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01:24 | is everybody back or not? Singer faces? So I'm guessing people skills |
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01:31 | is being recorded. Okay, everyone see the slides. Okay, today |
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03:09 | reason my my own picture is very . Hopefully you're not having problems on |
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03:18 | end seeing the slides. So this is gonna be an overview of the |
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03:28 | sort of the history off sequenced photography . We'll talk about some of the |
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03:37 | original pioneers in sequence photography. We'll about sort of some of the problems |
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03:46 | those trigger fee and some of the that sequence photography solved in terms of |
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03:53 | we understand time and photography and And so we will talk about the |
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04:02 | are all American geologists Amadeus for about Burrell, Eliot Blackwelder. And of |
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04:09 | , we talked about Larry sloths a bit yesterday and avenues for About wrote |
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04:17 | important paper called Principles of Sedimentary We're gonna be talking about blackout |
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04:25 | In the next lecture, we get seismic particular. Joseph Burrell was very |
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04:32 | in the concept of base level and duration of time marked by contact between |
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04:42 | layers. And Eliot Blackwelder was the person to recognize that there were unconfirmed |
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04:49 | units that defined the strategic griffey of North American content. So bad was |
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05:02 | American sugar for already authority on the of China. Worked at M. |
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05:07 | . T. From 18 19 to 97 that went to Wrestle Polytechnic in |
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05:14 | York State and ended up working in on, He sort of invented this |
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05:23 | off sedimentary overlap relationships with a focus examples from North America. So here's |
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05:31 | example of one of his cross sections his papers. This is the Arbuckle |
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05:38 | , which crops out just north of , where I used to teach. |
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05:45 | , the are but a limestone, is a pizzo. Kuna is overland |
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05:50 | the Simpson limestone on this separated by same Peter sandstone. So the lower |
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05:58 | he's got a so so this is cross section of the strategic griffey. |
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06:03 | left word the pretty camera old show the granite symbol. And, of |
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06:11 | , the brick pattern is used to lunch. Does a stippled for sand |
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06:17 | , and all I've done is taken liberty of coloring it. It's about |
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06:22 | you couldn't papers and color like you today in the lower diagram, it's |
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06:27 | same cross section, but now he the strata graphic layers with numbers so |
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06:33 | could have 123456789 to 12 and unit two at three. Have a relationship |
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06:46 | the pretty fabric old. What lack relationship are they showing? If you |
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06:54 | a new yourself, then you could tell me the answer. If you |
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06:58 | you know correct, that's online. you know it's 456 show what kind |
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07:10 | relationship those units are on lapping about units. That would be information that |
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07:26 | against the lower service. This is surface against top surface that's talked about |
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07:35 | , right? And they ate unit to 12 short relationship. That's on |
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07:57 | that we talk about these later. I'm sure previewing. But the point |
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08:02 | is that Is that Bashar on left lap top, laughing on left so |
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08:08 | complex my marination ships. And then was a diagram from Amadeus. So |
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08:17 | is the cross section of love that drew and I just two colors to |
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08:21 | it to sea. So we have have a pro grating complex. |
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08:29 | you'll notice that the little faces our with brick pattern represents stones that passes |
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08:40 | limestone represent the most based in distant . They pass into a dash chair |
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08:47 | gradually passes into a stick, but just converted. Nice creation of transition |
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08:55 | San Scarlett Share limestone just blemishes and I'm going from yellow sand. |
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09:02 | share. Um, you also noticed em there. There's scoops about that's |
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09:10 | erosion that's over. Bashar Yngling waves on wave energy, creating this little |
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09:20 | of eroded sand right there again showing unit thes services here. Talk laughing |
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09:30 | that upper surface. Right? So have a talk black boundary on. |
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09:35 | units are building seaward kind of these kind of short. Peter is |
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09:52 | and Peter was gonna That's that's a director. And what kind of a |
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10:11 | . D is that, de? horizontal. I'd say it's pure team |
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10:22 | No way. Okay, now what's here is an example of a planet |
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10:31 | set from Van Wagner, 1990 and for Bowels looks a little better. |
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10:39 | that's just my period, and that is showing hated cats with five grand |
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10:45 | terms of what would this exactly? pure peeing. This has a component |
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10:56 | a and now we're seeing down using services, terminating against the bottom of |
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11:04 | diagram. So that would be exactly . So I just point out that |
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11:11 | great battle 1919 06 was producing diagrams reproduced 94 years later. Excellent. |
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11:21 | don't wanna bash excellent preparation that, know, they sort of presented sequence |
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11:25 | feelings known with something new. When started digging into literature, I said |
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11:32 | , the's ideas have been around for 100 years. There's nothing particularly new |
