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BIOL 2301 Human Anatomy & Physiology I - 2301_lecture13_1014
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00:02 All right, good morning campers. know today what we're gonna do is
00:09 going to begin the process of going the skeleton muscles or not the actual
00:14 themselves. Thing is if I sat and went through all the skeleton muscles
00:17 be brought out of your skull because do be doing is putting up pictures
00:21 going great thank you very much. totally useless. So what we're going
00:24 be doing is we're gonna be dealing first we're going to deal with what
00:29 a muscle, the muscle cell itself a muscle the structure is dependent upon
00:34 muscle cells. And so we're gonna diving down deep. That's going to
00:38 primarily today. And then on Tuesday we're going to come back up to
00:41 macro level again and we're going to looking at Really some functionality of
00:46 how to name muscles and so So how many guys are doing the
00:50 MP one lap. Okay. So you guys doing the muscles in the
00:55 ? Alright. So basically once you how to name how muscles are named
00:59 becomes fairly simple. And so we're kind of go over that process.
01:04 I know you guys are anxious to what averages are and what grades are
01:08 got so far I have in the but that's how much a payment but
01:12 is right to do this. So have an Excel spreadsheet. I put
01:15 your grades in that that's where I your grades and come in. I
01:19 use blackboard at all because I told blackboard is garbage. Um It's It's
01:25 okay for you guys to kind of a sense of where you are but
01:28 not a good calculator. So you to do your own calculations. But
01:32 I've got the tests in there. about 15 tests missing. I'm guessing
01:36 12 of those. Maybe 10 of are actual students have actually dropped but
01:42 have to give them an opportunity to before I just say zero. Um
01:46 got your chief grades in which is really really fun to do as well
01:51 some of you have double account. I have to go through and I
01:53 to delete the double accounts and move numbers to the right column. You
01:56 gotta gotta you know it's a small stuff and then I have to do
02:01 same thing with top hat. And that's the one that don't have it
02:04 . So thursday I'll pop up the . So for those who are
02:08 stop it. There's plenty of time panic later. Okay. No I
02:13 seriously I mean if you're worried about grades today, how does that help
02:17 tomorrow? Right. It doesn't worry the things when you should worry about
02:23 . Right. Like are you guys about Test three today? Why Test
02:29 is 3 weeks away. Don't you something more important worry about today.
02:33 you sure about that? Okay. I know I have at least one
02:37 here is that my physiology class has paper due next week, You're like
02:42 ? I don't know if they're actually in here today, but you
02:45 But yeah, they have a paper due. So you know, there's
02:48 gonna be something that you should be on and you have to learn how
02:51 bounce between those things. But to today a little bit better if you
02:54 up on the slide, you'll see a little beefcake in a little cheek
02:57 for you guys. Yes. Actually, what we're looking at,
03:01 looking at muscles and so this is good way to do it because we're
03:04 be looking a little bit of muscle a little bit later and what that
03:06 and why it's important. But really we're gonna do for the big picture
03:10 speaking, we're going to ask the , what is the function of
03:13 And then we're gonna dive in, gonna look at structure. Okay,
03:16 that's there's a physiological aspect, there's anatomical aspects. So physiologically speaking,
03:20 we think of muscles, we think movement and that's a good thing to
03:23 about when you think skeletal muscle it responsible for locomotion and movement. All
03:28 , but there's a whole bunch of stuff. I mean it helps to
03:30 and support the internal organs um for of you who actually have good muscle
03:36 . Unlike old men like me, sit here and you walk around and
03:39 stomach is kind of held in and look kind of nice for those of
03:43 like me. You know, it's looking at me going, that's so
03:49 . Yeah. And that's just what when you get old. Right?
03:52 holds your internal organs in place. helps you maintain posture, sit
03:57 I always get at least one person that. Your mother ever sit up
04:02 . All right. So posture stabilizes joint, generates heat. So,
04:08 you work, you notice that you getting hot. That's basically the byproduct
04:13 movement and burning energy. And uh that movement is going to be
04:18 is the heat? That's what what do to maintain our body temperature.
04:21 also we don't really think about it much, but it's also plays a
04:25 role in communication now. All I'm not dogging anybody here who's wearing
04:30 mask. All right. So, hear that as what I'm saying.
04:33 ? But they're actually starting to see young kids from all the mask wearing
04:38 . They do not know how to why most of our communication is done
04:44 our facial expressions and our emotions. ? So, if you see me
04:48 at you like this, what do know you're looking at my eyebrows.
04:54 , you know, it's a little . I might be confused,
04:57 But we have tons and tons of muscles when we speak, we're actually
05:03 skeletal muscles in our Gladys, right our Gladys basically making back and forth
05:09 make noises our gestures. I'm a . Er All right. Gesticulations.
05:16 talk like this a lot if I really excited to stay clear of me
05:22 you're going to get hit. All . But those gestures, all of
05:25 are forms of communication. And you think in terms of the little tiny
05:28 and writing, that's also communication. skeletal muscles really have a major role
05:33 our bodies and most anatomy classes spend ridiculous amount of time on muscles and
05:39 because those are really easy things to of look at. All right.
05:42 when you go on to your professional , when you go into nursing school
05:46 to spend a lot of time talking the muscles. Expect spending a lot
05:50 time talking about skeleton. We spent lot of time in the nervous system
05:55 nervous system plays a role in controlling this stuff. So when you think
05:59 muscles in each individual muscles, each in your body is a discrete Oregon
06:05 there's about 600 name muscles in the . Good news. We don't have
06:09 know those A. And P. one lab, you may have to
06:13 about 100 of them. Alright, . It's about 120 or so.
06:17 which whoever your T.A. S. the time. All right.
06:21 what I want to do is if can think about a named muscle,
06:25 , then what we're gonna do is gonna work our way down to the
06:30 and that's where we're going to spend time for the most part of
06:33 All right. So, what we're at here is we're saying,
06:36 what is the connective tissue that surrounds muscle that's found with regard to the
06:43 ? All right. So, here the big muscle, right? That's
06:46 named muscle. So if you're saying the bicep for example, what we
06:51 that is the muscle belly and surrounding is what we call the epitome she
06:56 Alright. Mp means outside or Right. And so you can think
07:00 it. This is a tissue that everything. It's the outer one.
07:03 then if you go inside and look these, you'll see that there are
07:07 of fibers together. Now, if ever had a good piece of
07:12 like a rib eye, you can see if you look at it like
07:16 they're cutting it just like you're seeing and you can actually see those fast
07:21 . All right. And you should at it just you know, next
07:23 before you cook a piece of You can do it after you cooked
07:25 of meat. But it doesn't look good. But you can see it's
07:27 , oh wow. Yeah. there's bundle of stuff here and there's there's
07:30 thin wrapping of connective tissue around the holding that bundle together. All
07:35 That is going to be the paramecium then if you look at each individual
07:39 which you can't really see with the eye. But if you go down
07:42 and look, each individual cell is with connective tissue and that's the end
07:46 museum. All right. So it's there. Now. Why would we
07:50 an individual cell with connective tissue? we're going to see the same thing
07:54 we look at the nervous system. because if you think of a nerve
07:58 if you think of a muscle cell an electrically functional cell. And so
08:02 want to insulated and isolated from all other cells around it so that when
08:06 stimulate that sell it's not stimulating all other cells. All right. So
08:11 connective tissue isolates it so that I stimulate just that one cell at a
08:16 . And when I take the intimacy the paramecium and the epa missy um
08:21 we're gonna see is that it goes the entire length of the cell and
08:24 are just like neurons are very long and they'll actually join up together and
08:30 form up this outer structure which becomes . All right. And it's the
08:37 that attaches the muscle to the bone really what the muscle is doing is
08:42 it contracts It's pulling on a tendon that tendon stretches a little bit and
08:47 it pulls on the bone. So you're moving bones, what you're doing
08:50 really you're tugging on the bone via which is being tugged by a muscle
08:55 going through a contraction. All So that's why we care about all
08:59 connective tissue one. It protects to bundling fibers together. three. It's
09:05 we use to pull on bones. right. Now this is actually attached
09:10 the curiosity. Um And you can it's the convergence of those layers that
09:14 just talked about. I thought I a hand up over. Okay.
