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COSC 1306 Introduction to Programming and Computer Science(Jaspal Subhlok-Shishir Shah) - 20talkabouttalk
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00:04 Okay. Hello everybody. My name just false a block and this is
00:09 talk meant I believe for the research class and the goal of this talk
00:16 too sharp on improve your skills of technical talks. So let's get to
00:22 topic. It is going to be underlying theme of what we're going to
00:27 today. It's not what you say a talk, but what the audience
00:32 that matters. Think of it, hear our talk and five minutes later
00:37 somebody asks you, let's say the was an hour long, what did
00:41 learn from the talk? And so, and you can describe that
00:46 just a few seconds usually. And want to people to remember the right
00:52 out of our talk, not something that you don't care about.
00:57 let's get to the basics. So this talk, I think it should
01:03 maybe 30 minutes, 45 minutes. gonna talk about a few sub topics
01:10 is the reasons for giving a how to organize it and then some
01:16 points, uh, dues and don't and then we'll conclude with that.
01:24 let's keep moving right along. some Acknowledgments. This talk is not
01:32 my own. I started off with talk by scott driscoll as Dartmouth college
01:37 I saw some years ago who himself used other sources in power berry.
01:45 , he is already university of north and uh, Bill Human. So
01:53 thing why you're giving a talk, extremely important to realize that a talk
01:59 a means to an end. There no such thing as a good talk
02:03 a bad talk. The point is you had a certain goal when you
02:08 preparing the talk, when you're giving talk was that goal achieved or
02:12 Okay, now, what would your be? Well? And of course
02:19 this, you're great depends on your . So that's a very good reason
02:24 sometimes you want to impress the audience because it has its own value,
02:28 want to be popular or you want be considered smart and brilliant. And
02:33 another very good reason. Finally, finally next, you want a
02:39 So with a PhD uh many of job interviews will include giving a
02:45 So you want to give a talk that you achieve the goal of getting
02:51 job. And finally, um research a lonely business and occasionally you get
02:59 chance to talk about it to And there is an always an a
03:04 desire to for other people to understand . You're suffering 24/7 for months,
03:12 years. And all of us want people to understand. So that's another
03:17 we're not gonna at this point, over. Uh you would do differently
03:24 each of these scenarios, but just it in the back of your mind
03:29 your goal is to achieve whatever the specific thing you're after, not just
03:37 give a talk and uh half jokingly when you go to your talk,
03:46 uh it sounds like the speaker is going to detail everything that no on
03:51 subject. And that's a really bad is never the goal in a single
03:56 . To detail a lot of And usually that one of the reasons
04:00 talk doesn't go well. And for your career, giving a good
04:06 is very important, extremely important. as important as the quality of your
04:13 . So it does make sense for to invest a little bit in developing
04:18 skills, moving on, what is talk good for and what it's not
04:25 for in a research setting. You talks, you have papers and you
04:30 one on one meetings and each of mediums is is good for some things
04:36 not the other. Here, we're to just focus on our talk.
04:40 is great for giving the context, is very important when you're talking about
04:47 research idea or your research work that done, it's extremely important and a
04:55 way for it to express it as is what's been done before, Why
05:01 your research important and what problems are open the overall context, your of
05:06 research versus what you actually did. things you can do well is an
05:13 and framework, what is the big , what does this research contribute and
05:18 methods you used to solve the So, those are the kind of
05:22 that are a big part of her ? And another thing that is unique
05:26 a talk but that you cannot do as well, at least in a
05:33 is to show your enthusiasm and You you like this work. This
05:38 a lot to you and you can that across an attack. Uh it's
05:44 it's a unique medium to be able do that. Not everything is good
05:51 a talk. Details, details, some details are necessary. We'll
05:57 We'll discuss this a little bit But generally speaking, attack is not
06:04 good way to get into too much of things and factual informations and currents
06:10 truths. So, those kind of are best left to the papers,
06:14 you do need to cover those at level in a talk to but it's
06:19 context central ideas talks as a way go details. You have to be
06:24 your men or may not get it if you just blindly include a lot
06:28 detail in the top. So now go over a structure of attack of
06:37 technical talk. So most technical talks these uh sections. Some you could
06:44 them slightly differently. Some details may different, but you typically start with
06:49 introduction then go to the main whatever it is of a talk then
06:56 go or some technical details and then conclude and that's followed up by usually
