| 00:01 | Okay, we are. Okay. , we're looking wave and Tide |
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| 00:11 | Delta's we pretty much done with, river and, uh, wave |
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| 00:23 | We need to look into this river rather. But we need to look |
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| 00:27 | this story. Okay, I'm I'll this if you look at, |
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| 00:35 | the river dominated story that we talked is the bush for the bird foot |
|
| 00:46 | recognize their different. So there's really examples here. The locating the bird |
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| 00:52 | . Ah, and compare it with dominated shore face. Ah, |
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| 00:58 | we've seen this. This is something we're kind of familiar with now. |
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| 01:01 | seen in a lot of settings. what I want to see is to |
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| 01:05 | extent, uh, is this a dominated? Dealt because the way Donna |
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| 01:13 | is basically programming syriza shorelines. Is ? In fact, any different than |
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| 01:18 | is grand play. The vertical sync to be pretty similar, although he |
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| 01:24 | around the different from this. So let's go compare. Now there's a |
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| 01:29 | of types and scales of wave dominated , and I was one. And |
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| 01:37 | a little in here South Francisco and , and you're all over the |
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| 01:42 | Uh, bras offers away dominated Here's a really nice one in |
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| 01:49 | So the first thing that we say that, yeah, we are looking |
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| 01:53 | pro grading samplings. So for a lot of what we are looking |
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| 02:03 | is going to be a regressive cycle wave dominated short face deposits. |
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| 02:11 | take a look here, though. is an abandoned river course. |
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| 02:18 | And this used to be that So now this is gone through an |
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| 02:28 | phase. Well, this is going a construction. All things. It |
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| 02:37 | doesn't look like what we were seeing the Mississippi Delta. So clearly, |
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| 02:41 | of the big distinctions here will be the sediments behave after deposition and how |
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| 02:50 | behave after rumor of ocean advantage. way of dominated Delta. Here's in |
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| 02:59 | . Abandoned, active. Okay. fact, the Rhone was one early |
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| 03:09 | , studied in terms of on a pack of what away dominated. |
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| 03:14 | that would look like I think it's pretty clear that there's two lobes |
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| 03:19 | There's this load and this loan. so we look at it. The |
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| 03:26 | of this you need at least think the shape of this delta compared to |
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| 03:31 | shape of the bush and the burka ? Yeah, it's sick. It |
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| 03:37 | an interesting study Accreditations, Deltas that coming in the upper quotations in South |
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| 03:45 | . And they varied in their shape defined by the ice. A pack |
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| 03:53 | not gonna get into. Ah, of detail here, but basically they |
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| 03:59 | from was almost low bay to very strike you longer. And so these |
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| 04:05 | we're looking at is a variation from wave reworking, toe highway reworking all |
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| 04:14 | the same strata Breath again. uh, why there's a change, |
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| 04:21 | a change in sediment input. The energy could also vary as well. |
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| 04:27 | climatic J. So this is the that came up from that story. |