09:22 , that means you can pick Not confused with eric bacteria to light
09:34 we're doing. Let me go So, remember here this is a
09:37 of fibers. Think I'm gonna make simple for a pencil. All
09:42 Get picked your pencil. All A pencil is gonna be like the
09:45 that we're looking at. Take a of those pencils and wrap it with
09:48 bands. Now you have a bundle would be the fantastical. Take a
09:52 of those bunches of pencils, wrap rubber bands and then wrap them again
09:56 a big rubber bands. You got bigger. That's the actual name of
10:00 . Okay. Did it help? it? Okay. So, we're
10:04 do is we're gonna look at the . We're gonna go inside the pencil
10:07 see what's there? All right. that's what this is. Right
10:10 you'll notice in this picture if this our single cell, they're pulling something
10:14 out and we're going to deal with something else in just a minute.
10:17 what's inside that cell. That helps uh sell to go through a period
10:21 contraction. So, this is the coded one coming out of your
10:24 And you can see here here is cell. And what they're doing is
10:26 kind of pulling out that little bit there. They're just trying to show
10:29 that over. I'm sorry, this actually the I'm sorry that is the
10:35 . So, I thought for a there, going back up to the
10:37 . All right. So, remember we mentioned when we talk about the
10:42 , we said that the people who looking at neurons that there were special
10:46 and they're looking at unique things. so they name things uniquely.
10:49 they special name for the cytoplasm. an axon called an axle plasm.
10:55 . And then what do we call cell? You know, just there's
10:58 these different names that were specific like neural Emma and stuff like that.
11:03 that? It was like made it because all cells have plasma membranes.
11:08 cells have Sarka plasma Orange applies in . We just give them different
11:12 And the thing, is that the thing that happened in muscles. All
11:15 . We didn't understand cell theory that . And so people were diving in
11:19 going, oh look, here's here's this, here's this, here's
11:21 and they're naming it based on We're looking at a muscle cell.
11:25 , when you see the words are c has Sarcos arco, those sarkozy
11:30 the beginning, just tell you you're muscle cells. So, the sarko
11:32 of plasma membrane. Alright, the plasma is the cytoplasm. So if
11:37 come across those terms don't panic and , oh, I'm looking at a
11:40 cells. So some yahoo way back named at this and we haven't changed
11:44 to cytoplasm. Okay, now, the Sarka plans, we have a
11:50 of things that are kind of important terms of the muscle and how it
11:54 . First off, we have like zones. Glick a zones are bunches
11:59 glycogen Granules just kind of packed in Now for those who have taken
12:04 What is glycogen sugar? Why do suppose muscle needs sugar? Energy?
12:11 I want to wait for sugar to delivered from far away for my muscle
12:15 contract? No. So why don't just go ahead and start up a
12:19 sugar for right now and then in in the event that we need to
12:23 contracting, we have a place we get the energy or the sugar so
12:27 can break it down for energy and we can also alert the system to
12:30 a clinic or sending more sugar because probably more activity coming along. All
12:35 , So, that's number one. got We have we have our own
12:38 uh stores All right, in the of glycogen, secondly, we have
12:43 . Myoglobin is a molecule that binds oxygen. Alright? It's related to
12:48 , which is found in your red cells and which is what carries oxygen
12:51 your body. All right. you can see here again, if
12:56 haven't ever taken a biology classes for last time you took biology was when
12:59 were a sophomore in high school, the thing you need to remember here
13:02 that if I take glucose plus you know, through a whole bunch
13:07 different steps, I get energy And as a byproduct I get water
13:11 carbon dioxide. All right, we're going to talk about aerobic pathways.
13:17 classes actually make you learn that stuff over again. You know that stuff
13:22 can take biochem or injury bio. right. So, again, if
13:28 going to go through a series of and I need to have be efficient
13:33 how to energy Well, you option available. Not going to get
13:44 really inefficient and don't provide a lot energy. So rather than what form
13:49 increased Mhm. Blood with oxygen arriving . Why don't you go ahead and
13:55 up. So I'll no a sport Stidham. So that when a
14:03 what a way or anything makes Its future planning. Which has gotten
14:10 right. And then once you start stuff, then auction is gonna be
14:14 nothing blood. But I'm starting I'm not dependent on my lungs to
14:22 knocked. All right, there's lots mitochondria. Now we talked about mitochondria
14:28 the first unit, my contribution It's the battery of a self.
14:33 right, So, oh, indication that your produced apartment and we're
14:41 to see that we're gonna need ATP energy stored inside that field. And
14:48 getting lots of ATP so we can right. And finally, it's multi
14:55 . Now this is kind of weird when you look at it, so
14:58 like, well why would it have nuclei? And it has to do
15:01 development? See model there's actually alright. Except me saying this,
15:11 a cell that differentiated yet and it go one of two. That my
15:20 , so sad. Right. It's , oh, did I help myself
15:25 a decision, a bad decision or good decision. All right. But
15:30 that's not really what's going on. is early on in development. And
15:33 happens is the cells that go down mile blast path. In other
15:37 they go the muscle path, what do is the mile blast come together
15:41 they start fusing because your muscles are cells, it's not a little
15:45 Itsy bitsy sell like about that It's these really, really long
15:49 So think about uh you know a like uh um like my bicep basically
15:55 bicep is attached up here and it down to here. So that's a
16:00 bunch of cells. Each of those are as long as that muscle
16:05 And so it's basically a bunch of blast that have merged together to form
16:08 mature cell. That is fairly And so the result is cell with
16:14 of nuclei. So you'll see these and I don't think the picture shows
16:18 up here but there's one nucleus up . But you imagine nuclei all over
16:22 place because of this differentiation now So I want you to see up
16:29 , you see the holes that they're to point out along the way.
16:32 looks like dots. You see that there. Okay, so I want
16:35 to picture that that is literally a in the Sarka plasm. It looks
16:39 a hole in the market place. really there's a tube there and that
16:42 then travels all the way around and the south and opens up on the
16:47 side. It's kind of like a all right. And this is part
16:50 a group of structures called the All right. The structure I just
16:56 . The tube is called the transverse t tubules transfer to bill because it
17:02 is across through the cell and then associated with that is here.
17:09 that yellow in our little picture in little cartoon, supposed to be that
17:13 tubules. So, you can imagine it is open up and then it
17:16 around and threw it opens up on other side. This blue stuff here
17:21 the Sarka plasma particular. Um which just a modification of the smooth into
17:25 particular, whose job it is is storm calcium. All right. And
17:30 in close opposition to meaning it's right to the tri art to the T
17:34 . You'll all right. It would like, here's a T tube.
