| 00:01 | Because uh you might imagine there's, a whole book in my head and |
|
| 00:05 | trying to pick the right chapter and now, but uh the exercise itself |
|
| 00:11 | of goes through a lot of what just talked about as it relates to |
|
| 00:15 | two logs. OK? Uh There be any um any Sonic blog or |
|
| 00:24 | , anything like that. I'm just to. So that when you're looking |
|
| 00:27 | a cross section where you see these , it is a really useful interpreted |
|
| 00:34 | . I know, oh, there without doing any calculations. And uh |
|
| 00:42 | it's a quick look uh way of of uh learning and looking at these |
|
| 00:47 | and it kind of, it's always to know with the general responses should |
|
| 00:53 | . And if it's different, that's exciting because sometimes things that are out |
|
| 00:58 | place actually end up being good OK. So there's, this is |
|
| 01:03 | that we talk about. Uh But just gonna, the exercise starts |
|
| 01:08 | Uh I have it separate like this sometimes, you know, the |
|
| 01:12 | the class had ended uh last week we were at this one. Uh |
|
| 01:19 | I would have, uh, gone this again, but we don't have |
|
| 01:22 | go over if I'm teaching a regular , I have to go over this |
|
| 01:25 | because whatever I told them a week , they, ok. So, |
|
| 01:30 | , you guys don't have to Ok. So, um, it |
|
| 01:37 | of starts here. There's only two to it. That one and that |
|
| 01:42 | , it's not showing here but at end of, at the end of |
|
| 01:46 | , both of the logs are uh as complete blanks. They don't have |
|
| 01:50 | notes on them or anything. they look just like this and whatever |
|
| 01:56 | do in here, you might want keep it and finish the project and |
|
| 01:59 | the questions. But uh but there um log one has a set of |
|
| 02:09 | and uh over the years to try clarify it, it used to be |
|
| 02:14 | do this, this do that end being a long explanation because everybody got |
|
| 02:19 | on. So you better explain to and then more explicit you get in |
|
| 02:22 | discussion or question, the more confusing ends up being. But anyway, |
|
| 02:27 | is what you're supposed to do for first log. This is what you're |
|
| 02:32 | to do for the second. So I wanna do right now is just |
|
| 02:36 | at close up some of the things are gonna be asked of you uh |
|
| 02:43 | these. And uh um again, , this would make a um this |
|
| 03:01 | a long time to get sorted But uh it's real simple, but |
|
| 03:04 | is 20 units. So each one these is 10. Yeah. And |
|
| 03:11 | most of the time when you draw diagram like that, you would say |
|
| 03:14 | on it because it's between this far that far, 11 vertical bar and |
|
| 03:18 | other. I it took forever to another. It's hard to find. |
|
| 03:24 | I don't think the person I use slide for an exercise. Normally, |
|
| 03:32 | would tell you, you need to all about this stuff and you need |
|
| 03:34 | know all about the mud f trade all that kind of stuff. And |
|
| 03:37 | people in here know enough already to at the mud trade. It's not |
|
| 03:41 | of the logs, they figure something . That's a big problem. But |
|
| 03:45 | already told you some of the most things and one of those is, |
|
| 03:51 | , for, uh, make sure understand what this represents. And I've |
|
| 03:59 | told you that what that should represent of what the overlap is between shallow |
|
| 04:05 | the. And, uh, and this is very important. And let's |
|
| 04:16 | . So there's the questions and, , one of the things that I |
|
| 04:22 | you to do in this and see up here is, um, they |
|
| 04:30 | call it up here. Ok. , um, it's actually a percent |
|
| 04:39 | full sp response which is SSB static and uh not full sp here. |
|
| 04:47 | What they've gotten out here is um is the SP at zero E |
|
| 04:59 | OK. So it's at the low for this line and uh often that's |
|
| 05:04 | the, the SSD. And that's be the questions. So that's what |
|
| 05:11 | static. Now, I talk about and I want you to label the |
|
| 05:17 | and this is how you would label top of the line that goes across |
|
| 05:21 | . This would be how you label base. Uh Sometimes when I tell |
|
| 05:26 | students, you know, to, this case, I might ask |
|
| 05:31 | this is 10 25. Uh These probably in meters, but I don't |
|
| 05:36 | for sure, but this is 10 this is down to 10 50. |
|
| 05:43 | um it looks like it's about Um It's kind of a strange |
|
| 05:58 | But anyway, uh this is 10 10 50 that year. So this |
|
| 06:04 | gonna be less than 25 years and the thickness of this, but I'm |
|
| 06:09 | ask you what the thickness of a is. It has a top |
|
| 06:13 | If this is actually a meter this would be 10 27. So |
|
| 06:18 | top of that one is 10 If you have a sand one, |
|
| 06:22 | would say something like uh if this the one that you work, I |
|
| 06:26 | ask, um where is the top sand? 10 27 27 m. |
|
| 06:35 | gonna be this the first one I you to look at that sand |
|
| 06:39 | only that three to do it. we grow the first lot. The |
|
| 06:44 | is number by the first and always that. But it may not always |
|
| 06:49 | that when I first started teaching this to engineer. A lot of times |
|
| 06:54 | think didn't grow all that. There's structure and they started correlating in, |
|
| 07:03 | ever do that, I don't think there is structure, you geologist and |
|
| 07:06 | know that uh so anyway, uh would be how you brought it. |
|
| 07:11 | is it, why is it not ? And why is it a little |
|
| 07:15 | down that line? But here's a now, the um sp log is |
|
| 07:28 | bit of a slow tool. Some them aren't the analogs. You don't |
|
| 07:31 | have to deal with this. But but here you can see it kind |
|
| 07:36 | comes up like that. So the kind of cuts halfway between this dramatic |
|
| 07:41 | here and sort of the end of there. OK. This is something |
|
| 07:46 | is starting to go on here, somewhere between here and here and halfway |
|
| 07:51 | it and out there is where that is from. So that's how you |
|
| 07:54 | the top. Let's see. And you know, the kind of |
|
| 08:00 | Well, first thing you do is labeling the sands. Now these days |
|
| 08:04 | would do it you know, you do it with the computer. |
|
| 08:08 | when you have a strip log and looking at that and figure out a |
|
| 08:11 | lot more, a lot quicker. , if you just get a log |
|
| 08:15 | has everything landed by hand so that can see what's going on and call |
|
| 08:19 | up and let it go. uh, so that's kind of how |
|
| 08:24 | pick the top. This would be you pick the face. You can |
|
| 08:27 | there's a little bit going on in . So sort of halfway between a |
|
| 08:30 | of inflections, they picked it One thing I don't want you to |
|
| 08:34 | is if I say, what is top of this sand, what is |
|
| 08:42 | base of this sand? Can you of anything that I would like in |
|
| 08:52 | students will go down and put the base all the way down here. |
|
| 08:56 | is a different sand. It's definitely by a pretty significant share. So |
|
| 09:06 | if, if you get this everything else is gonna get now, |
|
| 09:12 | Like I said, these, these can be reversed depending on the blood |
|
| 09:17 | , but we're doing a quick Uh So if you have oil, |
|
| 09:21 | contacts or something like that, if ask for that, just make sure |
|
| 09:25 | you, you look for something where cross over even if it's the long |
|
| 09:30 | . OK. It be obvious, should be obvious and very right where |
|
| 09:36 | water is what? Regardless of the , the water is gonna be here |
|
| 09:42 | if it's hydro carbon, it's gonna over there. So this, this |
|
| 09:48 | , this jump from here all the over to here in the fact that |
|
| 09:56 | have to deal with. But but it, it's clear, it's |
|
| 10:00 | there's separation here and ferocity. Um , it's clear. Um There's something |
|
| 10:08 | on uh up here that's different than . My average resistivity is, here's |
|
| 10:14 | better way. I think my average is over here. My average resistivity |
|
| 10:19 | over over there. Uh That's definitely and I say, and that's what |
|
| 10:27 | want. So if I ask you the oil water contact is or if |
|
| 10:32 | some cases, I don't think there's gas, gas, oil contact. |
|
| 10:37 | if, but if there is the , oil, the gas would be |
|
| 10:40 | of the road. So I can why I stay at the top of |
|
| 10:45 | Juan. Like I think they mean m lower. Well, it's, |
|
| 10:55 | actually about a half a meter but is only 1 m each. |
|
| 11:02 | from here to there, I was 12345678925 to get down to there. |
|
| 11:10 | , it might even be less, is strange. So I just came |
|
| 11:15 | counting just uh but the reason on this one that you did it |
|
| 11:19 | because everything's going along like this then a massive impact. OK. Tool |
|
| 11:26 | a while to respond. It doesn't OK. It just slides over |
|
| 11:32 | So somewhere about here it starts, know, it's, it's, it's |
|
| 11:37 | this slope, slope, kind of to change right about here. So |
|
| 11:40 | responding to something else. So halfway that and that is the content and |
|
| 11:47 | you do the, you probably, , you, so you don't really |
|
| 11:51 | about that too, the least And then you can look on the |
|
| 11:56 | side of it and you can see going on with the resistivity, which |
|
| 11:59 | getting a bigger response. Anyway, resistivity helps to see it as |
|
| 12:10 | So, you know how to do , you know how to do |
|
| 12:14 | Um This is the static sp is of the one that's the fullest |
|
| 12:22 | And again, here you can see got this nice big clean sand and |
|
| 12:26 | did it like that. And um what do you notice about this and |
|
| 12:34 | ? And his key response very, suppressed, right? What would suppress |
|
| 12:49 | ? Well, it's not supposed to an oil butter uh indicator but |
|
| 12:56 | Excuse me. Yeah, it always from zero. And um these, |
|
| 13:09 | things, uh the game and I also the two box for API will |
|
| 13:17 | , uh we're always uh initially on account is a, well, right |
|
| 13:29 | that wonderful Caleb. Well, I it's a little while ago. It |
|
| 13:35 | it was, I think it Now, there was a bunch |
|
| 13:41 | unfortunately they're not bike holes so people fall into them. But, |
|
| 13:47 | but Slumber, which is just across way is to come over here |
|
| 13:51 | and, uh, get the, in there and figure out how to |
|
| 13:55 | them and get it just to a standard of mythology and fluid situation that |
|
| 14:04 | , they could count on being sort constant. Right? OK. |
|
| 14:08 | now you can, you can do snap man. But, um, |
|
| 14:11 | anyway, the, um, here's 100% static. Um This is |
|
| 14:20 | , of course too. Uh why you think, um, it might |
|
| 14:25 | a little bit suppressed? I can't see why I would sell except it |
|
| 14:38 | has a lot more fine grain layers it. So it's thin eded because |
|
| 14:43 | thin bedded. Um You're gonna see suppression because of that. We're not |
|
| 14:50 | anything really jump out like this except might be this tight street right at |
|
| 14:55 | top of it, which is tight where you don't see much of a |
|
| 15:02 | . This right here is the shale and that's something that can draw, |
|
| 15:10 | , draw something like the shell What on all sp logs on gamma |
|
| 15:17 | , it kind of shifts with But uh, but you can |
|
| 15:21 | when you're working with, you you can draw something that's like |
|
| 15:26 | Typically you don't do the same thing gama logs. But you can, |
|
| 15:30 | , uh, even with the Gama , you're gonna kind of come up |
|
| 15:33 | a zero here and this is gonna 100 out here, which is gonna |
|
| 15:37 | the highest number that you have. then I figure out that one of |
|
