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GEOL6380 - Sequence Stratigraphy - Bhatta-10
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00:08 this meeting is being reported. OK, see if you got waiting
00:24 Daniel. Joseph. All right, and it now for an afternoon and
00:37 . Well, all day. And we get to the first full fledged
00:44 on sequenced, particularly following now. in many ways you've done the accommodation
00:53 . We talked about base level. already explained a lot of the
00:57 So some of this may feel sort of reiteration, but I think
01:00 good to go over these things on the end of this lecture, you
01:07 have most everything you need actually do single assigned. So I would advise
01:13 very great strongly. Whatever you you are doing the silence between now
01:19 meeting in a couple weeks would be because the next week we're gonna go
01:24 fast cause they're close together on if do a little work on it that
01:28 could just spend usually spend a lot time in classroom in the second week
01:36 humor on the exercise, and I'm over your shoulders. Uh, excuse
01:50 . Feeling pretty good about how things ? The downside is I have been
01:56 to see everybody's work. It's only you see your work. I know
02:02 you're getting it if you if you most of you have asked a
02:10 See what your group, which is on you, showed a willingness to
02:16 your work with everybody else. We go. You know, it's not
02:19 easy to be criticized, but if don't see your work your shirt with
02:24 , I don't know if you're getting . It's gonna be really valuable.
02:32 you have a question between now and to me, you send an
02:36 we could do a one on one air strike or whatever. And I
02:40 review your work, you know. if you just feel like you're not
02:43 just wants advice, just just would be afraid. The name Say
02:48 don't have a quick 10 minute Just a review. How we doing
02:53 this exercise because he wore things? get it important thing is, you
02:59 . It's not about obviously you have work, but if you're confused and
03:04 getting the expiration lead that way, seeking photography is the application of of
03:17 Strata graphic principles. Tomorrow genomics data floors belongs, and it also led
03:25 a sort of a every juice rejuvenation the theoretical understanding of the interaction
03:32 Seven supply and accommodation volume of, know, like face level concept could
03:41 applied at a variety of spatial and scales. He's got about a goofy
03:49 , so I think of Seat Mr fee as the observations off rocks or
03:55 faces. Application of wealth is law identify surfaces and then the interpretation of
04:03 and surfaces. Certainly what we noticed maybe strata graphic successions is a cycle
04:13 repetition of environmental faces. And so is true that that strata graphic successions
04:21 cycling and that they're clear. Correlations there could be genetic relationships between river
04:30 sediment that's fields it feeds. And as a such as have seen
04:37 you stack vertical successions off reservoir and , reservoir and seal, sometimes
04:48 The study of rock relationships within the strata graphic framework where in the succession
04:53 rocks I click is composed of genetic strata. Units, I might
04:58 bounded by key services. So the senses repackaging of rocks and rock units
05:05 by UN conformity is correct. Conformity I get a common there and other
05:10 surfaces that allows for the designation of deposition of systems and systems tracks.
05:18 we can then determine in terms of , communication changes. There are a
05:24 of other definitions of sequence photography, the more or less hit on the
05:30 points. Who's been teared up relationships a time strata graphic framework of repetitive
05:40 committed strata. Bottom by surfaces. The analysis of genetically related repeated cycles
05:47 deposition bombing by surfaces. And so I read all those, but they
05:54 the same idea of rocks, time and genetically related packages. We've
06:02 reviewed the problem with little studio. here's a simple little photographic cross
06:09 and we've got some clearly got some and transgression cycles here with tons of
06:16 and tons of Shammond With this block red sentiments at middle basis, and
06:23 hard to know about that, Soon as you put the key surfaces
06:26 there and all of a sudden Red Middle Basin is linked via vera conformity
06:34 a nonconformity that occurs in the middle that for that that's just a kind
06:39 just tongue sticking out. It turns that that shoes am shift there actually
06:45 through the shales is actually surfaced. correlates to a major shift in deposition
06:52 right through there was that conformity is in the little strata graphic. The
06:58 story sometimes sheds light as to where services, of course, you could
07:05 sequence photography, which is defined by in down lab long and so forth
07:12 on. Convert that into you. , for example, that this sequence
07:18 . Here, this unit below it a laughing way up. Here we
07:24 across that boundary way si unit that's laughing and much more just a
07:29 That's the basic wood shift and on with associative truncation related to the formation
07:34 sequins that transitions into this conformity. we're, uh, as we talked
07:47 codified the construction of And Here's the around the Low based on the sea
07:54 graphic cross section, and he noticed there was a un conformity that correlated
08:01 a service of continuity. So he a a conformity for corrective continuity on
08:10 diagram. But what he Joe Sadoun creating the sequence A and B,
08:17 you're a vertical line. Tip The conformity made the rocks to the
08:22 sequence. K. Excellent did is to heck with that. Let's basically
08:27 a sequence. A and B will extend the young conformity to conformity because
08:32 can see that reflection size with size . They were able to correlate conformity
08:39 to assault, a reflection in the where the rocks. So they felt
08:45 the cross was used to take and that's simplified name. So here's
08:53 excellent sequence. Tried a graphic cross with the young conformity show sequence
09:00 And then there is the so the line shows that part of the cross
09:05 that's conformed tennis related by 11 19 over a body 20 there.
