 33:35 | said I say, yeah, they want to see the A vo |
|
| 33:38 | , they want to see the CD Getters because that's how popular that |
|
| 33:43 | And now made a very, very outstand. It still does outstanding effect |
|
| 33:50 | exp express. So this was a field development and they have 14% porosity |
|
| 34:02 | 18%. And they wanted us to the difference. Well, seismic, |
|
| 34:07 | 18% porosity produced 14% tend to be much clay in it. They needed |
|
| 34:16 | map the continuity of the reservoirs and to determine what sense for pay |
|
| 34:28 | And here is an idealized section of stratigraphic from uh Chronos stratigraphic. When |
|
| 34:43 | have pro grading sediments such as you see the sand actually accumulates through |
|
| 34:53 | time boundaries and the time boundaries are with the near offset seismic data. |
|
| 35:03 | you should see seismic that looks like shown down here. Meanwhile, the |
|
| 35:11 | Strat Democratic sections, where's lithology? in what attribute, what particular earth |
|
| 35:24 | that auto Cofield find that related to lithology? He said, if you |
|
| 35:31 | me the amplitude variation with offset on side of a boundary, I'll tell |
|
| 35:37 | what the lithology is and what was main parameter that he earth parameter? |
|
| 35:44 | was looking at? What does he about motion auto coil. He |
|
| 35:53 | I'm a friend of Butch. Butch . Remember Butch? Uh you don't |
|
| 36:01 | Butch Basson? Well, it might be his right name. It was |
|
| 36:06 | ratio that Otto Cofield was talking about he's going to find you lithology with |
|
| 36:19 | . Do you remember a guy by name of Shy? This would be |
|
| 36:22 | something like this on the quiz. a guy by the name of Rob |
|
| 36:27 | ? When you looked at his he said on the near offsets, |
|
| 36:33 | kind of get an idea of acoustic themes. When you go to the |
|
| 36:37 | range offsets, poisons ratio starts to your seismic. When you go to |
|
| 36:42 | very far offsets its large variations in P wave velocity. Well, middle |
|
| 36:53 | or sports on ratio is that Yeah, that is the mythological effects |
|
| 36:59 | gonna see. So here you'd be to tell sand from shall probably sitting |
|
| 37:06 | there. Ok. What I'd like to do for quiz number 422 is |
|
| 37:30 | come in here and visually in your vis in your mind, draw the |
|
| 37:42 | inside the white section. Find me channels. Now here's the interesting other |
|
| 37:52 | too. This is old legacy data they said when we drilled these two |
|
| 38:03 | , there is no communication, we producing this one will only 1000 ft |
|
| 38:11 | and it did nothing to the production the other world. And yet the |
|
| 38:16 | looks like it has a nice continuity those wells, maybe not a |
|
| 38:22 | but it's there. And this is dry hole and it has the biggest |
|
| 38:32 | . So let's try to investigate And here are 123, these are |
|
| 38:43 | seismic lines. These seismic lines are ft apart and it's called a common |
|
| 38:52 | . The distance between the source and . For each trace. The source |
|
| 38:57 | receiver were 1700 ft apart. The traced, it was another 1700 ft |
|
| 39:06 | source and receiver and now on this , go ahead, throw in the |
|
| 39:15 | . Come on. Don't be Get your crayons out and go |
|
| 39:20 | paint your paint, your computer Don't, don't be embarrassed. It's |
|
| 39:26 | money that you're wasting. Yeah. rid of it now. So you |
|
| 39:32 | have to worry about the state lawyers in life. Ok. You don't |
|
| 39:41 | anything yet so evident. Let's just up, take the same three locations |
|
| 39:51 | time, go from 1760 ft separation 7000 ft. And that's a little |
|
| 40:04 | past offset is equal depth. can anybody see channels now sitting in |
|
| 40:16 | ? And this is something we see is on the far offsets, incise |
|
| 40:24 | tend to be seen on the far very nicely. The whole reflection from |
|
| 40:31 | sides all the way in over and on plastic type of sediments at low |
|
| 40:44 | . So what's the depositional model? the 1517 to put officer the one |
|
| 40:54 | 5200 ft offset and then the far ft and look at the difference, |
|
| 41:01 | this, this down here. There's big difference between those and this one |
|
| 41:15 | . So let's take the middle take the average and look at |
|
| 41:22 | blow it up. We see an conformity, right where this red line |
|
| 41:31 | , it's truncated some um pro gradation going out here. And you can |
|
| 41:45 | that for in between those two flooding , there's where yours is deposited. |
|
| 41:55 | then for this pink, this is sand and for the green, this |
|
| 41:59 | your sand. And then up here a sand, another sand deposited but |
|
| 42:08 | of a sudden, not all of sudden, you can see that between |
|
| 42:14 | pink and the green, there's a of time sequence in there boundary that |
|
| 42:21 | there's a time lapse. That means s doesn't have to be in communication |
|
| 42:29 | that s they're not tied. So you start drilling this well or that |
|
| 42:37 | communication, now we understand why up we had no hydro carbs, but |
|
| 42:44 | did have a nice channel that was through there. Is it possible that |
|
| 42:51 | this un conformity was laid down, we had an incise channel come in |
|
| 42:59 | and laid down some type of shell that to block this particular position for |
|
| 43:06 | any hydro carbs, it its path have been coming up, coming up |
|
| 43:13 | these pro gradation sands and it was . So the objectives were met were |
|
| 43:23 | but not by answering the initial First thing they wanted was 18% rather |
|
| 43:31 | 14%. And when you look at 3D data, it was a river |
|
| 43:38 | bar that was banned that they're looking . And which side of that bar |
|
| 43:45 | you drill shoreline or toward the river ? Oh, you want where |
|
| 43:51 | you had the sorting to be the . You don't wanna drill on the |
|
| 43:56 | side of the dunes. So lo behold, that's where they start drilling |
|
| 44:01 | . And that's where the high porosity , wasn't filled. Better sorting. |
|
| 44:10 | at the data itself gave a better of the depositional model 3D. Just |
|
| 44:23 | . This also was a rather tough together. It was in the rice |
|
| 44:30 | , Aunt and Katie and anybody ever a rice field. Anybody ever look |
|
| 44:38 | , never saw a rice. even on TV. Do you ever |
|
| 44:49 | those little piles of dirt meandering? sure don't want your dynamite to blow |
|
| 44:57 | up, do you? And so you drill a hole you don't |
|
| 45:03 | when that dynamite goes off, you wanna leave any way that the water |
|
| 45:07 | leak out. Obviously, you can't a fro size you in there. |
|
| 45:13 | would sink. So it all had be drilled by hand going down about |
|
| 45:19 | or 8 ft. And basically they blasting caps in there. They didn't |
|
| 45:25 | to put anything really bigger than And that was enough. They only |
|
| 45:33 | something like one line laid out. didn't have enough receivers to play multiple |
|
| 45:42 | on. They could just shoot like two D 12 D line move |
|
| 45:46 | shoot another two D line move Very expensive. But that's the early |
|
| 45:57 | . Ok. Let's take a little , uh, about two o'clock and |
|
| 46:04 | finish this section up talking about All right. Anybody ever watch Antique |
|
| 46:37 | ? You ever hear that? The show Antique Roadshow? They go to |
|
| 46:42 | various cities and folks just bringing things hanging around the house and order this |
|
| 46:49 | great grandma left us this year. . Ok. Yeah. From a |
|
| 46:52 | war. Ok. I decided I'd online. I was listen to Antique |
|
| 46:59 | and this guy came in and, , it was a Rolex watch and |
|
| 47:07 | he was over Vietnam, he bought for $250. And that was the |
|
| 47:15 | watch and he'd been wearing it all life. Never had to repair anything |
|
| 47:20 | it. And it was in nice and they asked him to ever get |
|
| 47:25 | . No, they could tell. , no. He said this is |
|
| 47:28 | most common one R makes it. also the most sought after watch. |
|
| 47:35 | says, what do you think it's , you know, anybody guess $75,000 |
|
| 47:41 | what that watch was worth. I it was so, it might have |
|
| 47:45 | more than that. It was really good. You, so, I |
|
| 47:49 | , oh, and it came with original case and it was during |
|
| 47:55 | uh, 19 seventies in Vietnam that did that. And I thought |
|
| 48:02 | I gotta watch, it's older than . I was just here. |
|
| 48:06 | my, me is more than So I went online and looked up |
|
| 48:12 | watch. It was uh 50 years , 52 years old. But actually |
|
| 48:18 | than that, something like that I went and I looked up Omega |
|
| 48:25 | and see what it was worth. bad enough. $15,000. Well, |
|
| 48:32 | , that's a solid gold. I , I got stainless steel. Big |
|
| 48:39 | ok. So I said, I have a watch that's even older |
|
| 48:46 | that. My, when I graduated my phd, I got this and |
|
| 48:53 | parents 10 years before that gave me watch when I got my professional degree |
|
| 49:00 | that was 10 years older. It a Hamilton. So I quickly looked |
|
| 49:04 | up. Guess how much that thing worth $35. So I wasn't the |
|
| 49:14 | . I'm so excited though. Fred. You. Simple things, |
|
| 49:20 | things in life. Ok. I forgot, t you talking behind |
|
| 49:43 | back. Stephanie? Just for We're gonna make you one more |
|
| 49:50 | Who Wants to be a Millionaire? , yes. Step. She's so |
|
| 49:56 | . She's just giggling here, that she wants to do this. |
|
| 50:02 | you ready? Stephanie? Always So make sure she listens to the |
|
| 50:08 | . We're gonna do a little bit anisotropy. Ok. Now, you |
|
| 50:13 | , you have one lifeline already You ask the audience. Ok. |
|
| 50:20 | you can, now have me throw out of the four away or you |
|
| 50:25 | call a friend and I'm not a . OK. OK. Seismic |
|
| 50:32 | We've seen this before. Offshore Texas far offsets twice. The depth offsets |
|
| 50:40 | 30,000 ft depth. 16,000. The was drilled. You see the, |
|
| 50:48 | , this is a symbol meaning very of what uh windows promises you, |
|
| 50:59 | promise you everything in windows will be when you upgrade. So upgrade and |
|
| 51:08 | symbols became upside down. That well upside down and they drilled that |
|
| 51:16 | And I don't see anything in but let's go ahead. Take a |
|
| 51:20 | at the well logs. Wow, a, a sand, there is |
|
| 51:27 | gamma, there is a sand 400 thick. Wow, that's monstrous, |
|
| 51:35 | , big resistivity change, high OK. Neutron density uh looks like |
|
| 51:48 | only they kissing, they might be over plotted a little bit and another |
|
| 51:59 | ft or so of the same type material down below. Likewise. So |
|
| 52:08 | are four possibilities that we might have , Stephanie and you have to find |
|
| 52:16 | what it is. It could be , it could be gas, it |
|
| 52:23 | be oil field or it could be so it's your responsibility to determine what |
|
| 52:35 | , which of the four is filling . Now, remember you're playing for |
|
| 52:40 | lot of money for the rest of class and most of them have spent |
|
| 52:44 | last dollar De Niro. So they're on you to refresh their bounty before |
|
| 52:52 | get started. Let me show you little bit more. We make the |
|
| 52:57 | Seismo gram dang. That dude ties , really, really pretty. And |
|
| 53:06 | let's let's look at the A VO you look at the A VO and |
|
| 53:13 | a conventional normal move out on the hand side and at 9200 m, |
|
| 53:21 | about 30,000 ft. You'll notice that have that classic hockey stick that pull |
|
| 53:32 | . And so we go from conventional an isotropic time type of mover. |
|
| 53:40 | is where we get a delta and apply that delta correction to your normal |
|
| 53:48 | up. And lo and behold, see a very beautiful phase reversal sitting |
|
| 53:55 | there. So the field data indicates about offset is equal to depth along |
|
| 54:01 | line. We're getting a reversal in reflection. So the question is, |
|
| 54:11 | that indicative of any type of fluid ? Now, we do have a |
|
| 54:16 | bit in the well off that we use more information. So let's go |
|
| 54:25 | and do some modeling some in situ , let's pretend Stephanie, there's water |
|
| 54:33 | there, let's just put water in see what we get. OK. |
|
| 54:39 | I go ahead and I run the and here's the sonic, here's the |
|
| 54:50 | . But before I can get way here to 9200 m, my ray |
|
| 54:57 | stops. Now, why would my theory program stop at that particular |
|
| 55:08 | Because I reached something called a critical . And that is an angle where |
|
| 55:17 | shots here, the receivers over there's a boundary in that angle is |
|
| 55:24 | critical angle, meaning nothing goes in the lower medium. If I go |
|
| 55:31 | a longer offset, it just travels the boundary and then up as a |
|
| 55:39 | . So the program stops right Now you, you can go on |
|
| 55:44 | little farther and it can go a farther if we make it the total |
|
| 55:51 | a different type of code. Now gonna go in there and ask total |
|
| 55:57 | type of modeling. Now, you ought to see Stephanie Rader really |
|
| 56:02 | , show her face. OK? really happy. She thinks she knows |
|
| 56:05 | answer. I can tell she's happy now she's got something passed this one |
|
| 56:14 | set here, way out, way here. But then she realizes, |