17:37 right here on either side would be plasma critical. Um And a little
17:41 of the Sarka plasm critical. Um right up next to the T
17:45 You'll it's called the terminal cistern Which means the end pot.
17:52 And if you look at it the picture is not good here
17:56 It's it's a little bit broader. so that's where there's there's actually a
17:59 bit more calcium. And this structure absolutely essential for the contraction of a
18:08 . All right now, the way can think about this is remember,
18:12 is a tube that opens up to outside. That means that tube is
18:15 the outside of the cell. So just like my mouth is outside
18:19 my body and my digestive tract is my body. That tube is outside
18:24 body. It just happens to be tube. It's like a tunnel that
18:27 through. All right. And we'll this will become a little bit clear
18:31 just a moment now. Where's We're still diving deep. So here
18:34 our muscle r sorry? There's our cell right there. You can see
18:37 a star kalima. It's surrounded by Indonesian. Um And then it's filled
18:43 a whole bunch of itsy bitsy tiny . It's his side of skeleton.
18:48 . Remember we talked about side of , we said there's intermediate filaments.
18:51 thin filaments or not? Thin Micro filaments. Remember all that fun
18:55 . Micro tubules. Remember learning that . How many guys dump that right
19:00 after learning you dumped it. awesome. Yeah, I do that
19:04 . Right, so here it We coming back saying I'm going to
19:08 you go back and you're gonna have figure out and remember this stuff
19:11 All right, so that side of that we learned about there is organized
19:16 these massive bunch is all right. what we have here, we have
19:21 different types of structures. These are are called Maya fi brill's and there's
19:25 they're made up of two different types Maya filaments. You see the terminology
19:29 how they're going to just confuse you and over again. Sarcos arcos arco
19:34 then you're gonna start seeing my oh Oh my Oh my Oh my Oh
19:38 . I don't know. I just just came to me all right,
19:44 highly, highly organized. So you see in here they're just bunches that
19:47 kind of grouped together. All so you can have hundreds of thousands
19:52 these. Now, the two mile that make up the mile fiber real
19:56 the thick filament in the thin All right. The thick filament,
20:01 boring. It's one molecule that's been together with the same type of the
20:07 over and over and over again. look like a bunch of golf
20:10 All right. It actually let me if I don't have a really good
20:14 of it in the next one But you can think about like
20:16 It looks like a golf club where got really, really angry and they
20:20 two of these golf clubs and they them around each other. So the
20:24 length of the golf club is wrapped the other off club and then has
20:27 two heads that kind of sit like . All right. And then you're
20:30 get thousands of these pears and you're bundle them up together. That kind
20:35 looks like that pink thing at the of the slide. All right.
20:40 , the artist didn't put a lot effort into. All right, so
20:44 a half that goes this way and gonna be half facing the opposite
20:47 So it be like this. All . That was if I were in
20:50 middle. All right. Now inside heads, that little golf club
20:56 We have two things that are We have a place that binds ATP
21:00 breaks the bond there and releases the and then we have a site in
21:05 that binds to an acting molecule You've already heard about that? Was
21:10 one of those micro filaments? And going to be part of the thin
21:14 . All right. So, we my assassin that wants to interact with
21:20 . Now when we think of the filament, we usually think of
21:22 That's what this chain this this helix of paired materials are those are active
21:30 . All right. And they have binding site that wants to interact with
21:36 son. So, there's a Myson site. So, my son has
21:38 action binding site action as a Unbinding. Certainly water in Iraq.
21:42 this is like a high school There's a chaperone that prevents these two
21:46 from getting too close together. None you know what happens at a high
21:53 dance apparently. Okay. All She she's granted she's like,
21:57 I know, I'm just not going say All right. So here it
22:05 thin filaments, Three molecules acting till the orange things. You can see
22:11 green filament is a molecule called Troppo name like triple my Senate must be
22:18 to another molecule. We just talked my son and what it does,
22:22 has a small or slight attraction to active molecule. And so what it
22:27 it sits over the mayas and binding sort of as that blocking agent to
22:33 the mission and the acted from All right. So it separates
22:38 And then if I want these two interact, I've got to somehow move
22:42 triple minus and out of the Wouldn't you agree? Got to get
22:45 of that chaperone. So what do have? Because I have another molecule
22:49 opponent. That's what these purple molecules all over the place. And they're
22:53 of like a hinge molecule. They're to the green that triple mason.
22:58 attached to the orange my or the . And when a calcium molecule comes
23:04 , it binds to troponin and that the change in the shape of the
23:09 molecule. And it pulls the triple now. The way so that the
23:14 now has access to the acting molecule the trouble minds and binding sites
23:20 That makes sense. Okay, so way that we're going to have an
23:26 is if we have calcium and if can move that triple mice and other
23:32 otherwise no interaction. No contractions. what we just explored are some of
23:39 major molecules involved in a contraction. haven't talked about how contraction occurs yet
23:46 we're gonna get to a little bit . But I wanted you to kind
23:48 see structurally what we're gonna be dealing . All right. It's like the
23:52 of the movie or beginning of a . I've just given you the name
23:55 all the actors. Alright. And their characters are. Okay, the
24:02 unit of a muscle is called a Amir. So, I want you
24:05 think of a muscle like your Right? And think about how long
24:09 is. Okay. And what it is you have these little tiny microscopic
24:16 that are repeating units over and over over and over and over again.
24:20 . And what they represent is the of the acting Or excuse me,
24:25 should say the thick filament in the filament. Alright. And so it
24:29 something like this is what creates what called the striations. Right? So
24:34 can see there's like a dark band light band, a darker band,
24:37 slightly lighter than that darker band, darker band and then it kind of
24:41 itself on the opposite direction and it back to that dark band and then
24:45 repeat. So this right here is Stark Amir that right? There is
24:48 Stark Amir a Sark Amir is defined a specific line in that repeating
24:54 All right. And that specific line called the Z line. Now,
24:59 you're really doing here When you look this, you're looking at it from
25:02 side, like. So, And so, what you're really asking
25:06 OK, what is that line Remember it has three dimensions.
25:09 if you turned it, what are going to see? And you're going
25:12 see this massive latticework of proteins that there to bind up filaments that are
25:19 horizontally. Okay, So, you're something like this which actually has shaped
25:25 there's going to be lines moving like. So, all right
25:32 each of these lines and this was figured out long before. I
25:35 all they had was really, really microscopes. They didn't really know what
25:38 looking at. So, all they're is doing these descriptive. Right?
25:42 so, what you're looking at they're like, okay, well,
25:44 got a band right here that matches . I have a band here that
25:48 that. And so, that's what doing. Is they're defining what those
25:52 are. And so, this light from here to here is called the
25:57 bandits marked down there. All That dark band from here to there
26:02 referred to as the a band. then you have an H zone.
26:07 H zone refers to this little tiny that's slightly lighter. It's not so
26:14 to see that. But you can they're slightly lighter inside the a
26:18 And in the middle of the of a band there's this dark line that
26:23 in the middle and that represents another a bunch of proteins that are
26:30 you turn that you'd see that there's coming out horizontally from And so,
26:34 we really have here is basically thick thin filaments overlapping one another. All
26:42 . The way you can think about and this is why we have this
26:46 here. And while we have this here, the Z line represents proteins
26:53 are attached to thin filaments. That's those orange things are. All
26:59 The in line is where you have thick filaments attached. All right.