09:12 if you have fossil, which you a complete by strong a graphic record
09:16 this part of the base, but be incomplete where you've got way.
09:21 , hiatuses. This hiatus here is deposition Over here. Sediment.
09:32 Just never got that from the first to get that foreign bases there.
09:37 over here is they're 16 overlaying their and you know 12 11 15 never
09:45 so they just think we just never heads. That's a mom deposition,
09:50 also called a condensed section characterized by . Lebanon, for me is characterized
09:56 on a map progressively young units in elaborate position. In this case,
10:01 of the anger and conformity, we've anger, truncation of the underlying.
10:08 course. Here we have the judge section thickness on the vertical axis and
10:13 the real diagram with time. So is a simplified version of that.
10:21 die. There is the real diagram just a simplified version of that.
10:27 label is to convince extra. This the shrapnel interject, transgressing, regressive
10:36 so on. Social shows where the sequence boundaries that shows the all part
10:44 that. That service effectively is the long surface that sits on top of
10:48 section. And then they said, , if we take that changes in
10:53 level marked by these changes in on could be calculated. And we involved
11:01 to integrate that with subsidence curve, accommodation change must be static,
11:08 taking a passive margin. So by subsidence, they finally went from the
11:15 of on lap cycle charts to a interpreted or inferred or extrapolated or extracted
11:25 . So that's where they actually got see the curve, which carried a
11:29 , very smoothly from the salt tooth that curve, which is a direct
11:33 of the position of settlements directly from side cross sections. So if they
11:42 a deposition sequence as a relatively informal off, genetically related straight out by
11:51 own conformity, ease or their relative now this this interpretation sure make you
12:01 little queasy. Comfortable? No, it's a bad definition. What they
12:08 by relatively conform. It is a for Does that mean there could be
12:17 on conformity there? How conform Western? Elie related me. I
12:26 my genetic, any of you. we did a d n a
12:32 we share a common ancestor related by we grew up related culturally, do
12:45 share the same language like the same ? So what we need much reticulated
12:54 is that straight out deposited insane base the same tectonic machine, or rather
13:01 the same process by a particular forcing such a. The short answer is
13:08 was never really defined. They kept pretty generally, but it did result
13:13 a lot of confusion. Of you know this quite specific data by
13:18 non conforming their curl of conformity. think that's pretty straight formal allows for
13:24 physical uncertainty, and they don't really the same genetic related but genetic related
13:30 wall process of deposition genetic related to of sea level change, which because
13:36 genetically related to tectonic gene that never defined what kind of genetic relationship they
13:43 thinking, turned out that there was they should have separate was something more
13:48 about who static sea level. But left the definition for general. Now
13:55 are other types of sequences, so works more on, well, logs
14:01 the excellent guys that broke more on . I felt that maximum flooding surfaces
14:08 much easier. Andries to break up in his Gulf Coast. The national
14:14 who works primarily up 40 in very field seasons in all the world is
14:20 by helicopter basically said that the only that I could recognize my object rocks
14:25 the broad transgressive, aggressive cycles. so he sort of simplified see photography
14:33 what he called tr transgressive, regressive . So here's an example. Slug
14:42 . I think I showed you my of this. This comes from the
14:46 like a textbook. And so what see is red sequence boundaries mark basis
14:54 shift. And where the department store the speaking Spanish. We have shorelines
15:00 . Help the sequence batteries, the of a rookie. Safety shifted,
15:05 you see an abrupt basement shift in position of the faces. So that's
15:10 basic shift faces shoreline deposits here and across the secrets boundary. They might
15:17 there, there, there, There's no there's no bars on a