|
| 56:20 | know what, I don't see any that on the field data, not |
|
| 56:26 | all. And they had a nice reversal. I don't see that on |
|
| 56:33 | model either. So now the question , what are we gonna do? |
|
| 56:44 | you have your option backing up a bit and looking at something called the |
|
| 56:56 | components of that and what the individual are is acoustic and pains boy songs |
|
| 57:08 | response and P wave velocity. Remember did a little exercise where somebody calculated |
|
| 57:19 | the acoustic competence does to the CD gather, somebody only used the poisons |
|
| 57:25 | and then the P wave add these sections together and it's going to give |
|
| 57:31 | your final CD P gather at the time, put the seismic data that |
|
| 57:49 | supposed to look like there doesn't look that at all. Now, looking |
|
| 58:00 | these three CD P that would end year, is there anything that you |
|
| 58:11 | in these three you might say to ? You know, I wish I |
|
| 58:17 | more of that. Maybe less of else because this is really what I |
|
| 58:24 | see. I wanna see that phase and we're not seeing it up |
|
| 58:31 | Why? Well, maybe seen as been here, this dang thing over |
|
| 58:37 | is canceling it. That's tr is that. Hm. So if I |
|
| 58:45 | more of this right here to give that, uh I need less of |
|
| 58:52 | dude right there. Well, how we do that? Oh Maybe we |
|
| 59:05 | change the P wave velocity. we really can't change the T wave |
|
| 59:11 | because that's recorded. That's major. gotta log through there. But the |
|
| 59:17 | we can do possibly change the what would happen if we changed the |
|
| 59:26 | in the pores? So what would the first thing you'd say? We |
|
| 59:32 | water? Ok, Fred, I'll one of my lifelines. Ok. |
|
| 59:40 | know what you're gonna ask for. says throw two out of the four |
|
| 59:46 | . Ok? And it's a it's a little old computer. So |
|
| 59:50 | makes noises and, and it comes your two that is throwing away or |
|
| 59:58 | throwing away water. What was the three? OK. We're gonna throw |
|
| 60:12 | away. Why did you throw that ? We didn't have a prospect. |
|
| 60:19 | walked away from this. So it can't be that. So there's |
|
| 60:25 | one left to do. What would oil, right? What's gonna give |
|
| 60:33 | the big amplitude for offset oil or ? This? She said she wants |
|
| 60:43 | try F OK. So she tries and there is the result of putting |
|
| 60:57 | in there. Now, she's smiling . Those who can't see her. |
|
| 61:02 | smiling a bit because now it looks coming along here, she has a |
|
| 61:10 | reversal, something that's seen right in . That's kind of exciting. This |
|
| 61:17 | into the trough right in there, she still has this ugly, ugly |
|
| 61:23 | right out here. Now, that's because when we were talking about what |
|
| 61:31 | VT I vertical trans uh verse we said it had certain features. |
|
| 61:39 | one is when you flatten this you don't get the angle, you |
|
| 61:46 | you're getting, this is ray tracing not a con for the angle |
|
| 61:53 | So there is a much bigger angle here than it actually occurs when you |
|
| 62:00 | anisotropy ouch. So we need to for anisotropy angle. This right here |
|
| 62:08 | going on to angles like 55 So if we stop that at 55 |
|
| 62:17 | it belongs in PP, recomputed And the whole, this is the |
|
| 62:24 | acid for instant angle correction. Now of a sudden we do have a |
|
| 62:32 | little match over here was the field . We got the Avio reversal, |
|
| 62:39 | got rid of the refracted energy sitting there because of the incident angle that |
|
| 62:48 | and that leads us to make a what to do next. Well, |
|
| 62:55 | look at the well site and here's one we've seen before. If we |
|
| 63:02 | at the well, right here and it to Don Depp right there. |
|
| 63:09 | the, you have this dead zone before you hit off, says equal |
|
| 63:17 | depth, but you have similar, have a dead zone up here. |
|
| 63:24 | , the dead zone might be a more, a little longer here than |
|
| 63:30 | have done Depp. And that might really hard to see all the |
|
| 63:38 | So we're going to go ahead and at all the way out to twice |
|
| 63:43 | depth included very far offset traces. lo and behold, what do you |
|
| 63:51 | ? Now, you can see the reversal that came in there and here |
|
| 63:58 | doesn't look like at the very far sets. Did you got a phase |
|
| 64:03 | ? And when we look at, at the ZR type of plots that's |
|
| 64:10 | a well there, we find out the amplitude when you have water in |
|
| 64:15 | , it comes down but it doesn't through zero. So when you put |
|
| 64:21 | in there a little bit of gas and behold, it goes through zero |
|
| 64:26 | gives you that phase reversal then at 50 degrees or so here mentioned up |
|
| 64:33 | the critical angle. Well, we really got to the critical angle from |
|
| 64:37 | field data or if we did hm I cut it off. So |
|
| 64:48 | turns up, we have better amplitude between 3045 degrees right near then between |
|
| 65:01 | and 30 degrees. Look at the . The big difference that we're gonna |
|
| 65:08 | is it reverse polarity? Fred, we talk about that before? I |
|
| 65:14 | we did. Wasn't there a guy Rutherford Williams? You remember that paper |
|
| 65:18 | read about that? What did it in it? He talked about class |
|
| 65:23 | and three even though he called it ABC. And in that he |
|
| 65:30 | yeah, there's a certain place we the hard shore, which I mentioned |
|
| 65:36 | earlier saying, yeah, when a disappears drill. So what? |
|
| 65:43 | that's the one where they reverse polarity it's starting to add in negatives on |
|
| 65:50 | of positives negative because you got the low gas, the gas saturation |
|
| 65:56 | the very far off saturation. One the things we find out it requires |
|
| 66:06 | sets that are twice the depth. is the same thing that we had |
|
| 66:14 | we talked about that Zula play last . That's the one where we use |
|
| 66:21 | far offsets. We stacked the data also equal to depth and also equal |
|
| 66:27 | twice the depth. And that range where Avio occurred and you had to |
|
| 66:33 | way past also equal depth. that's where you cut your data |
|
| 66:39 | That used to be the criteria. wanna shoot new geometry, new |
|
| 66:44 | OK. Here's what we need. need 60 fold time. That's 60 |
|
| 66:50 | at your depth. We're gonna have traces inside offset is equal to depth |
|
| 66:57 | past that and throw them away. all of a sudden, we want |
|
| 67:02 | marine not too bad. You put bottom nodes, the boat is gonna |
|
| 67:08 | out a little farther. Doesn't have big cable. No problem on land |
|
| 67:15 | because you got more permitting. A more permitting. You got four times |
|
| 67:20 | number of phones on the ground, times the possibility of noise eating me |
|
| 67:28 | . All right. How'd you Stephanie says she won. Ok. |
|
| 67:39 | is calculating how much she won? , let everybody know how she distributes |
|
| 67:45 | . We'll keep her here until she the funding. Don't worry. So |
|
| 67:51 | points, a lithology reflectivity attribute is in some environments. Remember what was |
|
| 68:02 | best environment? 12 or three class order to see mythology or fluid |
|
| 68:15 | who was a sensitive to each one those individually. Class two. There's |
|
| 68:22 | plot that we showed a template, might call it in chap section. |
|
| 68:34 | axis, rotation increases to getting close the fluid factor. It's like Smith |
|
| 68:42 | Glow make everything else disappear. All reflections except where hydrocarbons are. That's |
|
| 68:51 | same thing you are doing. All sets from depth to twice of |
|
| 69:00 | should be investigated as offering direct hydrocar for class 12. Avion novelists, |
|
| 69:10 | necessarily bright spots plus three. That and isotropic processing and modeling are necessary |
|
| 69:21 | extra long all sets. So we anisotropy. We need the graduate students |
|
| 69:27 | tell us what to do. Any comments or questions and he answers |
|
| 69:47 | percentage. You know you got blue . Does, does everybody tell you |
|
| 69:53 | the uh reflection of your glasses? , I I don't know why I |
|
| 69:58 | see it but I don't know why supposed to be. Did anybody else |
|
| 70:03 | the blue reflection? Do, do see the group? Can you see |
|
| 70:12 | other group? I'm the only one get to see them. Can you |
|
| 70:20 | them. Can you see the the top half of her glasses? |
|
| 70:32 | . Let me a little bit. see it now? Yeah. See |
|
| 70:43 | , it's just like putting in those what do you call it? And |
|
| 70:46 | put it in your eye contact Yeah. Oh, now we know |
|
| 70:52 | secret. She's, oh man, , they found out about me. |
|
| 70:57 | . Any other comments or questions? . I, I have a question |
|
| 71:14 | the first. That was the first that the lithology activity attribute is possible |
|
| 71:20 | some environments. I didn't get why not working everywhere. Why is what |
|
| 71:28 | working everywhere? The and why, it is not possible to, to |
|
| 71:34 | the lithology to the term the lithology all the cases? Oh OK. |
|
| 71:49 | you see lithology when there is a between some property that can be evident |
|
| 71:58 | reflection. So we're talking about why we do it with seismic data? |
|
| 72:06 | ? Yes. OK. So seismic , we go back to the 1955 |
|
| 72:16 | O Arthur Cofield said when you look the various reflection angles that's on the |
|
| 72:24 | record or CD P gather, you reflection angles that go from zero to |
|
| 72:31 | degrees. And on those far I'm looking at the amplitude and I'm |
|
| 72:41 | amplitude differences when I have differences in ratio between the two medium. If |
|
| 72:50 | had a shell upon shell, I not see hardly any reflections on the |
|
| 72:57 | offset because they're gonna have basically the shear wave velocity. There's not gonna |
|
| 73:04 | any poisons ratio difference. But as as you get a poisons ratio difference |
|
| 73:11 | two rock types, then you're gonna that on the far offset traces and |
|
| 73:16 | able to make a prediction class the voice songs ratio between shall and |
|
| 73:29 | is not much different when you get very young rocks, something that two |
|
| 73:38 | per second or less in there poisons is essentially the same. You can't |
|
| 73:44 | the Slurpee sand from the Slurpee it's only until they start to |
|
| 73:51 | Do you start getting a difference in wave velocity difference in share wave velocities |
|
| 73:56 | a difference in bosons ratio? So need differences in Poland's ratio in order |
|
| 74:05 | observant on the far traces that because where not near the far is where |
|
| 74:12 | gonna be beneficial. No, when get to really high velocities, |
|
| 74:21 | you you can have a significant difference poison ratio but it's, it's it's |
|
| 74:28 | there because of the the high rigidity a high sheer a velocity difference and |
|
| 74:34 | the fluid. Unfortunately, high rigidity , limestone dolomite, they respond to |
|
| 74:47 | variations, not the poor lord in . So that kind of hit hurts |
|
| 74:55 | . No, I guess we can some mythology identification when the class |
|
| 75:05 | Yeah, it's basically it comes down the posts ratio difference. Uh |
|
| 75:11 | if you have that and it's not evident. Good question. Thank |
|
| 75:24 | What time did we uh what time we start at one o'clock? And |
|
| 75:30 | , we still got a little ways go. Any other comments or |
|
| 75:46 | Ok, long offsets were needed. you folks see my screen? |
|
| 77:12 | let's have uh a final section No, no more beer for |
|
| 77:20 | Thank you though. I appreciate Pass it around the rest of the |
|
| 77:22 | though. The beer. Yeah, believe that. Look, sitting out |
|
| 77:28 | there it's fed, really passing out . A checklist. If you wanna |
|
| 77:36 | an Avio study, why are you it? Well, I got a |
|
| 77:40 | of work to do and if I I wanna do an Avio study, |
|
| 77:43 | that'll push it back and give me couple of extra weeks. That's |
|
| 77:47 | that's one of the reasons why. what's the objective of the study and |
|
| 77:53 | general? Is it ok? Do have enough time to do it? |
|
| 78:01 | . You got data coverage to do ? Do you have 3D data or |
|
| 78:07 | it going to be a little skimpy D here and there? You're gonna |
|
| 78:11 | it. Is it going to be to your company or to you? |
|
| 78:17 | an advantage of doing it. For , I, I had ranch by |
|
| 78:26 | and uh Rockdale Place called Taylor and have a lot of shallow production. |
|
| 78:34 | ft 1200 ft. They use water to drill. People. Go out |
|
| 78:40 | exploring water r they don't even use . Sometimes. I just wonder why |
|
| 78:46 | water rigs don't blow up more often they do, but they're successful. |
|
| 78:51 | they don't need to do a vo for shallow data is expensive because you |
|
| 78:58 | a lot of short offset coverage on . You have enough well information. |
|
| 79:08 | you going into a basin for the time? Do you have representative |
|
| 79:17 | Do you have sheer logs? Do have check shots in there? Are |
|
| 79:26 | , do you have enough information that actually have many different formation talks and |
|
| 79:31 | the information to help you along seismic ? Two D or 3D? You |
|
