| 00:01 | Mhm. Okay, well, let's at the rest of the face. |
|
| 00:09 | let's start now looking at abandoned champ when we look at a floodplain, |
|
| 00:18 | realize the floodplains changed. Of all the time. Okay. And |
|
| 00:23 | changed the variety mechanisms uh including ladder migration and meander cut off in larger |
|
| 00:33 | . Both. So let's let's see is the record of those various ways |
|
| 00:40 | changing migration. Lateral migration is reported the Me Anderson. So that's |
|
| 00:50 | But for the cut offs and it's a little larger scale. So |
|
| 00:55 | look first of all, the shoot off. This will be examples. |
|
| 01:00 | cannot remember when I said the the second that the river tends to |
|
| 01:11 | this course when he said hi That is of course we should cut |
|
| 01:15 | the curb. And so they can with time result in this becoming detached |
|
| 01:24 | . Made it migrates over here, fills in Mahan. So everything was |
|
| 01:31 | itself. A neck cut off basically where with expansion, The neck narrows |
|
| 01:40 | finally it cuts off either because in case could actually touch the two sounds |
|
| 01:47 | there's a flow over there. So we had meander uh cut off in |
|
| 01:56 | here, We have it a little . Uh and one thing to notice |
|
| 02:02 | that is filling with set, but sentiment more sam is coming in here |
|
| 02:14 | . So they're gonna be sent some here. More sense then model |
|
| 02:22 | So the pattern of channel fill. isn't all just instantaneously all not. |
|
| 02:30 | much long time, shorter time. we're going to see the filling of |
|
| 02:37 | channels meander cut offs. Well, take a lot and eventually it gets |
|
| 02:45 | be an oxford awake avulsion, you know, the site misplaced, |
|
| 02:52 | this river here used to come through this and now it's shifted over to |
|
| 03:01 | . So we have a long a river that is though not abandoned |
|
| 03:08 | now secondary chance. Sure. For of you that kind of know the |
|
| 03:14 | Land area, Oyster Creek is a , a vault course of the last |
|
| 03:25 | . So that's like a thing, my plug and see what it might |
|
| 03:30 | like. And here are basically kind the story of how it feels. |
|
| 03:37 | won't get into that except to say this successive, it feels uh from |
|
| 03:44 | riverside inland with the last part of the channel to finally fill. Uh |
|
| 03:54 | , this suggests in this particular a sharp cut off, it doesn't |
|
| 04:01 | to be shot. This is the of the man proposes. Um, |
|
| 04:06 | are just different examples of how we get most of the point bar to |
|
| 04:15 | the lower part of the point Philip here, we've got some |
|
| 04:20 | One of the things that will happen it's abandoned is you can have slumping |
|
| 04:27 | okay through finding a first uh except . Yeah, remember within that it's |
|
| 04:40 | . Yes, finding upwards, but , uh, you've got these little |
|
| 04:52 | events trying to think and you'll still some flood events coming in here. |
|
| 05:00 | , these are most important for segmenting , um the channel margins and flood |
|
| 05:09 | are also, but they can also be read supporters, a particularly nervous |
|
| 05:15 | . So let's look at that. levees themselves, you know, have |
|
| 05:18 | form. This is a freshman textbook to thinner of course to find as |
|
| 05:24 | get farther away. And so here see just the natural level. One |
|
| 05:28 | the things to note here is that trees on the levels, but not |
|
| 05:33 | the floodplain, and the reason for is that levies being a little higher |
|
| 05:38 | a little better drink. And so more likely to have trees in a |
|
| 05:43 | like this than not. And so we look at these um these overbanked |
|
| 05:50 | , if you want, you'll Let these raiding into uh more and |
|
| 05:58 | on board. Yeah, distributed well best channels slays, people's place. |
|
| 06:09 | if you look at google earth images the process, sure, you can |
|
| 06:15 | see these, particularly in the older for there wasn't as much cultivation and |
|