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11:38 | sequence and then battle 18 06 I know how old the response okay for |
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11:52 | effective, but it was very But before we had a great ability |
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11:58 | date walks using radioisotope words, we really only guess at the age of |
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12:04 | . Joel just suspected people like James the late 18 hundreds suspected millions to |
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12:13 | of millions of years old, but really knew. Jury had radio metric |
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12:19 | the assumptions for that Estimates for the of the Earth were from millions tens |
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12:26 | millions of years no one really fault Earth was billions of years old. |
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12:31 | any rate. Here's your bowels cross . There's his units, ABC after |
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12:37 | I and then here they are. we take the Geological Cross section, |
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12:42 | was a distance on the horizontal axis thickness and strength. A graph of |
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12:48 | on the vertical axis and then on right. We could at that time |
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12:52 | , aggressive diagram which have time. this shows is that the same Peter |
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12:59 | , which is in the middle of cross section, actually has a massive |
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13:05 | way used the word hiatus to refer the period of time that's that. |
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13:13 | a social Before they strike a Blackwelder was sort of working at around |
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13:22 | same time that Amadeus for Bowels Blackwelder a professor of Stanford University. Very |
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13:31 | , even today with and what we is that this is the this is |
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13:39 | Gulf Coast. Okay, on we to the interior of the North American |
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13:46 | , and what we see is is body of sediments overlaying my youngest |
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13:56 | And then we get an interval of or on hiatus in between, and |
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14:03 | this body, your sentiments, records and then this on lap in unit |
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14:10 | . Transgression. So we've got the of transgressions and regressions on the idea |
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14:16 | that strategy graphic units contains performance. is kind of a complicated diagram. |
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14:24 | the shares is again another Junan Frost . We've got a major small boundary |
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14:30 | . We've got some pays of We've got a metamorphic belts with very |
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14:35 | canyon rocks. Then here we got Senate votes. Maybe some pays oak |
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14:42 | on UN conformity. And then the represents the youngest of fraternity seven. |
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14:48 | here we've got young fraternal resettlements directly line for camping basement. So |
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14:54 | of course, represents extremely long Maturity said it directly overlying he and |
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15:04 | Gulf Coast region. We've got the sentiments on top. But those overall |
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15:10 | , which of course represents all the that's underneath, accused him in |
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15:15 | Conventional Get into camp. The other diagram familiar black Resist this show. |
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15:25 | geology off North America going from Labrador Labrador is part the Labrador has |
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15:36 | things. It's extremely. It has of the oldest rocks of North |
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15:43 | Food or rocks and It's got a of relations. So it has glacial |
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15:49 | sentiments directed it with candy. Great in Hamilton were surrounded by stones that |
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16:03 | with Campion basement. So there's there's camera or two missions. Syrians accept |
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16:10 | stones, buying large scale like candy . And then there's some returning glacial |
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16:16 | that over my those pasar units. get to work. You guys, |
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16:24 | have an extensive Cameron or permission That's, you know that that's a |
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16:30 | by a massive Devonian Teoh Permian That's all the rocks that you see |
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16:38 | Minerals Area of Dallas on that includes middle of all the judge goes |
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16:45 | And then, of course, you've the quotations to sentence of successions. |
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16:50 | a major or gas problems in the Coast. Everything from the closure to |
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16:56 | Haynesville toe would bind the massive Gulf reservoirs in the Frio on offshore, |
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17:06 | is all set up. Seven. shows isn't these is that there are |
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17:11 | sequences of rocks and the young He's get one family's. You go |
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17:17 | the interior and you see this pattern thick preserve sedimentary sequences at the |
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17:26 | It all continents whether it's the congregate margins along the west African coast that |
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17:37 | to the east of margin of North . Joseph Farrell was a professor of |
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17:47 | in Gale. Dina, Thinking is 30 something tragic death. Brown was |
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17:54 | very well rounded geologist, was just of structural. But he also |
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18:02 | It's incredible papers in debt sedimentation. love this diagram. What this shows |
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18:11 | Units A, B and C. know a represents a succession of Don't |
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18:20 | to Marine shares that are building a grating see, and you a represents |
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18:29 | during a time in which see, is greater. Then the sorry staging |
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18:40 | is deposited during a period in which is no city. That that's the |
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18:46 | did very first we did yesterday afternoon way began building. The cross section |
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18:53 | house that was filled in adults with seen on the rise. This is |
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18:58 | coarse shows what kind of a combination . What's the sports that trajectory Anybody |
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19:18 | ? E. It is yes, ation and then a baby we have |