| 15:41 | , the first lot only has one sand, but it only has one |
|
| 15:45 | sand. That's a very, it's an 8 ft bed. I've given |
|
| 15:49 | a factor that just come off a what the um correction would be for |
|
| 15:58 | a thin man to get it out here. So all the questions I |
|
| 16:04 | , you're gonna base you based on log. But when I ask you |
|
| 16:07 | that, I just want you to the standard SP is, go change |
|
| 16:12 | on your go broad. It just all of your questions based on what |
|
| 16:17 | see in that log, uh which kind of a suppressed sp and on |
|
| 16:23 | other log, uh it's gonna be and even though it's not sp uh |
|
| 16:28 | , if you want to call uh 100% static is 0% static. |
|
| 16:38 | Here they're calling it zero. But this would be, this would be |
|
| 16:43 | Sam, this would, this would 50% on the, on, on |
|
| 16:48 | a shale line. And so they're it shell it, it's really weird |
|
| 16:52 | they do this, but normally with , we don't use the term but |
|
| 17:07 | the uh the SSP the static sp . And um this is just showing |
|
| 17:17 | , you know that you need, is log two and uh you have |
|
| 17:21 | diagram to help you figure out where deep and the shallow resistivity. Uh |
|
| 17:26 | one thing that I want you to here is this is what we expect |
|
| 17:34 | shale down here, that something's going up here voice and she don't need |
|
| 17:42 | and there's a little bit more separation here. So that process, but |
|
| 17:48 | actually gonna ask you um where is 78 50 the top of the 78 |
|
| 17:57 | city? OK. I don't want really answer the question for you |
|
| 18:02 | but you can see uh on the you have an infection to hear and |
|
| 18:10 | comes all the way over here. And so if, if this was |
|
| 18:17 | SP log, I might tell you pick it somewhere other than for this |
|
| 18:24 | goes, goes into the resistivity. , can you see the resistivity very |
|
| 18:32 | ? Can you see the shallow of deep? See what's, what's happened |
|
| 18:39 | is like this bit of the log here actually goes way out here. |
|
| 18:45 | that's not, not a shallow response whatever it is and um or that's |
|
| 18:52 | the deep response. So what's happening it's, it's repeating like this, |
|
| 18:56 | almost can't even see the show because should be in other words, if |
|
| 19:03 | , if I had a log like , this log has been given two |
|
| 19:25 | , response comes out like this, out like that, then there's something |
|
| 19:36 | in all that mess, but it's really clear. But then there's something |
|
| 19:39 | that. In other words, this goes here. I haven't, other |
|
| 19:56 | and upscale that is pretty bad. was an overlap, you know, |
|
| 20:02 | , in other words, it's supposed be all the way off the |
|
| 20:07 | but I've been given that track track some minutes. Ok, they've got |
|
| 20:11 | , they've got a different log So, um, so that's |
|
| 20:19 | uh, why you see that kind and, and I'm not here. |
|
| 20:26 | can see, I don't have the log there, but the conductivity is |
|
| 20:29 | nuts. So. Ok, thank . The reason is so high. |
|
| 20:37 | when you see you see the rabbit really fast and far this way, |
|
| 20:43 | do you think that's going? It's always gonna be gas because gas is |
|
| 20:51 | oil, oil is gonna have some . It look like I have even |
|
| 20:57 | . Some kind of activity but without lot less activity because it's gonna be |
|
| 21:07 | mixed in it. So this, what I've just told you is gonna |
|
| 21:13 | you answer the questions correctly. So I grade them, it'll take me |
|
| 21:17 | five seconds and everybody will get 100 this fan. It's really hard for |
|
| 21:29 | . To hear you. Do you it? Yeah, there is. |
|
| 21:40 | not doing that in this space. do that next week. I gotta |
|
| 21:45 | something for him to do. This petroleum geology. What I'm trying to |
|
| 21:50 | you in this class is basically how lot of these tools work and how |
|
| 21:55 | can do a quick look so we , so we can interpret the geology |
|
| 21:59 | without having to, to be a physicist. And at one point in |
|
| 22:04 | , uh when I was in developmental , I almost was a trophy because |
|
| 22:07 | only had one for a big group I had to do my own. |
|
| 22:11 | uh, and we, we uh had computers back then. They were |
|
| 22:15 | mainframe type computers but, but I written uh programs on my T I |
|
| 22:20 | calculator. I wish I hadn't tossed . Uh But, um, my |
|
| 22:24 | I 59 calculator, Texas instrument, had these little uh magnetic tapes and |
|
| 22:30 | would write programs to do a lot the uh calculations. But yeah, |
|
| 22:35 | are, there's, there's all sorts calculations. There's also lots of |
|
| 22:39 | mostly ones that we call nomograms that you cross plot things as well. |
|
| 22:46 | that's it for, for just explaining exercise. But when you're doing |
|
| 22:52 | uh there should be enough information there top of what I've just said to |
|
| 22:56 | you understand what's uh what, what questions are about. And how to |
|
| 23:00 | them perfectly. And, uh, don't usually grade, um, actual |
|
| 23:09 | that difficultly or hard or precisely, guess would be a better word |
|
| 23:14 | when you're doing exercises. But I look at your methods, I look |
|
| 23:18 | how you did it and how you about it. Somebody starts talking about |
|
| 23:22 | calculations. Like if you go to book and look up the calculations and |
|
| 23:25 | figure out something specific and you uh you don't need to do that |
|
| 23:31 | get 100. But, but you , it won't detract from it, |
|
| 23:42 | ? But 11 of the quest, of the questions in both them I |
|
| 23:45 | is are the hydrocarbons here and uh overlaps may not convince you, but |
|
| 23:53 | , the overlaps are not always OK. Now we have two lectures |
|
| 24:05 | other tools and uh lectures seven and . And uh and so we're gonna |
|
| 24:12 | into that now. OK. they should be showing you're not in |
|
| 24:25 | . Oh That's right. You Yeah, the was here. She |
|
| 24:33 | do that. What about um Probably, yeah, I just pointed |
|
| 25:10 | on this log, there's a productivity but sometimes instead of productivity that could |
|
| 25:18 | at the same scale, the same don't necessarily the conductivity. So, |
|
| 25:25 | they always have some kind of uh because one is divided by one or |
|
| 25:35 | or one over the other. So end up looking very similar uh reason |
|
| 25:39 | , I'm bringing this up again is , don't do anything with this curve |
|
| 25:43 | this exercise, but this curve over , whether it's an expanded uh resistivity |
|
| 25:50 | the conductivity curve. Um This is we used to like. OK. |
|
| 26:09 | , um just making sure that we recording it just out here. |
|
| 26:47 | So we were looking at these things uh now we're gonna just take a |
|
| 26:52 | look at some of these types of and uh and again, we're not |
|
| 26:56 | , we won't do anything with this the class, but uh I will |
|
| 27:00 | about reso pressures and stuff like that that's what these cut those come from |
|
| 27:05 | we'll talk about these uh after we through those. Ok. Here is |
|
| 27:20 | um formation pressure drawdown uh curve and found it. Did you guys see |
|
| 27:32 | doing this the whole time? You , it's amazing. I can't see |
|
| 27:36 | on the screen at all. I wondering, yeah, now you can |
|
| 27:43 | look at this. It's, it's it's like missing. So I have |
|
| 27:45 | remember to look over here. um, yeah, with my glasses |
|
| 27:50 | , I have 2015, which is than better than 2020. Yeah. |
|
| 27:57 | you. He's crazy. Speaking of . Yeah, I, I know |
|
| 28:07 | , I'm an old guy and so supposed to be uh feeble and all |
|
| 28:11 | of. Hm. Yeah, I see it now and now I know |
|
| 28:22 | to do. It's, if I'm find it, I gotta get it |
|
| 28:25 | here somewhere over by this. I still can't get to the |
|
| 28:31 | Ok. So I'll just, look over here and watch it. |
|
| 28:36 | , that's annoying. There's gotta there's gotta be, um, |
|
| 28:42 | there it is. Yeah. it's, I'm gonna have to switch |
|
| 29:00 | because it's, uh, it's set , um, presenter mode. So |
|
| 29:03 | gives me all the slides down on bottom and, and a preview of |
|
| 29:07 | coming up. Excuse me? Oh ? Oh, I don't want |
|
| 29:17 | Oh, well. Oh no. The um the recordings probably just have |
|
| 29:22 | slide. It has, has two up. OK. I mean, |
|
| 29:31 | need to change that then. because uh yeah, I get |
|
| 29:39 | Maybe we have a big break. still haven't had lunch yet. So |
|
| 29:42 | might have a big break at some anyway, here's the free oil level |
|
| 29:47 | uh here you can see this shows um um here's the water gradient, |
|
| 29:59 | is the oil gradient. You just structural geology. I think you saw |
|
| 30:03 | curves like this, right? So happens when it's depleted? This moves |
|
| 30:09 | like that? What does this There's a tight zone in here and |
|
| 30:37 | smaller volume volume is being produced? . And, and if you reduce |
|
| 30:47 | pressure in that trap, uh the pressure is gonna drop too but a |
|
| 30:53 | bit. And here here is showing um uh one thing they don't, |
|
| 31:00 | show you in this, this, is the diagram from the cook. |
|
| 31:07 | if, if this is a job no contact has. So currently, |
|
| 31:16 | . So, so um this is the Shepherd book and I just, |
|
| 31:21 | you, if you look at the book or get the Shepherd book, |
|
| 31:30 | you know, this looks fairly correct I'm showing you where it is except |
|
| 31:35 | didn't ship it. The oil gradient to move over uh as it |
|
| 31:41 | Yeah. And here, here I'm again. OK. It should look |
|
| 31:45 | this as it moves over. Then one would be other words, if |
|
| 31:57 | bring them, if you bring the contact up at this point, that |
|
| 32:03 | keeps going, you know, just . OK? And it looks, |
|
| 32:17 | more like that. OK. This another one, a production flowmeter pulse |
|
| 32:24 | log. And uh uh basically, showing you where the oil water contact |
|
| 32:34 | in 2007. You're getting a lot flow higher up there in terms of |
|
| 32:40 | and it's totally swept here. And to me this is where it was |
|
| 32:45 | 2004 and this is where it is it swelled in 2000. OK. |
|
| 32:56 | , we're gonna look at the structural tools and the dip meter logs and |
|
| 33:02 | logs. And uh before I go though, one of the reasons to |
|
| 33:08 | this is so that you can get handle on uh where water is flowing |
|
| 33:12 | where oil is flowing. Uh and how much it's moved up. |
|
| 33:17 | we'll look at some examples of seism you can actually see this boundary uh |
|
| 33:22 | from here to here in 40 So you have 3d seismic and you |
|
| 33:28 | um have it over time. You see that happen too now. |
|
| 33:35 | Um Then there's meter logs and image . Um Since most of you haven't |
|
| 33:40 | this, uh I always ask oh, especially those who have been |
|
| 33:46 | the industry for a while and how like the log and give me, |
|
| 33:50 | me can work and they, and can be uh extremely iffy on the |
|
| 33:54 | hand. But uh but we're gonna through kind of how they're used when |
|
| 33:58 | work. Well. Yeah. Yeah, I'll show you, I'll |
|
| 34:04 | you some stuff on that and this the whole list of things I wanna |
|
| 34:08 | through it. But uh it helps with regional depth and you'll see that |
|
| 34:13 | the things that I show you that help you spot faults, faults. |
|
| 34:19 | There's a lot of things that this an angular conformity is gonna look something |
|
| 34:24 | a, like a, a a normal fault. And um and |
|
| 34:29 | there's uh all these other things that can see. Now, one of |
|
| 34:32 | difficulties though is that um when you're to actually look for um, something |
|