07:02 q a session. Right, So introduction. What do you
07:09 No surprises here. You define the ? What is the problem that you're
07:13 to solve, motivate the problem and audience? So you define the
07:21 Why should the audience care whether you it or not? We often overlook
07:26 you've forgotten why you were solving the because you've been working on the details
07:33 so long. But it's extremely important you define the problem and convince the
07:39 that the problem is important and doing where the audience, even though you're
07:46 starting wants to, it's for once know what has been done. What
07:51 you do? Another thing you need cover in the introduction is to discuss
07:57 state of the art, what else been done and what is not
08:01 It's extremely important, borrow speakers forget do these pieces, but it's,
08:07 introduction is very important and you need cover those and once you were done
08:13 all this, then you focus on specific contributions. You explain the key
08:21 and you provide a roadmap for the of the talk and hopefully if you
08:24 this nicely, then the audiences and to learn about the rest of the
08:32 . Next is the body, which the main content very broadly defined here
08:37 where we talk about the main experiments analysis, you list the main
08:42 and significance of the results. Sometimes see a talk where there's charts and
08:47 and whatnot, but no real good why those charts and graphs means
08:55 So the world is a better place you found those actual data or actual
09:02 , which is really not the results the significance of the results, which
09:05 a common weakness of talks. So to build those and uh at some
09:13 you would have to go into some detail. It's you know, it's
09:18 uh talk for uh for a magazine a newspaper, it is a technical
09:26 . So you have to be very here. You can present one or
09:32 key llamas or technical ideas. Don't to run through every technicalities. And
09:38 some point you may have to go details of something. And so here's
09:44 line descend into details briefly slowly and so that first that most people are
09:54 to follow you. And second, if they don't follow the detail,
09:59 they're still not like, you I have to leave now, I'm
10:02 following anything. They still get the idea. Uh this is a trade
10:08 whether to increase how much technical details include you want to keep talks at
10:15 high level so that people understand most the talk, but at the same
10:22 , especially if it's let's say its job interview you want to convince people
10:28 what you've done is not trivial. does require a lot of detailed analysis
10:34 insights and uh that's something only you a specific content you have and decide
10:42 the best way to manage these uh conflicting goals. Finally, the conclusions
10:51 here you summarize the key points and lost audience. So as you're going
10:57 the tar, it's more than likely some section of the audience has lost
11:03 despite your best attempts. So when reach the conclusions, you want to
11:09 sure that the audience still gets the home message. Yeah. So and
11:17 observations that have been confusing in the . Sometimes people ask what's the difference
11:23 abstract and conclusions? Certainly some of points in an abstract would be similar
11:29 points in the conclusions, but 11 to think about that is that what
11:37 things you can say at the end having spent Um this whatever 45 minutes
11:45 the audience that you could not have in the beginning, then those have
11:51 be there in the conclusion. Something learned and now you are distilling and
11:56 thing worse us. Something in the that was so high level that everybody
12:01 have followed anywhere very important in a , you talk about weaknesses. It's
12:10 it's a sign of strength if you able to say my work does A
12:16 and C. It cannot do the . G. H. I.
12:20 . And it's extremely helpful. It you look stronger and confident? And
12:26 just, just generally people get a better idea of what has gone on
12:31 it's always good to talk about open , you solved points to six and
12:38 , but 35 and nine are still there. Once again, that really
12:42 crystallize your work. You're in the , small piece of work in the
12:48 of the world um and gives an a good feel for what you did
12:53 . The minor points indicate that the is over. Just say thank you
12:58 said, this is this is this where it ends. I'm ready for
13:02 or something like that. Sometimes uh or just, you know, finish
13:08 and linger and then people are not if they should ask question, is
13:13 over or you just kind of So it's nice to have a chris
13:17 also, because sometimes that's the thing people remember those are the sections and
13:25 the actual content and the content is . Typically go to the Q and
13:31 section of the talk with audiences as ask questions and sometimes this is the
13:42 important part of the talk very it is very important, especially if
13:47 looking for a job. This is people are really testing you because the
13:52 target could have reversed God help and on and just put it together and
13:58 it beautifully and here is where the get to see how you react to
14:05 new situation, do you actually have depth of knowledge? Do you have
14:09 temperament to deal with an audience? just a few tips here large.