27:05 , you can see here here's the line. Here's an in line.
27:08 line. That right there is a Amir says for each to Z
27:12 In the middle is an in line the Z lines, you have thin
27:17 from the in line, you have filaments going in opposite directions. And
27:21 there's overlap. So where there's no , it's going to be lighter where
27:27 is overlap. It's going to be . Does that make sense? I
27:32 United's need a visual representation. 1 2 3. You three come
27:37 . Mhm. Uh huh. You . Alright, this is easy.
27:44 right now, she is going to our in line then she looks like
27:50 great in line. Excellent. Come right here, That little bit more
27:54 . Yeah. All right now, the in line we have some thick
27:57 , so stick at your thick filaments . There you go. Excellent.
28:02 here we have a Z line. he looked like a great Z
28:06 Yeah. And then we need another line on the other side. All
28:11 . And of course from the Z , what do we have? We
28:13 thin filaments right now. Do you ? We have an area of no
28:18 and we have an area of overlap then we have an area of no
28:22 . An area of no overlap. of overlap. No overlap. So
28:26 light it's darker. It's lighter, , darker, lighter. That's what's
28:33 on here. So, what we is from here, my wingspan is
28:37 as big as yours. That's All right. So, what we
28:41 from the tips of her finger to tips of her other fingers, that
28:44 the a band. Okay. Where have overlapped from the tips of each
28:49 their fingers, right where there is overlap. That would be the H
28:54 . Here's the in line from from the tip of her finger where
28:58 no overlap to the Z line, half of an eye band. And
29:03 the other half of an eye band here. Okay. And so what's
29:07 to happen? You can put But what's going to happen is is
29:11 a contraction? The thick filaments are pull on the thin filaments and they
29:16 of move in not that far, goodness right there, they're gonna move
29:21 close as they can and they're going stop. Do you see? So
29:24 we've done is we're gonna see change the size of each of the
29:30 I noticed the Saarc Amir got smaller a contraction. Right. Do you
29:34 that? Right? The Ibon got lot smaller. Didn't the a band
29:40 change because their arms didn't change Right? The H zone change length
29:46 the thin film it's got a lot to the M. Line. All
29:49 . And so when the contraction, we can do is we can look
29:52 those and ask that question of what's interaction? Are you getting tired
29:57 No, it's really fun. I just keep them up here all
30:00 I can't really All right, you can go sit down. All
30:04 But does that help that visualization help little bit? Yeah. Go out
30:09 buy them a beer or something? ma'am. Yeah. Okay, that's
30:17 good question. What's the difference between Saarc Amir and a muscle cell?
30:21 , so that muscle cell remember is long cell and it's made up of
30:26 units of Saarc Amir's along the So the Saarc Amir is a representation
30:32 that side of skeleton repeating itself over over and over again. So when
30:36 grow for example when you started off outside your mother's or about this
30:43 All right. And then you're now . Right? So your muscles
30:49 So when your muscles grew, what did was it added Sarka mirrors along
30:54 length to make your muscle longer. right. Now, I think I'm
30:59 mention this tomorrow or Tuesday, but just saying now. All right,
31:02 you go and work out what's going happen? Well, what you're doing
31:05 you're now adding bundles of those mile , right? You're making more and
31:12 and more. So if you start with 100 you're working out all the
31:15 . You may now have 1000 what muscles do when you work out they
31:20 , don't they? So, what doing is you're making the cells
31:23 So to answer your question, just sure the Saarc Amir is the thing
31:28 is the part of the length and the unit of contraction. So when
31:32 think of a contraction of a muscle Sark amir is getting smaller and not
31:36 one, there's hundreds of them. so they're each getting smaller and
31:41 smaller, causing the whole muscle cell smaller. And then when you think
31:46 each of these muscle cells are bundled , then that fasting is getting
31:49 And when you think about fast cars bundled together for muscles themselves. The
31:54 thing is getting smaller. Help. right. So one of the things
32:02 need to be able to do and encourage you. please draw it out
32:08 you're going to be able to have be able to recognize an A.
32:10 I banned after I recognize in a you have to recognize an in line
32:14 the Z. Line. That's not difficult. But you also have to
32:17 which ones get smaller during a All right. So, remember it's
32:21 I. And the H. Zone the A band that gets smaller.
32:25 right now, there's other molecules in . And I mentioned these mostly to
32:33 you understand that It's not just the thin filaments and life goes on.
32:37 right. Some of these are important terms of maintaining structure. So we
32:41 nebula. Alright, nebula is the that's attached to the Z.
32:47 Right along with al fact, in And what it does is it helps
32:50 make sure that the acting filaments are straight out that they're not going up
32:56 they're not going down or sideways or like that. In other words,
32:59 it does is it helps to maintain relationship of acting tobiason alright. Or
33:05 filament. Too thick filaments. All . It's not gonna do you any
33:09 if you're thick filaments are going this , but you're thin filaments are going
33:13 way you want because you want as interaction as you can get. All
33:18 , we have a molecule tibetan. needs a little blue thing here that
33:21 like a spring. So if I a muscle I need something to move
33:26 muscle back to its original position. we have this molecule that acts like
33:30 spring so that when that interaction between thick and the filament thin filament
33:36 the molecule bounced back to the original or the star career bounces back to
33:40 original shape. Right? So if stretch the rubber band when you let
33:45 deserve a man bounce back to its shape. That's the same thing.
33:49 just going the opposite direction because you're contraction instead of stretching. All
33:55 3rd we have dystrophin. All You've heard a muscular dystrophy district is
34:01 molecule that kind of play the role that. Alright. And really what
34:04 is? It says, look, have this structure that is round and
34:08 eventually going to come up against the Emma. Alright. And at some
34:13 at the circle Emma, I'm not be able to have the same sort
34:15 interactions between thick and thin filaments. gonna run out of space. And
34:20 I've got these molecules to ensure that mild fibrosis are anchored so that we
34:24 get that interaction. Alright, so this basically just keeps the structure in
34:30 so that we can get these large of mild fibers together so that they
34:36 have their interaction. Now notice we haven't talked about a contraction yet.
34:44 right. And so I'm kind of out a little bit. I'm going
34:47 come back again and we're going to at specifically what's going on inside that
34:51 . But what I want you to is that we have muscles that are
34:55 up of what are called motor And a motor unit is simply a
34:58 neuron and the muscle fiber it All right. So notice it's a
35:03 there for the fibers, the muscle , but it's singular for the
35:08 And we're not making specific as to many fibers are involved in a motor
35:13 because it differs depending upon what the is supposed to be. All
35:18 Now, the type of activity, it's delicate for example, you're going
35:24 have very few muscle fibers in a unit. Can you give me an
35:29 of what a delicate activity might be ? City? What do you say
35:35 or sit knitting? Yeah. Most people do you guys know how
35:39 net anyone? All right. So person knows how to knit. So
35:43 an activity like knitting that everyone here ? Righty. Right. Would you
35:48 that delicate? I mean you have have fine motor skill to make sure
35:53 pencil moves. Just right. All . So, you can imagine.