| 34:41 | relates to betting specifically in terms of . Uh when I was, when |
|
| 34:49 | uh was up at the, um did they call it? Mobile had |
|
| 34:52 | thing called the um the Mobile field . And uh and they went out |
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| 35:00 | the Red River and were me measuring cutting and they found out that he |
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| 35:04 | something like 15,000 measurements in a cross river that you knew what the cross |
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| 35:12 | was. Because you'd go out and at it. You have almost 15,000 |
|
| 35:18 | within a, a confined area to out which way the paleo current |
|
| 35:22 | There's a lot of papers that were coming up with paleo currents and uh |
|
| 35:29 | some of them were probably right because you're doing, uh when you're looking |
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| 35:34 | any kind of depositional system, if know which way is down depositional dip |
|
| 35:40 | up depositional dip, you kind of an idea of which way the river |
|
| 35:43 | to flow, even if it's doing , you know, it has to |
|
| 35:47 | going down dip. So if you the depositional dip, then uh oh |
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| 35:52 | the way, when you take sequence the giant bodi is gonna tell, |
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| 35:58 | you what depositional dip is. I students in this class 47 times. |
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| 36:05 | There was a whole class that got there with them and uh a few |
|
| 36:09 | the people did not know what that it was. So I wanna make |
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| 36:13 | everybody, hey, I wanna make everybody in this room knows what depositional |
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| 36:19 | is. Not just me and Buckle because you're gonna get this sequence |
|
| 36:26 | Um, I'm gonna tell you about again. We gonna start doing |
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| 36:34 | so this is, it's gonna be good because I really want to get |
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| 36:42 | these other spots. But, but here's a mountain up here, |
|
| 36:48 | a see that I'm here and um say this many times too for |
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| 36:56 | Um The gravity drives every job. so, um you have to remember |
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| 37:04 | something starts up here, it's, gonna keep trying to erode down into |
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| 37:09 | we call base level, which is , this is the gravity. If |
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| 37:17 | ever goes flat or below the am gonna have a leg can't flow |
|
| 37:28 | . Only thought is. So when falls in builds up, she goes |
|
| 37:34 | , there's, there's a gradient, base of it. This is, |
|
| 37:39 | is the opening day here and I know like I tell you what they |
|
| 37:48 | . Thank you. OK. um so gravity goes down like |
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| 37:53 | So you see, so as as goes, it's deeper, deeper, |
|
| 37:58 | your incision is only gonna be a amount of this, start slow down |
|
| 38:03 | this, this space level with this I haven't drawn this perfectly, but |
|
| 38:07 | is gonna be pretty much a pretty line, you go below it. |
|
| 38:11 | a, you're above it, you're flow like this. You probably |
|
| 38:16 | Then when you get out here, at sea level, it stays, |
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| 38:21 | stays like the. So once you here, there's a combination space in |
|
| 38:28 | . Uh, you go uh, , here you lost. Yeah, |
|
| 38:39 | me see when I was trying to is there's a deficit decision like where |
|
| 38:54 | are, your ear. If you up there, you might be looking |
|
| 39:00 | a little pan down there because we uh braided rings pans. Yeah, |
|
| 39:12 | was a strange hand as you start out, the gradient is not so |
|
| 39:19 | . So it, it'll slide to over here. So that's how you |
|
| 39:36 | , but water overpay deposits and uh that's something you have to know, |
|
| 39:47 | at something that's here down that position it's gonna get me to delta. |
|
| 39:52 | gonna go past going down that get to the side of the valley |
|
| 39:59 | And then they, and that, a really important concept in the |
|
| 40:09 | Where do you think uh, a of people used to spend a lot |
|
| 40:12 | time trying to figure out. I on this diagram where it was when |
|
| 40:16 | were looking to the, trying to out where the shoreline is really important |
|
| 40:26 | people. You're looking at the coastal , you're always trying to figure out |
|
| 40:30 | the shoreline is because usually you're very to the shore lane, you have |
|
| 40:33 | islands. You're in the Tom o'connor . You always want to know she |
|
| 40:37 | to the shore. You were right Tom o'connor. You know, you |
|
| 40:41 | at rocks at the same age. would want to keep looking for it |
|
| 40:44 | they were charged full of wood. that was always an important thing. |
|
| 40:51 | . So onward with, uh, meters, there's a lot of different |
|
| 40:55 | . Um I'm pretty sure when I working on them, they had four |
|
| 41:01 | , they started out with three they would get hung up all the |
|
| 41:04 | . Four pads kept, get too in the uh the thing. They |
|
| 41:09 | it down with the pads, you , it gets to the bottom and |
|
| 41:12 | open them up and they pull it and they, uh basically each pad |
|
| 41:16 | measuring resistivity. Um, auto correlation great when you're in something the size |
|
| 41:23 | A I present to her. This been something very close to it and |
|
| 41:29 | follow, almost goes into it, it will be off you lot of |
|
| 41:36 | when you're doing uh really cool like because of vaults from one and not |
|
| 41:43 | other. And uh I've seen people cycle in the chalks of the north |
|
| 41:51 | that are just full of uh vaults , small that you can't see that |
|
| 42:00 | can't see. So they're doing cycle here, this section here, this |
|
| 42:06 | here, it seems I can It seems I can hear. |
|
| 42:11 | So you, so they're correlating things aren't unique because they have this, |
|
| 42:16 | concept that these curves are exactly identical miles apart, five miles apart, |
|
| 42:23 | and 50 ft of black. try not to think of auto correlation |
|
| 42:28 | cycles could be your based on things are, that are far apart. |
|
| 42:32 | when you're in a, a log that's inches apart, auto correlation works |
|
| 42:38 | . It has to, right. there's a dinosaur bone in there or |
|
| 42:44 | will throw. OK. And then then they got to these things that |
|
| 42:51 | uh 25 channels. Uh they, they started calling them image loss. |
|
| 42:56 | uh now they're the last time I there were over 200 channels and basically |
|
| 43:01 | the tools got a little, little dots on it that are picking up |
|
| 43:07 | . You know, if you, you look at the a picture of |
|
| 43:15 | , if you look down and I , yeah, they'll, they'll have |
|
| 43:19 | a little of the here all the around there. And if you look |
|
| 43:25 | the side, you're like this. you got a whole bunch of channels |
|
| 43:33 | that are very close to each And um this kind of helps you |
|
| 43:38 | be able to get it too because know, it's so far apart, |
|
| 43:42 | can uh a peak in the curve up here on one side and it |
|
| 43:48 | up down here on the other it's so easy to see that as |
|
| 43:52 | , so the, the, the is gonna be like a, almost |
|
| 43:55 | a button. It's gotta be so going in it. It's just uh |
|
| 44:00 | just something you see the signal at point. So you turn this cylindrical |
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| 44:08 | into something that's got a lot of of contact with the rock. And |
|
| 44:14 | and of course, when you have many, you can see, you |
|
| 44:16 | see more than what you would expect terms of just structural geology. You |
|
| 44:22 | actually see, uh, almost the itself and cross betting and everything. |
|
| 44:28 | , here's what, here's what it like with, uh, or |
|
| 44:33 | And of course, when the things you can see they're in, they're |
|
| 44:41 | , they're in the same world but not 10 miles apart. And, |
|
| 44:45 | , you can see the pitch down back to a, here's a, |
|
| 44:50 | you can see there's skip to So this will be the high |
|
| 44:55 | And over here you can see some place because it's awesome. |
|
| 45:06 | Here, here are the famous Ok. And, um, |
|
| 45:13 | uh, they, it's probably it was before COVID when I last |
|
| 45:18 | somebody I'm sure. But, they were still doing this before COVID |
|
| 45:25 | , uh, that explains, what a tadpole is there. |
|
| 45:31 | uh, what do these mean versus do those mean with the dark ones |
|
| 45:37 | without the open. Ok. um, the dark ones that, |
|
| 45:53 | somehow the computer sorts out what is reliable. And, uh, and |
|
| 45:59 | are other ones that they're, they're exactly sure. And, uh, |
|
| 46:03 | because they're doing all sorts of crazy . So, um, if you're |
|
| 46:09 | a shale also, um, if in a shale, the dips, |
|
| 46:14 | dips should be fairly consistent when you into a sandstone. If you have |
|
| 46:18 | bedding, you expect them to look . OK. And so, uh |
|
| 46:23 | this is showing you though is that general, the dip is increasing in |
|
| 46:28 | shale as you go down to. the section is thickening, visibly thickening |
|
| 46:33 | at that point, that's usually not happen in a, in a |
|
| 46:45 | But uh if you have dip and changes that, that actually tells you |
|
| 46:53 | , OK. And then because of from the good tadpoles, of |
|
| 46:59 | we're gonna use the to show you it's gonna be, get it |
|
| 47:04 | it looks like this. It's a green pattern. It's called the uniform |
|
| 47:09 | pattern. I might ask you, does a green pattern mean? On |
|
| 47:12 | test question? I might ask you uh an upper decreasing could mean |
|
| 47:20 | or an upward increasing could mean. so, and if I do, |
|
| 47:26 | it's gonna be based on uh sort ideal responses because it's not always |
|
| 47:34 | Uh But this will explain it to , uh this, of course, |
|
| 47:38 | know, this is structural dip, kind of dip with this one that's |
|
| 48:02 | that's showing you that localized, changes a bit. OK. Cross |
|
| 48:11 | . That kind frost betting is easy . So when normally when you run |
|
| 48:15 | a sandstone, you gonna see something this, when you run in the |
|
| 48:19 | , you see something like this, these kinds of patterns could mean something |
|
| 48:27 | . And uh this, these are things just kind of showing you, |
|
| 48:35 | you know, dips are regionally extensive shales. And uh and this is |
|
| 48:40 | showing you a consistent dip. Uh , there's no internal changes in the |
|
| 48:46 | . This is showing you uh something upward uh decreasing. And uh when |
|
| 48:56 | still that you can see that it um of the beds upward is something |
|
| 49:01 | could happen over the dr um down the thickening uh in this, in |
|
| 49:08 | sense. In other words, it's and growing like that. And uh |
|
| 49:16 | the growth, the growth is also even more down here. And normally |
|
| 49:21 | would be something that happened at that of time, but less at that |
|
| 49:26 | of time and less at that period time. So in some ways, |
|
| 49:29 | wouldn't actually say what this person said it. But, but you, |
|
| 49:33 | kind of get the idea of what's on here and this is showing you |
|
| 49:38 | or, or if you bought And, uh, and this |
|
| 49:44 | what else did they put on Yeah, you could have a hole |