| 79:39 | want the 3D. Do you have acquisition parameters? Are you gonna be |
|
| 79:46 | to look it offsets up to twice depth? You might? Oh |
|
| 79:51 | we're just, we'll, we'll buy regular data where the maximum offset is |
|
| 79:56 | out to depth. You know, doesn't have to be that far. |
|
| 80:01 | it's cheaper? Well, you just your money away because if you |
|
| 80:08 | if you don't get the best thing look for the far offsets of |
|
| 80:12 | why spend money there? Here's one that stops. A lot of people |
|
| 80:27 | costs the company that acquires 3D data . It's done as a group, |
|
| 80:36 | very few companies go out and actually a 3D and it's for their own |
|
| 80:44 | . And not any, not everybody's company will process the data. And |
|
| 80:55 | of that for everybody to use, might have a special processor that can |
|
| 81:02 | processing and gives you an attribute nobody has and you wanna send it to |
|
| 81:09 | . No, you can go out find out how much is it going |
|
| 81:14 | cost. And it turns out just get the tapes that are necessary. |
|
| 81:21 | order to do the processing, you pay five times more than actually just |
|
| 81:27 | in the data because the company that the data, they wanna reprocess |
|
| 81:33 | If you want to reprocess it, don't want the data getting out of |
|
| 81:36 | house and have other, other people it. So they make it one |
|
| 81:41 | expense. Petro physics biggie, you somebody to edit the logs properly so |
|
| 81:57 | you're not trying to, to make and find out where you are and |
|
| 82:01 | have no idea where the synthetic might . And you have to know a |
|
| 82:11 | bit about the petroleum engineering job such what's the gas oil ratio? What's |
|
| 82:18 | API number? How dense is that on oil? Then you come down |
|
| 82:24 | Avio Molin and to me, the always circle and say when you're doing |
|
| 82:31 | Modeling, you must, must, , must, must, must, |
|
| 82:34 | , must do this. You gotta the hydrocarbon versus the wet. You |
|
| 82:41 | can't do one because you gotta know the difference somebody says, well, |
|
| 82:47 | there a better place to go? ? Class one, class two, |
|
| 82:52 | three, look at the difference that you so much. What should I |
|
| 82:57 | to see the difference? Look at attributes today. This is fairly |
|
| 83:04 | I gave you programs where you can at different attributes to find out, |
|
| 83:09 | is the best for that particular What type of a hydro chrome indicator |
|
| 83:15 | you looking at? Maybe you're gonna to define it in your area. |
|
| 83:22 | course, there are perturbation diss once gone in an area, you might |
|
| 83:28 | , well, how thick does the have to be before I can really |
|
| 83:34 | my attribute? I'll s what's Can I go ahead and see dead |
|
| 83:42 | ? If I have an old all the gas is out of the |
|
| 83:46 | and I'm left with oil, will be able to see them in size |
|
| 83:54 | ? The elastic versus the ray trace doesn't come up much? But when |
|
| 84:00 | does, it really is necessary pla like uh Southern gas basin in |
|
| 84:08 | Oh Saudi Arabia, West Texas areas you got a lot of high velocity |
|
| 84:18 | and you need to know, am getting energy through it? What's the |
|
| 84:23 | processing? OK. Things that are valuable. You really need to know |
|
| 84:34 | seismic face and by the seismic phase most of your said, Boss wants |
|
| 84:41 | see this little magic tool called inversion wanna take those wiggles and change them |
|
| 84:48 | into something called rock properties. I make a porosity section. I, |
|
| 84:53 | wanna make a uh uh um a . I wanna make a lithology |
|
| 85:03 | All of that requires the seismic If you happen to have large acoustic |
|
| 85:13 | contrasts, if you happen to have evaporate section and it's in the |
|
| 85:21 | say it one, it, it about one second of your data and |
|
| 85:26 | , your prospect is two seconds. gonna happen is you, you have |
|
| 85:32 | apply two D convolutions. The first convolution is for the shallow part to |
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| 85:38 | everybody the same face. And then you had that evaporating deposit, you |
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| 85:44 | get beneath that and find out its incessant bars. Another cascaded decom what |
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| 86:02 | we get down to the very the principal goals of Avian analysis are |
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| 86:10 | of hydro occurs. Prediction. The fluid discrimination of other hydro carbs. |
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| 86:17 | a petro phys analysis. That's all doing. Water saturation mythology. |
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| 86:24 | Give me those three things. That's we hope that Avio is gonna help |
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| 86:29 | with E components is your success. you in an environment that is friendly |
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| 86:50 | you? As far as a voc ? When you're starting to look at |
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| 86:59 | or limestone down deep, you gotta realistic. Yeah, that's what we |
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| 87:06 | a class one and everything. All , all your reflections can be very |
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| 87:13 | differences because everything's big, your noise going to be tremendous. Do you |
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| 87:26 | sufficient signal to noise ratio that most the time they can eat your |
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| 87:35 | The confidence in doing modeling, that's . Now there's I like what John |
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| 87:44 | said. In fact, the day a, a great day to talk |
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| 87:51 | what John said one time in his . Am I using Avio to better |
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| 88:02 | the subsurface or just as a flashy device? Should we worry anything about |
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| 88:15 | ? Ok. We'll see how astute are. Anybody ever hear of a |
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| 88:19 | called Houston? Yeah, it's somewhere there. Do you know what's going |
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| 88:25 | today? The George R Brown Convention . What's today, Donna? Anybody |
|
| 88:33 | hear of Nate, North Atlantic Was it North America prospecting exhibit something |
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| 88:43 | that. All these oil companies could there, prospect generators and they're trying |
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| 88:50 | sell their prospects. Investors are going boost to boost, trying to see |
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| 88:58 | are offering some good prospects and it just big money floating around down |
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| 89:06 | A lot of, a lot of going on. You're showing your seismic |
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| 89:12 | you're saying come here, this is we're gonna drill. I guarantee you |
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| 89:19 | you show a vo they're gonna they're gonna stop to look at it |
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| 89:24 | they know this individual, this study some technology going into it and that's |
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| 89:31 | lower my risk and so they're gonna . Yes, it's a flashy |
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| 89:36 | But a dang. It made them to look at it and gives you |
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| 89:41 | chance to sell it. So it's a flashy device and yes my |
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| 89:48 | , it's good. The other one John likes is, do I |
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| 89:54 | do I understand what red on Avio means? In physical terms? Whenever |
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| 90:05 | put red and you have a contour on the top, you contour that |
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| 90:12 | . What does that normally mean? gas there, they need to contour |
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| 90:21 | , there's oil there. Well, if you replace that with uh instead |
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| 90:27 | red, make it cyan instead of , make it uh pink and see |
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| 90:38 | it sells, it won't sell because , it's a mindbender. People think |
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| 90:44 | is what it has to be. . Let's look at some unusual amplitude |
|
| 90:59 | . You know, I got thrown of many countries and all that or |
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| 91:04 | that my lectures weren't appreciated and one in Japan and this is many years |
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| 91:17 | , the Japanese would send their employees to get phds and masters. |
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| 91:27 | brilliant. But when they came they faced a structure that you could |
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| 91:33 | believe. Only the elder got It's only by life longevity that you're |
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| 91:43 | get promoted. Breaking the mold is impossible. Also. Well, look |
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| 91:52 | the personnel chart. You walk into big room, gigantic room and there's |
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| 92:05 | desk and facing it is another then go 10 ft down, there's |
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| 92:11 | desk facing another desk and there's this of a bad 10 geoscientist five separates |
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| 92:22 | each separate, facing each other. the end of that row is a |
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| 92:27 | looking down on those 10 geoscientists, the supervisor. And then he come |
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| 92:36 | a little bit and there's another row 10 geoscientists with a supervisor looking down |
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| 92:44 | another one and then the superintendent has office with a window as he looks |
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| 92:53 | at the window into his room You can see his people. And |
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| 92:58 | do you get that position? H so good. When some of my |
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| 93:08 | would make international trades with the Japex company, they would get seismic data |
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| 93:16 | send to them paper sections and it already be interpreted. This is the |
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| 93:24 | , this is the answer. Nothing the Japanese decided this is the answer |
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| 93:34 | do. What you're told there's more and the pressed geoscientist in anywhere else |
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| 93:47 | the world because they can't get They studied and they had some great |
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| 93:53 | . They'd like to try and there's way you have to do what your |
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| 93:57 | says, but your boss hasn't been school in 25 years. That's |
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| 94:03 | He doesn't, he doesn't keep up literature. You did. And so |
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| 94:08 | very frustrating. But when I go , I say, think out of |
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| 94:13 | box, you gotta think out of box. What are you looking |
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| 94:18 | What are you looking for? What do you look for when you |
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| 94:21 | at seismic data? Oh, I Jessica up. I'm sorry, what |
|
| 94:27 | you looking for? Jessica? And look at seismic data and what are |
|
| 94:38 | looking for? That cowboys name and ? No, that's not on |
|
| 94:44 | This is, that's rodeo season. look for that. So when you |
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| 94:50 | up a seismic section, you're steering somebody's shoulder and you're looking at the |
|
| 94:55 | it. Seismic 10. What is mind saying I'm looking for and what |
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| 95:06 | hydro carb, something else? What ? Absolutely. Give that young lady |
|
| 95:14 | start. We used to put it on her forehead. Yes, you're |
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| 95:17 | for an anomaly. No, I think out of the box, everybody |
|
| 95:24 | is looking for the same thing So you gotta look for something possibly |