14:15 questions are really nice questions. They're requesting information, answer the best you
14:22 . And the only thing I'll add is to answer slowly and think about
14:28 , not just start talking and um, uh, then you're not
14:32 what you're talking about. So those the easy ones then sometimes, but
14:40 not all questions that you get at straightforward, You get some curveballs and
14:47 is the one where we're of course and generalizing the questioner wants to look
14:54 and knowledgeable. Okay, what's an of that kind of a question?
15:01 really starts talking about themselves and their and somehow they think that's related or
15:08 talk about some other research that they that they've heard. That sounds really
15:15 . And what do you, do hear this thing that they may or
15:18 not be correct, but you don't know too much about it. And
15:24 main thing is just very, very , be polite and complementary. So
15:30 is interesting. This seems very promising I'll look into it some more and
15:37 pay attention to that too. So only what you don't want to do
15:41 be in your face and say, , and what's that got to do
15:45 what I'm talking, right? So are important. Um, so
15:50 if you say, you know, a great point. That's excellent thinking
15:54 I'll look at it, you look at it more. But at
15:58 point I don't know enough about the to really get into a discussion with
16:03 , uh, they're happy and you're . So now here is the third
16:07 malicious questions. There may be intended may not. What's what's an example
16:15 a malicious question, you know, about it for yourself. I'm sure
16:22 heard them at different talks. So comes and says, uh, now
16:33 don't know why you're doing this research even though you had tried your best
16:40 uh, motivated and so on, you know, this, this whole
16:44 I think is irrelevant, right? another malicious question is that I don't
16:52 , I don't see anything that you're that couldn't be done with machine
16:56 right? So you're like, you , the reasons, but you don't
17:01 time with a very broad way to against all these sort of random
17:07 uh, from from nowhere. So way to deal with that is not
17:14 get into a back and forth about , you barely understand. If you
17:20 have a good answer, of course for it. But if it's just
17:25 wig and broad and uh all over place, then you don't want to
17:31 looking stupid talking about things that you know anything about. It's your
17:37 So the focus should stay on what saying, not anything anybody wants to
17:43 about. So one more time be and measured in response. Thank you
17:48 the question. That's an interesting way think about things then, um,
17:56 needed. If you don't really know question, the answer or the answer
18:00 so convoluted and complicated that even if were to deliver it, then,
18:05 know, most people won't get Standard line is, let's talk
18:09 It's perfectly fine. It's your Not the question is time to be
18:14 if it's not of interest to the audience. And finally be good at
18:20 , I don't know when somebody asked question that you do not know,
18:26 just say, I don't know, look confident, you look smart and
18:31 takes all the wind out of the . Worship You just kind of trying
18:37 talk your way out of it. start saying things midway through, you
18:41 that what you said doesn't make And then, uh, then you're
18:45 kind of, uh, ruffled and think carefully of the questions. If
18:51 have one answer. Great. If know very little about it,
18:55 I don't know none of us knows about everything. So it's perfectly
19:00 Do not know things that are not something you're around. You have actually
19:08 up in your talk finally um related these sections of introduction, body
19:19 We kind of skipped conclusions. And here it's important to remember for the
19:26 . So this is if you think it's very obvious that if you're talking
19:31 a general public, you probably want spend most of your time on introduction
19:37 the main content and very little and as you go into a more specialized
19:44 . For example, Cska Loki. , again, these are people who
19:50 computer scientists but don't know your specific . You still want to spend a
19:56 of time and introduction and body but have a little bit more on technicalities
20:04 you get closer and closer to people your kind of expertise, then you
20:10 go a little easier introduction more on body and more on technicalities. And
20:15 if you're at a focused workshop or of your type, then you go
20:21 that lighter on the introduction and spend time on the details. But one
20:28 I'd like to point out here is is always important. People uh much
20:34 often underestimate the introduction that is needed overestimate. So it's rare that you
20:41 too much time on introduction even when an expert audience, it still needs
20:46 be introduced and you still need to back into your frame of thinking before
20:52 get to the body and the All right now for the rest of
21:00 talk, we're going to talk about to do and things not to do
21:06 in many cases those would be And those would also be related to
21:11 of the things that uh that we've before. Okay. So the first
21:20 of things I would just go over in this slide and then we have
21:26 slides to go over some of the . So repeat key concepts. As
21:32 mentioned at the beginning of this when you come out of a one
21:38 talk and someone asks you what what the talk about? You usually have
21:43 , I don't know, 30 seconds 45 seconds to to save what the
21:49 was about. In fact, that's you remember. You want to make
21:53 that people remember the right thing what , some people call the take home
21:59 . So what we are doing it you repeat the same things more than
22:04 . It's perfectly reasonable uh to be be doing that. And in this
22:10 also you'll see that many key concepts been repeated in different ways and it's
22:17 that I forgot that. I already it before. It's intended If something
22:21 important. One way to emphasize it by repeating, I can just remind
22:28 assume you're I'm sure you've gone into and into a talk and somebody is
22:37 about some llama or something aram and are struggling to remember what it
22:43 And they go on and on because have essentially assumed that, you
22:48 and remember that your um and it be something that is in, you
22:53 , in an undergraduate computer science course , but that doesn't mean that you
22:58 everything. So instead of assuming uh people know, you remind them to
23:05 , you know, as the pythagoras says that the square of the some
23:11 the sides is equal to the square the hyper luminous. And then go
23:16 there were also saying, I assume knows what by the garden door my
23:20 pythagoras is and not said, so helps. Examples are really important.