15:21 here. But let's say that's 100 . That could be 100 based on
15:25 chick across that service. We've also a shift in which we've got Marine
15:30 below and flew faces about the flu Hiestand away, back here across the
15:38 again. Date there, there, , there, much for base in
15:41 position. So there's the base was in face e's and also the
15:46 Bander is truncating the underlying deposits so secret span is characterized by a basic
15:52 and face. These basically shift basically those criteria for identifying. Yes,
16:07 you need to know yourself. I just about to ask about It was
16:14 sequence bungee right middle where, like that. I don't think Saanich
16:26 shows a pretty consistent. It's only a cartoon. This is basically showing
16:35 eight p combination succession one that I saw that I was going to be
16:43 a transgressive surface right here. so let's let's talk about that.
16:54 , so, so well, those . So that's the secret boundary.
17:00 above that is, is the low was tracked. And that's that.
17:04 point right there is the most seaward getting across so so above that,
17:13 everywhere about that environment. Shallower, , shallower silvio below above marine sand
17:25 cadet section of reshape above smoke above above, below marine above and so
17:33 . Flu viel, floodplain face ease sandstone so so that probably everywhere marks
17:41 boundary that has deeper faces above shallow since we reached the first big regional
17:49 service. In addition, it also the point of maximum aggression below with
17:56 , transgressive faces about that makes That's what we call this, the
18:01 stand systems. Then we see a of back stepping for Rexall operational.
18:10 there is the point of the maximum would live in a foreign shame
18:15 That shale marks the maximum sudden surface is strong in blue. Okay,
18:22 maximum floating surface transgressive surface is what that be? T s t
18:36 Right. Expresses systems track. And so they have. You
18:42 there's the systems tracks. So we this die ground, Hiestand, fall
18:48 sea level formation to sequence pandering low stand fall Russian that we have
18:59 major transgression syriza back step in units the transgressive systems tracked. That's the
19:06 flood. When the system turns around wants to get against pro grade
19:11 the next time stances distract that then trumping next. Now, internally,
19:20 this dock ground these CDs, these traps are broken up into even smaller
19:27 . These things are called Paris. word para means almost right. So
19:34 almost and, uh, turn that now. There's been a big debate
19:47 the secret strata graphic literature probably get by Galloway. A diagram from Galloway's
19:58 and he contrasted. Galloway sequence once Strada Graphic sequences with Exxon Deposition.
20:06 this this time around looks very similar that, but there's a slip diagram
20:12 Bill Galileo talk. There's a stud ground from excellent. Next look at
20:20 gallery dog Ground Big other black line marks a maximum stunning surface. There
20:28 is. The maximum floating surface is by deep water shares or shallow water
20:39 de por shales over sandstone, Galloway's , if that's easy service to
20:45 so he draws out with big over black shark there is to seek its
20:50 of excellent gaveling draws with a weekly indicating erosion. But it's dashed,
20:57 the dash indicates that Galloway's is not sure. Bill made a very sad
21:05 of the star ground. He drew and underneath the size value. Also
21:10 of dash line. Underneath that that's nonsense. Anybody can pick sides
21:18 if it cuts into shape. There's one. Certainly that's a sandals.
21:24 to pick, however, picking a shadow sharing with deep shale picture
21:32 Conformity might be difficult unless you can down. So what little did is
21:41 has all the same surfaces that are . This diagram here. Okay,
21:47 difference is that this diagram with sequence drawn with big other red Sharpie,
21:54 match funding surface. It's for exterior it is. It's kind of a
21:59 here in black line there. So diagram. De emphasizes the maximum funding
22:06 , although it's there. And in Galloway version uses a big black shocking
22:13 highlight the maximum floating surface. De secrets. I hope you understand why
22:20 is kind of a silly argument. of them disagree on half rocks.