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| 95:29 | that's on that data. Is there to do so? Yeah. And |
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| 95:38 | you seen it before? That's a try. So I tell the folks |
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| 95:43 | are that. So we kind of over in Japan and I'm giving this |
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| 95:47 | for a week and students all you know, I'm telling them and |
|
| 95:53 | comes up to me and says you some good material that you presented but |
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| 95:59 | not enjoy the way you presented And that is go outside the |
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| 96:05 | think for yourself and they're not supposed think for themselves. This is |
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| 96:10 | this is the anomaly you should be for. Ok. Some new applications |
|
| 96:16 | talked about Chrono Strat Democratic versus a gray. I think it would be |
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| 96:27 | if we could spend some time trying say, can we separate Chronos Strat |
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| 96:35 | versus lithos Strat gray and use that gain some advantage? And we just |
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| 96:45 | done talking about this geological model. once chrono stratigraphic time boundaries, once |
|
| 96:53 | stratigraphic voice ons ratio boundaries, ee , I showed you the one from |
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| 97:00 | Gulf of Mexico. Uh Here's a stratigraphic section that was a short stack |
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| 97:07 | offset zero to offset is equal to gave you this. And in |
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| 97:14 | this is Chrono Strat gray shell upon boundaries. Here, it's a little |
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| 97:20 | , you're all shells so you don't any reflections. That's very important. |
|
| 97:26 | we have other types of tools that can glean from separating Chrono stratigraphic from |
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| 97:34 | stratigraphic reflexes? I I really haven't uh this being done. Is there |
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| 97:40 | in seismic toy? I don't I don't know enough about seismic sequences |
|
| 97:46 | . Is there something there? You're geologist? Is there something that could |
|
| 97:50 | you there? I don't know. you looked at using far offset versus |
|
| 97:57 | offset the peak sequence boundaries? There be a difference there. Has anybody |
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| 98:04 | that documented that I don't know. can we find sequences on conformity unformed |
|
| 98:21 | another good example where you're gonna see range of differences in the far offset |
|
| 98:33 | ? Because on that uniformity, you different boundaries, different anthologies, all |
|
| 98:41 | a sudden occurring reflection coefficients can The one I like is channel |
|
| 98:51 | This happened to be a project that worked on many years ago. And |
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| 99:00 | it's a shallow flowing sand problem. the idea is just beneath deep |
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| 99:10 | just beneath the ocean bottom. You getting these biogenetic gas sands just slightly |
|
| 99:22 | just slightly. You drill through the womb all of a sudden, |
|
| 99:28 | got the sand flowing up into the . We'll put a bigger mud |
|
| 99:32 | but we can't afford to put, your mud in because of the flow |
|
| 99:36 | the formation. So they try to through as fast as they can. |
|
| 99:42 | will, this company had gone They drilled the well, they |
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| 99:47 | it, spent $25 million because they into the shallow water sand and it |
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| 99:55 | on them. They went another place got down to about hun not |
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| 100:02 | many 1000 ft beneath the shallow water had a case d if that sand |
|
| 100:10 | start coming up just outside the I mean, they couldn't believe |
|
| 100:15 | They wanted to drill another one and said, sell the prospect civic against |
|
| 100:23 | wants to buy this lamp. So have another idea and this is the |
|
| 100:31 | . They wanted to find a place there's channels and that channel went through |
|
| 100:38 | shallow flow, flowing sand. So they drill in the middle of the |
|
| 100:42 | , they wouldn't hit it, then can deviate over when they, when |
|
| 100:47 | interested in getting to their prospect. to try to find a place where |
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| 100:54 | been eroded by a channel and try as a method. And in doing |
|
| 101:02 | , we look at the CD P right here and note where they hit |
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| 101:11 | channel. If you look at this here where you're hitting a channel |
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| 101:18 | you're used, this has been it's been eroded away. You can |
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| 101:22 | it and lo and behold a very offsets. You have a response, |
|
| 101:29 | come down here very far offsets. have this big response down here. |
|
| 101:36 | is more like a myth, uh change. Here's another mythology change down |
|
| 101:43 | more for all such general deposits. , why do we get them type |
|
| 101:55 | amplitude response on the for races? don't know, I know I've asked |
|
| 102:00 | people, what they think all I think of is you might have a |
|
| 102:05 | cut in here and over here you've beds laid down horizontally. Then in |
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| 102:17 | you have totally different mythology sitting in . And now when your reflection comes |
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| 102:23 | there on the far offset, you're have differences horizontally on your lithology. |
|
| 102:30 | you're gonna see this to have a offset range, different mythology, different |
|
| 102:38 | ratio. So we have channel signatures mythology signatures sitting here. Channel |
|
| 102:54 | not predictable with ray theory modeling. gotta use some type of a vo |
|
| 103:01 | or not eat that find a difference . How do we count for these |
|
| 103:12 | ? Actually, I called surface of virginity. When you laid the, |
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| 103:17 | you before this channel cut through these were rigid shield layers being laid |
|
| 103:25 | here. Then all of a sudden came in, you reduce the rigidity |
|
| 103:30 | this surface right in here. And I have an idea. It might |
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| 103:34 | why we get these signatures on the offset. It's a di difference in |
|
| 103:42 | , rigidity shows itself on the far sense. OK. Everybody is leaving |
|
| 103:49 | , everybody the whole world. They walked down my glass. I think |
|
| 103:54 | because the beer were in a, take a 10 minute break and we'll |
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| 103:59 | back together as soon as we get refresh of beer. All righty. |
|
| 104:11 | you say so how we doing over in? Never, never land, |
|
| 104:17 | ever land. Does that still Michael's never, never land. Wasn't |
|
| 104:29 | in Nevada? Some work? What it? What was that guy's last |
|
| 104:39 | , Mike Jackson, Michael Jackson. . OK. Some of the other |
|
| 104:53 | sensitivity to geological boundaries, future application long offsets. Kurt Mort used to |
|
| 105:08 | here at the University of Houston. he teach you a course here |
|
| 105:11 | Uh OK. Did he tell you his experience with a Devon data set |
|
| 105:21 | they did a, a vo Measurements before they went out and start |
|
| 105:29 | the field. Then after many years fracking, they sought the same 3D |
|
| 105:34 | again. Did he tell you about one? Well, they were not |
|
| 105:42 | they went ahead and did the first survey got the an isotopy properties of |
|
| 105:55 | boundaries. Shiel laying down, blew hell out of that shell and measured |
|
| 106:04 | . But the interesting one when they back, they find there's no |
|
| 106:13 | It all disappeared after the fracking. like that. Because luckily I |
|
| 106:23 | bought with me my for my private , a sample of shell, you |
|
| 106:31 | what is shell, it's rigid. push this way, I can't bend |
|
| 106:38 | get more. But I go this , it depends very easily like Leon |
|
| 106:44 | had in his course. So that this direction horizontally is faster than this |
|
| 106:52 | because it's stiffer horizontally than it is . Since it has such a |
|
| 107:03 | The law, it's highly anisotropic. an intrinsic property of shale because of |
|
| 107:10 | place that lays down now, go and blow this all to pieces and |
|
| 107:18 | got a bucket of jelly. It's same velocity every direction. It doesn't |
|
| 107:24 | any anisotropy in it. The same is for the seal capacity, the |
|
| 107:33 | isotopic the shell is over your The better the chances in having a |
|
| 107:41 | seal capacity, then if it had lower an isotopic medium, there are |
|
| 107:56 | that Tariq measure sealing shale is prone high A values A is the anisotropy |
|
| 108:12 | between the stacking velocity and the normal the P wave velocity offset greater than |
|
| 108:30 | times the depth long wave would destroy amplitude on large offsets. Why |
|
| 108:50 | the very far offsets? And we're have an objective and what it is |
|
| 109:00 | want the frequency content of the wavelength the very short offsets to be the |
|
| 109:07 | as the frequency content. Great, big offsets. Can we do |
|
| 109:14 | And our motivation is if you can the same frequency content on all |
|
| 109:23 | all angles, when we go for inversion, you're gonna get a better |
|
| 109:32 | . It's a better result for fracture , better result for determining what the |
|
| 109:38 | is and they get better high resolution images. No, the biggest |
|
| 109:49 | biggest advantage I like is this You will provide interpreters with data they |
|
| 109:57 | seen before. And when you give interpreter data, they never dealt |
|
| 110:02 | they have a new tool and that tool brings what new anomalies, different |
|
| 110:08 | that they've never seen before. They even know the science. They don't |
|
| 110:14 | because they haven't seen it yet. that's what really becomes very important. |
|
| 110:21 | an example here, it's way with here before you do normal move |
|
| 110:33 | This is a raw CD P gather you have offsets about zero here and |
|
| 110:41 | had great big offsets, you maybe at ma notice that when you |
|
| 110:50 | a critical angle reflection, I have seat, you can have events from |
|
| 110:58 | deeper horizon actually supposed to be above horizons. Say that another way do |
|
| 111:10 | move up? What do you want move off to be? You wanna |
|
| 111:14 | flat events? OK? If you flat events see this in red zone |
|
| 111:19 | here. When you flatten that top , you need that red zone right |
|
| 111:25 | . That's the number eight. When flatten the green horizon, you're gonna |
|
| 111:35 | that on it. That's gonna have number eight. So all of a |
|
| 111:42 | you got the same subsurface point on layers and then it becomes even worse |
|
| 111:51 | look at this one here. That way down here. But you're moving |
|
| 111:57 | all the way up to there because also supposed to be on the show |
|
| 112:06 | . So we find that we have data loss and we normally just mute |
|
| 112:13 | out of the seismic and don't deal it when we go ahead and move |
|
| 112:24 | data out the data in between here near those two reflections that's gonna stretch |
|
| 112:32 | this when you go out to depths are two times. Goff says there |
|
| 112:42 | two times the death you stretch that , but 41% you're changing the |
|
| 112:50 | you're changing a 40 hertz to a hertz wavelength by doing that. And |
|
| 112:58 | when you go out to the extreme three times the wave, it's almost |
|
| 113:03 | twice as fast. It has to to weight Watchers after it gets normal |
|
| 113:08 | on. Correct. Yeah, that's funny thing. Let's look at an |
|
| 113:18 | . Here is a ray theory synthetic it was normal mover was done by |
|
| 113:27 | the exact time you have to shift data up in order to nor move |
|
| 113:33 | . I specifically programmed this the model that you get this phase reversal on |
|
| 113:43 | red arrow type of thing. rather than ray theory, I wanna |
|
| 113:51 | the elastic synthetic. This is the world. There's no stopping the energy |
|
| 113:57 | this location here. You're gonna get to come in there. Now, |
|
| 114:02 | at this stuff right here, look that. Who does that belong |
|
| 114:08 | It's sitting way up there. You're in this horizon here. Well, |
|
| 114:18 | about here you don't gain anything in , but we want more. So |
|
| 114:27 | down here. And when you normal are correct this horizon, we do |
|
| 114:35 | with a static Gretchen. We're only normally move our correct this one |