| 06:21 | in the black and white warnings all way you'll see it elsewhere. These |
|
| 06:25 | those crevasse displays, okay, this be the alevi. Okay, notice |
|
| 06:34 | are developed on the outside. Not much in here. Okay, here |
|
| 06:42 | got some, this would be levy mass play, come on, let's |
|
| 06:54 | . Mhm. Lady, Okay, not a levee here. So the |
|
| 06:59 | clue. Well they're gonna be Yeah. Yeah. So you're breaching |
|
| 07:04 | levee and you've got at least once for a while flood filling in Porsche |
|
| 07:14 | filling into the flooded basement. Uh such time as either the lady heals |
|
| 07:21 | or it becomes the site for a lotion. Mhm. So here we |
|
| 07:27 | soil containing a soil container is like soils fish easter. It describes the |
|
| 07:35 | change in soils. True. And when you see here I'll bet a |
|
| 07:48 | coarser un agree The song maturity Just as nations keep adding seven |
|
| 07:57 | Here it all. Now here you occidental's presumed reduce great way. Uh |
|
| 08:14 | . It's all reduced how a handful is to say separated by not to |
|
| 08:30 | calcium carbonate. Nationals up here with Nagy is becoming born. So these |
|
| 08:40 | typical things you get in a ready flip things positive. Okay now each |
|
| 08:48 | the levees will tend to be a out because they're flooded. It's they |
|
| 08:59 | and wait region right? Yeah. within individual packages you could have parallels |
|
| 09:07 | rippled or ripples of mud whatever. notice in this case here the levees |
|
| 09:17 | the beginning larger retired. The reason that is actually because you're getting the |
|
| 09:38 | is getting closer and closer with So it's getting thicker and thicker. |
|
| 09:43 | so even though we don't see the channel we do see the thickening, |
|
| 09:53 | the river is getting function if it's . Okay, If it's a grievous |
|
| 10:01 | , well, I'll see if it's grass play. Hang on. |
|
| 10:05 | So here's the levee. Here's pinching to the right, okay. And |
|
| 10:14 | the levees are pretty short features, canvas plays can be much larger and |
|
| 10:21 | consist of both the channel Display Here's an example of one. Oh |
|
| 10:29 | , with the breach and artificial. , like now these private place can |
|
| 10:36 | thought of as adult and so they're to pro grade for the time. |
|
| 10:43 | this is the other way that you get sand pro grading into floodplain as |
|
| 10:49 | delta grows. And it it really all the characteristics of a little shall |
|
| 10:58 | . That is to say, well got the the list here. It's |
|
| 11:04 | the coarsening upward sequence. Okay, this gets closer and closer, but |
|
| 11:11 | one remember flood. So it's course , coarse, fine, coarse |
|
| 11:16 | But getting course your overall and it's into by a channel possible. So |
|
| 11:26 | . You look in here for its course inning upwards even though it |
|
| 11:33 | of finding a cycles here, you've a channel that is finding us that's |
|
| 11:44 | little me Andrew channel for best And here you've got an abandoned channel |
|
| 11:54 | that Travis play as a band. , so it's really pretty simple when |
|
| 12:01 | look at the package like this? here is the coarsening upward, coarsening |
|
| 12:08 | , coarsening upward. Okay, why would coursing upwards? It's a |
|
| 12:16 | initially breach. Would that be high situation? What happens is the levee |
|
| 12:24 | the first time you get a Okay, tell me how long the |
|
| 12:29 | , how long is that flood that pro grade up the next time and |
|
| 12:37 | breach again or may stay breached. the next flood is going to have |
|
| 12:42 | and more and more set. Each gets more and more set. It's |
|
| 12:47 | out until such time as it begins heal itself or create a new |
|
| 12:53 | Okay, so these are basic, basically like little deltas, Okay, |
|
| 13:01 | are spilling out into the levy, into the I'm covered with marsh. |
|
| 13:13 | , so here's our Travis play. of these little displays. I'm |
|
| 13:23 | here's a another corpus play and here's channel belt. So these are forming |