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19:23 | up arise is actually so then we here Exactly then unit See, we |
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19:35 | seen up arise, which is greater the accumulation rate. And so the |
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19:39 | bags there's right. I don't know you can see this, but you |
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19:43 | that there's a double sonic form, story base there. And then there's |
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19:47 | shelf snow right there. There is shore face. There is the |
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19:52 | and there is the little short There is hard to see. There's |
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19:56 | show. So around he's got the in sedimentary stacking panders to fill it |
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20:08 | key services that was able to that strata graphic billed as as a consequence |
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20:17 | the interaction of Saturday supply and Remember when I read that paper in |
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20:24 | ? I'm like, I don't get . I thought Secret started with something |
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20:28 | . Joseph Brown had it all figured in Lines 12. That's that's That's |
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20:34 | 200 years. But what the heck ? Amazing process for got into that |
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20:46 | , sick little photography, which I'm get you in just a bit. |
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20:53 | then this is another diagram from Burrows . Okay, again, this shows |
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20:58 | what we did in in a very exercise and reflects the combination exercise that |
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21:04 | shared with me this morning. And know, this shows a source to |
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21:09 | system mountains. There is the There is a chef's little break. |
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21:14 | represents what morale referred to as the appear now in the security. You |
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21:22 | , the mountains have gotten bigger. some mountain. Of course, that's |
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21:26 | sediment supply. It's now. Now have a green Louisville wedge. Then |
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21:32 | is the orange shoreline deposits. And there's the show. Slow break going |
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21:37 | default. You could see this. a little delta chloroform there and there's |
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21:41 | shots. Then, of course, go into old age, the mountains |
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21:47 | down. The area subsides. The rides across the area in a |
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21:55 | You noticed the green is gone, green and be, and it's |
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22:00 | That's eroded by waves rolling back across service. That's the store base |
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22:08 | That was one of the last points I talked about yesterday afternoon. So |
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22:12 | fall short patient, short base There, the building of chefs complex |
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22:20 | shells called concept with slow build a on top of it. And then |
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22:25 | significant roles in my wage from the , producing a transgressive services. I |
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22:33 | figure all this out. Did you look at outcrops? And then look |
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22:38 | modern examples of Delta's and correlate? two knows. You know, |
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22:44 | I've read those papers. There's no . This is, I think. |
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22:51 | think the reason why people struggled with what to do with with his insights |
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22:57 | you don't We're going to talk about in the next lecture. What excellent |
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23:03 | go Regional Slides with Dana Seismic illustrated patterns directly with songs, but I |
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23:11 | know how Brassard of these things He didn't work in the US West |
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23:17 | in the wrong places, like you the complex, Teoh, West |
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23:25 | and get out to Reese. You see Prada forms in places you shouldn't |
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23:33 | size. I don't know. I that your insides, you know, |
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23:43 | I'm sure geology just figured out but just understand processes right. But |
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23:49 | balance with you, it's hard to understand what David that's a great |
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23:53 | Think about that for many years. , you know, Brown also |
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24:02 | Well, I'm trying to understand the of the Earth, he says, |
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24:07 | know, before less no radio, sentiments. Okay? Sentiments came late |
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24:13 | time millimeters for year meter 2000 whatever it is. So, he |
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24:20 | . Look, I understand the their their their services and services and |
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24:27 | of these lines. And so he , here's a based on her. |
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24:32 | a represents the primary curve of rising that that basically would represent the subsidence |
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24:40 | of the basin and that superimposed on has got the beaker of and those |
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24:47 | dies drop off summations. Giving dis is now diaspora is sort of the |
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24:53 | for cycling changes in defamation that probably large tectonics. Breast plate tectonics didn't |
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25:06 | , so just talked about guys. stop it processes. Today we talk |
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25:12 | Anya on conformity, these tectonic in and that's super intel. Matty has |
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25:18 | frequency awesome nations, minor awesome Asians those, due largely to the climax |
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25:26 | James Croll in 18 82 I realized that the Earth's changes consequence of off |
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25:35 | variations that draws organizations, so the that the glacial cycles are driven by |
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25:41 | change was well known in the 18 . Uh, I actually did for |
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25:50 | mutuality physics. The casserole calculations documented actual changes in the orbit of the |
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25:59 | and determining the frequency of cycle was 410,400,000 years. But the most parents |
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26:10 | well understood in his time. But was another 30 40 years before the |
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26:15 | math was done that they need precisely actual the number of thousands of years |
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26:22 | orbited cycles. Now the upper diagram time. Everything in black settlements and |