22:27 just disagree on which surfaces that they recognize this easier to identify. That's
22:34 a very okay. So I think Lord diagram way introduce society of a
22:45 one versus the type to conformity Wonder stopped secrets, and I also
22:52 this in the movie they saw But I crossed over, So if
22:56 look at the lower diagram, you'll that this unit here all right there
23:05 next pair sequence on lots more distant position, and the food care sequence
23:14 all the way up here. Then a sequence angry. We see that
23:18 a basic shift of all. So next sequence here at Paris. Sequins
23:24 laps. Base word off of the eat way. See a baseball shifted
23:32 Hey, indicating that there was a of base level. Drop based did
23:37 exposed to Shell, so break we get sons. Tech to sequence is
23:45 sequence for by base every drop. less than a type one sequence that's
23:51 to sequence. It's enough. It's to cause a basic shift in
23:55 but not enough to cause exposure to . So break. There are 11
24:02 Road because there's a experience. So you like Type two sequence is a
24:08 six formed by a drop of sea that doesn't exposing next, don't get
24:16 right. That type to sequence essentially a sequence that forms by See little
24:23 . It just doesn't exposed. Don't the river decisions. Therefore, don't
24:30 these emotional. This is another horrible , and there's a There's a reason
24:40 I'm teaching sequence with your feet late Saturday afternoon after almost a day and
24:46 half of lectures because you already know secrets trigger feelings? Figure it
24:51 First day we've been playing with their exercise. Sort of understand how processes
24:57 important but arguing whether in all the putting surface we should be used to
25:04 a genetic strata. Graphics with the on Conformity is a deposition of secrets
25:09 a band between transgressive, arrested, cycles as a TS as a TRC
25:16 , you know, it's sort of fool's game. People that have been
25:20 these debates have been very aggressive with other, and, you know,
25:25 could get lost in arguments about, , kind of sequences. There's no
25:31 answer. That question. The exact depends largely on the kind of data
25:37 have for how I trained, but would argue that was important. Thing
25:43 to document faces identified. Breaks based brothels long identify the blackout patterns that
25:51 the surfaces on there. And then call, Um, so this is
25:58 of a that has every different kind superstructure with possible um, so this
26:07 the progressive transgressive systems tracts of Emory . This shows high stands low,
26:16 more excellent approach, but then they in a forced, falling state systems
26:23 a variation that sounded like you noticed the Emery sequences a simple, transgressive
26:31 regressive systems tracked. Exxon would break into Henry Close to break that into
26:40 high standard for depression and other people would identify a low stand transgressed.
26:50 have a variety of surfaces that people have been recognized, such as a
26:54 seven surface that basis surfaces, forced , the maximum aggressive surface. We're
27:00 the same thing with transgressive surface. there. There are all the surfaces
27:09 , surface of force of Russian. is also called progressive surface of marine
27:14 , talked about so you can see it's getting complicated. I'm into introducing
27:21 complication with the hope that more or understand the way that super built just
27:28 that different people highlight different surfaces. lot of those debates depend on the
27:34 of data on their ability to identify . Running out call versus a three
27:41 would say that they get up to examples. In later days, we'll
27:49 a feeding from which photography's you think best giving, giving you have to
27:58 when you actually get to do Any questions about that? So I
28:05 complicated, I have explained thing, above here we should have had a
28:10 slug diagram shows and lines on a of minor and major surfaces so that
28:18 were dashed dollars surface line, foundry and then Donald Surface there. That's
28:33 best. The transition from depression. everybody questions about that. So there
28:48 a sequence. Family train word sequence first used by its losses from 19
28:56 their find in 1963. Then it of resurrected in the seventies by the
29:02 group size that are often the And there were de positional sequences
29:09 uh, Hawking Henry Fransman Tear, I identified for progressive right sisters
29:20 Move it all on Hudson Tucker kind . I worked on that. Van
29:25 resisted to use the first depressive systems . Of course, we got game
29:31 on phrases for all seems to work Exxon defined medic strata graphic sequences.