|
| 49:49 | be dragged. Uh, for sometimes when you get a fall, |
|
| 49:57 | types of dragons. So you have it down the road side, sometimes |
|
| 50:10 | can get drag on a different side this. Um, it tends to |
|
| 50:20 | kind of different, different, smaller close to, close to. And |
|
| 50:28 | , um, you have to think these things. Yeah. And there's |
|
| 50:36 | , uh, in, you it's gone down in here. |
|
| 50:53 | it depends on the, I didn't, uh, Doctor Narc talk |
|
| 51:00 | that. He do dip meters at . No, I, OK. |
|
| 51:08 | , because, uh, but uh, the, those of you |
|
| 51:11 | just had the structural geology course, he talk about, um, different |
|
| 51:16 | of growth? Ok. Yeah, , I'll show you some more |
|
| 51:23 | and it, it may overlap with he did or it may be a |
|
| 51:26 | bit different. But I know, , I had a really good paper |
|
| 51:30 | 10 years ago on Growth Balls in Gulf of Mexico. And I passed |
|
| 51:34 | on to Mike Murphy and he used , he used it all the time |
|
| 51:37 | his class. Which, which uh, it's good to understand that |
|
| 51:41 | things don't always look exactly the same every case. And that, of |
|
| 51:46 | , there's scientific reasons for it. . Here's, here's, uh, |
|
| 51:51 | that kind of help again. And um this is a angular un |
|
| 52:00 | it's a bit tilted, but this the angular and form right here and |
|
| 52:07 | board is right there. So it's things that are going on right |
|
| 52:12 | And uh so, um right here where the break is. And this |
|
| 52:19 | is dipping this way and that one's that way. Uh There are, |
|
| 52:23 | are ways that you can come up that geometry with other features but an |
|
| 52:28 | deformity uh usually rings out and, also when you're doing Geophysics, you |
|
| 52:34 | see them pretty clearly too. but in a well board, you |
|
| 52:38 | actually get the point in the web where that actually happens. Um Sometimes |
|
| 52:44 | seismic might slip a uh a sand a shale and uh and be a |
|
| 52:50 | different point, but it's close, uh showing you a channel in film |
|
| 52:59 | uh and this is something I would to see, see this, but |
|
| 53:04 | would, I would uh wonder if very often seen. Uh But uh |
|
| 53:11 | you can look at the diagram and of figure out where it is and |
|
| 53:14 | would be the little tang. And one thing I didn't explain which part |
|
| 53:21 | the problem is, I always think knows everything because how could I know |
|
| 53:25 | you don't? Um Let's see. It is definitely, did we see |
|
| 53:43 | slide? Oh I was, I , I was looking at that so |
|
| 53:45 | , I didn't look at that board . I can focus, OK? |
|
| 53:53 | thing I need to actually point out you is that here's degrees up |
|
| 53:58 | And so where this is, is number of degrees in the dip and |
|
| 54:02 | angle is telling you the direction of . So what way is that? |
|
| 54:08 | way is that different season? The points at the very good. |
|
| 54:22 | so we're, we're all geologists, ? So we all know north is |
|
| 54:28 | . So this is Nora, this be, well, this is, |
|
| 54:34 | that, and the tails, the point, the tails are like a |
|
| 54:40 | , a little thing like this would north. That would be west. |
|
| 54:47 | get it now. Yeah. I got you. And, |
|
| 54:55 | yeah, see, and I was to forget something important too and those |
|
| 54:59 | , aha make it uh understandable as to confusing. It's really simple, |
|
| 55:05 | you have to know, you have know those little things. Ok. |
|
| 55:15 | we got to, here, here's one showing you um, uh |
|
| 55:21 | fault, drag and, and a coming through. And here's the normal |
|
| 55:24 | . This is, this is a drag, this is reverse drag. |
|
| 55:29 | But actually on this side, on block, this would be normal |
|
| 55:34 | You can have drag that goes the way on, on the uh down |
|
| 55:38 | road block too. I'm hanging all . Always have to look at these |
|
| 55:46 | . But that shows both the red the green pattern at the same |
|
| 55:49 | So we go back to, something that looks like the same, |
|
| 55:53 | , dipping, but it's the same pretty much all the way up until |
|
| 55:57 | get there and it switches around. . And then here is just showing |
|
| 56:05 | what cross betting can do when you this thing called bag of nails. |
|
| 56:09 | it's sometimes called the yellow pattern. uh I think uh if I have |
|
| 56:15 | intense que question, I'll probably just bag of nails because it sounds so |
|
| 56:19 | . So would those be like 10 to come? Yeah, see these |
|
| 56:26 | have the circle, but if it a circle on it, it would |
|
| 56:30 | here. OK. OK. So pointing to it that way and that |
|
| 56:35 | is southwest. This guy is almost north but it's north northeast. This |
|
| 56:43 | southeast. I think I said this is southeast and um whenever you |
|
| 56:50 | to a blackboard so good, get close to it. OK. I |
|
| 57:02 | somebody knows what an a list of is in here. Um So I |
|
| 57:06 | we already talked about it but uh is uh one place uh where dip |
|
| 57:13 | could be extremely useful uh If you to get in here because this list |
|
| 57:18 | , uh you can see that something just falling off the edge of uh |
|
| 57:22 | high in uh some days or uh , mass motion or movement of uh |
|
| 57:30 | and sediment, not just a, just a bed or anything and it |
|
| 57:35 | help you. OK. Here's, what some of these image logs look |
|
| 57:41 | . And of course, it helps get to be a little bit three |
|
| 57:46 | because, you know, it's almost being able to me measure um a |
|
| 58:01 | that's how geophysics say 360 degrees, ? As OK, they come up |
|
| 58:10 | big words, you know, it's an isotropy. Oh, you mean |
|
| 58:18 | and heterogeneous is such an easy, actually was the word in a spelling |
|
| 58:25 | about 15 years ago. Uh if you play um Scrabble, if |
|
| 58:31 | ever play Scrabble, geology, words a lot of things, even, |
|
| 58:36 | something simple like latitude or longitude. , I really, but I played |
|
| 58:41 | English uh teachers and professors uh a of times and they would get so |
|
| 58:46 | when you pull out a technical term I'm going, I can't be in |
|
| 58:51 | Webster attitude is gonna be in So, but we had a dictionary |
|
| 58:56 | prove this. OK. So uh kind of, here's where you just |
|
| 59:03 | four for the four paths and this can show you that, you |
|
| 59:08 | not only do you have something 360 around this thing, this, this |
|
| 59:13 | just looking at one side, but also have things vertical which really add |
|
| 59:18 | lot to uh to what you're gonna . So, trying to line these |
|
| 59:22 | up uh is really useful and you , so you're seeing all sorts of |
|
| 59:30 | uh fine grain structures in these things uh with just putting them all |
|
| 59:38 | And of course, uh it allows to micro map product properties, including |
|
| 59:44 | of these things, even biogenic fault recognition and fracture characterization. So |
|
| 59:52 | what one looks like those of you have seen him. What does |
|
| 59:56 | what does that look like? Basically out on a sheet of paper like |
|
| 60:03 | . But in three dimensions, you it around like that like at this |
|
| 60:08 | over here is that point over So you wrap it all the way |
|
| 60:12 | and you end up with the tube that looks just exactly like a fork |
|
| 60:16 | these take some time to do so cost money. But uh it's a |
|
| 60:21 | easier than doing a quarter if the doesn't get hung up. Yeah. |
|
| 60:30 | here's how um how well they can these things. And here you can |
|
| 60:36 | , you know, this is uh at the logs of this part of |
|
| 60:43 | core right here and you can see lot of these features in that |
|
| 60:47 | So it's kind of uh lined up it and uh the red lines are |
|
| 60:53 | uh the green lines are lines are fractures and then um the blue ones |
|
| 61:01 | gonna be open fractures so you can kind of, uh, frost. |
|
| 61:09 | they're pretty cool. Ok. the next thing we're gonna talk about |
|
| 61:16 | sidewalk courses and cos and, those are used for a lot of |
|
| 61:21 | things. And, uh, since probably know what I like to work |
|
| 61:26 | it has this in here, you do a lot of things about the |
|
| 61:30 | , um, some of these, things we can do uh water |
|
| 61:35 | we can do geochemical analysis. Like we have oil in it, we |
|
| 61:39 | look at the oils. If we carros, we can look at the |
|
| 61:42 | , we can look at the we can do anything with uh with |
|
| 61:47 | courses that we want to look at . The cuttings also, uh we |
|
| 61:53 | a little chunk of the rock and they help us out and this is |
|
| 62:03 | so standard core analysis. This uh we uh we hammer a pipe in |
|
| 62:10 | we have a split spin that closes and we pull it up. Uh |
|
| 62:13 | times we have hard rock, we a diamond bit on it and it |
|
| 62:16 | drills and it has a way of the core and we bring the core |
|
| 62:20 | the way up. And uh you , you might do a whole stand |
|
| 62:24 | it. I forget how long some the courses are, but you'll pull |
|
| 62:28 | a whole section, then you go down in the hole. About one |
|
| 62:33 | the things that's, that makes it is that you have to do this |
|
| 62:37 | an open hole. And if you a tool that can get stuck easily |
|
| 62:44 | you're in an open hole, it cause the actual hole to collapse. |
|
| 62:47 | you, you're not really, uh , you know, you're, you're |
|
| 62:52 | running the mud right, then there's behind it, but you're not running |
|
| 62:55 | and then you, uh, you to pull this whole thing up and |
|
| 62:58 | it started and go back down in again and cut core into what you |
|
| 63:02 | drilled yet. So it makes it complicated. You know, it's not |
|
| 63:07 | , uh you know, the pads to, to uh, to slip |
|
| 63:12 | these other tools are designed to slip the mud cake. Um The core |
|
| 63:17 | of goes in there where, where haven't been before. So it really |
|
| 63:21 | of the wells I sat, I to sit it to pick a, |
|
| 63:25 | target because, um, the, they did before that, they only |
|
| 63:30 | to do like a 60 m four to prove where they had gotten bio |
|
| 63:37 | ically to prove that they'd reached the to top of the Ponte. It's |
|
| 63:42 | uh local stage in the Caspian Uh They had to prove that they |
|
| 63:46 | that deep before they could shut down well. And so, um, |
|
| 63:52 | thing, uh, the thing that , uh, uh, we're really |
|
| 63:57 | for, there was, was that , uh, point in space and |
|
| 64:01 | and to prove that they had to an, uh, an $8 million |
|
| 64:06 | . And so I went out of next wells and picked it with, |
|
| 64:09 | , with fossils and, and we have to drill a course, saved |
|
| 64:12 | $8 million. Ok. So um, you can see the side |
|
| 64:17 | were tool and it has these little if you remember the 35 millimeter, |
|
| 64:24 | maybe, maybe your parents had some something that get these little uh things |
|
| 64:28 | are like brown cans, but they , they would have a shotgun, |
|
| 64:32 | something equivalent to a shotgun blast behind it would shoot the thing uh into |
|
| 64:38 | . And then when you pull it , it has to a wire to |
|
| 64:41 | it off, hanging, all the cans are hanging some of them. |
|
| 64:46 | and some of the muddier sections that drilled in. Uh You would get |
|
| 64:51 | lot of capture sometimes when you're gone unconsolidated sands because the sands aren't |
|
| 64:57 | Uh You might lose the material. you might drop down a 36 shot |
|
| 65:02 | end up with 30 cores or even sometimes. Uh But a key to |
|
| 65:06 | is that you would get information from . So you get a, actually |
|
| 65:10 | a chunk of rock and as you're the tool, you know exactly what |