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26:29 | represents the period of time recorded by services between layers. What shows is |
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26:35 | most of the strata graphic record is time, and only a small portion |
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26:41 | it is actually settlements. That was because he was saying, Look, |
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26:45 | we know the sedimentation rate, we that fixes the sentiment We could say |
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26:50 | , if there's a millimeter per year later rock way have 10 millimeters of |
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26:58 | that could be 10 years. But there is a fountain years between the |
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27:02 | layer that 10 times most so he to estimate the amount of time records |
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27:08 | the surface is to try to use graphic record to estimate the age of |
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27:12 | Earth. Now, what's interesting here a diagram from the textbook. Once |
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27:19 | , bandwagon aging. So again, 70 years after after Girls and you're |
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27:30 | is a couple of strata graphic Okay, and here's the subsidence |
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27:36 | This time problem is a straight this kind of a slightly slightly varying |
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27:44 | that we have the low frequency awesome , medium freaky, awesome, awesome |
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27:52 | and the high frequency now in the . This this would be a million |
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27:59 | sea level curve 100,000 years curve than . Next one's view that linear linear |
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28:09 | is the tectonic maybe, with some potential of substance thrown in and superimposed |
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28:16 | matter status changes that gives you the . Which is this thing here, |
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28:23 | so Black earth. The black line the basis. It's always subsided, |
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28:28 | , always dropping down and super post dropping down curve that produces a combination |
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28:37 | and the times red representing times get erosion below that when you get |
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28:46 | that results in with two strata graph . What's interesting is how similar these |
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28:53 | . What's interesting just by If you the 1988 Wagner paper, there's no |
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29:00 | with so You know, I don't whether Van Wagner was where this |
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29:06 | but certainly you know, if you the expression reinventing the wheel 88 years |
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29:13 | , you know, three excellent folks coming to the same realization that Johnson |
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29:17 | all figured out eight years before J. These questions. It's fortunately |
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29:24 | head along. Very curious thing. , now we want the clock forward |
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29:32 | the sixties started 15 about 19 there being the staying home for one |
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29:38 | World War Two. The, we'll talk about this a little bit |
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29:45 | Winston Churchill had to make a very decision that was too good for the |
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29:50 | Navy from coal Diesel. The disadvantage for Great Britain was they didn't have |
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29:58 | was very risky for the very, rich hole and that the North Sea |
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30:06 | occur into the seventies. So but Churchill have an advantage of this thing |
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30:12 | the tradition. Of course, the Empire had access to resources of all |
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30:19 | the places where they controlled the comedies included Protectorate of Vision, so they |
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30:31 | access to North American oil and The advantage of diesel is it makes |
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30:37 | that maybe a lot. So right on a lot faster, which means |
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30:42 | more dangerous. The trick is, you get your supplies cut off your |
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30:47 | , okay. One of problems of had is they also had very long |
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30:53 | . One of the reasons why they to attack Russia is to get |
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30:58 | That's another story. At any just resulted. It is a massive |
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31:03 | , the need to discover or And that really led to a massive |
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31:08 | in the petroleum industry, particularly during War Two. And guess what, |
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31:14 | ? That resulted in a massive increase the availability of subsurface taters. So |
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31:21 | Larry Small system in the late forties into the sixties, all of a |
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31:27 | he had way more data than to document the extra ginger off the North |
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31:38 | continent. Much detail was a vandal black, but he took black grounds |
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31:47 | on and put together this diagram that the strata graphic relationships. Conformity is |
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31:54 | the entire called. So this is the Rocky Mountains. You notice he |
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32:01 | his furniture in the my O. . Was saying, You don't use |
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32:04 | anymore. That's basically that passive margin on the West of Marginal America before |
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32:11 | were deformed into the Rocky Mountains. course, you got the three |
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32:19 | you know, if you go to Accuracy Mountains that formed blocks that make |
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32:23 | those mountains original, informed, passive and and reflect thick pins off dummies |
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32:30 | successions. Did you go to the of North America? You want to |
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32:35 | sedimentation when sea levels very most. he recognized the other thing. That |
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32:43 | loss recognizes that there are is that are groups of Rex battered by |
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32:52 | This isn't something that you'll be particularly with. Remember when I was undergraduate |
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32:59 | the university from the seventies, I go to conferences and people talk about |
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33:04 | camera division, succession and the development . Senators and Slows realized that that |
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33:12 | big authorities in North America did not at the traditional period. Bang grease |
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33:23 | in geological timescales of Europe. They in the middle of period, so |