|
| 114:42 | We're gonna do it with a static . And when we do that with |
|
| 114:45 | static shift, look at what This bed has basically the same frequency |
|
| 114:54 | from here all the way up. says you get on the far |
|
| 114:58 | that's a critical angle reflection. Look it came from. All this data |
|
| 115:09 | actually the longest down here is that ? You darn too into this. |
|
| 115:15 | this is your zone of interest, gonna give you a lot of Avio |
|
| 115:22 | all the way out there where before stuck with this very short beast. |
|
| 115:28 | , looking at this, yes, have even dipping down and into |
|
| 115:34 | But I can get rid of I can get rid of those dipping |
|
| 115:38 | with some filtering FX filtering. We'll rid of it. I know I'm |
|
| 115:44 | in my zone of interest. So it dips. So everything from here |
|
| 115:52 | and like this right in here that will disappear and I'll still have my |
|
| 115:58 | of interest unaffected now by the dipping . No people would do this by |
|
| 116:09 | migration, it preserved the wave. I wanna show something that I kind |
|
| 116:16 | wish that there's somebody that is entrepreneur willing to build a new processing system |
|
| 116:26 | it's a new philosophy. Let me you on field date and what we |
|
| 116:33 | this is the Caspian Sea. The of interest is between these and hard |
|
| 116:38 | beds and there's a major fault you see right there. And so what |
|
| 116:47 | gonna do as I wanna remigrate the in here in order to target the |
|
| 116:56 | . So here's my new image point there. I wanna show you how |
|
| 117:02 | migration is gonna be done. And this new time. So here's my |
|
| 117:09 | point. That's D zero. And have a source and a receiver over |
|
| 117:15 | . And it reaches this point that trying to image the source receiver will |
|
| 117:23 | that point. And I can figure time and that time is T one |
|
| 117:30 | two T two. This plus that over there. So if there was |
|
| 117:34 | reflection, if there was a bed here like that, dipping this trace |
|
| 117:43 | have it, have it right So we're gonna assume that that bed |
|
| 117:49 | there and we move this energy And if it was really there, |
|
| 117:54 | next trace we get over was superpose it. But if it wasn't really |
|
| 118:00 | , then adding all these traces together go to a sum of zero, |
|
| 118:05 | won't add together. So we we can take this whole trace and |
|
| 118:14 | it up like this. So what have done is I have migrated the |
|
| 118:25 | from down here up to where it right here. That's one way of |
|
| 118:30 | of it. Now, let's do another way. Here's my energy that |
|
| 118:41 | have come from over here. So have my travel path piece of R |
|
| 118:48 | T of S and that's this piece Rs that's gonna go over to this |
|
| 118:55 | right here. Now, when I this once race and I contributed to |
|
| 119:02 | image trace right here, I take and move it over. But in |
|
| 119:11 | so, I've migrated it and I my move back, directed it. |
|
| 119:17 | Norma Lubar Correction is the bad guy the crowd. He's what makes you |
|
| 119:23 | . He's the one that offers you in the middle of the night. |
|
| 119:27 | so we gotta get rid of that . And so what we're gonna do |
|
| 119:33 | before we place the energy right final energy, we're gonna believe that |
|
| 119:39 | was a source and receiver here pseudo had the same separation. So we |
|
| 119:45 | compute the amount of time it takes come down to here and back |
|
| 119:50 | we can compute the normal move out . Then what are we gonna do |
|
| 119:55 | rather than put the energy here like was, we're gonna move it |
|
| 120:02 | So now that's been migrated but not MOOC correctly. And that's the whole |
|
| 120:09 | how to do this. Show an . Here's some layers here is the |
|
| 120:18 | of interest sitting in here. There the three layers and when I |
|
| 120:24 | I correct it, lo and it just got garbage in here really |
|
| 120:32 | . But my zone of interest, the key you pick a horizon right |
|
| 120:36 | . That's my really my zone of good. No, let's do the |
|
| 120:43 | wide angle processing where these have been but no normal move up. Now |
|
| 120:50 | at the energy on this trace, can get rid of this and that |
|
| 121:00 | because they dip and I can filter ah leaving just the horizontal energy here |
|
| 121:11 | called swap. So now I'm going show you some examples. This is |
|
| 121:16 | stack from 0 to 26 degrees. is 26 to 35 angle degrees. |
|
| 121:25 | the fault it's sitting right there. a high velocity in high letters |
|
| 121:32 | Our sands are in between those high layers, but these folk compartments look |
|
| 121:39 | them. Now, I'm gonna go and take this horizon and I'm going |
|
| 121:45 | flatten on it. So Latin and will show you a CD P gather |
|
| 121:52 | at this location. Conventional processing, do this to the near trace to |
|
| 122:01 | far look at the far trace. twice as fat as it was on |
|
| 122:07 | near trace. Use the seismic wide processing which I described to you. |
|
| 122:14 | basically not allowing normal move out to . And what happens look at the |
|
| 122:20 | in the far trace. I mean just not the answer the shape, |
|
| 122:24 | the same as the mirror and that like three times the depth offset. |
|
| 122:32 | I look at processing conventional, here's 0 16 degree angle stack, if |
|
| 122:40 | look at the far angle stack. here's the fault. Remember this was |
|
| 122:45 | surface of that hill and it was fault in the middle, the control |
|
| 122:54 | that is such low frequency, it's , but that's to the near and |
|
| 123:02 | very far off the angles that lo behold when we now look at the |
|
| 123:07 | 35 to 50. Look at the and fault traps that we're getting that |
|
| 123:14 | of inferred up here, but they're easier to see down here. What |
|
| 123:27 | gonna show you one seismic line show difference. There's a seismic line that's |
|
| 123:37 | from 9500 station to 13,000. The that you see is, there's a |
|
| 123:44 | P gather at 13,000 station 13 shot 13,000 and here's the amplitude, it's |
|
| 123:51 | color gray. And so all the out here, there are amplitudes. |
|
| 123:56 | here is the amplitude at 12,000 and Keller tells you what the, so |
|
| 124:02 | the way out to here is the shot point CD together at my zone |
|
| 124:09 | interest time. What am I supposed do with that? Look how this |
|
| 124:16 | varies and varies right here. that's because I have offset and not |
|
| 124:25 | angle. Well, I know the of interest I'm in interested in. |
|
| 124:30 | we can correct. Now we go it's dipping the offset angle. Now |
|
| 124:36 | at the amplitude right here. It's that, right? And this right |
|
| 124:42 | like a critical angle is flat. is what we're looking for right near |
|
| 124:49 | is our zone of interest. But we can see it, we're |
|
| 124:53 | we had a hard time deducing So you have a preservation improves the |
|
| 125:04 | to noise ratio, better structure, Avio it can extend to the beans |
|
| 125:10 | and et cetera. So that was one again, processes such as that |
|
| 125:20 | provide data again for interpreters, they're ones who are gonna find the next |
|
| 125:25 | hydrocarbon indicator. Now I've gone through of them fractures time sequences, various |
|
| 125:36 | that you can look at in a far traces things even such as will |
|
| 125:41 | see permeability pathways if we go to very far offset, if we have |
|
| 125:48 | have a critical angle where those peril show up. So the future challenges |
|
| 125:58 | a historical viewpoint, the major exploration NAV O in Geophysics here will come |
|
| 126:07 | you, the interpreter, it doesn't from the research lab. The research |
|
| 126:12 | only did it after the interpreters found . They try to then prove the |
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| 126:19 | . Hey, give the interpreter the they need. It's something. |
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| 126:23 | look at the interpreter provides the verification a risk reducer. Interpreter provides economic |
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| 126:36 | . The reason we keep saying they've seen more data and they know |
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| 126:41 | answer to expect, not a technical , but from a technical viewpoint, |
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| 126:49 | necessary to continue basic research even though may lay dormant for 5 to 20 |
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| 126:57 | . But more importantly, provide technical in a timely fashion to validate and |
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| 127:04 | on novel interpretations. Remember a vo when Clod started it, it took |
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| 127:14 | years before his paper came to light . The main thing long offset shooting |
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| 127:23 | put them together new technology. That's for you as young people to |
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| 127:29 | out what have we come? What's , is artificial intelligence really gonna be |
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| 127:35 | lifesaver or is there something else that can use? And as they |
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| 127:42 | you can see me, do I like I'm preaching to the choir. |
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| 127:48 | other words, you've heard this It's the same old, same |
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| 127:51 | So at the end of my here, I thank you for your |
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| 127:56 | and happy prospect. OK? Any ? If not, we could talk |
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| 128:05 | the quiz. If you'd like, shakes their head. Why did you |
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| 128:10 | so long for it? You've been about the quiz all long? |
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| 128:17 | Oh, I didn't want that. , damn. It. I didn't |
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| 128:22 | those. Can I get, get of him now? Oh, they're |
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| 128:44 | on there. OK. I'm OK. I am open to |
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| 128:52 | Audience here. Questions just trying to organized here. I want to ask |
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| 129:17 | questions. Nobody. Everybody's had a to look at it. Thank you |
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| 129:27 | in the, in the study The last question requires to use the |
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| 129:35 | . The modeler. Are we going use it for the final quiz? |
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| 129:41 | what the tips for? The last that says that it's selling points. |
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| 129:50 | can't use tips because some of you have a computer. You have, |
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| 129:55 | have a uh Apple brand and this not work on Apple, works on |
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| 130:01 | windows type of environment. So this is not going to be, or |
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| 130:07 | this exercise is not going to give anything to do with tips. |
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| 130:12 | sorry, I wish I could because all the easy questions. Yeah. |
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| 130:20 | . Well, I'm telling you the . Ok. The first page of |
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| 130:36 | quiz, not all those names are be on there. And what I'm |
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| 130:45 | do, there's as many names I'm give you choices on what they're known |
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| 130:54 | . For instance, if you're looking your quiz now that I handed |
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| 131:00 | you'll see the very first thing's name Otto Schofield. What's he known |
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| 131:05 | 1955? He introduces the fact that amplitudes with offset determines lithology above and |
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| 131:14 | a boundary, you know, 1955 know, would come and all we |
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| 131:22 | go over, but he is known extended elastic and beans. He's a |
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| 131:27 | person. So elastic and beans. developed a Koran version. Gasman |
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| 131:38 | You realize that's not his real right? He's the guy that helped |
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| 131:43 | go from, from water to the gas man. Ok. Theoretical |
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| 131:49 | . He's, that's really not, really his real name. Ok, |
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| 131:56 | Goodway. Lamb Dore. Ok. else wanted to know you're gonna have |