35:57 have lots and lots of motor units each of the motive units are very
36:01 discreet. There's very few muscle cells neuron to allow that activity to
36:08 All right now let's think of a activity. What would be an example
36:11 course activity? What's that? punching, All right, I like
36:15 . Okay. Does everyone here know to punch? It's just one
36:20 A couple of people like, I know how to punch. Just
36:23 them. I'll start. Okay, not everyone knows how to punch,
36:26 well, we can use that. usually think of walking. Walking is
36:30 cruise activity. Walking is not right, What you're doing is you're
36:35 up your foot, you're putting your weight forward, you're catching yourself.
36:38 right, that's a pretty crude There's very little finesse that goes with
36:43 . But punching can work as right, All I'm doing is I'm
36:46 drop uh using the force of my muscles actually goes all the way down
36:51 body, down through my glorious to that, forced to drive that fist
36:56 . But there's not like, I need to nuance that I need
37:00 , you know, tweak these things very small units. So, with
37:06 , I'd have lots of fibers per or per neuron. Now, the
37:11 you can think about this, and don't know if this is going to
37:15 everybody. Um Anyone here have like really really good stereo system.
37:22 Okay, everyone's on their ipods or ipod. See that's how old it
37:27 . That's how they actually start. was before an iphone there was an
37:30 . Can you believe that? all of you now, basically walking
37:34 with your stereo's in your pockets. right. But there are some people
37:38 have actually still very good stereo Right. I don't see this
37:43 I don't even watch tv anything other your phones. Just so sad.
37:48 , my examples are going away. right. So, if you look
37:54 the volume control for a good stereo , what are the numbers? It
37:59 from zero to usually what anyone now said 10 negative. It's not going
38:06 go negative. That would be Huh? 100. Right.
38:12 I can basically go from 0 to to 2 to 3 to 4 to
38:15 to 6 to 7. And that be the same thing when I get
38:18 10. That would be like going a bat serious system when I go
38:21 to 1. Right? Basically what done is I've taken that that one
38:26 I've sliced it into tents, haven't ? Right. So 0 to 10
38:30 the same thing as 0 to 100 I'm moving with the 10th in
38:35 Right. So, I have finesse terms of like all right, let
38:38 just show you how bad of a I am. So at home when
38:43 watch movies on the surround sound, volume has to be 62 or I
38:49 hear it. Exactly 60-61, 63 too loud. It has to be
38:57 . My whole family roll your eyes me, but that's just that's just
39:01 . If I had a worse surround system it be six and then I'd
39:06 like I can't get it louder. I'm stuck. Right? That's what
39:12 trying to describe here. Is that ? It's basically being able to create
39:17 unique movement because I can then recruit motor units that have subtle changes in
39:24 or create subtle changes. All Second thing about a motor units fibers
39:30 not gonna be clustered on one All right. They're gonna be spread
39:34 through the muscle again. So, want you to think about moving
39:37 What you're basically doing when you're contracting you're pulling on the muscle.
39:41 And so if I have all the motor units on one side, what's
39:45 do? It's gonna pull on the and twist that muscle. So what
39:48 want to do is I want to those so that we're pulling equally along
39:53 length of the muscles of the muscle in one direction, right? So
39:57 it's making that one movement that kind makes sense. So what you're trying
40:01 do is you're trying to squeeze this But if I had all the muscles
40:04 this side it would squeeze like That makes sense. All right now
40:11 contraction is called a twitch. All . So when you hear the word
40:14 ? Don't think I think the muscle going through an individual cell is going
40:19 a contraction. The neuromuscular junction is it all starts. Alright,
40:27 here's something you've already learned now. just going to take what you've learned
40:30 we're going to now apply it to muscle cell. So, what we
40:33 here is a neuromuscular junction. Is interaction between a motor neuron and the
40:40 cell? All right. You can here, here's our synapse. We
40:43 a special name for that synapse. call it the motor in plate.
40:47 right. The synaptic cleft is that space where that neurotransmitter in this case
40:53 acetylcholine is going to be released. , basically you have an action potential
40:57 travels down the length of the When it gets down to the end
41:00 the axon, it releases or opens channels. These calcium voltage gated calcium
41:05 , calcium comes in. Calcium binds the vesicles causes them to open up
41:10 release the acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft Colin traverses across the synaptic cleft,
41:17 to acetylcholine receptors on that muscle And those receptors are channels they open
41:23 . They allow sodium to come into cell. And what you're doing is
41:27 producing a greater potential that's called the plate potential so far. Nothing.
41:34 there new other than a little bit words. Language right now. The
41:38 plate potential in a muscle cell. that that greater potential is strong enough
41:43 cause a whole cell to reach So, there is no need for
41:48 . You're basically just going to get action potential. And what's going to
41:52 is that action potential then is going travel along the surface of the
41:58 Now, what I want to show here. So here it is.
42:01 , you're seeing the the acts on can see this is the action
42:07 It's basically traveling to directions because this thing is in the middle. But
42:12 what you're doing is you're seeing an potential and that's going to cause an
42:16 potential in the muscle cell. if you align these two things
42:19 you can see this one happens before . Do you hear the rain?
42:25 you people who forgot your umbrellas? . Mhm. You're damn it in
42:33 car. The Morris here colleague that receptive on the seat of pulling intercepted
42:41 stronger the word No. All So, this is a really good
42:45 , he says. So, the calling the stronger the contraction, the
42:48 is gonna be known. It's going be actually kind of explained here.
42:52 going to see in the next Why? All right. So,
42:54 , what's happening is you're releasing the amount of sina calling each time.
42:58 right. So each action potential results the same amount of Aceto calling being
43:03 and there's the there's the motor neuron look right after it. So you
43:08 see from here to here there's a delay. What do we call that
43:12 do you guys remember? No synaptic . Alright. So between A.
43:20 B. There's gonna be a small . So you can see there's a
43:22 delay between the expectation here and motor and the muscle cell. But we
43:27 care about the action potential. Other that it's a signal to tell something
43:30 happen. Right? What is the about self supposed to do supposed to
43:37 ? So an action potential serves as signal to cause a contraction. Look
43:41 the delay here. The contraction follows action potential. Alright. It's in
43:48 to the action potential. So there a slight delay. We call this
43:53 latent period after the X. Potential in the muscle cell. That is
43:58 signal to signal for contraction. We're see what's actually happening in the cell
44:02 just a minute and that's what we're to see the contraction. So you
44:04 a period of contraction and then you a period of relaxation there roughly
44:10 All right. And it's this that call a twitch. Now that twitch
44:16 particularly powerful. It doesn't really do . If I twitch. If your
44:21 twitch, your muscles will twitch, wouldn't be able to see it.
44:24 be able to measure it if you probes in it but you couldn't see
44:27 twitch is incapable of actually doing So we need to do is we
44:32 to do something that's additive and that's up the twitches to create a contraction
44:37 the entire cell. All right. this represents the twitch right there.
44:44 your stimulus act potentially get a twitch potentially get a twitch so on and
44:48 forth. And what's happening is is trying to produce what is called
44:53 Now, you've heard the word tetanus , It refers to when your mom
44:57 you don't go outside without your shoes because you can step on a rusty
45:00 and you're going to get tetanus. you heard that? Yeah. All
45:05 . Why is it called tetanus? is when I step on a
45:07 Now, why do I get something tetanus? What is tetanus? Do
45:11 think it locks up the muscles its by contraction in the jaw muscle.
45:21 , alright, but tetanus is a contraction inside a muscle cell. All
45:28 . So, when I do any sort of movement, I'm maintaining
45:33 sustained contraction. Anytime I move a I'm getting tetanus. All right.