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33:30 | said, Let's a bad and all European terms, who cares about the |
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33:35 | ? Those based on strict Europe North is different. He introduced a newsroom |
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33:42 | reflecting First Nations Native American terminologies. you have socks? Sequence the ticket |
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33:51 | Because Kass fear you have Sarah Zuni the tables, which is, of |
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33:56 | , for everyone in Texas control And I think he fought with |
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34:01 | Would that these troops will replace the in Mississippi. The and I think |
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34:08 | lost. He lost the war, he lost the battle. His name's |
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34:14 | really caught on. But the idea that we have sequences found upon major |
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34:21 | conformity he's eventually one that one. one. That aspect of the fight |
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34:30 | Larry Slaw screwed was pro surprised Pieter When Peter was a peaked in Northwestern |
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34:37 | , Peter last school, I went work for and then summarily went to |
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34:45 | . And as they say, the of there is just one example of |
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34:52 | diagrams from Larry Small work. So we see the folded rocks of socks |
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35:02 | that's that. Camera or deficiency is here. And then that's lovely overlay |
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35:08 | the next phase of sentiments that refers as the typical new, and you |
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35:15 | see that there is an UN conformity separates a typical black from the socks |
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35:23 | lower diagram. He's showing the same , and you can see the Here's |
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35:28 | cross section from Nevada to Manitoba. the Williston Basin there, and here |
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35:34 | a diagram goes from Virginia on the to response. Can anybody tell me |
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35:43 | kind of Duncan's for me that is ? It's conforming. Yes, |
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35:51 | brother. So here's another example. . These were younger sequence here. |
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35:58 | we've got the Zuni sequence. Black , older sequences right on. Once |
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36:04 | , we've got anger and conformity Here is you told geology There is |
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36:09 | man co share that I've spent decades on on. Then here is the |
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36:15 | Coast sequences. They're called Valley Command overline. There's land salt on. |
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36:25 | there was the There's Peter Sands, affairs that pays walking. What's interesting |
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36:35 | if you look a sauces work, really does echo back Blackwell his |
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36:41 | So, you know, 50 years Blackwelder Smalls revisited Blackwells work and Flesh |
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36:47 | and increased and of course, lots understood that there was a so, |
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36:55 | addition to its loss, literally defining security of an entire continent, the |
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37:03 | North American continent. Smalls also tried present the theory that explained mathematics that |
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37:14 | how soon princes are deposited. So did something first. Uh huh. |
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37:20 | first attempt through to use differential equations different Cubans to define strata. Graphic |
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37:28 | we went to that game yesterday and won't review. Harry Potter was a |
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37:34 | at the University of Washington. I met the Gunny on a 1958 he |
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37:43 | concept of Tom's return, a thing had been begun by Blackwelder and the |
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37:51 | folks Talk and heroin Dealer did a of work on presenting exploded strata graph |
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38:01 | cross sections in which went from thickness on the vertical axis and had a |
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38:08 | of terms that reviewed to describe that of time associated with the conformance. |
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38:19 | we're gonna come back to these the crew in the hiatus. We're |
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38:27 | gonna take a break here, but would like everyone just take a little |
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38:35 | and read out, because this next is a little confusing, okay? |
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38:42 | it's supposed to be confusing, Although want you to understand this. I |
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38:48 | you to be annoyed by this maximum , Okay, so because it's |
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38:56 | it doesn't make any sense, but really important. It's important because I'm |
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39:04 | explain. How does this trip was that is still practiced in many parts |
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39:10 | the world. The reason why this important is many of the formations that |
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39:15 | may have. The fortune I only working on your careers will have been |
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39:22 | according to principles I'm going to explain soon as I finished. It's |
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39:29 | Makes no sense, but it is way that formations name. And if |
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39:35 | don't understand how formations named you may , that means it's valuable for |
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39:45 | Most little strata graphic units to use than clarified strata graphic operations. Thank |
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39:54 | . So I got one of the I got into this is I learned |
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40:00 | Hair Were and his times driving grasp . But I realized that he was |
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40:10 | . I had a hard time understanding . When I came in epidemic in |
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40:15 | I went back and read someone. was papers on little suit, which |
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40:19 | never read before, and I was , I never really had a script |
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40:24 | this attack. So strata graphic After read his papers became clear, and |
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40:31 | realized that it was a very complicated story. So here is just |
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40:37 | simple cross strait cross sections that would been very common in the late thirties |
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40:42 | 50. The typical kind of strata cross sections that geologist produce What you |
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40:52 | is sandy formation being on a ship formation. Okay, And of |