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| 132:15 | to most of the day that this be one of the last, |
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| 132:21 | you only do the ones you at first. Now, I want |
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| 132:25 | take some of these out. You do the ones, you know, |
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| 132:27 | first and then do you have time over? You do search and it |
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| 132:36 | search the name, find the paper I gave you because normally that's where |
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| 132:40 | gonna be. It's gonna be out one of the 5557 papers I gave |
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| 132:45 | . So usually you can read the to find out. Is that what |
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| 132:49 | guy is famous for? Gal? . Number two, we didn't, |
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| 133:04 | didn't, we didn't see describe erroneous using two D data. Most of |
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| 133:12 | sideswipe is what the problem is. flexed when he migrated, discuss and |
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| 133:27 | how the following factors affect the P velocity of a rock. There's a |
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| 133:33 | of that and section two, what rock properties govern the P wave and |
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| 133:43 | wave velocity. What elastic properties are ? Normally we think of the sheer |
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| 133:56 | in bulk modulus, of course, by the density, but it's the |
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| 134:01 | margins, the sheer margins that become to us because we could say just |
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| 134:07 | 2.2 for the density and you're not be far off. That's true compared |
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| 134:12 | Bach Marsh's rigidity. That's the, a big variant variant. Write Wally's |
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| 134:21 | average equation. Who's Wiley Golf That's the del of t you |
|
| 134:29 | That's in the rock physics. You all this time average equations shown any |
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| 134:39 | these in here. II, I like going through more. Can somebody |
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| 134:43 | tell me one that they don't Could you just talk, could you |
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| 134:50 | a little about number nine? I mean, I understand it to |
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| 134:57 | degree but I wanna make sure I'm the same or I'm understanding it |
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| 135:02 | But, so how normal incidents and relate to rock properties. Um, |
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| 135:09 | then it's more the second part um, how N I pr A |
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| 135:17 | and in IP NIS are related and , I found some equations to relate |
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| 135:23 | . But um yeah, sorry, stop ring. OK. Well, |
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| 135:30 | again, because I blabber too much go on. This is section five |
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| 135:37 | you didn't yet see in, in section five. It's a not |
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| 135:43 | , right folks but me. Uh it's very important I think because what |
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| 135:50 | do, you can go ahead and Poisson's ratio on one axis, an |
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| 136:00 | impens on the other axis. So a natural log of acoustic impedance and |
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| 136:06 | ratio. And you get those of uh a well log that has density |
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| 136:18 | P wave plot uh given to you sheer weight. Then you're gonna see |
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| 136:28 | is where a coal will fall in plot. Here is where limestone will |
|
| 136:42 | . Yeah, let me see if can get back online here. |
|
| 137:15 | What am I looking for now? ? No, I hit zoom. |
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| 137:24 | What am I looking for after I to Zoom? Oh Goddamn thing. |
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| 137:33 | . Oh sure. Uh They, may help you seriously. Ok. |
|
| 137:44 | folks. OK. You can, can build a box where you have |
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| 138:08 | I natural log of acoustic of beans you have voice songs ratio on here |
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| 138:17 | you will find, you will find that a shell plots right here and |
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| 138:24 | a sandstone right up here. It's over here and there is another sitting |
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| 138:34 | there. No, this is the log of A I The scales that |
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| 138:49 | put in here are specially designed that talks about in the chapter. And |
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| 139:00 | how are we gonna use this? going to go to a CD P |
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| 139:10 | and on a CDP gather we're going find and I and pr now this |
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| 139:31 | from a CD P gather. Just , a piece of paper. Then |
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| 139:36 | come in here and that distance is I, the difference in natural log |
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| 139:43 | this distance here happens to be pr I draw a line like this. |
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| 139:58 | that's parallel to this line that connects lithos as a possible candidate or what |
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| 140:17 | reflection came from. So you find I and pr and that chapter shows |
|
| 140:26 | how to do that on the No, this tells us since I |
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| 140:34 | this vector, that this line right here says that sandstone over coal is |
|
| 140:41 | possibility. I can tell you immediately the line that is not a |
|
| 140:52 | So, Calcite and salt, that's a possibility for that reflector. And |
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| 141:00 | we once parallel to that line, is what mine's about. It's calibration |
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| 141:09 | Chuy's equation which I it's my, little device. Gotcha. So, |
|
| 141:19 | so I'm understanding, it says like uh you know, N I pr |
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| 141:25 | those are related is it, is N I the same as A |
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| 141:33 | the same as N IP. Is correct? NN I is the difference |
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| 141:40 | the natural law of acoustic of N I is equal to one half |
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| 141:48 | natural lo natural log of acoustic appearance the lower medium minus the natural log |
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| 141:56 | the acoustic convenience of the upper And so this vector that I drew |
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| 142:04 | here, that's an I pr can related to the difference in acoustic impedance |
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| 142:16 | reflectivity, it can be related. the length of this vector is pr |
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| 142:27 | OK, that line then tells you possible solution. Anything that any two |
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| 142:37 | that fall on them. It's a , I'm sorry that we didn't go |
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| 142:47 | that. It's 11 did I have time, but it's an easy chapter |
|
| 142:54 | read. Since I didn't really go that chapter. I would not ask |
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| 143:00 | in depth question such as number any other questions you might have? |
|
| 143:13 | we go over number 611 2nd, got, you have to, you |
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| 143:17 | to yell, I can hear Oh uh um OK. Number |
|
| 143:32 | right. Riley's equation. It says number five, at the end are |
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| 143:37 | estimates from velocity more stable for high low velocities. OK. Good question |
|
| 143:47 | the book. There's in the there is wild this time average equation |
|
| 143:54 | . And then at one point there's fudge factor that's added. And what |
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| 144:00 | says is is if a shell velocity any lower than this, you gotta |
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| 144:07 | this correction in order to get the density process. That's where we compare |
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| 144:15 | various methods, various transforms of velocity density. The answer is that it's |
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| 144:23 | accurate for high velocities. While they that the equation is for high |
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| 144:29 | That's what they use up in Alaska determine the distribution of a royalty among |
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| 144:38 | folks up there. It's a very velocity limestone and that's it. The |
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| 144:49 | T relates more to porosity changes than floor. And so gas versus |
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| 144:58 | that's not gonna change the results. . There's another question from the |
|
| 145:10 | So we wanted to ask from the . Never, never land. Can |
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| 145:13 | go over? Number six, Number six, discuss the difference between |
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| 145:19 | transfer for density is a function of and art goes density and velocity of |
|
| 145:28 | . Jerry Garner published that 19 A that velocity density is equal to 0.23 |
|
| 145:47 | raised at the quarter power where velocity in feet per second in density gras |
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| 145:53 | CC ARCO said that's fine, except did you get the number 0.23 and |
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| 146:01 | number 0.25 in that equation. And pointed out, you gonna have a |
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| 146:10 | two numbers for San and another two shell, they can't have the |
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| 146:16 | same numbers. There's a significantly And that's shown in the rock section |
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| 146:24 | , right after I plot Jerry's we have Arcos and that was a |
|
| 146:31 | of work with John Cagna in this at Argo. Understood. You gotta |
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| 146:39 | , you gotta put mythology in Velocity equals 0.23 velocity of the quarter |
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| 146:47 | that fits everything, everything. But you want to become more accurate, |
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| 146:55 | it again, but separate the sand the shell rep, plot the data |
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| 147:00 | get a best fit others. Number expressed the normal normal incidence equation in |
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| 147:19 | various forms. They are able to N I when a natural log acoustic |
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| 147:27 | form is used well, the normal as the acoustic competence of the lower |
|
| 147:36 | , acoustic competence of thought divided by sum of the two beings. That's |
|
| 147:42 | one. The second one says difference density divided by the sum plus the |
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| 147:49 | of velocity divided by the cell is the normal incidence. And then finally |
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| 147:57 | half the natural log lower and beans its upper bes gives you the normal |
|
| 148:07 | . OK. Uh No, be to interpret N I when the natural |
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| 148:33 | form is used if I give you different mythologies, what I want you |
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| 148:43 | do is draw an axis and label axis natural log a row V and |
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| 148:56 | a number 6.24. And that's that's goofy number. That's where salt |