|
| 13:38 | and you can have them repeated. as likely, but you can't have |
|
| 13:45 | . So here's a case where the upwards and thickening upwards sequences are exposed |
|
| 13:56 | . Exactly. Here's the crevasse play wise, that is coming towards me |
|
| 14:06 | the floodplain here. It is where getting the Jarvis plate cut by the |
|
| 14:13 | channels. So those are channels they're out towards you. Okay, the |
|
| 14:21 | channel is the right angle, If could show these ideally it turns, |
|
| 14:27 | , so the channels, I here, I agree. Now some |
|
| 14:37 | these are best place can be pretty . Okay. Um and they can |
|
| 14:44 | uh just give an example. Here's here and one of the questions is |
|
| 14:52 | you predict how big they are maybe the thickness? That'd be nice because |
|
| 14:58 | can drill and get a thickness, you'd like to know how big sand |
|
| 15:05 | is. So this particular study looks that question about how laterally extensive it |
|
| 15:15 | and looks at the relationship between um thickness and love Leveque said it's kind |
|
| 15:26 | like this, so not the greatest it does give you a sense of |
|
| 15:39 | geometry of these things and they can up to several kilometers. Why you |
|
| 15:50 | all be with the thinning and other . Okay. Now why is that |
|
| 15:58 | ? Well, this is actually an field isolated from everything else by the |
|
| 16:08 | . Ok, so essentially it's kind like this blood levy while Here are |
|
| 16:19 | crevasse plays, here's the river and this is and this is is salt |
|
| 16:30 | . So the Professor place well being and that gives you they started their |
|
| 16:41 | . So the canvas place and this are using our uh our locally |
|
| 16:50 | Okay, uh skip this. actually this is the beginning of looking |
|
| 16:57 | what's happening on the floodplain because it up. It gets wet and dries |
|
| 17:02 | . So you get vegetation, you mud cracks, you get burrows and |
|
| 17:08 | uh here you get red beds, soils. Um You can actually see |
|
| 17:15 | mud cracks here. The more information you can even send mud chips at |
|
| 17:22 | . And sometimes mud cracks um in . Uh huh. You get it |
|
| 17:29 | in arid conditions. You're going to red beds and colucci beds. Uh |
|
| 17:36 | can actually see some mud cracks in . Mhm. You get rhizomes, |
|
| 17:48 | route traces in soils, footprints, the variety of features that are associated |
|
| 18:01 | what is in essence the seat. . Now, when we look at |
|
| 18:10 | complexity of this, it might help think about something more idealized. So |
|
| 18:20 | want you bitch the memory. Think them as brain size. So think |
|
| 18:31 | where each of these micro. So we have see that they are signing |
|
| 18:43 | their sacred. So Notice there's 20 or sometimes like what? This is |
|
| 18:54 | shop space finally on March. Sorry . You've got individuals Now here we've |
|
| 19:04 | Bannon Jansa. So you've got the of the channel at some point did |
|
| 19:10 | in this particular example. Sharp. for Jason going to be pretty much |
|
| 19:21 | fine grain few spikes. Something Now here we've got left. Now this |
|
| 19:31 | me here. This is the flood here shows it's forcing up this since |
|
| 19:38 | the recovery specialist treatment. I'm a quite There is me. You will |
|
| 19:48 | that. Yeah. Now B is private split. And so it's actually |
|
| 20:03 | by They have a bit of a here in nice diet be again. |
|
| 20:16 | , a service play spiky here. may actually be getting to the |
|
| 20:23 | Hit a little bit of fun. . But I want you to think |
|
| 20:31 | you would ideological birth secrets in the cells, especially in a battery market |
|
| 20:47 | . Now there's a lot of different proud they started it. That looked |
|
| 20:56 | single story, very safe to say like that you get in a single |
|
| 21:02 | . May she build those ethics right? She's trapped. Degraded |
|
| 21:15 | Forget, but basically the engine. we've got battle speak up. Hey |
|
| 21:27 | , levies the vast channels. I'm , a canvas place channels and |