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41:03 | right so you could have a big delta's that great into a big stack |
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41:10 | Shelton. Throw down to shares you know, sometimes it's mostly dealt |
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41:15 | . Sometimes it's most of Marine and then you get this area. |
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41:21 | problem is in the area fingering You shamed and said that shale and sand |
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41:27 | sense you're happy you have tongues of intruding into the shale in terms of |
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41:37 | . And, well, it was . You can't go a B a |
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41:42 | a B, he said. That's you know, if you have |
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41:48 | be that young with information. That information always has information. The |
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41:56 | that is too is said, so two solutions. The problem once say |
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42:02 | prefer I like the sandstone more. what do is I'm gonna call that |
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42:11 | member off. What? I'm gonna this Just taken arbitrary white line. |
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42:17 | gonna draw it up from the Everything. So that's the end of |
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42:22 | . Be sandstone arbitrate, vertical But I'm just going to say any |
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42:28 | what's left of that line. I'm to include information be and any shares |
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42:33 | at that line. I'm going sort information. Okay, so then you |
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42:39 | the sandy time will be a Time will be another sandy tongue of |
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42:44 | another sharing time being so or perhaps before the shares, you say, |
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42:51 | , that's formation in Call that sandstone of a I'm just following the end |
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43:00 | off that tongue by looking at that drawing. Arbitrary Gordon. Come on |
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43:07 | from the landward living that Cheryl called so that a and everything like |
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43:14 | So the formacion boundary in the Left is a straight a graphic horizontal service |
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43:24 | , arbitrary, radical line that separates on the left from sharing. Right |
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43:29 | it's a strategy traffic service, vicious , another strata graphic surface that it |
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43:38 | the contact between formation A and sometimes in strata graphic. Sometimes it's |
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43:44 | it's inclination shows and online, and it's an arbitrary. Okay, does |
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43:55 | make any sense to you? That's . Now that's not theoretical. I |
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44:05 | actually applause. OK, this is area that I've worked. This is |
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44:11 | , a lot of work so that is the book we've got the man |
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44:16 | share. That's one by the plaque . The black hole consists of a |
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44:21 | of marine tones separated, blushing, so there's the lowest sounds. |
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44:28 | that's Jones astronomer. And then there's share about that represents a transgression. |
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44:37 | medical shell into the Black Hawk Call medical Cheryl. They vertical arbitrate vertical |
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44:47 | . They simply said all the shares of that with the black hole to |
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44:52 | right of that. Here's the the share of the price for information that's |
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45:02 | as part of the Price River, as part of the mangles the boundaries |
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45:06 | our majority. Right? So that's arbitrary cut off. Okay, so |
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45:15 | the same paper, we were memory various strata graphic cross sections from the |
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45:22 | various places in North America. Let's one of these. So this is |
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45:28 | the geology off the Grand Chicken So we have PR jail that's overlaying |
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45:40 | the linden limestone, which is by chisel. Okay, go to the |
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45:48 | . At this point, get the angel ship. Big smoke, |
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45:53 | So what? We're really does they , Well, we're gonna define the |
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45:57 | angel share as a formation and we separated from the people Share at the |
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46:04 | where the Linda limestone pinches out in it Asian ship. We draw the |
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46:10 | at that, pinch out any The light is the PR from any |
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46:14 | to the left or the right Scary thing is let you say |
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46:21 | you know, a new road is built during the new deal, |
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46:28 | During Eisenhower, he was living Don't actually here then then the boundaries |
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46:35 | off that formation has. Sure. that's kind of a dangerous battery, |
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46:41 | it's it's based on the data. here's Here's another example. Uh, |
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47:00 | Knox limestone is the big I don't that forms the night spark into astrology |
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47:05 | to where I live. This So there's a lot this formation. |
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47:13 | feel very. The formation banners, lines. Common talk is mostly |
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47:25 | Honaker is mostly limestone And, um ledges? Mostly limestone water bills, |
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47:34 | sharing Mary smells of mine from another diagram. We have little faces. |
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47:45 | of you who don't build trace brought will find this very confused. That's |
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47:50 | he took praised force. You heard 10 face, including faces, but |
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47:55 | work faces marries Time did not refer deputised environment off a part of |
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48:06 | Listen, Faces referred to the average off a bunch of formations added |
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48:13 | I never used the word face in terms that way part of Harry Theater |
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48:24 | my response is doing is trying to out the general drugs with the entire |
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48:29 | . Still, a lot of Also, we'll Mallory's time, the |
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48:35 | off sentimental structures and for education to out the details of environmental little faces |