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| 149:05 | right up there. OK. That's shale, 1.6. That's |
|
| 149:22 | Now, these are the nat this 0.5 the natural log of acoustic and |
|
| 149:29 | . If I want to know what's reflection coefficient from coal to salt, |
|
| 149:37 | start here and I draw that arrow that distance. That distance is the |
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| 149:46 | of acoustic and beans natural log. that distance represents an N I. |
|
| 149:53 | , of course, that's six But what you can do is draw |
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| 149:59 | vector right there and say, this N I is four times |
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| 150:06 | then there's other N I therefore, reflection of coal of the salt. |
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| 150:15 | me, the reflection of coal off will be four times bigger than shale |
|
| 150:32 | a salt. That's the interpretation. . Others uh what about 14 be |
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| 150:56 | to predict the A VR responses from Chewy Frost plot section five. |
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| 151:08 | Uh Let me see if that was hearing. Uh Oh, so, |
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| 152:01 | again, you're gonna have the natural of A I over sigma and you're |
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| 152:10 | have one point here and another point there. Hm. And this is |
|
| 152:28 | sand and this is gas sand and is shall what this tells me is |
|
| 152:41 | I go from water sand vertically So when it's the same as |
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| 152:55 | that's a negative N I and then go the horizontal distance from shell, |
|
| 153:07 | my pr now, these are related to each other, the NIM pr |
|
| 153:26 | coefficient and I coastline squared plus pr squared, you can think of taking |
|
| 153:44 | distance and I for water over put it into here in here and |
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| 153:53 | the cosine zero, what it might , then do it 30 degrees. |
|
| 153:58 | can see how the water over the , under shale will be different from |
|
| 154:08 | over shale. These both have gas shale has the same pr it's the |
|
| 154:17 | incidence is the difference right here. give you what the A VL will |
|
| 154:23 | like. These cross plots. The is you can measure distances and easily |
|
| 154:35 | that to what the A vo response be. It, it's a visual |
|
| 154:42 | of seeing how big an empathy should and uh whatever point you start on |
|
| 154:56 | like we did started at water and to shale. That is saying you're |
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| 155:01 | from like water sand to a Yeah, you went downward. So |
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| 155:05 | negative when I go from, from sand over the shield horizontally, of |
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| 155:13 | , that's pr but that also is negative direction down and to the left |
|
| 155:19 | negative just like an XY or And so I get a measurement, |
|
| 155:25 | physical measurement of this being three that's five inches. Think of three |
|
| 155:30 | up here. Five inches over Now, what if you go from |
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| 155:35 | to 30 degrees? You got reflection , you can tell how it |
|
| 155:42 | Of course s square 30 degrees is 0.25. It's a prediction tool. |
|
| 156:07 | here have a question. Another one some people aren't, they're falling |
|
| 156:13 | They know this already. Uh Can ask about number 16, number |
|
| 156:31 | know how to generate the intercept ingredients a CD P gather? OK. |
|
| 156:53 | I'm trying to think if it's any besides chapter five, everybody's picking on |
|
| 156:58 | five. Uh I think it was about in 61 and 61 of our |
|
| 157:23 | . Oh, ok. Um Mine's ahead. I can only think of |
|
| 158:05 | . Chapter five. Let me write a little note here. Yeah, |
|
| 159:14 | in five and it's uh yeah, a very short equation but it, |
|
| 159:21 | not gonna be digestible uh on the . Um Which, which one was |
|
| 159:32 | ? Uh 16? If I see problem is if I get it, |
|
| 159:43 | gotta get out of the, sharing screen and back end, sharing the |
|
| 159:47 | and I get lost. Uh Anything 10 steps. I can't do be |
|
| 159:57 | dancing pro procedure. Another question and , I'll look at that's section |
|
| 160:07 | Did anybody bring it? Oh, , you don't have my book. |
|
| 160:19 | OK. Bye. No. How number 11 no. How to, |
|
| 160:31 | ? Why does a spin bed formula predicting seismic camp? What about |
|
| 160:40 | We had was the equation itself. , why this is equation? That's |
|
| 160:49 | we had the examples of a thin under a, a thick bed changing |
|
| 160:56 | frequency of what happens if the frequency , frequency increases, the reflection increases |
|
| 161:06 | bread gets thinner, the app two . Um If you reflect off of |
|
| 161:19 | thick bed, you have the seismic , whatever one is, if you |
|
| 161:27 | off of a thin bed, you derivatives of that wavelength. If you |
|
| 161:35 | the frequency content on the seismic section you start from low and you gradually |
|
| 161:45 | up to high frequency pil green really . The dominant reflections that remain of |
|
| 161:53 | frequency or parts of a thick bed the thin be will go away at |
|
| 162:01 | low frequency. It'll start to appear the higher frequency. Additional questions. |
|
| 162:27 | ? 21 you're going to be required convert a P wave velocity to a |
|
| 162:47 | wave velocity. Now I'm gonna tell this and you're all gonna not you |
|
| 162:54 | there'll be 2 20% or 25%. forget what I said. It'll even |
|
| 163:03 | on the paper. I wanna give sheer wave velocity in kilometers per second |
|
| 163:11 | equal to minus 0.807 plus 0.562 VP sand in kilometers per second. |
|
| 163:21 | those are the wrong coefficients, but tell you what the coefficients are. |
|
| 163:26 | just applying that, you forget to from feet per second, the kilometers |
|
| 163:33 | second. How do you go from per second to kilometers per second? |
|
| 163:44 | go feet per second to meters per . 1st, 10,000 ft per |
|
| 163:55 | Watts, a meter 3.28 ft, ft per second, divided by 3.28 |
|
| 164:04 | meters per 2nd, 3200 m per . I'm gonna ask you to compute |
|
| 164:20 | density of a gas san. I give you the water saturation. I'm |
|
| 164:32 | give you the density of gas, gas. I wanna give you the |
|
| 164:38 | of water density of gas 0.25 g CC dancy of water. One point |
|
| 164:48 | grass C give it to I'm giving the porosity. You must find what |
|
| 165:01 | the density of the fluid? The is gas with water. So what |
|
| 165:10 | the density of the floor? You to know the water saturation, water |
|
| 165:18 | times the density of water plus one the water saturation times the density of |
|
| 165:26 | . It's the density of the Now, the density of the glass |
|
| 165:34 | is, what's the density of the , the grains times one minus the |
|
| 165:45 | then what's the density of the pore that you just compute it times the |
|
| 165:51 | ? So it's a two step Be sure to write everything out. |
|
| 166:03 | have a piece of scratch. I didn't get that scratch paper. |
|
| 166:10 | , what's that? That would be rock physics where I give you the |
|
| 166:24 | see the fluid with ferocity in water . So now you have the density |
|
| 166:38 | the gas sand, the density of shell. I wanna ask you to |
|
| 166:47 | the normal incidence reflection, gold I'm gonna give you the share wave |
|
| 166:57 | so that you can compute voice on . You're gonna have to compute ho |
|
| 167:06 | reflectivity and that is going to be used to compute the A vo at |
|
| 167:17 | degrees. We sketch that out and gonna sketch out one for the |
|
| 167:28 | I I'm not gonna give you enough to sketch the gas. A all |
|
| 167:36 | gonna be able to do is now the normal incidents you're only gonna know |
|
| 167:43 | normal incidence for the gas saturated But you already sketched out the Avio |
|
| 167:54 | it was water wet. And what you know when you put gas in |
|
| 167:59 | ? This could be parallel to And you guys, you have a |
|
| 168:05 | to start at, you know, low coincidence value both for the water |
|
| 168:10 | the gas. So you sketch the out. He goes oh then |
|
| 168:17 | you go down and get the No, win it. Oh, |
|
| 168:20 | low. Close enough. Mm. . For back of the paper uh |
|
| 168:38 | . So do you have densities? of all, don't forget units. |
|
| 168:45 | defeat. Predict density or this And I give you SWD Raw City |
|
| 168:57 | Water Center, how to compute the . Once this reflection I'll give you |
|
| 169:08 | equation for pr you gotta apply them . Please show me if you make |
|
| 169:20 | mistake in computing pr I can't Did you carry that number forward? |
|
| 169:27 | did it come from? I'm, stuck. If you show me how |
|
| 169:31 | got that particular number, then I you credit from then on, you |
|
| 169:36 | lose credit for everything. Once you an error, then plotting it, |
|
| 169:45 | just have to know the two curves parallel. I'm gonna give you a |
|
| 170:09 | lo curves and those well log we'll have a P wave density, |
|
| 170:35 | neutron pros density pros and log I am going to write on that |
|
| 170:51 | value I'm gonna, you're gonna give a sand at 15,000 ft and now |
|
| 170:57 | going to write what the velocity and density are. So we all use |
|
| 171:01 | same nu- numbers. You don't have use a scale to this number. |
|
| 171:08 | gonna give you a porosity with the and porosity with the neutron and the |
|
| 171:16 | zone and ask you what's the And you're gonna have to know that |
|
| 171:22 | you have a neutron and the how do you get the process of |
|
| 171:26 | zone itself and do the same thing not gasoline and ask now, how |
|
| 171:34 | you get them ferocity in the sand it's water. Well, you're gonna |
|
| 171:44 | to find, you're gonna have to the water saturation of the sand using |
|
| 171:59 | resistivity curve, but you don't have zero. So you don't have the |
|
| 172:14 | water in that particular section. I'm to call that way. You don't |
|
| 172:23 | the resistivity. That zone works more . You have to, excuse |
|
| 172:30 | I, I have to suck on peppermint to help my, my throat |
|
| 172:33 | gar on sun. Um You have say, oh, I remember |
|
| 172:44 | he had two equations. One, you knew what the gas and water |
|
| 172:50 | in the same interval and you get zero, that was the formation filled |
|
| 172:56 | water. But with the formations all , I had to use the other |
|
| 173:02 | which had the resistivity of economic How do you find the resistivity, |
|
| 173:08 | water? Then how do you apply to your zone of interest? That's |
|
| 173:25 | be there because I got it right . Sorry, a cold glass. |
|
| 173:48 | gonna have a thin bed equation. equation thin bed analysis. I gonna |
|
| 173:56 | you a thin bed. It's limestone the thin bed it's cool. They |
|
| 174:02 | the same thickness, same reflection Which one's gonna be the brighter |
|
| 174:14 | the limestone bed, the same thickness bed, where the cold, then |
|
| 174:22 | one is gonna give you for your and ask for a number. What's |
|
| 174:39 | equation? The equation is 45 B by lambda. What's the Lambda? |
|
| 174:52 | is the wavelength inside the interval of of 15 ft. How do you |
|
| 175:04 | the wavelength velocity times the period? . What's gonna have the bigger wavelength |
|
| 175:25 | or coal? You don't have I'm reading it off the exam paper |
|
| 175:40 | again. Then be one school, is limestone. They have the same |
|
| 175:55 | coefficient. Although one plus one minus one's gonna have the bigger amplitude of |
|
| 176:12 | in them. The thing is what counts is how far apart is reflection |
|
| 176:22 | the top, from the reflection on bottom as those two reflections get closer |
|
| 176:27 | closer together and closer and closer. soon, the overlap in the attitude |
|
| 176:33 | to zero. Well, if you from zero and you start going |
|
| 176:39 | the amplitude starts small as you go apart, farther apart, it gets |
|
| 176:45 | . So the separation of the reflection the top and reflection off the bottom |
|
| 176:51 | a plus minus minus plus. So go to plus minus, it's |
|
| 176:59 | You don't know the exact thickness. don't know exactly how much time |
|
| 177:05 | you know one thing. But if both have to go the same |
|
| 177:12 | it's gonna be, those spikes are be farther apart for a coal bed |
|
| 177:20 | from the top of the bottom, the limestone, limestone is gonna hit |
|
| 177:23 | first bed top in the bottom a faster than the pool. So the |
|
| 177:28 | is gonna be appearing to be So you're to because as they get |
|
| 177:36 | , just two spikes gets closer and . Rhyme Stone gets faster, turns |
|
| 177:41 | to be steel turns out to be work with real fast for goes real |
|
| 177:47 | . Get real close together. Nanosecond zero. Yeah. All the reflection |
|
| 178:06 | for class 123 and four. When gas charged now we're a war. |
|
| 178:18 | too. So you're gonna, this in the port. One fact is |
|