45:39 , when I contract and then relax period of contraction and sustaining it.
45:45 that tetanus? All right. it's a smooth sustained contraction,
45:50 tetanus is useless because basically the muscles going to move. It's just going
45:54 sit there and go through a series twitches that may actually be visible.
45:59 this is when you're looking at a cell and you're seeing a contraction occurring
46:04 tetanus. And then what you want do is you want to get a
46:06 bunch of cells to go through tetanus to do the work that needs to
46:10 done now. Yeah, it's time do a little bit of weight lifting
46:19 I'm a strong person. All I'm going to now. I'm going
46:21 curl this ready Freddie. Thank Well, you're gonna be impressed in
46:35 a minute when I start doing Okay. Obviously that doesn't weigh a
46:41 . A couple ounces. Right, did I do is I contracted the
46:45 , Right, relax, tries and when I put it back down,
46:49 the bicep. Alright, so what's on there in order for me to
46:54 that item is I'm attracting motor enough motor units to produce enough force
47:01 allow me to overcome the load of little pointer. All right, not
47:06 much the same muscles are going to used to do curls with this.
47:17 . I'm still doing same muscles. you say this chair weighs a little
47:22 more then? The little tiny All right, so, you can
47:27 in that muscle I've recruited now more units to create more force to overcome
47:34 load. So what happens is, first as I begin contractions, the
47:39 base, I mean, I'm sending , say it's not going away a
47:42 . So just send a couple of down to a certain number of motor
47:45 to create that movement. But if was if I meet resistance then I'm
47:50 to recruiting more and more and I think I'm going to do this
47:54 but I'm afraid it's going to be and yucky. All right. This
48:01 lighter. I'm not going to the . Yeah. Because Mhm.
48:09 I'm not going to the tape Not much heavier. Sometimes there's a
48:14 in here and I'll do that as . Not not the whole table.
48:16 not that strong. But you just like the edge and you can
48:20 the heavier and heavier. Harry. gets the more and more motor units
48:23 need to recruit. All right. more motor units I recruit, the
48:27 the muscle becomes fatigued because your muscles up of a series of motor
48:32 And I did see that you have question. So, I'll come
48:34 All right. It's made up a of motor units and there's only so
48:38 motor units that are available. So more work it does, the quicker
48:42 can go through fatigue. So remember was up here a minute ago standing
48:45 like this going this is not a . This is easy because it doesn't
48:48 a lot of motor units to hold arms out straight. Would you
48:51 What if I put two books in hands? All right. She needs
48:55 motor units recruited? And so they fatigued And during, you know,
48:58 when she's not holding anything, she motor units are getting tired. But
49:02 it's like, okay, I can in a different motor units allow the
49:06 that have become fatigued to go through period. While the motor unit that
49:10 recruited in to replace it is now through the contraction. Right? But
49:15 more that I've recruited in, the I can recruit in later, and
49:20 become tired. And that's when my finally just say I can't do this
49:24 . All right. So, there's aspects to it, right? In
49:28 to create greater strength. I need recruit in more motor units. All
49:34 . This is gonna be the recruitment . And so what we're doing is
49:36 summing up the number of fibers and number of motor units to overcome the
49:44 that we're trying to move. All . Because we're not clustered. We're
49:49 we're able to cause the whole muscle contract in the way that we wanted
49:53 contract. All right. And lastly, because I'm recruiting in a
49:59 based on the number of fibers that . Each fiber is gonna fatigue over
50:04 . But the fewer fibers that I'm at any given time is the longer
50:07 can do whatever the activity is because can replace the fibers. It's kind
50:11 like a factory that's going 24 How many if you were running a
50:15 that was 24 hours, how many would you have To you do 12
50:20 shifts? Yeah. Three right. hour shifts. That's that's if you
50:26 to make it even easier, you do 46 hour shifts and you know
50:28 the other. But the idea is want people that it comes. But
50:31 you're recruiting more and more people to in one shift, you're not gonna
50:33 enough to run one of those are you? That's kind of what
50:37 is. All right. So let go here and then I've got over
50:40 . Mhm. So, this is question is how does the motor unit
50:49 when? Well, it's not the unit that knows it's the brain that
50:53 . And so, remember we have input. We're gonna be measuring the
50:57 of contraction in that muscle that we , right? And if we're not
51:01 the contraction and that's going to go the brain and say what you recruited
51:05 enough. And remember this is a time. It's very quick. Is
51:08 recruited more sending more signals. More units. And so that's what's going
51:12 happen is you're going to, you , hit that resistance. And then
51:15 just recruited more muscles in order to the load. So think about I
51:19 know how many guys lift weights. you can just imagine anything that's
51:22 You look at a box or like right, I'm gonna go pick that
51:25 and slightly and then you just have work a little bit harder. That's
51:29 on your brain going okay? I've to find the point where I can
51:32 that load. Yes, sir. So we can describe mhm. Basically
51:38 recruitment of like a cycle. So the question is, would I
51:44 the asynchronous recruitment as a cycle? answer is yes, but it's not
51:49 not an infinite cycle, alright. eventually you're going to catch up.
51:53 you guys go with about four hours sleep a night? One night?
51:58 you do it one night? How two nights? Probably three nights.
52:02 not so much. Some of your I think I could do that four
52:05 . You can see it would start you down to a point where eventually
52:08 be like I can't do it. right. And that's kind of how
52:12 behave as well. They're like, , I can do this for a
52:15 period of time. But eventually the is going to catch up. And
52:19 what you're doing first is you're going run through the quick fatiguing. Uh
52:24 that right? So it's the Oh , the fatigue resistant ones first because
52:29 don't know how long the activity is to go. And so basically what
52:31 doing is you're running through the ones can last longest. And then eventually
52:35 burn through those and then finally you're with the the ones are the ones
52:39 fatigue the quickest. All right back the beefcake and cheesecake. All
52:48 What we got here is muscle tone I picked these because I think these
52:53 show muscle tone fairly well. All . And really what this does is
52:58 is the continuous and passive partial contraction a muscle. So your muscles are
53:04 in a state of partial contraction. never go into full relaxation. And
53:09 when you look at something that looks , what you're looking at is
53:12 oh, that's that partial contraction of these different muscles. Now, this
53:15 important for a whole bunch of posture, balance and helps to prevent
53:19 injury. So, we were talking how muscle is so important across the
53:23 . What we're presuming here is that is already partially contracted so it prevents
53:29 in that joint. All right. relaxed muscle doesn't prevent movement. You
53:36 , In other words, if it have that tone to it, it
53:38 to do So typically we say hi tone is associate with strength and power
53:43 low muscle tone is flexibility. All . So, what have you been
53:48 ever since you were in grade school stretching before exercising, right? It
53:54 you makes you it's very important. actually research that says otherwise, it's
53:58 it doesn't matter. It's kind of . But really the idea is
54:02 oh, if I go and stretch , then I will be more flexible
54:07 do and I can avoid injury. that true? Again? Research says
54:11 , But that's the idea. It provides flexibility. What you're doing
54:15 you're taking those fibers and you're stretching beyond their point. All right.
54:21 It's the connective tissue holds everything It's also the size of the
54:25 Remember we said that's the one that um the more physical activity you
54:31 the more muscle tone you're going to as well. All right. And
54:35 basically is the number of motor units are being shown. I want to
54:41 this up here. Not for you memorize anything. All right.