|
| 21:36 | We put them together and then bill and bigger thanks until we got our |
|
| 21:44 | . Now this is just to remind to remind you that story is basically |
|
| 21:49 | migration of a single channel. That's sickness. Think that's it. |
|
| 22:02 | What do you get this basically you the various types of great channels |
|
| 22:10 | Floodplain till that was really convert moral about building a package until finally we |
|
| 22:19 | camel belts and flood like that B that. The entry embracing. |
|
| 22:31 | Now we get from me Andrew It basically record the spirit over a |
|
| 22:42 | period of time, but at some rather changed by a wall, but |
|
| 22:49 | bed. So then we had a Yeah. And so one of the |
|
| 22:58 | is what precipitates this cheap. It be any number of things something happens |
|
| 23:07 | to make a shit. And one the changes that have is if they |
|
| 23:14 | a best splay. Mhm. That rose and the Eskimos best impatient |
|
| 23:26 | change. So that's one of the and what way active back. It |
|
| 23:37 | of looks like this. You've got best place for some reason. Here |
|
| 23:41 | have your vast ways. The Yes. Next, pretty easy. |
|
| 23:50 | now we're beginning to and more and water. Absolutely. Chief, we |
|
| 23:59 | actually watch that of her. This a complicated diagram but this is |
|
| 24:08 | this is in a distributed system and crevasse play is now beginning to take |
|
| 24:17 | this station. So the article keys what lessons you will see is that |
|
| 24:25 | are layers, different time slices if want from Lance. And it so |
|
| 24:36 | we're looking at is early so what we'll see Yes. That what did |
|
| 24:47 | feel? It begins to school. this occurred Really about 10 years. |
|
| 24:59 | you can actually by looking at successive and images do the same thing we |
|
| 25:04 | in size, looking at times. in the case of the process, |
|
| 25:14 | I mentioned earlier. This is Mr , this is the process for there's |
|
| 25:22 | older generation. So here are, I, 2nd 3rd of the |
|
| 25:36 | once you create was the man belt the processor From about 4000 1000 |
|
| 25:44 | Then it shifted someplace north of Sicily has been coming down the west side |
|
| 25:48 | the last 1000 years. So what could envision is something that looked like |
|
| 25:58 | . Um Here is one meander here's another meander belt and another and |
|
| 26:16 | is the try the try to Yeah. Now this particular pattern is |
|
| 26:26 | we would call compensation will stack. this down here was a high relative |
|
| 26:36 | the low here when it's shifted, came to here 4000 years later, |
|
| 26:43 | the high shifted came down to That's a pretty common way of getting |
|
| 26:53 | uh stacking package but all these are or less at the present high Stancil |
|
| 27:02 | and they're still confined within val so going to be little if any differentiation |
|
| 27:11 | these three mandarins, that's not quite . Uh They're likely to be more |
|
| 27:22 | mhm This, but there's still going be a lot of connectivity. True |
|
| 27:37 | when we get into the cozy until most recent of all Children are |
|
| 27:45 | Yeah. Um it looks like it's progressive. This could be due to |
|
| 27:53 | tilting uh at least seems to be way, wow. But the way |
|
| 28:02 | which the vertical christian occurs at some of a part was controlling the |
|
| 28:11 | Now in the case of the there wasn't much substance. Okay, |
|
| 28:17 | here let's look at some texas examples there is subsidence, but it's really |
|
| 28:24 | related to underlying salt. Uh, got some salt basics in texas. |
|
| 28:35 | they're thicker here, thinner here, is the same Marcus arch. Now |
|
| 28:44 | the rivers are flowing in in this clients, you may recall that the |
|
| 29:02 | up left is going on in the and there's a progressive tilting is going |
|
| 29:09 | in. So the terraces are getting and higher as we go inland and |
|
| 29:16 | getting more and more tilt. So not a surprise that when we do |
|