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48:43 | really exist. And so little faces really just most a supposed to environmental |
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48:51 | faces that we understand used today. then the closest thing to a little |
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48:59 | concept today, which just was this . Little sodas left a strong's that |
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49:04 | no longer use. Thanks. again, the point is just for |
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49:11 | to understand This is the kind of that that just comes with 50. |
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49:20 | clearly this was gonna call some If you want to use this kind |
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49:25 | brushed urology to find Reservoir See Okay. And so kind of the |
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49:35 | here is that is the little faces little photography would defined by arbitrary |
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49:45 | those thes vertical boundaries, all So one question I have is |
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49:52 | These arbitrary little strata graphic units or would be visible in Assad. If |
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50:01 | if you take a size with line Have you ever seen a vertical line |
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50:06 | separates a woman must own money and ? Has anyone ever team that |
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50:15 | So? So everything Harry Reid did G launcher prosection like I showed and |
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50:24 | into a real a diagram like I below. What's shown below is the |
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50:29 | diagram for sequence C and D. , do you notice that secrecy is |
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50:37 | ? Unit. It's gonna and conformity the base. It has angular performing |
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50:43 | tough. Okay, here we've got layers and see. And here we've |
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50:53 | layer 123 and four, and layers 70 or missing. And here seeing |
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51:00 | missing completely. And then it pops up again here. So, |
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51:05 | space sequence see, is almost complete layers 123 to 8. There is |
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51:13 | to 8. Then here, in part we've only got layers. One |
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51:17 | That's one. Before you've got almost See that this is the overseas completely |
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51:23 | wrong way. Then she is very Here it units, units see, |
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51:32 | overly by unit D and there is oldest player you know, Dean |
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51:37 | you're on lap top of C. got 123456789 10 10 layers showed him |
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51:47 | and you know, one pitches up with two goals, but further, |
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51:51 | goes further foremost further and the five deposited over the entire. So the |
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52:00 | at the base of D get younger that direction. The oldest units her |
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52:06 | and the younger units present all frost . This vertical line represents the area |
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52:16 | time that used to be occupied by from C horizontal. The area characterized |
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52:26 | the horizontal line represents the rocks of that our school prisoners and the white |
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52:33 | represents the period of time which there no deposition. Okay, This, |
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52:43 | is his hair users times photography diagram process. But the thing that haven't |
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52:53 | about these so this point, you see that there is an un |
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53:01 | There it is. The conformity stops , the test. There's also not |
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53:10 | here. The past conformity then Apparently either draw off trade vertical boundary |
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53:19 | the tip out of that on conformity and as the name a new |
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53:24 | So his sequences would find di un ease. But as soon as you |
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53:29 | been formally passing in front of conformity draw arbitrary, brought to mind separating |
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53:35 | to the left of the seafood, ? I never understood why he did |
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53:42 | never could understand it until I went and read that paper. He was |
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53:48 | strong. Auditory wrote about his for so he just carried that into the |
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53:55 | interpretation of sequences. Nobody could figure out excellent, came along and |
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54:01 | Well, that was making sense. don't we just keep secrets going in |
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54:04 | crowd of conformity and simplifying the definition the correct conformity sequences? rather have |
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54:14 | superstition our way. Just keep seeking going just becomes so when Excellent revised |
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54:25 | top style secrets formally. Okay, a consequence of all this arbitrary vertical |
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54:38 | sense, a couple things happened in sixties. Two major in the |
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54:48 | One was the explosion of use of Pantagraph, the other respected Harry |
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54:59 | Fresh Water University. It was called mine at Dallas was a school |
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55:09 | Harry was in his last days, he was acquitted. Perry really deny |
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55:18 | , of course, meant that anybody the seventies were doing tectonics. I |
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55:22 | be treated as an idiot by the community community except effective. There's a |
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55:31 | . I just thought it was just fart and none of his siblings was |
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55:37 | attention to for tonight. Who is professor that so at Texas, Bob |
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55:48 | passed away and Colonel was Russian It was very bad eyesight. So |
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55:55 | wasn't much of a geologist, really Rafter microscope because because it was bad |
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56:00 | like it was just one thing you see and these two classroom bang and |
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56:07 | response that we're manly stops at This fraternity stuff is the complete triumph |
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56:14 | over facts and common sense. But what happened is is an organization called |
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56:23 | de Economic Meteorologists, Paleontologists S and M that I was pressed on a |
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56:29 | years ago, published a journal called said mention metrology. The focus was |
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56:36 | mineralogy and paleontology, and if you strewn lights instead of seven, taking |