29:37 memory said that a lot surface too . We should go back to single
29:41 impressive sight, so there's a least 1235 or six different varieties I don't
29:50 too much about all this stuff. know I shouldn't do it. World
29:53 Battle Cherries very much strengthened by Of course, we could add a
30:01 successions here, so there's never ending of secrets. It's in a way
30:12 good reflects the fact that it's still formalized yet honest differences. Pinning this
30:18 to the surface is might be the useful in any given day. What
30:28 this other word called conformity? So should know? What about conformity?
30:35 major break in. So look up definition in energy from dictionary Mitchum,
30:43 in 1997 7, uh, presented definition that was focused on to walk
30:52 one size. Identified. It is surface of erosion or deposition that separates
30:58 strata above represents significant plates, letting , at least coronated part. Would
31:08 call logic? It is not represented straight. So what's a joke from
31:14 Unit? Tony, Give me an . Which here Do you think that
31:24 meant by that? Something that follows law of superposition that's that's actually demonstrated
31:39 older rocks? That's that's a little so that there's a cold label
31:51 Does that mean coronated apartment for launch is straight. Something physical? Is
31:59 a miss missing period between that's Frank time. Specifically says they call it
32:12 part of our gear Crime logic So what kind of time period do
32:16 think he was referring to? Five , five hours, six weeks,
32:23 years, 100 years. Okay, what would that be in terms of
32:33 across multiple units that I expressed earlier ? Yeah. What's the shortest?
32:43 the shortest Geo Chronological unit talked about ? Eight. Agent do anything?
32:53 . Is there anything smaller than age ? Golden Age, isn't it?
33:06 there anything short of an age Daniel says knows anyone to spring
33:15 I just It's good answer formations You're correct, but information is not
33:27 joke. Arm logic. So that's That's a with Is it a stage
33:36 stages sends an age? This, , does it. This is
33:57 This is a trick question we're gonna yourselves with. Give me great
34:04 And sure you understand The answer is . What? Three things. That
34:13 by his own missing Then Then you that's the truth. to identify missing
34:19 . You know there's a bison missing high. That's really what is talking
34:25 . So in that sense, you is talking conformity is that it was
34:30 about using biased. If there's pox periods missing, that's even more
34:38 that. But the way to determine was a stage missing is by
34:43 Typically, Bosch reveals the fundamental Younes document. Whether there's missing,
34:49 those rocks are represented by, with there's time has no representation, it's
34:56 because the Bosch Olga's this. There's couple of fire zones missing. Then
35:03 goes on to say that periods of on the opposition occur at at times
35:10 a little seed falls that produces interregional . So although it's not so in
35:17 definition of conformity, if there's a single phone, then you're gonna get
35:21 conformity on both sides of emotion that that secret that therefore un conformance between
35:31 . In 1995 I just to 2% definition of conformity, so he defined
35:40 as a circus except young straight That's the moral superposition. And
35:47 he says, along which there is of Siberian truncation for some expert
35:54 Relative submarine erosion in some areas, a significant hiatus and forms response to
36:05 . No, I think that's a destiny. That's true that if you
36:12 a circus that separates photo from younger , if there is evidence of servants
36:17 aerial truncation, a social performance routes fallen. See that? And a
36:24 that certainly would be criteria for identifying . But surely there are other processes
36:32 well. If you have major tooting submarine, you may have major anger
36:41 conformity. Is the marine round that never severity exposed. So this
36:46 this definition specifically excludes tectonic form and that definition really, really upset some
36:55 the Marines photographers that actually wrote I thought that was fall two
37:04 So So So this is not the of nonconformity. This is a statement
37:09 criteria that may be sufficient to fire conformity with none of therm.
37:16 Mrs. And of course, the aspect of nonconformity that creates these definitions
37:26 that is a surface of everywhere, older rocks below from number well above
37:33 have focused Rana graphics commissions. This something that I'm challenging recipe that have
37:40 channelled dream and aggressively for the past . Talk about today that probably in
37:48 master together, isn't it grand from standard on the Graduate textbook? And
37:56 we have a classic tectonic angle, here in conformity, separates from other
38:07 or less job. Okay, but did you get your deformation of
38:13 What processes produce that? For it's folding. Could be neo
38:26 A growth fault will produce an anger conformity. But growth falters.