23:31 less technicalities, more examples are really critical in making a good
23:38 So let's move on. Use logical . So you're just talk in a
23:46 , it's like a story, send order in which you uh you tell
23:52 is important and you have to pick order that makes the best sense to
24:00 uh an audience that's not familiar with subject and it takes some thinking because
24:05 are not someone who doesn't know much the subject, The audiences.
24:09 you have to think in terms of audience, how do I should I
24:13 an example in the beginning? Should put examples in the middle, shouldn't
24:17 put some key results in the beginning that is really important to have the
24:23 follow and stay engaged as much as , avoid forward references. So you
24:31 say, well, I'm gonna use results, I'm gonna prove it later
24:34 the later in this talk. And it is unavoidable. Uh, you
24:41 , it depends on BB, depends is so you have to do one
24:45 the other, but the most times is avoidable. If you organize the
24:51 right, that it step by you build a story instead of
24:55 you know, this story depends on story that I'm gonna tell you
24:58 Um, and such, so Usually a whole bunch of steps, so
25:06 want to motivate each step and tie back to the story, right?
25:11 you have some central goal here. every now and then whatever you're talking
25:17 , you say this is why this important. You may or may not
25:20 followed. I'm on step six and made my goals clear in the earlier
25:26 , you may or may not have remembering or clearly followed steps 1 to
25:31 , but this is why Stop six important and how it helps. Uh
25:37 main story or the main result that trying to, trying to get out
25:44 this, the main idea that I'm to build with this story.
25:51 one little detail here, the order which you're dead. The research is
25:56 relevant to the order in which you your talk. So a lot of
26:02 students would say you know I did that didn't work hard, I did
26:06 that works somewhat but there were issues I did this, nobody cares the
26:12 in which you did things and there have half hour. I want to
26:17 the best that you learned and the that you have if really if a
26:22 and C. You did something didn't out, didn't work hard. But
26:27 you have the that is a beautiful for the all the problems in the
26:32 . I'm just interested indeed. So yeah the order, forget the
26:39 Just just see the order that's important the order that makes sense to the
26:44 not the order in which you did work time time is precious. You
26:51 to size talk to time would leave time for audience interaction generally planned to
26:59 be done sooner rather than later, if it's a tightly time taught like
27:04 conference truck. And you also sometimes very hard to figure out how long
27:12 will take for those situations. Have plan, you can say that you
27:17 I'm gonna do A. B. . And has part one, part
27:22 , B. Has 12345. And has uh you know 12 and three
27:30 you want to check somewhere in the and in the middle and said look
27:35 things are really going slowly, I a plan where I skipped three and
27:40 and to hear and then get to end. So if you have this
27:44 as you are planning your talk, it will be much easier to implement
27:50 when you're doing, when you're actually the dark and most important, you
27:56 include everything. Okay. The idea a talk is that not start with
28:01 and then shrink it and shrink and it and until it fits the
28:05 you basically decide what's important enough to included in the talk and what's
28:12 And then you build from there, things are important, must be included
28:16 cover them in the talk and definitely doesn't have to be in the
28:21 That's the function of the papers to all the details, timing is
28:28 There are some little things uh you to be looking at the audience when
28:34 giving a talk. Uh some people , you know, looking at the
28:38 , some people are looking at their constantly on their feet. That's not
28:42 good idea, not just because it bad, it's also how you tell
28:49 the audience reaction. So once you at the audience, you have a