|
| 65:14 | , each one of those is at a certain point in time. |
|
| 65:18 | measure it, you drop it down little bit more and you shoot, |
|
| 65:20 | , actually you would drop the whole down and you shoot them on the |
|
| 65:22 | up. And so as a what do you think would be the |
|
| 65:32 | best thing to do? Which out all of these do you think would |
|
| 65:41 | the most useful? Ok. I , our crops are gonna be the |
|
| 65:52 | but our crops are gonna be looking certain sections that we might see in |
|
| 65:56 | deep basin that would give us insight that. The core uh are gonna |
|
| 66:03 | the best, the conventional course, absolute best because, you know, |
|
| 66:07 | got enough of a section to see . But the good thing about a |
|
| 66:12 | course is like, you know, the wall and just pull out a |
|
| 66:15 | at, at a certain point, know, exactly where it is. |
|
| 66:18 | problem with cuttings is cuttings have to with, uh they're, they're |
|
| 66:23 | they uh they are pieces that fall the side of the uh 12 forest |
|
| 66:28 | drilled and then the mud that's flowing the system, pulls it back up |
|
| 66:32 | comes over a shale shape. And here's just showing you the different orientations |
|
| 66:37 | can do for core plugs to uh figure out what the porosity and permeability |
|
| 66:43 | in different directions. And that sort thing. And that's kind of the |
|
| 66:46 | thing for doing that. A lot these uh uh core plugs, |
|
| 66:51 | that you get out of full core gonna be done in, in a |
|
| 66:55 | that's got a residue. Now, the past, I don't know if |
|
| 66:58 | still do it in the past Norway that every time you found a new |
|
| 67:03 | that you court it so that you prove exactly what that sandstone or uh |
|
| 67:08 | chalk was like. OK. And here's a, another thing uh where |
|
| 67:18 | can uh come up with these uh types of motifs uh that you |
|
| 67:25 | So this is another uh another tool we use that I said we were |
|
| 67:28 | uh mention again and uh it's showing some of the shapes. I'm not |
|
| 67:32 | go over these again. And then I don't know if this is out |
|
| 67:36 | place or what, but, oh , because I talk about faces. |
|
| 67:40 | uh and uh this is uh out a PG uh study a masters uh |
|
| 67:48 | and you can see that they are these things in the, the motif |
|
| 67:52 | not exactly the same for each part the sandbar. They kind of have |
|
| 67:56 | idea of where the sandbar is based some of them. And maybe they |
|
| 68:00 | some sidewalk course in approximately where the should have been. This would be |
|
| 68:05 | title channel and here's a secondary barrier . So the um the ocean would |
|
| 68:12 | out here. Uh And you've got little faces here, but this is |
|
| 68:17 | secondary barrier behind it. So you'd a channel in here uh behind |
|
| 68:23 | So there was a hurricane been stripping through here. Here is a uh |
|
| 68:30 | here and moving out here is gonna delta and you have something in |
|
| 68:37 | but they haven't identified it in Ok. So when you have |
|
| 68:44 | you know, you, you don't have to have a log and log |
|
| 68:47 | teeth. Um Now, I don't why I put this in here. |
|
| 68:51 | The reason to have cores sometimes is that you can, you can uh |
|
| 68:56 | some real rock, for example, I had a co uh here and |
|
| 69:02 | one there, uh you'd be able see in a vertical section, uh |
|
| 69:07 | happening to these faces and you'd be to tie it directly to uh to |
|
| 69:12 | log and exactly where it was uh in the core. And that would |
|
| 69:18 | you a handle on uh how to these. You know, you could |
|
| 69:24 | these usually have a couple of spikes it with this barrier, especially on |
|
| 69:29 | edge of it. You know, at least have a lot more than |
|
| 69:34 | have in the primary or they call the first barrier, but that would |
|
| 69:38 | the primary barrier. OK? Um Here again, is, is the |
|
| 69:47 | of thing that you can do when um this is showing you where the |
|
| 69:51 | sections are in the log and how you can get with uh some of |
|
| 69:58 | faces when you actually have a to at. Uh you can also get |
|
| 70:03 | little bit of this from the sidewalk , but a continuous floor is a |
|
| 70:06 | lot better, but these are more , harder to get. And one |
|
| 70:10 | the things that I did like, uh to this, uh sometimes you |
|
| 70:15 | have uh say a 30 ft or 10 m uh stand up, uh |
|
| 70:20 | two. Yeah, normally would never get that big. But uh |
|
| 70:24 | , you get a certain amount of and you get half of it back |
|
| 70:29 | if you get half of it back at the top, the bottom part |
|
| 70:33 | the top part of the bottom, just the, and that was really |
|
| 70:37 | complicated. Uh When I was doing dissertation in South Carolina, we used |
|
| 70:42 | lot of blocks from uh water but we also, uh we had |
|
| 70:47 | a rods, so we had seven longer ones and, uh it wasn't |
|
| 70:53 | consolidated but it wasn't, it was , you know, some stuff here |
|
| 71:00 | we just got 5 ft, five . Uh If everything stuck together, |
|
| 71:06 | , we throw down 5 ft, it up and down another 5 ft |
|
| 71:12 | pull it up and position was just when we pulled it up one |
|
| 71:22 | So, uh, it worked a bit better than this. But if |
|
| 71:26 | , if we drilled in 5 for example, we would pull up |
|
| 71:30 | ft, we would have the top the bottom. We would have, |
|
| 71:34 | know, exactly where. And, , we were able to find the |
|
| 71:39 | Terry boundary in South Carolina. There's map 20 miles off, uh for |
|
| 71:45 | over 100 years and uh and get sorted out using those. A So |
|
| 71:54 | a lot of different tools and this from the Clubhouse Crossroads Core Hole, |
|
| 71:59 | was in a big study to figure why there was a big earthquake in |
|
| 72:03 | uh many, many years ago. uh and again, if you see |
|
| 72:07 | whole core, there can be some of the gaps might be |
|
| 72:12 | someone might be not, not Uh But uh here we have something |
|
| 72:17 | looks like one of the sedimentary structures talk about. What does that look |
|
| 72:24 | since you're looking at? Yeah. yeah, that right. So there's |
|
| 72:34 | , there's a little bit of wave . Uh I was the answers on |
|
| 72:41 | . So, uh what kind of deposition of environment? What if I |
|
| 72:54 | you uh looking at the bio, knew it was probably in about 50 |
|
| 72:59 | or 50 m of. So, . Um Yeah, these particular and |
|
| 73:23 | and laser beds that are in Uh One of the things that I |
|
| 73:28 | um, pointed out that they could that they uh could be uh part |
|
| 73:34 | the levy deposit. Ok. The deposit would be in 50 m of |
|
| 73:44 | . You can also get things like as part of the terminate sequence. |
|
| 73:49 | think 50 people would be um uh m. What do you think it |
|
| 74:00 | have been probably 50 or over the ? It's uh these are uh storm |
|
| 74:12 | offshore. And um if you looked the stable isotopes, you might be |
|
| 74:19 | to tell if it was a hurricane , but don't tell anybody who said |
|
| 74:26 | . Ok. That's not this So anyway, um here's uh one |
|
| 74:33 | the reasons why um our crops are . This is uh as it says |
|
| 74:39 | in here, it's basin oh, of these ledges here. Uh One |
|
| 74:47 | them might be the mahogany list, some of these ledges that you see |
|
| 74:51 | here are uh organic rich layers. The mahogany lead gets over 25% toc |
|
| 75:00 | lipid ridge uh cars which is they're just oil shales, but |
|
| 75:05 | they're very deeply. And of you can see this is uplifted, |
|
| 75:08 | is an uplifted block that it's very enough, you know, 4000 |
|
| 75:12 | So it's been there for a You could have some of these carriages |
|
| 75:16 | in the fact that they did and can produce some oil in some parts |
|
| 75:20 | the space. One of the neat about having outcrops is sometimes it's an |
|
| 75:25 | representation of the bit of the material in the face. Have you ever |
|
| 75:30 | uh pictures of Laros in Greenland on eastern side? 1000 books in their |
|
| 75:41 | generally made out of rocks and there's in their flag to the North Sea |
|
| 75:47 | in the South, the North Viking , you can actually see that there |
|
| 75:51 | also one up in the Bar Sea off uh small uh small uh one |
|
| 76:00 | the islands of the uh you can see things like this where you can |
|
| 76:05 | see the source rock. And it you an idea and a picture of |
|
| 76:10 | you might be able to find in basin if you're doing. So our |
|
| 76:16 | can be very useful to uh petroleum as well. A lot of places |
|
| 76:20 | work, uh we had a crew in um uh Guatemala and uh and |
|
| 76:29 | of the problems they had there was had this really nice uh lake |
|
| 76:33 | but they couldn't figure out where uh sand would come from. And uh |
|
| 76:38 | , they moved into the hills to if there were sands that were uh |
|
| 76:43 | enough in producing the rivers producing uh that could have been um eroded and |
|
| 76:50 | down in the basin back in uh , I think it was a, |
|
| 76:54 | , a liga play at that Ok. Uh another thing that you |
|
| 77:01 | get from cuttings and core are uh photography and of course, the photography |
|
| 77:07 | uh help you uh figure out Uh If I have something that's very |
|
| 77:16 | away, for example, uh what of minerals am I gonna see in |
|
| 77:21 | rocket? That's uh part of a way away from the original. Excuse |
|
| 77:33 | ? OK. What if the sparrow just told me? So if it's |
|
| 77:38 | , we're gonna have those support. , so, uh when we, |
|
| 77:42 | we get kind of, we can things like this out, uh in |
|
| 77:47 | to figuring out whether it's a mature um an immature plastic deposit, um |
|
| 77:54 | know, that also tells us a about the potential reservoir that we could |
|
| 77:58 | this golf fars. We're gonna have of them in depth are gonna break |
|
| 78:04 | and uh and produce a lot of , you know, which can fill |
|
| 78:08 | the interstitial spaces. And of uh that can help us with the |
|
| 78:14 | environment, uh also reservoirs, events grain cuttings and that kind of |
|
| 78:20 | That's kind of the same part of . And uh uh here's something from |
|
| 78:25 | sidewalk or that's uh it's showing you some of that and here we have |
|
| 78:34 | fluoride coating, uh taking the blue it for space and, and, |
|
| 78:39 | know, you can actually see what's be going on in the reservoir if |
|
| 78:42 | get a chunk of it. Uh I said in Norway, I don't |
|
| 78:46 | if they still do it, but ago they used to court every single |
|
| 78:49 | so that they could characterize uh the and, and uh and all the |
|
| 78:54 | that could impact uh either enhance it or uh detract from the porosity and |
|
| 79:00 | permeability. And here's uh what chloride can really do um if they go |
|
| 79:07 | and uh that's, that's what these are. Uh one thing that's interesting |
|
| 79:12 | this, this looks a little bit a framework of, of trucks that |
|
| 79:16 | productive uh in uh in an RC uh they have these cole plates and |
|
| 79:24 | they actually have this framework that you a lot of porosity. The permeability |
|
| 79:28 | a little bit smaller because it's really particles. And then those nanos, |
|
| 79:33 | seems to be uh 10 to 10 2.5 microns more or less. And |
|
| 79:39 | so you're gonna have smaller force space , but you can have up to |
|
| 79:43 | velocity in some of those. And a another uh one uh where uh |
|
| 79:53 | you start looking at UN conventions. You wanna be looking at this composition |
|
| 80:01 | other reasons and one is uh maybe brittleness and, and I'll let you |
|
| 80:06 | spend some time at home looking at the diagram. But uh the |
|
| 80:11 | of this is to understand that the is, but this can help us |