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56:44 | course in soft geology, the trigger , and you spend all your time |
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56:53 | about sentimental structures and looking at rocks finish section and Sertic. It was |
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56:59 | lost art. So in the particularly was characterized as a debt |
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57:07 | capture endless debates about hot two main graphic units. The problem is the |
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57:14 | look. Same mythologies deposited in the deputies, environments that the same age |
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57:20 | had the same false is will be different formations because of the arbitrary |
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57:27 | That's crazy. But that doesn't make . And of course, some rheumatologists |
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57:34 | , Just forget those old photography Let's focus on on using the Petrograd |
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57:42 | and the composition of sand stones document tectonic origin, sandstorms and then the |
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57:49 | big breakthrough had occurred was the analysis environmental faces. What's interesting? Is |
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57:56 | a small group of geologists, mostly the sort of Midwestern states, including |
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58:02 | and Oklahoma? They do a sequence sugar, but it's hard to know |
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58:08 | because of their politics. And I with big sense Now they were ignored |
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58:14 | the geologist on the Western V. to just raving about tectonics and see |
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58:21 | plate tectonics and or DJ faces They weren't much interest was always |
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58:28 | dirty secrets. So the old business moving ahead and see photography and the |
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58:35 | , particularly in California, Stanford and of the Big East schools like Harvard |
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58:44 | Yale. They just want the Secret except for garbage. And the sad |
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58:49 | is, they're geologist. 100 years had invented read a plate tectonics. |
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58:57 | agency dermatologist came along. They just with They didn't teach it at none |
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59:04 | it. So I was a PhD at McMaster and one of the first |
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59:12 | stories that apply this great concept of . Models produced this cross section of |
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59:19 | around. I don't know if you read this, but but, |
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59:25 | this this, uh, stiffer unit is described us at the strip military |
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59:34 | with our pretty dominant power. this course that rule is described as |
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59:50 | short bar and beach. Horizontal line a high ton, flat floodplain. |
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60:03 | is the word mythology mentioned. I'm saying OK here, says this dash |
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60:09 | was that that's can't fund this dashed . Here is some literal, full |
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60:17 | witness shale so predominant for the first , you actually have a pathology |
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60:23 | Most of these shoes Sam's, are environments of deposition. Your deeds. |
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60:33 | the many from the movie The Yellow . Now that was 1971. |
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60:45 | and then he felt a telegram from Day and Galloway. So this is |
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60:50 | Coast in the 19 eighties, and is the This is the Perrys are |
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60:59 | in both coast. And once let's look at the explanation of who's |
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61:06 | deal in Delta Strand played flu feel grain for screen. Strange. |
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61:19 | Shall recall carbonate forming Lee something that cruise once again. We're talking about |
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61:27 | of deposition. Everything is in your , okay? And so that when |
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61:32 | began in 1998 you know what it Balls. Anybody here ever used |
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61:40 | Of course, you have that lead distract force back in the day. |
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61:47 | these programs that would be used to students about about geography in they you |
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61:56 | 20 years ago. And this is opinion of those diagrams sorting hat, |
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62:05 | Potter. There's the whole wards. that's what I think. And so |
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62:11 | critical thing is the This was considered statement in the fifties, in the |
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62:17 | and the eighties, and none of are anything like Assad. So when |
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62:24 | with data came, it said, a minute, this data is showing |
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62:30 | that we're missing in jail. What it that we're missing? As I |
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62:38 | out, Larry slaw supervised Peter Bail small, says ideas, went to |
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62:46 | and said, Wait a minute. see things in size with data that |
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62:51 | do know looks like what I was . It doesn't look like anything that's |
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62:58 | that's masquerading last year. So the doing geology or producing diagrams cross sections |
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63:08 | don't look like size with data. think they're missing something That's something strange |
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63:15 | you want it. All cos seventies sixties only the physicists were allowed to |
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63:21 | at size. A geologist for considered have enough mathematical skills to interpret size |
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63:29 | Pete Vale said, The sheriff That's crazy like that. Still, |
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63:36 | geology, that seismic data, and don't maximizing preventing that. So we |
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63:42 | to have this size with to extract strata. Graphic information. Thanks. |
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63:52 | began this story off sequence in and that's what we're gonna end right |
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64:02 | , right? Right at the That's a good place, A good |
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64:11 | . So what, we're gonna do ? Just other, Any questions right |
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64:19 | that will take place. Okay, I've got 10 15 15 minute |
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64:28 | and then we can be at Electrolux born in a pick up again about |
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64:37 | minutes |
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