28:53 idea of where the audience stands and helps you helps you keep your talk
29:02 the right lower. And one thing see is people sometimes are constantly reading
29:09 computer science start, you don't want be reading out of a paper or
29:13 . Yes, you want to look your slides once in a while,
29:17 mostly you want to be talking to audience. So you also, this
29:28 was about the the ice part, is about the speaking and the ears
29:34 , you want to speak slowly. , some people, especially from other
29:39 have a habit of speaking very fast speaking slowly is always easier to follow
29:46 that's one of the issues you have clearly, it can be learned to
29:52 clearly and project your voice so you want to be shouting and you don't
29:57 to be whispering and uh the right may or may not be obvious to
30:02 , but you can ask your friend said there's a certain level at which
30:05 can reach the audience and uh but uh comes across is really loud and
30:14 little trick is positive. So once give a bunch of information or you're
30:26 from one sub topic to another or asked audience a question after that you
30:39 . Okay, so that's one thing learned while teaching is that when I
30:45 students sleeping in the front row, thing that would cause them to wake
30:51 wasn't me shouting and screaming or It was when I stopped talking for
30:59 more than 10 seconds that is like just suddenly wake up and say,
31:03 know, I don't know what's the, you know, the background
31:06 is gone. So anyway, so was deposit strategically as, um,
31:11 for organizing your talk more little things somewhere in the middle to this side
31:21 the size of font. That's But it's amazing how often you still
31:29 visuals that have tax sizes on this make them big enough so people can
31:35 . Um, sometimes it takes extra because you have a graph or something
31:39 the size is determined automatically. But your talk. You need to find
31:43 way to make things readable, try read this paragraph and think to yourself
31:50 wrong with it? So, so there's a reason that most starts have
32:07 and slides tend to be bullets. cannot have full paragraphs, full
32:12 full details on your view graphs. you need to organize and only have
32:18 key points there in a structure that's like these are the points on which
32:24 , you're talk is hanging. Those not the details of it. And
32:28 you put too many details, it's difficult and boring for the,
32:35 uh, for the audience to follow you're trying to put on yourself.
32:42 here's a visual with so many colors and so on. And the point
32:47 trying to make here is that it's to have visuals that are clear,
32:55 and distinguished and it's good to um, sometimes illustrations and animations and
33:03 on. But it's uh, you overdo it. You want to keep
33:10 simple but still be able to speak the audience. You don't need this
33:15 points and effects and so on. just sort of distracting. Richard,
33:21 want pictures, pictures are good, want visuals you want not just grass
33:26 , illustrations and whatnot. So for of reasons. One good picture can
33:37 start with the medal 1st. 1st all, good pictures are really worth
33:42 time you spend on them. That you have some good visuals. Really
33:48 help you explain the point that you're to make and it's hard to make
33:52 good picture and sometimes what you have and then you can use it over
33:56 over again to make your basic So pictures really help explain things.
34:02 a side issue here is that with good picture or even a good graph
34:07 a diagram and you can say many of explanation if you're short on time
34:13 one visual, it gets to the of it. So it's worth investing
34:17 diamond pictures. But this is not that you put a whole bunch of
34:22 from the bed and pack your um with it occasionally. Some funny visuals
34:28 good, but you want to make own visuals about your own talk uh
34:34 have the impact. Alright, this is do not get anxious. Of
34:41 you're getting anxious. Most stupid Someone can tell you is do not
34:45 anxious. That doesn't help you at . It makes you more anxious.