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| 04:35 | it's got several things that are similar are based on that Other studies here |
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| 04:44 | an older pro grading way dominated delta Strand plane. Here's another one here |
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| 04:52 | now this delta here is in those So this is an abandoned delta, |
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| 05:04 | so probably this was earlier Delta shown . Here's an even earlier one. |
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| 05:14 | here. Remember I told you they different ice Apax. So this might |
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| 05:18 | a dealt of one Delta two. on top of that Delta three. |
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| 05:29 | thing to note, though, is . See how this recurve spit is |
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| 05:32 | down like this and it looks actually did shows Why Let me let |
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| 05:38 | do it on this. Here are of Wayne dominated deltas in Brazil and |
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| 05:44 | map view look more like this. there's an asymmetry here. Yeah, |
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| 06:03 | Delta's The Delta plane on the up side looks like a syriza pro grading |
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| 06:14 | for sure. Pro grading shorelines. Delta plane on the down drift side |
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| 06:22 | different. It's gotta Siris of sand innovated month more like sand spits. |
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| 06:31 | what the Brazilians recognized was that even we called, it's all the |
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| 06:37 | Delta Plane, the source of the , is completely different on the up |
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| 06:44 | side. The sources Longshore drift. , it's like this river was blocking |
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| 06:55 | longshore drift of set on the down side. The source is the river |
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| 07:04 | , so we get to resources and really get to patterns of Veldt, |
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| 07:13 | formation, base imagery. Now this doesn't show that actually covered in |
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| 07:21 | Uh, because they're you get ah, symmetrical waves are getting Ignore |
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| 07:31 | for second hole. Let's go back the Daniel Delta one Delta tune Delta |
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| 07:39 | . For each of those Delta's noticed one side the up drift side is |
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| 07:49 | Strand planes. The down drip side inter bended sand and mud, sand |
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| 08:01 | mud, sand and mud. so what? But surely did was |
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| 08:10 | suggest that when we look at wave Delta's, we need to look at |
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| 08:14 | symmetry and that there are symmetrical deltas s symmetrical deltas and the Danube is |
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| 08:25 | example of an estimate. Toral actually. So it is the Brazos |
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| 08:30 | so are other deltas in Brazil. so the argument is that what we |
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| 08:36 | have is a strand plane on the truth side and a more Hedorah genius |
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| 08:44 | plane on the downdrafts. And so we have that up dressed a creation |
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| 08:52 | the beach ridges and then on this and a flood, we typically get |
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| 08:58 | Siris of Sands deposited here that my he made in the very far and |
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| 09:08 | become attached leaving behind this low area mud and this outer area for saying |
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| 09:16 | . That's how these ridges for each the result of a flood and reworking |
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| 09:25 | the sand becoming elongated and become welded the beach. Well, here it |
|
| 09:32 | just saying to appreciate. Okay, a cell for a C school |
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| 09:38 | You re zine a creation and interviewed creation. Been vetted. Okay, |
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| 09:50 | , this is important because it suggests if we were to look at a |