54:43 the it's the concept that I want to take away. All right.
54:47 is a uh an optimal range for um muscle fibers exist. Alright,
54:56 thick and thin filaments have enough overlap that they can contract well, and
55:03 know, they haven't been stretched too so that they can't contract. We'll
55:07 if you if you go through a contraction when the muscles at its
55:10 everything is overlapping and jammed up So I can't contract any further.
55:15 then if you overstretch, what happens the thick and the thin filaments basically
55:19 overlapping anymore. So, they can't . So, there's this range where
55:26 an optimal length and that's what you're to accomplish or what muscle tries to
55:32 it. So where this leads us is Okay. So how do I
55:39 get this contraction? All right. the truth is I could probably tell
55:45 this in five minutes and then just you on your way and you you're
55:48 to go. All right. I in my upper level class I teach
55:52 an hour and a half and then show them like the one slide and
55:55 , here's everything you need to know five minutes that we just talked
55:58 And then they all look at me All right. But I wanted you
56:03 kind of get there's a little bit that you guys have to know than
56:05 . All right. So here we . And we're looking remember here's our
56:10 cell. This is our neuromuscular And what this is showing you is
56:14 release of the neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine opens , go through the receptor creates an
56:19 potentially exponential travels along the surface of cell. All right. That's where
56:27 are. All right. So acts services sell it's moving along the surface
56:32 the cell. But remember we talked the T tubules, T tubules are
56:36 extension of the surface of the sell just happens to go through the
56:41 So while action potentials are traveling along , cells are also going down through
56:45 t to build down to the other . And as it's going down through
56:49 t tubules there are receptors that are within that T tubules. Alright.
56:58 So this basically just says action Now we're getting the oxygen is traveling
57:02 and that's where we are. And we're at step two step to travels
57:06 the t tubules. The receptors that located in there. They're called the
57:11 receptors. All right. So they're the surface and then on those terminal
57:16 knee is another receptor called Ryan iodine . All right together. They're called
57:22 foot protein. And so what it basically is as that accidental goes down
57:28 stimulates the opening of the D. . P. Receptor which stimulates the
57:32 of the right Ryan iodine receptor. that is a channel that opens up
57:37 allows calcium to come flooding out of circle plastic particularly. All right.
57:43 I put it all together up to point. X. Potential travels along
57:47 surface. Are happens at the motor plate travels along the surface of the
57:50 . Goes down the T tube. down the T tube you'll exponential stimulates
57:54 D. H. P receptor which the Rhianna dine receptor that basically causes
57:59 . The flood into or I should out of the circle plasma particularly into
58:03 cytoplasm. Why do we care about , calcium? Do do you
58:10 Yes contraction. It's responsible for binding to that troponin molecule and moving it
58:16 of the way now is it up ? It's not All right. So
58:20 that calcium does it allows for the bridge formation. Alright, so this
58:27 the state between the mayas and head the thick filament. And here's the
58:33 film and you can see the act you see all this, here's a
58:35 minus and that little purple thing and this junk up there is part of
58:40 . And so when calcium comes along it does, it binds to the
58:43 and it moves it out of the and the miocene is already there it's
58:47 to go to bind up to the . All it has to do is
58:50 need to move the troponin which moves trope of mice. And so you
58:53 the interaction that's a cross bridge. now the act of the Maya center
58:59 and then once they interact the chemical their causes the Maya said head to
59:06 . Okay so the calcium that's being in response to the action potential through
59:14 little pathway that I just showed you what's causing a contraction. Okay now
59:20 the mice in the act have interacted created a small movement but muscles have
59:26 movements, don't they? I mean that a big movement to you.
59:29 that be a big movement from here here. I'm getting like this not
59:33 head and of course she agrees. she's right. See a plus.
59:39 right. The thing is is that learned? Yes, sir. We'll
59:47 there. Hopefully. Hopefully. Maybe today. Might actually be thursday.
59:54 what I wanna do is have you that if I don't have energy,
59:58 muscles don't contract. Did you did learn that? Right. If I
60:02 out of energy if I don't drink gatorade, I'm gonna keel over and
60:06 muscles aren't gonna work anymore. you know. No, not not
60:09 that. Okay. But you need need you need your fuel.
60:15 Hershey bars. No. Okay, bars. Alright. There we
60:22 All right. This is really really because if you look at it looks
60:28 really weird. All right. But want you to think about remember what
60:31 said about Madison. We said ahead . There are two parts on the
60:35 . What do we have on the ? We had an 80 P.
60:37 . Site and we had a binding at E. P. A
60:40 Its job is to break A. . P. And so what happens
60:44 we're going to start up here remember said calcium came along and cause that
60:49 and then we pulled on that. right. So what ATP does is
60:54 it binds to that minus and head first causes the release of my sin
61:00 acting. And then when I break bond it causes me to change the
61:08 of the head so that I can interact again. And then when I
61:12 rid of the inorganic phosphate, which so important to you. That allows
61:16 to pull again. All right. is what is called the power
61:20 Alright, so, calcium allows for interaction. And when when those two
61:26 interact, you're going to get What 80p does is it breaks the
61:30 and resets the myson so that it again interact with the acting. All
61:36 . How can I remember this Doctor ? Because this is really, really
61:39 and scary and it goes against everything ever learned in my life because ATP
61:42 important. All right. When you , like what I'm going to talk
61:47 death now. Yes. When you , what happens to the corpse rigor
61:54 ? Right. And what is rigor ? It's a sustained contraction.
61:59 okay. This is what's happening when dive. You have in your cells
62:05 you're producing ATP just constantly, constantly it right now. When you
62:11 you're gonna burn through whatever little ATP available there. All right.
62:15 one of the things that does it to pump calcium into the struggle lies
62:19 particular. Um And then what's gonna is is all that calcium releases and
62:22 like, all right, calcium comes of the cell and your muscles like
62:25 , who calcium? And so you these contractions that are going to go
62:29 cause your muscles start contracting right now . You're burning through your at very
62:35 . So what's gonna happen is is going you're not just getting that little
62:38 contraction and getting many contractions and all a sudden the ATP runs out and
62:42 you're stuck in a contracted state. rigor mortis is when I don't have
62:47 T. P. Uh And then course eventually that'll breaks down all the
62:54 and then you get loose again and gross. We don't talk about
62:59 Okay. All right. So this the steps now Kenny. I
63:04 I haven't answered your question yet. . But we'll hopefully we'll get
63:09 All right, so, calcium Is binding 80 p. is for disconnecting
63:19 thick and thin filament and resetting the and head so I can get that
63:25 again. Now, we've already mentioned . Right. What is a contraction
63:32 ? It's those muscle fibers sliding over other. We saw it when when
63:37 three of them were up here. . We saw when the to
63:40 Lines move. What's happening is the filaments are pulling on the thin filaments
63:45 the Z lines are moving towards the line. All right. And that's
63:50 function of the calcium in the 80 calcium contraction. Uh 80 P.
63:56 as long as calcium is available. just keep pulling and I'll move the
63:59 Z. Lines. And so what's in a contraction is the saarc amir
64:04 getting smaller now. What is actually smaller in there? Well the fibers
64:08 getting smaller, smaller they're sliding over other And so if we look at
64:12 would say. All right. Well have the H. Zones.