|
| 80:20 | find you to figure out where the , the good the better are. |
|
| 80:24 | of course, it, we see kinds of things. Uh we know |
|
| 80:29 | gonna increase the brutal of the the, the rock is brutal. |
|
| 80:32 | There's a better chance of um and know, we have some geophysics and |
|
| 80:39 | shows a spectrum of the structure K be here next week talking about that |
|
| 80:46 | . And uh and it uh now can see uh curvature, I'm looking |
|
| 80:53 | uh amplitude attributes and this uh this something that's very useful when you're doing |
|
| 81:00 | conventions. Then when you see this of stuff you shy away from. |
|
| 81:06 | if you're um looking at, say Eagle Ford, there's places where the |
|
| 81:10 | nos go up and uh and uh Ford goes up and you might wanna |
|
| 81:16 | stay away from some of those And uh here is where you, |
|
| 81:20 | might want to look for something to more and there's a lot of different |
|
| 81:27 | of what I just said too. , I can't go through all of |
|
| 81:30 | and we won't get and uh but take a look at this. So |
|
| 81:34 | kind of see what people have Um uh this paper is, is |
|
| 81:39 | good for anybody that's working in unconventional the way. And uh it was |
|
| 81:45 | before COVID science stopped during COVID, think. But uh after that, |
|
| 81:49 | now have some more stuff. Um, then of course, the |
|
| 81:55 | thing that we get from these things geochemistry and, uh, I think |
|
| 82:00 | getting kind of tired, aren't I'm just going on and on and |
|
| 82:04 | and you look tired. I'm gonna right here and take a break. |
|
| 82:10 | realized it's how, when did we our last break? About, is |
|
| 82:14 | 2 30? I think it's closer two? Ok. So we'll take |
|
| 82:22 | break right now. But you wanna it like a 15 minute one. |
|
| 82:26 | I can go across to my office take a bite of my sandwich. |
|
| 82:32 | , it just wait a minute chit while all this is on. |
|
| 82:43 | geochemistry uh can be done with a course and they can do a lot |
|
| 82:49 | things including get the POC or uh to be calculated on most quantity. |
|
| 82:56 | they can look at the cars in and figure out the quality, the |
|
| 83:02 | and quality are really important and you um with everybody here except for you |
|
| 83:10 | had um chemistry. Uh other things can get a reflect uh if we |
|
| 83:19 | get the spores and con and stuff on. Um So what age rocks |
|
| 83:24 | have the, so what age rocks I use to count it up? |
|
| 83:37 | know, some, sometimes we can't a hold of this or I reflect |
|
| 83:41 | . So, um and this is of an aside like all of my |
|
| 83:46 | . But the people that do this with the people that do this. |
|
| 83:51 | . Mhm. But nevertheless, these , uh, I know pretty much |
|
| 83:59 | , uh, most of the upper are with the music but they go |
|
| 84:03 | , um, from a gray color a dark flat. They, |
|
| 84:07 | you can see this and they get the gas window beyond the gas |
|
| 84:13 | So, where do you think that be a good place to this could |
|
| 84:22 | really important? And his, what are, what are people doing |
|
| 84:30 | in West Texas right now? What's area, what's the area per, |
|
| 84:44 | in the period of? Ok. that's, that's how Zoe got uh |
|
| 84:50 | out. There's several different plays and , but it's very useful out there |
|
| 84:55 | people that do that. The reason tell you sometimes when you get, |
|
| 84:59 | , getting put in charge of a its application for expense and uh |
|
| 85:04 | it's kind of an industry wide you know, we, we do |
|
| 85:07 | fes when you do that, sometimes asked to, uh, consider what |
|
| 85:11 | of analysis you might want and you , the more you know about |
|
| 85:14 | the more likely you'll ask about the engineer sitting next to you won't |
|
| 85:20 | . And uh it's very useful uh, to know our trade, |
|
| 85:24 | though it's a broad trade, it a lot of different aspects to |
|
| 85:28 | Another thing you can do is you fingerprint the uh the oils, it |
|
| 85:35 | like that. What did I do ? That's OK. Sometimes we can |
|
| 85:49 | this and again, you guys had already with the chromatography and of |
|
| 85:55 | uh these numbers uh I think, you how many you guys just |
|
| 86:03 | how many, where does that Beautiful. It's the carbon number. |
|
| 86:12 | how, what does that mean that to do with the number of carbon |
|
| 86:21 | in the model? And the more have, what does that mean? |
|
| 86:33 | means they're, they're, they're heavier heavier compounds and of course, |
|
| 86:38 | the harder it is. Yes. so it's taken longer and longer as |
|
| 86:42 | go. Oh, this is timeline uh these are the things that are |
|
| 86:45 | out that time line you can see is not a left, left |
|
| 86:50 | Uh but there's a whole bunch left here as, as they're picking through |
|
| 86:54 | . And uh they kind of uh let you know how much of something |
|
| 87:00 | is and that can help you fingerprint one compound or one oil type from |
|
| 87:06 | . And that's what Dr Basada And um I hope uh your geochemistry |
|
| 87:11 | who is new this time, did do a good job telling you guys |
|
| 87:14 | this was how you did guess Crot ? He didn't talk about it. |
|
| 87:27 | . Mhm. Yeah. He, um OK. Thank you for telling |
|
| 87:35 | that because I, I think so . I heard a lot of good |
|
| 87:37 | about. OK. OK. Um here are the progressive stages of |
|
| 87:48 | Uh And we're, we're talking about tools that we have but, you |
|
| 87:52 | , being able to know some of stuff uh as, as these things |
|
| 87:56 | , this is a shallow berry. want it uh read it out to |
|
| 88:01 | . But uh diogenes of course, first at lower temperatures and less |
|
| 88:07 | And here we get the Cato cato start getting uh liquid uh hydrocarbons uh |
|
| 88:14 | out of the Carros. And then genesis is when we start altering those |
|
| 88:21 | as sort of like metamorphism uh or , it gets hotter. And of |
|
| 88:29 | , I'm, I'm hoping that you saw this diagram and uh the uh |
|
| 88:37 | that, that I like about this , remember I told you I've been |
|
| 88:41 | about to CS to organic carbon and percent and uh of the volume and |
|
| 88:51 | that's quantity but quality has to do this. So which one of these |
|
| 88:58 | Carro types are the highest quality use number if you can't say the word |
|
| 89:08 | all. Do you think I Type two is real common. Uh |
|
| 89:14 | one is the best for producing Uh Some people might because some of |
|
| 89:19 | can be um denser compounds, heavier . Uh And they can also be |
|
| 89:28 | as well. Uh But more often not, they can be business. |
|
| 89:33 | sometimes you're hard to produce. But are, these are almost pure, |
|
| 89:38 | are almost pure oil. Ok. are really, yes. Go ahead |
|
| 89:43 | the plane. What do you Where do you find it? |
|
| 89:50 | it's, uh, it's, it's gonna be, uh, all al |
|
| 89:56 | in the places where you find just and not, uh, some of |
|
| 90:00 | other things that you see in here it's says, pollen, eines. |
|
| 90:05 | but, but there's also uh in you're gonna have some algae mix to |
|
| 90:09 | . This will be near shore, or offshore marine type stuff. |
|
| 90:14 | so this will, this will be woody and structured, you know. |
|
| 90:18 | this is what, what we get out of and, uh and this |
|
| 90:22 | , this is gonna be kind of mixture of some of these and some |
|
| 90:26 | these together. So it's gonna be the coast and uh the closer you |
|
| 90:31 | to a delta, uh the closer will be to that and uh the |
|
| 90:36 | away you get out, it'll be just algae, but you also get |
|
| 90:40 | with planes which have cysts and stuff that. So there's a lot of |
|
| 90:45 | and, and those cysts uh when cook, um uh when I worked |
|
| 90:51 | the, some of the Heleno they, you know, you |
|
| 90:56 | they'd see this all the time. be in something that was a, |
|
| 91:00 | see a cyst. And uh you actually see a little coming out of |
|
| 91:06 | because it was actually the being put , well, and, uh, |
|
| 91:17 | was from, uh, it's kind the same thing as these signs. |
|
| 91:21 | , um, but they just give a different date. It, it's |
|
| 91:24 | , it's a cyst and it's, , made of, uh, close |
|
| 91:27 | the same materials pollin and, these things in the, in the |
|
| 91:33 | cyst and, uh, some of other things related to them, uh |
|
| 91:38 | outer shell of it um is resistant all acids known to be in. |
|
| 91:43 | they first discovered it by digesting rock with all the acid, they start |
|
| 91:48 | with the weaker acids work their way to the stronger acids and uh end |
|
| 91:52 | with uh with just these things and turns out they're, they're really |
|
| 91:58 | So anyway, uh this was a good one. This one happens in |
|
| 92:01 | deposits to uh finally answer your This is really predominant in lake |
|
| 92:07 | If it's a sodium bicarbonate, enriched hydro chemistry or geo hydro chemistry that |
|
| 92:12 | was deposited in. Uh otherwise you're gonna see very many of them. |
|
| 92:17 | This will have some of that, that unstructured uh uh material, but |
|
| 92:23 | , it's gonna have also a little of the structured stuff mixed in |
|
| 92:27 | It will start to the structure but the signs and whatnot and the um |
|
| 92:35 | the dino in once they cook out , you know, you believe that |
|
| 92:43 | , but they're not, not like woody stuff. You know, if |
|
| 92:46 | ever looked at a, at a branch or something or a piece |
|
| 92:49 | wood uh in a microscope, you see that it has a lot of |
|
| 92:52 | to it and uh these things are so did eat the elements and around |
|
| 93:02 | , sort of an ever present, present relates technology. That's just |
|
| 93:09 | so it's really easy to convert it a OK. And it's got really |
|
| 93:15 | compounds. So, uh you when you, when you look at |
|
| 93:18 | oils from Venezuela and Canada, uh the ones in Venezuela have kind of |
|
| 93:24 | here somewhere and not quite all the to just plain lakes. But uh |
|
| 93:30 | uh they're really uh good and heavy compounds that can be turned into a |
|
| 93:36 | of different uh petrochemical products. And of course, uh you probably |
|
| 93:41 | this, the oil window and uh is a good thing to know it's |
|
| 93:47 | over the world. Um People have uh Strat graphic sections from all the |
|
| 93:54 | in the world and uh somebody working super bases didn't know this. But |
|
| 94:00 | there are applications out there where you look up almost any base and it'll |
|
| 94:05 | you uh on a Strat graphic a lot of it's from a |
|
| 94:10 | some of it's from well data. they'll tell you, you know, |
|
| 94:13 | at about 8000 ft, you'll find formation. It has uh this type |
|
| 94:19 | uh vinite and uh and its vitrine this is about this level. So |
|
| 94:24 | can kind of look up and figure what things are. It should be |
|
| 94:27 | 220 basis of information just by going the library or getting online now. |
|
| 94:35 | uh and of course, here we're uh as we get to that, |
|
| 94:40 | more and more cooked. It was Dino flays. Uh They would go |
|
| 94:45 | uh translucent to uh beige to yellow brown and they start getting darker and |
|
| 94:52 | to dark brown and then they, they become amorphous when they get down |
|
| 94:56 | , but they pick it up with . So you have to be working |
|
| 94:59 | Paleo. OK. Um Knowing where oil window is though, um You |
|
| 95:09 | to know that um your source rock passed through an interval that has the |
|
| 95:15 | characters of this range of depths. Not those specific ones different in every |
|
| 95:23 | . Uh because the heat flows a bit different. It can go from |
|