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| 09:55 | section on one side have a series sands and blood in Sands Sands |
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| 10:02 | Where is it? We looked it the other side. You were big |
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| 10:11 | . And of course, there's channel between. Now, in reality, |
|
| 10:15 | We understand this really well. This less well understood. Bless you. |
|
| 10:23 | , so here's our symmetrical delta rs delta. Okay, you're inflected. |
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| 10:32 | , So here is symmetrical delta that could tell both by the symmetry of |
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| 10:38 | shoreline, but also of how the is spreading that there's no dominant direction |
|
| 10:45 | sediment transport. Where is here? very clearly a direction. Sediment |
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| 10:54 | Okay, man here as well. these pulses here are weighed generated in |
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| 11:02 | , so surges. Okay. So let's look at, um, |
|
| 11:13 | dominated Delta and actually is the one before in Mexico. This is that |
|
| 11:26 | that was eroded away. This is portion that was new. And what |
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| 11:34 | looking at is the asymmetry within the plain. There are Siris of Beach |
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| 11:43 | sets that a pro grading out that five cloners. And right here on |
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| 11:52 | other side, there's a Siris of bar deposits. That's what these are |
|
| 11:59 | on the down drift side. They're more longer. It's separated by |
|
| 12:07 | Okay. So we can look at older delta here. We're gonna ignore |
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| 12:17 | still to hear because it's largely We see that same kind of a |
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| 12:25 | , and we say the asymmetry here the newer Delta. Okay, so |
|
| 12:30 | got dealt one. Okay. Delta , Delta three. Okay. And |
|
| 12:51 | was another earlier delta over here. been trunk. Okay, So what |
|
| 13:00 | can look at here, this Although it's slightly s symmetrical, I'd |
|
| 13:05 | it's probably better thought of at least O Matic as a symmetrical delta. |
|
| 13:13 | , we're getting these hairs. sand rage. Mt. four, |
|
| 13:24 | you can see it in seismic as . This is a wave dominated Delta |
|
| 13:32 | . Okay? And here's all of . Is all shell in Mtwara. |
|
| 13:40 | . So what you can look at terms of the pro gradation sequence, |
|
| 13:49 | what a pro grading mouth borrowed look Here's a channel, Okay? And |
|
| 13:59 | we've got the lobes that are the distal portions. And they are and |
|
| 14:15 | Yeah, this is the green here and here. So there are |
|
| 14:25 | variations in particularly the sandy parts here and here. Ah, that |
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| 14:38 | this wave don't need dealt. I'm gonna go into that much detail. |
|
| 14:43 | say, this is probably the best most recent article for looking at the |
|
| 14:48 | of waiting on me deltas. do you want to go back to |
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| 14:52 | one for a second? Um, , here is the down to the |
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| 15:00 | , and I want you in your eye to compare this abandoned delta with |
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| 15:08 | abandoned delta of the Mississippi. Three the force. Uh, there's two |
|
| 15:17 | . They're quite distinctive. One is no submergence. The other is always |
|
| 15:25 | erosion. Now the erosion face we in the Mississippi Delta, but it |
|
| 15:33 | just reworking from a little barrier. resulted in that becoming an island, |
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| 15:41 | , so really was lacking here, . The way dominated Delta's 10 to |
|
| 15:49 | less thickening. Do this emergence, then, when abandoned, you have |
|
| 15:56 | sick thickening as well. And the is real simple. There's no think |
|
| 16:02 | Delta clay. The Mississippi is pro over a really thick pod of |
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| 16:10 | And that's for two reasons. Is pro grading into deeper water so that |
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| 16:16 | muds are thicker and there's more money ? They're more mud supply. The |
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| 16:22 | dominated deltas are not particularly pro grading shell water, although it's not real |
|
| 16:28 | . But the waves are removing all mud. They're almost all so less |
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| 16:37 | less subside once. And so when deltas are abandoned, you do get |