64:16 The zone was here in the We're losing H zone. It's getting
64:21 . All right. The Z discs moving towards those thick filaments so the
64:25 bands get shorter. But the a because the thick filaments don't change shape
64:30 always going to be the same But the contraction simply is the to
64:37 discs moving closer to each other. . Obviously muscles relax right after you
64:47 . Remember we said we have that then we have that relaxation. So
64:50 going on here? Well, in to get a muscle relax just get
64:53 of the calcium. How do we rid of calcium? We we pump
64:58 away. And that's what the Sarka particular was formed. We have pumps
65:02 the Sarka plasma particular. Um Once circa And I'm not going to sit
65:06 and go what are the names of pump? But circles really kind of
65:09 easy one. It says smooth and plasma particular calcium pump. That's where
65:14 name comes from. All right. what you have is you have a
65:18 on there and it's constantly pumping It's always on. Right. But
65:23 those Ryan nadine receptors are open. rate at which calcium leaves is faster
65:27 the rate at which calcium gets pumped and that's why we have calcium and
65:30 side is all. But when you those right in a diner receptors,
65:35 can't leave the saarc applies particularly and can pump it in there. And
65:39 that's how you remove calcium from the is all All right. So when
65:44 no action potential, right? No because you have no access potential here
65:49 have no stimulation of those D. receptors which means you have no stimulation
65:52 the Ryan nadine receptors which means you no calcium moving out to the side
65:56 all. Which means you have nothing buy two troponin which means no
66:04 This is kind of like that game trap. Did you guys ever play
66:08 ? I don't think anyone really actually played. I think we just kind
66:10 like to build it and put the in there and see if we get
66:13 whole thing to work. If you know what mousetrap is. Don't worry
66:16 it. It's an old game that really work the way it should
66:19 All right. But it's just basically a series of dominoes if it occurs
66:23 B. And B occurs and CFC in D. D. Occurs.
66:26 E. So you just need to what the steps are. And if
66:28 can't do one of those steps and not going to get the contraction,
66:34 are you doing? Alright. We've earlier today. Yeah. All
66:41 So, first off did we say is unimportant? No, it
66:47 It's 100% important. And so we're get our energy uh from a couple
66:52 places. All right. First, have it stored up. All
66:56 All cells are making a T. . At a specific rate. And
66:59 your muscle cells already have some in . Right. But you're going to
67:03 out of it fairly quickly. All . So, you can see in
67:06 muscle fibers we have about five seconds of energy in the amount of https
67:12 there. So, we're gonna we're use different systems to help extend that
67:17 of time that we can use that . We also have another pathway
67:20 So, the immediate supplies through a called the uh hostage in system.
67:26 was trying to get phosphate out of word. The Foster gin system and
67:30 the anaerobic pathway and the aerobic pathway the other two mechanism that you've already
67:34 heard about. All right. this is the Foster Gin system.
67:38 these three things right here. All . No oxygen is required.
67:42 this is every cell has these but particular the muscles take advantage of
67:46 And what you can think about it is that there's a finite amount of
67:50 teepee that each cell has. I'm gonna make up a number, let's
67:53 it's 100 molecules of a T. . All right. So once I
67:57 up my 100 I can't make any . All right. But I need
68:01 have more energy available to me. , I'm going to have alternate pathways
68:05 store up energy that can quickly be into a teepee. All right.
68:10 , the first thing, right, that a teepee that I start off
68:14 there? You can see I break down. And so once I ran
68:16 of that, what can I Well, I'm creating a by
68:20 This is A D. P. right. Vincent di phosphate. And
68:24 I take two at P. I can move one of those phosphates
68:27 to this one to make more All right. Now, in the
68:33 term this is really gonna suck because I've got a molecule has one
68:36 And if I want to make a . P. I've got to add
68:38 phosphates which is a lot of energy a lot of work. But as
68:42 as a quick source of energy. know, if I'm if I have
68:46 muscle that needs to do something right , I've got someplace where I can
68:49 that. The second is here. right. Sarah Murray writes that I'm
68:53 100 molecules of a TP Once you 100 molecule of a T.
68:57 I can't make any more again. numbers just for the sake of this
69:02 . But what I can do is can take that phosphate to another
69:05 Let's have 1000 molecules of creating in cell. Alright. Just making up
69:10 number. What I can do is can start adding phosphate from my 80
69:14 . Two that creatinine and I'm creating phosphate. And I can have 1000
69:19 phosphate in the cell. And if have less than 100 80 P I
69:22 make more 80 P. Does that sense? Right So once my 80
69:26 tank is full I can't make any . But if I empty out my
69:29 P tank I can I can make ATP. So what I'm doing is
69:33 moving energy from this molecule ATP to molecule as storage. And then that
69:39 I can start off with 100 and P. And I have 1000 molecules
69:43 creating phosphate in storage. So when start burning through my A.
69:47 P. All I gotta do is move that energy back over to the
69:53 . And I'm a cat pee again makes sense. Put another way I'm
69:59 this other molecule to hold on to energy for me. So I can
70:03 back to it later. Can you this for me while I sit around
70:07 way for action. And then when is occurring I can come back and
70:10 it from you and the creation saying sure why not? All right.
70:15 , what does this do? well, so the 80 p.
70:19 , that's about five seconds of This right here, the Malkin's pathways
70:22 two seconds of energy. And this another 10 or 15 seconds of
70:27 So, you can see here I do something really, really quick,
70:31 ? Burst speed. Um like when crossing Cullen and all these people are
70:35 at you because you weren't paying Can you get out of the way
70:38 quickly? No, none of you I've seen you you all stare at
70:42 like back on the phone. You realize I drive like a million miles
70:49 hour. Uh huh. Well, right. So that's that's the quick
70:58 . The short and long term energy stuff that you've learned in biology
71:01 And again, we're not going to through all the massive number of
71:05 Right? So basically what we're doing starting with glucose. So we take
71:08 glycogen. We break it down, released from glycogen glucose molecules. And
71:12 we're gonna do is we're gonna take glucose. And in the presence of
71:16 , we're gonna go through lots and and lots of steps, Right?
71:20 what we're going to get out of is we're gonna get about 38 80
71:23 . So, it's a way to energy from a molecule that isn't something
71:28 can actually work with and it's a burn. It's basically it's taking a
71:32 and slowly removing energy from it and a portion of that energy for
71:37 All right. And that's what this stuff is. Just trying to Avoid
71:43 to show you is really what it . I don't want to walk through
71:46 the steps. So you get lots lots of 80 p. But it
71:48 oxygen. That's the aerobic stuff. in the absence of oxygen, you
71:52 use something that's anaerobic where you can the first couple of steps and then
71:56 you do is you get a little of a teepee out of it.
71:59 right. And this is something that do is the last resort. All
72:03 . You can get energy very, quickly. But what you also do
72:06 you build up lactic acid. Now ask the question is where did cramps
72:12 from? For the longest time? believed it was lactic acid. The
72:16 now is we're not 100% certain. know. Yeah, it's put put
72:23 acid and sell, you know, . So there's actually more to it
72:28 that. Alright. That my last , it was my last slide.
72:34 alright, before we run out of , I mean, it's not raining
72:36 . So maybe you don't want Are there questions about anything. Is
72:39 is this kind of straightforward kind of of All right, on Tuesday when
72:44 come back Yes, sir. You're okay on Tuesday when we come
72:50 we're gonna come back up and we're start looking muscles from the macro uh
72:55 and hopefully we'll have all the grades everything good to go. All
72:59 Mhm.
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