| 95:27 | low to very high. And uh know, the heat flow is very |
|
| 95:31 | , the oil window graphically will but a lot of things happen at |
|
| 95:36 | same time and uh you know, gonna dip into that. But uh |
|
| 95:41 | one of the things you're trying to out if, if your source rock |
|
| 95:45 | the area has, has been very . We have, uh, it's |
|
| 95:51 | very deep enough in the oil. know it could have generated oil. |
|
| 95:56 | then when he, when he was geologist and this computer for figure out |
|
| 96:01 | formation deep enough. In other in your basin where your acreage |
|
| 96:09 | is it still no deeper than this is it way down here? Where |
|
| 96:15 | it? And uh if something goes here to here and now it's |
|
| 96:24 | would that mean you missed the oil you say business? You guys think |
|
| 96:37 | guys just, you know, this is really important for us for |
|
| 96:42 | exploration and, and uh excuse just say again, OK, |
|
| 96:48 | if I have a formation, this rich says says one type, either |
|
| 96:54 | and it gets buried deeper, deeper, deeper, deeper, you |
|
| 96:58 | out that now it's all the way to here. You say this is |
|
| 97:03 | same uh thermal profile. Um it the oil window. Do you think |
|
| 97:09 | could be any, any reservoirs in section of 2nd 11? OK. |
|
| 97:18 | what is there just very? So uh say say here's a potential |
|
| 97:28 | and this is a source rock and coming down like this and like this |
|
| 97:31 | like this like this in the of , not formed yet, not |
|
| 97:37 | yet, not formed, yet, formed, yet, not formed |
|
| 97:40 | but now it's formed. Do you we'll get a lot of oil, |
|
| 97:45 | will we get instead of? So if it's down here and it |
|
| 97:50 | down like this, yeah, or if the, uh, trap |
|
| 97:57 | at this point in time, there more in the trap for at this |
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| 98:02 | and this one, but then when drill it might be here. |
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| 98:07 | So that's why having some idea of tiny and secure. So, |
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| 98:19 | does anybody know anything about the, east coast open? How about the |
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| 98:26 | coastal plan? You know anything about , the, the thickness of the |
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| 98:31 | in the gulf coastal plane? But , anywhere up to this, I |
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| 98:37 | they can get a lot of people . Yeah. And uh normally |
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| 98:42 | in the, in the Gulf coastal and a uh offshore, it gets |
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| 98:47 | lot of deep. But normally we in the prospects that are somewhere between |
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| 98:52 | , like maybe even then we can lots of, what do you think |
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| 98:58 | in the East coast? What do think is, is uh never, |
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| 99:10 | did that frontier exploration start in start off? So, onshore, |
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| 99:20 | knew that they'd reached the window. knew they had reservoirs uh that were |
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| 99:26 | with a trap that had formed at time of expulsion. So the timing |
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| 99:34 | expulsion, the formation here, it would have started before it got |
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| 99:38 | but it's been expelling oil all the . It's sick here. So, |
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| 99:42 | have that long window of the trap , not necessarily precisely. OK. |
|
| 99:50 | So on the east coast, nobody here has any idea how thick the |
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| 99:54 | are on these cooks. Let me you this, how I think the |
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| 100:00 | are on the coast of Maine, ? Have you ever seen pictures |
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| 100:16 | of name or the name you've been the state of Maine? Have you |
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| 100:23 | the pictures and post one? Does anybody know why this is |
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| 100:32 | these are the kinds of questions you ? Then you don't know about how |
|
| 100:37 | uh why are the buildings so And they go, there's another, |
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| 100:52 | right about that and there's only 10 have been. But um OK, |
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| 101:00 | I'm, I'm just trying to get guys. Um The New York City |
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| 101:05 | real close to. OK. So , what uh what are the |
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| 101:11 | And the, there's a lot of , uh some of the bigger buildings |
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| 101:26 | built on the market was so they may shrink over millions of |
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| 101:37 | It's not from seven. You there's parts that are not, you |
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| 101:43 | have to deal with. They're more to the gain some sedimentary rocks. |
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| 101:48 | the point I'm trying to make is of at the northern end of the |
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| 101:52 | coast, especially in Maine. There's but metamorphic rocks on the coast. |
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| 101:58 | there's no sedimentary wedge and that sedimentary wedge is something you need to |
|
| 102:03 | what it is. OK. And sedimentary wedge that you're looking for um |
|
| 102:10 | needs to be there in the, the Gulf of Mexico. It can |
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| 102:14 | as thick as 50,000 ft in the places. Um You know, you |
|
| 102:22 | get people, you know, places on some, some seismic and some |
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| 102:28 | and Magnetics. People think it can a lot deeper than that. But |
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| 102:31 | Gulf of Mexico is pretty much one the cheapest. And, uh but |
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| 102:37 | if you're in Maine, this is sedimentary cover is not gonna get any |
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| 102:43 | if you're in, if you're in York City or even Long Island, |
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| 102:48 | sedimentary, uh which is not gonna probably much cheaper. So you can't |
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| 102:52 | anything on that part of these What about when you get down to |
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| 103:02 | ? We're getting close to it you know, there's, um, |
|
| 103:27 | get off this topic soon because, I'm struggling with getting you guys to |
|
| 103:35 | . It's a really terrible guy. Chesapeake Bay is there and there's another |
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| 103:41 | up here. It's gonna be Long there. And, um, |
|
| 103:50 | LA mountains up somewhere in Alabama. uh either you get away from the |
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| 104:03 | in the, of the, the and uh here, you know, |
|
| 104:09 | still looking at 3200. So you're gonna, you're not gonna get, |
|
| 104:15 | there hardly at all. So that's of the reasons why people he sings |
|
| 104:21 | the, for the, they stick a little bit and drill wells from |
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| 104:27 | , they got to uh get close 4000. Uh That's still not |
|
| 104:32 | So you go offshore that cost. we'll talk about that. But |
|
| 104:38 | um, and uh, and, again, um because one of the |
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| 104:47 | exploration areas I'm gonna talk about is east coast. So we're, we're |
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| 104:50 | through that. Ok? And of , uh you guys remember what this |
|
| 105:03 | , this is uh sort of an generation shark and it's um showing that |
|
| 105:09 | given uh 1% to CTO C type . you, you get this kind |
|
| 105:15 | uh profile. This is in, in uh this is in kilometers, |
|
| 105:21 | , makes it a little bit more , but it's pretty much the same |
|
| 105:24 | of thing. And uh and you see here um This is a sweet |
|
| 105:29 | for the heavy hydrocarbons. Remember the that I showed you the other |
|
| 105:32 | 29. Uh This is around 27 . This is 15 plus. So |
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| 105:39 | uh definitely the oil window. Um this was something from uh the |
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| 105:46 | the lake setting that was in sodium and rich waters, you would see |
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| 105:51 | CS up to 26 27 28%. then it would be type one and |
|
| 105:58 | full of uh wood and you wouldn't much of this, this early gas |
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| 106:03 | you wouldn't get very much late gas it started to go through uh meta |
|
| 106:10 | , you got deep enough for I just got chalk dust in my |
|
| 106:21 | . Ok. Um Here, we're , we're looking at uh uh doing |
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| 106:26 | with Bio B and um and this is also gonna relate to anything |
|
| 106:32 | do with cuttings. But uh it's for correlation. It helps us with |
|
| 106:36 | age of the rocks, the environments deposition. Uh We can see things |
|
| 106:41 | water deity. So composition. Um helps us pick faults, it helps |
|
| 106:47 | pick over pressured section. And I you, it also helps us pick |
|
| 106:50 | we are in a set of uh sequence uh where they're very like certain |
|
| 107:01 | . And I was able to pick top of the content and tell the |
|
| 107:05 | that they'd reached their uh the target they were contracted, reached. In |
|
| 107:09 | words, they had to drill a to the top content, but they |
|
| 107:13 | not fulfill their commitment of drilling. uh we'll talk about drilling commitments too |
|
| 107:18 | we get to frontier exploration and well . So um the reason why uh |
|
| 107:26 | uh data is based on talks is as you're drilling this well, everything |
|
| 107:32 | falling down the hole in the the mud pumps it up here, |
|
| 107:38 | all those broken pieces down. And you're trying to do is calculate the |
|
| 107:42 | it takes first returns to get from deck to the shell shaper. |
|
| 107:48 | uh, so you get rocks that , uh, pretty much fresh cut |
|
| 107:53 | with some of the stuff that's caving in it. Uh, but you |
|
| 107:57 | that you, at that, that in time you've only gotten this |
|
| 108:01 | And so you look at the, , the first appearance of the oldest |
|
| 108:11 | . Ok. Oh, this but if I'm drilling down into |
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| 108:31 | well, this is, this this is down to the, |
|
| 108:43 | for the top of where we're gonna certain possible appear, happen to |
|
| 108:54 | And uh of course, there is relationship between time and death, brilliant |
|
| 109:00 | death. So you don't necessarily have stuff that you to the right |
|
| 109:12 | That's when you're gonna first see if get down to that point. I'm |
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| 109:15 | see that and it's gonna come on shape and if there was other bosses |