|
| 16:43 | little bit of subsidence in here. is kind of going into Marsh a |
|
| 16:49 | bit over here, but it's nothing we see in the Mississippi. So |
|
| 16:56 | dominated. Delta's differs in there abandoned face especially. So here's our programming |
|
| 17:03 | dominated Delta. Okay, uh, is that sequence shown by A's were |
|
| 17:13 | some of the variability. Basically, is our wave dominated delta. Here |
|
| 17:20 | our transgression. Okay? We don't any sediments preserved from the, um |
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| 17:33 | the abandonment face. Okay, I'll just leave this for you to |
|
| 17:38 | at. Ah, at a later . Okay? Can't escape that |
|
| 17:45 | This is from Bonnie Wise, and we're seeing is progressive erosion, but |
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| 17:56 | no evidence of subside since. now, if we look at each |
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| 18:03 | those progressive cycles one of things that that each of these pulses is, |
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| 18:16 | coursing up for finding a borough upward they'll take sequence. But each of |
|
| 18:28 | para cycles consists of a series of forwards that very in their environment of |
|
| 18:36 | , and that these con forms are internally as well. Okay. So |
|
| 18:47 | as we looked at Strand planes pro , we can look at deltas |
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| 18:59 | Now. The big difference in these is the river sediments as preserved in |
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| 19:09 | delta plane. A little bit of in the mouth, large settlements on |
|
| 19:14 | side. That's what these are. on a few occasions were going to |
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| 19:25 | some evidence of mud. Okay, if you don't see evidence of the |
|
| 19:34 | either by offshore mud's four river she's not gonna be even tell it |
|
| 19:42 | a pro grading shortness, in there often associated with one another because |
|
| 19:51 | the proximity of a large amount of . You don't get these long Freud |
|
| 20:00 | sequences if you don't have a lot settlement coming in. Okay. |
|
| 20:05 | if this is the type of down settlement package you get in wave dominated |
|
| 20:12 | , what do you get when you a money dealt? You gotta show |
|
| 20:15 | play. And if you look at downdraft side of the Mississippi Delta, |
|
| 20:23 | get a series of these sandy ridges are auctioneers and innovated mudflats. |
|
| 20:31 | And there quite interesting. Uh, we're not going to go into a |
|
| 20:41 | except to say that the cross section is time equivalent to the cross section |
|
| 20:47 | the missile Mississippi. And what we're at our Siris of my sand mud |
|
| 21:02 | . Okay. And so what that , is periods of mud pro gradation |
|
| 21:08 | drill reworked to Sandy Ridge. this is not very around because there's |
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| 21:16 | enough subsidence going on. And then Sandy Ridge ends up being isolated again |
|
| 21:22 | reworking her a sedimentation. Okay, nation ears are typical down dripped of |
|
| 21:33 | deltas, particularly if those deltas have lot of mud. On the other |
|
| 21:39 | , Strand plane will be typical of side. Yeah, they're not a |
|
| 21:44 | of my interest in the sand. ? No, What we're gonna have |
|
| 21:52 | here. Okay, Well, we about it a little bit. We've |
|
| 21:59 | these estuaries that become deltas. We're have a lot of the Delta plane |
|
| 22:09 | essence. Gonna be Manny mudflats and distributor, Eri Channel. He's gonna |
|
| 22:14 | filled with these elongate history deposits. is an example of one of the |
|
| 22:24 | a typical tide dominated Elton's. so what we don't going from the |
|
| 22:33 | to the Delta is we have basically the impact of ties, increase the |
|
| 22:41 | of rivers to the point where rivers beginning to pro grade out and rework |
|
| 22:51 | title sandbars. Okay, uh, a variety of types of tide |
|
| 22:58 | Delta's morphological e, the gone 11 of things that all had in |
|
| 23:04 | is kind of a funnel shaped J mouth elongate, parallel ridges. |
|
| 23:13 | on the more abandoned parts and the , uh, cattle, uh, |
|
| 23:21 | . We get a series of these highly meandering title chance like this. |
|
| 23:28 | , this is the abandoned portion of Ganges Bob. Okay. Again, |
|
| 23:34 | , these are typical cross section. mean, man abuse. So one |
|
| 23:40 | you know pretty well is that funnel from Colorado Delta. Very extensive mudflats |
|
| 23:52 | sand flats. Okay, on if do a cross section offshore, |
|
| 24:00 | we're gonna see submerged title sandwiches has a little closer that Sandridge has become |
|
| 24:12 | . So it's actually now part of sandbar. But go farther inland, |
|
| 24:17 | going to see Siri's rivers, which make sense. But then what we |