| 178:26 | a day. I was just going with a client how to interpret on |
|
| 178:32 | raw data when you had class 12 three and were put physical act. |
|
| 178:41 | data test 12 to within the class and gas parallel right? High is |
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| 178:57 | appetite. Class one plus two plus . Separation of the curves. When |
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| 179:04 | have class one, those curves real together wet and gas as you get |
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| 179:11 | as you go to class three, wet response is much different than the |
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| 179:17 | big separation between the appetites. You effective pressure. Hm. Back to |
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| 179:35 | chapter again, you have two ways affected pressure occurs. One is delivering |
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| 179:51 | and the other was a smack like ill like transformation. I will draw |
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| 180:00 | the effective pressures. I will draw diagram showing the hydrostatic pressure over burn |
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| 180:11 | and in between to affect pressure. there's an onset of abnormal pressure. |
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| 180:18 | wanna ask you what happens at the of abnormal pressure, continue the curve |
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| 180:28 | . Show me what this three different are gonna be. One just continues |
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| 180:37 | be normal pressure. Two, you high effective pressure spectator, ill white |
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| 180:45 | the other one, the disequilibrium you can do that just with the |
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| 181:00 | pressure curves that I draw. If remember the velocity is proportional to effective |
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| 181:10 | and unconsolidated sediments. Any questions OK. OK. I I had |
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| 182:02 | question. Yes. Go ahead. For number 30 the areas where the |
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| 182:12 | reflections would occur for 123 and four share all that. Chapter six. |
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| 182:21 | six, I have a question. it always um if you're in |
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| 182:30 | one and two, um are you going from like the shale into the |
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| 182:40 | and then you're going in the gas sand or sand into shale? Uh |
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| 182:46 | you're in? Oh, wait, think it's the opposite. I'm getting |
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| 182:52 | on like uh which lithology you're going and like which quadrants if that makes |
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| 183:05 | . OK. Like is quad, and two gas sand into shale, |
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| 183:21 | of which class and then quadrants three four shale into gas. Her uh |
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| 183:33 | and the gas in. Well, I'm, what I was looking there |
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| 183:42 | um le let's talk about class one where, where it's located. |
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| 183:56 | When I have a shell over I'm going to say a reflection that |
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| 184:14 | with offset the amplitude one in class . When I have a shell over |
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| 184:26 | Sand, the show Vergas in, wanna see both of those having about |
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| 184:33 | same slope, but they're gonna have different N I and how much is |
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| 184:41 | N I gonna vary in class one the same thing when I put it |
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| 184:47 | class two, then you farther Or class three. Uh hm |
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| 185:26 | I'm trying to because II I, we look at 30 B and |
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| 185:34 | we think of that first. What was interested in B and C is |
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| 185:45 | build a template, a rock physics , meaning that we on the |
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| 186:00 | draw a straight line for a shell a shell. Where would it what |
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| 186:05 | look at? Now draw me a line where you'd expect to see a |
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| 186:15 | over a wet sam and then a line of shell over a gas in |
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| 186:24 | should be parallel. It's what Doug talked about in his article. It's |
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| 186:37 | section six, um indicate the high low porosity zones. In section |
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| 186:52 | I have about eight slides that I through really quick and it shows the |
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| 186:58 | plot of a Yes Sam with porosity 18% to 32%. Then when you |
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| 187:10 | done, you see a direction on N I and B. When you |
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| 187:17 | the process, this is the direction the N I and B that you'd |
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| 187:22 | a point to follow um that's supposed go through the origin that a shell |
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| 187:41 | shell, that's a shell over a sand. That's a shove over a |
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| 187:52 | sam. It's a shell over shell increases in that direction. If this |
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| 188:18 | is a reflection and it's 10 ft . Where is the 20 ft gonna |
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| 188:30 | ? Why is that distance from the ? When I go from a wet |
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| 188:41 | , when I go from a wet to a gas sand wrong way. |
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| 188:47 | I go from May 20% gas saturation a 40% gas saturation. Where do |
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| 188:57 | , which way do I go? would be 40% gas saturated. That |
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| 189:14 | be 40% gas saturated. That's what had for B and C on that |
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| 189:28 | and also for eight. That's OK. Taylor. No, |
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| 189:45 | I guess I'm still confused on a OK. Most poorly worded by |
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| 189:53 | OK. It is a, I, I should have just said |
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| 190:10 | the B versus N I plot and this class 12 and three environments because |
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| 190:22 | the be over the N I you're gonna be going through class 12 |
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| 190:28 | three and four. But II yeah, it's like II I drew |
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| 190:45 | right there. Any other questions? hesitate. OK. I need volunteers |
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| 191:12 | grade the papers. They're all looking me, me, me, |
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| 191:22 | No, no. OK. Now gonna hold it on Wednesday and you |
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| 191:34 | , I'll send you a copy of quiz on Wednesday morning or Tuesday |
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| 191:44 | And what is, what's an appropriate limit? Dogs? $3 you think |
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| 191:52 | enough? Ok. You, you're , decided three hours is not |
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| 192:09 | So he, he cut it back two hours. No, or just |
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| 192:13 | this kid, don't you dear? after you. He's a sweet little |
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| 192:18 | , please. Ok. Any other ? It'll be going from 9 to |
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| 192:30 | . Now, did somebody need additional because of their work time? |
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| 192:36 | I, I work, uh, yeah, I wouldn't be able to |
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| 192:41 | until like at least five pm eastern . So I guess 4 p.m. |
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| 192:50 | I'm here. I cannot start until . You work also the same hours |
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| 192:56 | . Uh, from 8 to 5 the commute time. What, what |
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| 193:02 | zone in central? I live here Houston. What the hell are you |
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| 193:06 | over there? On what then? cannot, I cannot go all the |
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| 193:14 | . Like, oh, yeah. , you can't go most of the |
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| 193:18 | , you know, restricted drive. can't do when you're drunk, you |
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| 193:20 | . That's ok. I understand. appreciate that. Don't drive drunk. |
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| 193:29 | . Ok. Taylor. Taylor can't it. Carlos can't do it over |
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| 193:45 | and you, you can't do it . You work? I might, |
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| 193:48 | , my, I, I work hour shifts. 12 to 12. |
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| 193:54 | , talk of it. What? , the, what for? 12 |
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| 194:00 | 12? I work from 12 noon 12 midnight, 04 in the afternoon |
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| 194:05 | midnight. Right? Yeah. you're, you're not gonna be hindered |
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| 194:08 | much. Um, you might lose hours. Um, I think he |
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| 194:15 | noon. He didn't say four, said noon to midnight. Oh, |
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| 194:19 | to midnight. 00, ok. , all right, thank you, |
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| 194:24 | . Um, 24 hours. 24. 1 day then. |
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| 194:36 | I give you a day. No, I will absolutely not accept |
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| 194:47 | PDF file if it's not in the sequence. And that PDF file should |
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| 194:55 | , should include your worksheet. Your should specify to a line across it |
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| 195:05 | . The problem three problem four, like that is if you had a |
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| 195:11 | it, do you know where to ? Remember the more I got a |
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| 195:17 | , the more pissed off I get so that it affects your grade. |
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| 195:22 | make it easy on me. Um You got a day you work |
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| 195:32 | yourself. Uh Of course it's open . I mean, if you have |
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| 195:45 | tech com course that's open book. . Anybody here questions. Ok. |
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| 195:55 | it will be nine in the morning nine the next day. Nine |
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| 196:01 | You get it 99 Thursday, you it. Ok. Uh Any other |
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| 196:08 | you make it, you wanna make make it easier for me and project |
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| 196:17 | the face. So how do they you? I have an email |
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| 196:24 | E this is on your 713. my telephone number? So, on |
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| 196:44 | of that, uh, what's Oh, here it is. 252 |
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| 196:55 | the back. My name is Joe . No, in other words, |
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| 197:33 | call me that time. But other that, and that's on your |
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| 197:49 | All righty. Those sports. My of the great |
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