34:49 ? So, but how do you so it doesn't help somebody telling you
34:55 the talk. Do not to get . But there are things you can
35:00 to avoid getting anxious, okay. and those things have to be done
35:05 the days before. They are not the time, first and foremost,
35:12 practice, get experience. It's amazing much different that makes in terms of
35:17 building the confident confidence, not being and shears and being able to give
35:23 talk. Then some little details before talk, the first, you know
35:29 15 minutes or half hour or an . You want to sit quietly and
35:36 your thoughts. If you're at a , that's not the time. You
35:40 to be hobnobbing with everybody. You to keep the focus on your talk
35:45 another micro detail is that once especially if it's a conference or
35:52 you want to go and try your equipment and your laptop and see everything
35:59 . Um it's not that things are going to work. You go there
36:04 let's say you see that the projection coming on, then somebody can and
36:09 , you know what, you need change the settings of your monitor and
36:13 and of course after a few minutes works beautifully, but you lost your
36:18 of thought. It happens so often suddenly you have to do a context
36:23 back to your heart and then in first few minutes you're going too fast
36:28 you just uh, you forget things so on. So it's good to
36:34 , you know, I'm not going have to worry about anything before they
36:37 the actual dark. Um, everything be taken care of if you plan
36:43 and finally, if you really do um, um, you know,
36:52 really, when panic strikes, you sort of feel uncomfortable, you think
36:57 things are not going well or you something or you've been speaking too
37:03 Well, this is again, easy . Take a deep breath. Take
37:07 seconds. We organize your parts and get back to the top.
37:12 don't be afraid to do that. better to do that than for
37:17 somebody, you know, talking 100 a minute and just sort of like
37:21 on and on and then finishing the actually in 10 minutes instead of 30
37:26 nobody has followed anything. All Those are were the things that we
37:34 , uh, said we shouldn't Now we'll translate many of those two
37:41 that we should not do. And going to be the final section for
37:45 presentation. So seven deadly sins is mistakes we all make since 1st and
37:55 are trying to include too much going your time. So what happens time
38:02 almost up and you're halfway through your and uh, you midway through,
38:09 just going through the slides one after other, you know, just not
38:13 time to actually do any justice to . And finally the wash care says
38:19 talk is over, but the talk is over and you didn't spend enough
38:23 on the important stuff. So we're to this point for the second time
38:29 you plan and organize well and then should not happen. This is one
38:34 the biggest mistakes we see in people talks, plan what you can cover
38:41 a talk and only include that Not everything. And then we'll see
38:45 the fly what there is time for what there is not being boring is
38:52 good. A talk is a public . Your papers might be boring,
38:58 in attack you can, you have try to make things interesting.
39:04 so you want to be energetic, , enthusiastic. So uh, you
39:10 , you don't want to be, know, really jumping up and down
39:13 table, but you also don't want be standing in a corner and just
39:17 as if, you know, some lost the back and as a
39:20 you have to, you know, this chapter or something. So the
39:24 is, if you don't seem interested you are interested, but sometimes you
39:29 know, you just sort of speak a monitoring and nobody can tell if
39:33 interested or not and the audience would care. So you don't need to
39:40 an impression on the audience independent of technical content of what you're saying.
39:47 in the end, if you really think that your content is uh
39:53 interesting, your research is not then do something else because has gone
39:58 and you're not being paid big bucks do what you're doing. Speaking a
40:07 mistake, especially with international students and speak uh, not very clearly.
40:16 don't mumble, you can learn not mumble with practice. Don't talk in
40:23 monitor. You need to increase your . You need to slow down.
40:27 need to pass, this is This is not important. And then
40:32 talk about this uh monitor and puts to sleep. So you want to
40:38 it as much as possible. Don't jargon or undefined terms um that there's
40:44 more annoying than someone going on and with some buzzwords that as an audience
40:52 , you don't know little things don't your woods or endings. Um,
40:59 these things are little details, but can ask someone uh what you do
41:06 quite right and you can practice the that as much as possible. So
41:13 mannerisms that distract your audience from what saying and you don't notice that,
41:21 some of us have like they have pen or a pointer or something in
41:26 hand and they're just waving it all time. Yeah, they're they're waving
41:37 uh in the air very rapidly. there were laser pointer around, it
41:42 like they're shooting everybody in the They don't even think or realize
41:46 And uh so yeah, so you to avoid things that you may not
41:54 , but everybody else just notices everybody has different ways of doing
41:59 Some people look at the ceiling, people wear things and so on.