|
| 24:22 | up here is clay and sand, sand being the Sandridge complexes, the |
|
| 24:33 | being mastering lower Aries. Okay, , when I want to focus on |
|
| 24:41 | these pestering this tributary channel fills? sorry. Not the title. Sandridge |
|
| 24:51 | here and then the more money So this is a typical example of |
|
| 25:00 | s string channel fill. Okay, finding uppers. But a lot of |
|
| 25:16 | a lot on Titley influenced sand Okay. And then this is the |
|
| 25:26 | ridge, of course. Knee And a lot of again title deposits |
|
| 25:40 | into this money shell. And this Heather Elizabeth for Mixed Betty, and |
|
| 25:48 | gonna be our title bugs. so what I was trying to remember |
|
| 25:57 | , comparing these two Sandy Fishies s distributor very gentle title Sandbridge. So |
|
| 26:06 | would be an example, uh, the U C in Spain. |
|
| 26:12 | a pro grading tile Sandridge here are grading sand ridges. But now we're |
|
| 26:23 | Venezuela looking at a large reservoir in area. Okay, so here we |
|
| 26:34 | coursing upwards, grossly finding upwards. , we'll come back to that |
|
| 26:45 | because ahead this mark, this is little older power point and somehow the |
|
| 26:53 | I saved, I can't find there some titled Elton's before we go any |
|
| 26:59 | that, um and are not the Estrin reinfect. They're actually pro grading |
|
| 27:10 | . But when you look at each the distributor Aires, they have that |
|
| 27:14 | shape that is wrong. Gated So clearly there is a lot of |
|
| 27:24 | influence in this delta. The Delta has a lot of uh, title |
|
| 27:33 | . A couple of things to note . Uh, this is in the |
|
| 27:37 | . It straight. So it has very limited fetch. So the wave |
|
| 27:42 | is low. Title Kurds are And because it's in him, it's |
|
| 27:48 | . You don't have many flood so the river flow is pretty much |
|
| 27:52 | same year around. What that does it means levees were not particularly |
|
| 27:59 | Crowes bass plays. Nor are of particularly dominant until we get to the |
|
| 28:05 | portion where you get distribute Terry's So this is our quote. |
|
| 28:14 | pro grading system. We have tidal here on the top. That s |
|
| 28:20 | channels and bars. Uh, the other thing I was gonna mention about |
|
| 28:26 | is that with the tide dominated they tend to have a very flat |
|
| 28:33 | platform until you get pretty far offshore it's pretty steep. Yeah, there |
|
| 28:39 | a lot of variations in how these look, but a wave dominated delta |
|
| 28:44 | look like this Mississippi River dominated. like this Thai dominated to look like |
|
| 28:55 | . And I might add, so ice does the same thing. |
|
| 29:01 | so the slope of the survey quizzed belt of varies a lot, depending |
|
| 29:06 | settlements. Applied wave energy. uh, I'm gonna skip this except |
|
| 29:12 | say that the pro grading margin of delta is that platform. So it's |
|
| 29:23 | from the Delta plane and the government now is Is this a drowned out |
|
| 29:31 | plane, or is this just And unfortunately, there's still hardly I |
|
| 29:37 | think it's drowned as much as this simply an offset where the sediment is |
|
| 29:43 | farther offshore point and and here we with the title in vain, mint |
|
| 29:56 | a tide dominated estuary becomes a tide delta. In the suggestion here, |
|
| 30:03 | is based on on fuel were is you go from this tide dominated |
|
| 30:10 | the maximum transgression. Then, as level quist arise and we begin to |
|
| 30:16 | the estuary, it begins to Felling the estuary them begins to migrate |
|
| 30:25 | . So the Orinoco actually is an of that The paleo orinoco looks like |
|
| 30:31 | today. It looks like this. was the maximum transgression. Whole saying |
|
| 30:39 | . Okay, this was the estuary same regression. Okay, so |
|
| 30:47 | skip that, except to say When look at any of these, Delta's |
|
| 30:51 | time, they change with time. is again a good article to look |
|
| 30:56 | the changes that occur. And there's periods of time with this wave down |
|
| 31:00 | delta in the paleo or enough. , so again, I'm gonna skip |
|
| 31:06 | , But it's a useful diagram. at notice here. We've seen it |
|
| 31:14 | grade all the way out to the edge, and we're beginning to have |
|
| 31:25 | transport and deposition of Delta deposits. what do you look for when you're |
|
| 31:33 | for Titley influence? Delta's well, is listed this in your notes, |
|
| 31:39 | opposite Lee directed crossed a herringbone cross . That's a, um think title |
|
| 31:50 | sig mortal stratification, reactivation surfaces header faces from pleasure to pleasure to ridicule |
|
| 32:07 | title bundles here with the double mud . Uh, cattle red mites. |
|
| 32:16 | , these are all features that we with Title Flats. But the fact |
|
| 32:22 | the matter is, they are evidence title influence, no matter where they |
|
| 32:26 | . Including this tide dominated. We're influenced. River Channel. Okay, |