38:31 right? So a little Where where can get your own deformities that relate
38:40 large deformation processes such as mass transfer broke faulting, and you could also
38:47 a definition of the atmosphere that clings . So yes, so basically,
38:54 conformance approves is recognize because they always anger performance. Dis conformity is described
39:03 a discontinuous, undulating surface. Okay separates formal rocks below. Confirm rocks
39:13 . So there's no change from the of the mayor's, the one above
39:16 surface. But there is a very , discontinued social discontinuity that's modified location
39:28 . Now these the kind of conformity that routine produced by drops of seized
39:34 that exposed. These kind of performances reproduce by tech times, but but
39:44 up list and you get a get disk. Conformity. That means that
39:53 uplifting, fair differential. I realized these surfaces are a little more difficult
40:03 because they with a straight on. on the relief on that surface,
40:09 may remain on the briefest 10 m resolution data 2000 was big in size
40:24 that we have to stay calm. for Paris, there's no there's no
40:31 underlying. There's no angry disporting Looks conform a succession. How do you
40:39 ? Identified way to identify, I asked. Expression runs. So the
40:53 expression, if you do, announces buyer zones, bisons missing there.
41:04 there's no change. There's no obvious conformity. There clearly was a high
41:09 a break in time. That's probably then you look around and see if
41:14 gets to be too distant for several . The trip nonconformity that refers to
41:23 conformity that's true pros is sedimentary rocks that citizenship is very focused on disk
41:35 . These things anybody could recognize that surprise is that they're also focused on
41:43 these are. These are particularly interested metamorphic rocks. They're very focused on
41:52 Within. Nonconformity is within sedimentary sequences might bring Reservoir Rocks. Basin Results
42:01 . See where for you might think way. Diagrams another undergraduate textbook.
42:11 shows that nonconformity can transform into Anglo that can protect to a distant former
42:19 that correlate to conformity. So all are performing where you want in today's
42:31 , of course, the observation of and conformity. These across the continent
42:36 North America, who's used by Larry to identify his anger is tectonic Supercenters
42:44 upon major performance. Okay, and is based on the work of a
42:52 is one of the first people recognize of deformities defining constant, of
43:00 Black. Rather cute. So how you apply so well? One way
43:13 applying suit is to look in on joys. Look at the pattern of
43:21 doesn't happen, Wells. It's the , you know. The Atlantic Ocean
43:29 in the Triassic, so all the , mostly first Triassic. Although we
43:36 have wells in this basin, let's it with the Gulf of Mexico.
43:42 , the ages, it seems sure did that The West African decorated with
43:50 similarity. Awesome patterns allowed them to ages to the basement where they had
43:58 , data. But they did have valuable because if you know the age
44:04 walks, remember on their on their , you know, charge they show
44:09 periods of amongst are those defined So if you want to know,
44:14 about there is potential for social, is the for it and it s
44:20 faces of petroleum system. If there's source on the base best traps the
44:29 recipe over the best. There was any source base. Don't waste your
44:34 drilling wells. My very first project Canada was working the Northwest Basin Big
44:41 with whether or not there was any . Of course, using secret to
44:48 age of sentiments requires to assume validity those. The other way that you
44:56 Richard three, is in the prediction the following This primarily eyes based on
45:03 understanding of accommodation on accumulation control graphic patterns and then the observation changed
45:12 graphic patterns to predict where the basin show, irrespective necessarily age on this
45:22 , will probably start for? On next. Let me just stop right
45:35 . This is actually this is a stopping point before we go to the
45:39 back way. Have another about 50 to go. Rest of this talk
45:44 about. My recommendation was take a break. 5, 10 minutes,
45:51 say and, uh, from back . So come back in about 10
45:59 . That's for 23 and then all right on, then all.
46:09 The's breaks its motion ones that I to have a break, but makes
46:13 much easier to save these things. Maria. Follow sizes simpler. It
46:18 means that will break the video out a sense of point rather in the
46:22 of. So when fished up sort with the over sequences on a
46:28 Now and talk about the small scale Paris inferences will pick that up just
46:34 10 minutes back to get it about See you all in 10
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