42:03 want to learn what they are for and stop doing that. And a
42:09 of us have accidents, uh english not have been your first language and
42:15 amazing if you just learn to speak people find it easier to follow you
42:24 topics, arrogance that uh which mostly out when there's a question, once
42:33 , you may hear a question which you is just like the, it
42:39 like the, you know, the member asking the question. Um you
42:46 , I didn't follow any of you know, first anything on the
42:50 and now they're asking questions is completely because all the questions they're asking,
42:56 answer them clearly in the talk. , so that may or may not
43:01 the case, but one more time need to be polite and uh um
43:08 yeah, polite and respectful when you're questions and chances are that you may
43:14 it's a stupid question, but it or may not be, the audience
43:19 not know what you are saying. , may not have followed your
43:26 or may or may not have followed talk, but there might be a
43:30 more knowledgeable about other things that you not know anything about. So,
43:35 all events, when a question is , you want to be polite and
43:40 and that's that's that should tell well, no, what if you
43:47 your audience? What if your midway your car and, uh, you
43:52 , sometimes you get the feeling this not going well, so, and
43:56 does happen even teaching a lecture. it happens giving talks, it happens
44:02 you're in talk, it happens all time that you're not, you
44:06 you lost track on the top. you have to see if you're losing
44:12 audience audience doesn't seem interested, then might be the reason? Okay,
44:19 it's over their hands. You you're just assuming things that the audience
44:25 know then on the fly, you slow down and maybe back up and
44:30 explain some things, especially if you get some feedback from the audience,
44:36 it's beneath their interest. Sometimes you have underestimated the audience and it seems
44:43 the audience knows all this stuff that going into the early parts of the
44:48 , then you want to speed up get to what is new about what
44:51 saying. And sometimes you find What do you see him flying for
44:56 first 5 to 10 minutes and then they don't seem to be following,
45:02 are that you made a big You forgot some in between steps and
45:07 they can't so they can't connect, beginning to the end and one more
45:13 , if you can detect that you try to bridge the beginning of the
45:17 to what you're saying to fill it . And um one way to keep
45:24 interested is to have relevant examples. the mayor may not follow all the
45:29 of what you're saying, but examples help and how you find all of
45:36 is one more time I contact looking the audience, you can tell uh
45:41 least up to a point what's going . So one of the mistakes for
45:50 there is no excuse is having material your presentation that you don't understand.
45:58 sometimes you say, you know, read in the paper, this has
46:02 explained in such and such paper and just put it in your in your
46:06 point saying, oh, it's been , explained that paper. So that's
46:11 reference. But you didn't actually read paper. You can't just because somebody
46:15 you uh that this is how it done or you heard or you read
46:21 can't just put it there unless you understand and can completely explain your talk
46:30 yours, anybody can challenge you to any part of your talk, even
46:36 you're talking about somebody else's work. you want to make sure that you
46:42 completely explain and defend every aspect of thoughts. So that's the end of
46:48 presentation. What I want to end the most important is that everybody can
46:54 to give good talks and I've seen many, many times in my
46:59 especially the first year or second year students have large, find it very
47:06 two, uh, to give but after lots of talks, good
47:11 bad, lots of practice their in final year and they're actually pretty good
47:17 , you always need to plan and your talk. You know, some
47:21 are just sort of bone speakers and can just show up and start talking
47:26 time. But for most of us need some planning and organizing to be
47:29 to give a decent talk. Think the audience is point of view about
47:35 the things that we've talked about in lecture. Oh, so naturally,
47:43 you put yourself in the shoes of audience and say, hey, how
47:48 this be done? So that's a good way of thinking anytime your question
47:53 your organization or your delivery, think the audience will think and if you
47:59 uh, imagine that find someone well was willing to suffer listening to you
48:06 say, hey, how does this with this? Okay, keep the
48:11 on key points and ideas. For of the research project, there is
48:16 central theme and the central gulf. uh however, most of the time
48:24 spend in the actual research is some things. Getting the details right,
48:29 the experiments right and so on. sometimes when you try to talk,
48:34 want to talk about those things, experiments, all the things that went
48:38 and all the difficulties you had because took 90% of your time. But
48:44 is usually not the right way to it. You have to focus on
48:49 reasons you're doing the research and the important results that came out of it
48:54 the most important ideas in your Not all the details that go into
48:59 . And to end here you practice what is the reason why everybody can
49:06 to give good talks. If you get feedback, you will get
49:11 And if not an amazing speaker, can become a pretty good speaker.
49:16 can become a pretty good speaker. am going to end with that.
49:20
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