|
| 32:36 | has a river this flowing into an with significant ties. So We're getting |
|
| 32:42 | inclined paralytic strap. Okay? this is a grossly coursing upward. |
|
| 32:51 | , Dominate Delta. The details are the sedimentary structures. Okay, So |
|
| 33:00 | was seen is a syriza client forms by specific, tightly induced bed |
|
| 33:11 | She's somewhat akin to Aeolian and some it can to title bundles. |
|
| 33:23 | so look at how this has put . Okay, uh, this these |
|
| 33:31 | face, she's occurred within bed and then they assembled together to form |
|
| 33:43 | pro grading delta. Look, something this one of them, the things |
|
| 33:55 | interested in are shelled rapes. And this is a Matt view of the |
|
| 34:05 | of continuity. Mud drapes in cross . And this is in Matthew from |
|
| 34:16 | continuous to very discontinues. You really to know. Are you dealing with |
|
| 34:28 | for this when you look at the hydrologic properties. So this is that |
|
| 34:37 | time was referring to earlier. About billion barrels. Original oil in |
|
| 34:42 | okay. And in reconstruction is basically tide dominated delta with up in here |
|
| 34:52 | , complex, uh, here kind transition. But down here, we're |
|
| 35:03 | proximal title ridges. Distal time Okay, this is a pretty good |
|
| 35:15 | . What? The vertical sequence looks in a lot of these tide dominated |
|
| 35:19 | . And then the devil The details in here with the sedimentary structures. |
|
| 35:27 | , this is an ice A This is an interpretation. The |
|
| 35:37 | Ah, this is from the Mohawk and you can see that the |
|
| 35:49 | It is a pretty good analogy to delta here and there as well. |
|
| 35:58 | you also see, when you start at these sediments down here on the |
|
| 36:06 | ethnicity, the Ghandi's, we see channels extending offshore and then these low |
|
| 36:16 | title channels here, like we see the Hawkin and likely saw in the |
|
| 36:26 | . Okay, so again, title coarsening up. I was just pictures |
|
| 36:34 | . We see it in in different . This this is all pretty much |
|
| 36:37 | same story. Okay, versus history channel. Same story. And so |
|
| 36:47 | , that's kind of make the Estrin finding upwards in composite, each of |
|
| 36:56 | air slightly finding upwards. The title ridges are definitely coarsening upwards. |
|
| 37:04 | so we can get a sense of these Thai dominate deltas are simple. |
|
| 37:14 | then we go back to this delta that we talked about with the tide |
|
| 37:19 | . Uh uh. In the characteristics that delta, we were talking about |
|
| 37:27 | transition from a wave dominated to a dominated EST. We're going into a |
|
| 37:32 | dominated. Dealt now one of the confusions between tide dominated estuaries, anti |
|
| 37:39 | Delta since the fact that both could in the shape of the entrance. |
|
| 37:43 | can have elongated linear title bars, there's some things you need to know |
|
| 37:51 | distinguish him the estuary. Uh, it's typically associate with transgressions. We |
|
| 38:00 | preserve the top of the bar set they're being flooded or buried. Eyes |
|
| 38:09 | flood dominant, and it's pretty well . Regressive stacks, that is, |
|
| 38:17 | tend to my great Lambert again because air associated with with transgressions low |
|
| 38:31 | said Morton, Trough cross job with Delta's. They're typically pro grading. |
|
| 38:40 | , river dominated, so they're gonna river dominated period currents. The tops |
|
| 38:48 | gonna be eroded. They're more poorly because it's a river source, pro |
|
| 38:55 | , stacking thicker beds trough to tap . Because it's more the settlement transform |
|
| 39:02 | more ah related to the rivers. , they'll still be sometime influence |
|
| 39:09 | but it won't be as evidence as is in the estuaries. Okay? |
|
| 39:16 | this is just pretty much the same . So the last thing I'm going |
|
| 39:19 | mention is, uh, this uh, tide dominated subsurface, |
|
| 39:30 | is Permian and agent in Australia. again, this is one we showed |
|
| 39:37 | . High course imitation during burial. , we've got linear ridges here is |
|
| 39:43 | , but then they are, in the upper portion. You got |
|
| 39:50 | lot of plays. This is still . Delta here. Uh, I'm |
|
| 39:55 | to think it may still be but I'm not sure. Uh, |
|
| 40:00 | , so we did this before. the difference between the upper zone good |
|
| 40:08 | in the Lord's own poor reservoirs uh, the lack of clays and |
|
| 40:16 | the lack of full right clay coatings prevent quartz overgrowth. Okay, |
|
| 40:26 | once again, I'm cutting these recording in part because you need breaks. |
|
| 40:33 | also because zoomed doesn't let me upload really large recording unless I thank please |
|
| 40:45 | things I don't wanna have to So let's take another five minute |
|
| 40:49 | There's two of 5 to 10 and we'll spend the rest of time on |
|
| 40:54 | water. |
|