|
| 109:21 | there falling down and for can actually here on its own because of |
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| 109:38 | We know, we know when we to this point, we see that |
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| 109:44 | , when we get to this we see that when we go down |
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| 109:47 | that point that when we go down this point that anything else we |
|
| 109:54 | uh that's younger, the swim. bye. There's things we can do |
|
| 110:01 | the base. But this is why most of the uh based on the |
|
| 110:10 | we are using fairly accurate because as as these fossils start showing up when |
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| 110:17 | reach that point. You know, reached that age and, uh, |
|
| 110:21 | then you keep rolling down and you find, uh, this age and |
|
| 110:27 | you will definitely find that can't turn upside then because, you know, |
|
| 110:32 | mean, if I was trying to pieces and we work it out, |
|
| 110:36 | really like these better season. uh, but if, if I |
|
| 110:46 | this and is the base because, know, in the top and that's |
|
| 110:56 | way, you know, the top works. A lot of people can't |
|
| 110:59 | how this works, but that's how works. And, uh, and |
|
| 111:03 | , and so any of the things come out with these rocks that we |
|
| 111:06 | look at like the geochemistry, the and that sort of thing, permeability |
|
| 111:12 | us understand what age it was when uh it's coming over the |
|
| 111:19 | OK. And this is just an old, uh, I think |
|
| 111:22 | is from 1993. Yeah. And some consultants still use this chart and |
|
| 111:26 | one that's got a lot more stuff it and I won't go into any |
|
| 111:31 | uh detail, but these are all . And so when, when you |
|
| 111:35 | first see it, you know, gone deep enough and this is in |
|
| 111:41 | time, not depth. But as you go uh farther and farther |
|
| 111:45 | in time, you get deeper and because of the law superposition. It's |
|
| 111:49 | simple. Uh But these things are tied to uh maximum flooding surfaces in |
|
| 111:55 | rock record. Uh They help us both the sequence and yeah, a |
|
| 112:03 | super. And uh these are some the uh nano fossils which are used |
|
| 112:11 | they're uh they evolve very quickly. we have a lot of resolution in |
|
| 112:17 | uh right now through this interval, have resolutions uh of less than 10,000 |
|
| 112:26 | with some of these times. And this was way before that, but |
|
| 112:30 | , just before COVID a new I put out from BP that's uh |
|
| 112:35 | some of the people that work for uh at a and it's, it's |
|
| 112:38 | really fantastic chart. And uh and , so these are good for age |
|
| 112:45 | fors before we did nano fossils were good for age. So we've got |
|
| 112:49 | tops that come in to help support . And then uh these are bent |
|
| 112:54 | and uh some of them are useful ages, which is what this is |
|
| 112:59 | about. But the combination of these and what the percentage of these planting |
|
| 113:07 | are and these are plan too, tell us what the water depth is |
|
| 113:12 | sometimes uh more details about and that comes out of the cuttings. We |
|
| 113:18 | also get it out of cores and along with again. And I'm talking |
|
| 113:24 | all the data that I showed you on this is, uh, what |
|
| 113:28 | shale shaker looks like. Uh, was on, uh, on the |
|
| 113:34 | s rave out in the Caspian Sea , uh, this was active at |
|
| 113:41 | time. Uh, so you uh, it's coming over the, |
|
| 113:45 | mud slurry is coming over and falling this and it's shaking it and the |
|
| 113:49 | is going into, back to the tank. So they don't have to |
|
| 113:52 | the mud and it goes through these to clean it out uh with hydro |
|
| 113:57 | and they um uh they go down the 63 micro, the line between |
|
| 114:02 | . So most of the uh s O are pretty good. So what |
|
| 114:07 | Oscar bets but I was looking for are being preserved um and captured and |
|
| 114:14 | we, we process it for there a uh interactively and then of |
|
| 114:20 | on the rig, they had six those in in case they needed quick |
|
| 114:25 | like less than a meter. And and also for redundancy, you might |
|
| 114:29 | run more than two or three at time, but you definitely uh would |
|
| 114:33 | a lot, a bank of them case one broke because it would shut |
|
| 114:36 | the whole uh the whole rig And um this is just kind of |
|
| 114:41 | little uh I travel a lot. So at this picture I took um |
|
| 114:50 | from, from my own helicopter that they had me on. And |
|
| 114:55 | because uh, they need to be there in hurry. But, |
|
| 114:57 | we're flying over, uh, these are, this is, there's |
|
| 115:01 | thing called the Achon Ridge that goes the Caspian Sea. You go that |
|
| 115:05 | , it gets to 1200 m You go this way, it's 50 |
|
| 115:09 | deep. But right here it's uh shallow. It's a bridge, a |
|
| 115:13 | bridge that goes across, uh, uh plunge into the depth and, |
|
| 115:18 | , I don't know if you can it. You see how there's barracks |
|
| 115:21 | . Every one of those, every they drilled a well, they put |
|
| 115:24 | a new, they didn't have the of uh technology that we have |
|
| 115:28 | So we had to build, I know why they could use. |
|
| 115:33 | uh, you know, it's, , get one of those, those |
|
| 115:39 | Russian guys to pick it up and, uh, anyway, uh |
|
| 115:43 | free and anyway, they, uh was releasing. So each, each |
|
| 115:49 | head would have a pipeline coming from and you can't see it in this |
|
| 115:53 | , but the Caspian Sea is absolutely when you get quite a few miles |
|
| 115:59 | . And, uh, this, , these special honors from, from |
|
| 116:05 | Baltic Sea that are there and it just no seals. They have seals |
|
| 116:09 | are Baltic Sea because there was a seaway that came through. But |
|
| 116:16 | , um, you can see pollution from those pipelines that go from |
|
| 116:21 | to the, every one of them , which is really sad. And |
|
| 116:26 | of, one of the things that got from this was the technology is |
|
| 116:29 | old. Oh, the oil industry been nasty and done nasty things and |
|
| 116:36 | ought to be corrected and, and is a lot like some of the |
|
| 116:39 | that we have, um, in , close to shore and up in |
|
| 116:44 | , in the swamps, uh, very similar to some of these |
|
| 116:47 | A lot of them being taken but they're still leaking well heads, |
|
| 116:51 | is a real shit. You it costs a lot of money to |
|
| 116:54 | rid of the. Anyway. Uh Once you get away from this, |
|
| 117:01 | it's a wide, wide open and nice uh blue blue lake with of |
|
| 117:06 | 13%. It's, it's sodium chloride rich. So it's not the best |
|
| 117:11 | for lake sediments uh creating a, a source rock, but it's |
|
| 117:19 | But it is a, it is good place to drill for sands that |
|
| 117:22 | from a Cambridge clay source. And one other thing I'll say is, |
|
| 117:28 | I don't know if you saw It was probably a pretty old James |
|
| 117:31 | movie, but uh they had a Bond movie where they had a battle |
|
| 117:34 | here on 11 of these platforms just just for a tourist thing. And |
|
| 117:42 | this is uh showing you uh the of some of the uh benefit forums |
|
| 117:46 | are used uh to figure out what water depth is offshore. And of |
|
| 117:52 | , if I, if I say is lower bath, I'm gonna be |
|
| 117:56 | for uh carbonite and the submarine fan . And uh so I would know |
|
| 118:06 | away any of those uh sedimentary structures could occur here here and here |
|
| 118:14 | all of a sudden become clear when know what the. So I know |
|
| 118:18 | it might be something that's way up in non. Uh and I see |
|
| 118:23 | same sedimentary structure, I know that might be a levee deposit. Uh |
|
| 118:27 | might be uh something related to a . It's a delta and it's this |
|
| 118:33 | . If it gets out here, may be related to storm deposits. |
|
| 118:38 | wait oh uh wavy and ser and . If they're out here, it's |
|
| 118:44 | of a and that's why it's critically to have some of this data with |
|
| 118:49 | high resolution by a tier. I to even though that this isn't that |
|
| 118:55 | , I do like to show This is, this is from uh |
|
| 118:58 | million years and 6.5 million years. are wells that are continuous, continuously |
|
| 119:07 | , but these gaps that you see gaps in time and the reason they |
|
| 119:12 | line up very well. In other , it's not a regional one for |
|
| 119:16 | , these are coming from many basins uh this one was filling up once |
|
| 119:23 | filled up, it probably spilled over into this one and one down, |
|
| 119:28 | it filled up later, maybe into . And, uh, and that's |
|
| 119:33 | , um, how they work. other words, on many basis. |
|
| 119:39 | just assuming that a lot of you what I'm getting you based, we'll |
|
| 119:44 | about it more and you get on show, it kind of relates to |
|
| 119:54 | . You know, you only have many bands down here. Uh Up |
|
| 119:59 | , we're gonna have shelf deposits almost uh on the shelf down to the |
|
| 120:07 | we have, in other words, we have a sedimentary record up |
|
| 120:11 | We have sedimentary record up here. have lots of bypass here. The |
|
| 120:15 | of Mexico is very expensive. This , you know, places where to |
|
| 120:23 | like this in many places. So what I was telling you is |
|
| 120:35 | something may be getting deposited here. This is uh flows and crafted human |
|
| 120:45 | when it goes on, this is period of time. Once uh this |
|
| 120:50 | up that same sediment, it goes the beer. So what you would |
|
| 120:56 | here is this is one mini basin up and it starts to pour into |
|
| 121:02 | one later. And you, you do that without high resolution biography. |
|
| 121:07 | the uh the problem is, is the type of sediments in the brain |
|
| 121:13 | is almost the same they pull up different times. So you end up |
|
| 121:18 | , you end up with logs, wouldn't happen before. And it took |
|
| 121:28 | long time for um for scientists and the trolling geologists to figure that |
|
| 121:35 | . But again, it relates to now it, for example, if |
|
| 121:41 | traps, somebody is formed after it's important way ahead of it, depending |
|
| 122:00 | compassion traps disappear. And uh then might have the, so the timing |
|
| 122:07 | migration and the uh the timing of trap you could capture, uh that |
|
| 122:13 | and gas would be really important. with that, I'm gonna quit. |
|
| 122:19 | uh it's good to hear NASTA is it, does it feel like |
|
| 122:25 | getting colder or? No? I like I'm getting win. Yeah, |
|
| 122:33 | gonna, we're gonna stop a little early because I think it's affecting this |
|
| 122:36 | too. Did you hear whether it's off or not? Um Now, |
|
| 122:43 | what I'm asking. Do you know they fixed it yet? Could |
|
| 122:49 | Um What I'm just, I just some humid stuff come and hit me |
|
| 123:02 | uh this is what this is what think we should do since we don't |
|
| 123:06 | , instead of driving here and find it's really muggy and swampy like uh |
|
| 123:10 | have to go home. Why don't uh just do online tomorrow and also |
|
| 123:16 | that to Fred if he's probably already . Could you, um, do |
|
| 123:21 | have Fred's email? Could you ask first? If he would be willing |
|
| 123:25 | do it because, because here's the , I don't want to see everybody |
|
| 123:30 | right from wherever they are to here then have to go home and waste |
|
| 123:34 | lot of time. I don't like disasters is what I'm saying. |
|
| 123:56 | That's not good. The instructions didn't to them |
|