| 29:25 | , Oh that some of the units coarser than others and more resistant than |
|
| 29:43 | . So we get a bit of question like topography on some of |
|
| 29:47 | The Oakville Scarlett is one of that's Miocene age, of course sir, |
|
| 29:53 | injury reports area. Okay, now happens is those tend to form little |
|
| 30:03 | and the drain is just diverted around through an exit point. Once they |
|
| 30:14 | past this exit point, they're free spread around. This is actually a |
|
| 30:25 | of distribute bluegill system, but these that extend beyond that point or cold |
|
| 30:37 | bases there outside enter parts basically. , other rivers have been beheaded to |
|
| 30:48 | little roots. So if we were look at the Brazos in colorado, |
|
| 30:54 | example, big extra vocational rivers going the way up to the pan handling |
|
| 30:59 | Mexico, Their little rivers, like seminar, the santa santa that are |
|
| 31:06 | routes that are coming in in between big rooms. So what we |
|
| 31:16 | we see these big rivers being preferentially or deposit really and preserved in the |
|
| 31:29 | basis and not much as just little in the same market. So the |
|
| 31:38 | salt tectonics is affecting the rivers her . And in fact the Colorado River |
|
| 31:45 | a Wilcox precursor. There's been a River for the last 40 million years |
|
| 31:56 | more. That's not the same river , but it's occupying more or less |
|
| 32:01 | same spot. You can't uh, is another example of what I'd like |
|
| 32:08 | to read but not so much pay to is just another example of looking |
|
| 32:14 | this hierarchy or flu viel architectural He just repeats everything upset. But |
|
| 32:22 | useful to look at oh um, and these are just some pictures, |
|
| 32:30 | a christmas play. Yeah, there a single story channel basin, there's |
|
| 32:43 | multi storey channel waste here is a to make oh 5 10. So |
|
| 32:59 | see all these levels of packaging. , Do these, Yeah. These |
|
| 33:07 | accumulated at the equal rate of substance is syrup. Uh there there's ideally |
|
| 33:18 | is a grated, equally raided. if it's stating that gradient is designed |
|
| 33:28 | allow the sentence to black people. a subsidence is greater than as long |
|
| 33:35 | you keep up, it'll stay at great. If it's, if it's |
|
| 33:42 | , it steve, it'll still fit gradient, they probably won't create because |
|
| 33:48 | just when it steepens in Iran if increases subsided then it could actually begin |
|
| 33:57 | walk and go to play. So river will keep up with uplift and |
|
| 34:08 | keep up with subsided until such point its accretion rate can't match subsides rate |
|
| 34:14 | then you'll begin that want it. we figure we thought a dead load |
|
| 34:30 | the greatest treats what next world a this story separate lives. It's suspended |
|
| 34:43 | that he done it. That's what want. Mm Okay. Yes, |
|
| 34:52 | that's not a very realistic way of at things because the reality is it's |
|
| 34:58 | a whole lot of different packages in multistoried channel belts democratic from single |
|
| 35:10 | Politics story lots of different shapes, general being thicknesses built with. In |
|
| 35:20 | a lot of them. The concern can we predict criminal vertical section? |
|
| 35:29 | how wide this thing is that comes important. We start talking about correlating |
|
| 35:35 | . You can So what's controlling this hand? Thank migration. Federal migration |
|
| 35:43 | appreciated. That's really pretty simple. ? Um here we got vertical oppression |
|
| 35:51 | fixed channel here we have no The work oppression. Right? Thanks |
|
| 35:59 | science child. My hurt you. the other thing is reoccupation and channel |
|
| 36:07 | . Oh yeah, so down here out you will hear hear Yeah it's |
|
| 36:21 | , it's really incredible just at ST it's easier And this is a two |
|
| 36:33 | Diagram trying to deal with 30 or . Uh huh. So it's easier |
|
| 36:39 | look at this where again, the migration channels and the channel of |
|
| 36:56 | what we're doing is we're having more applications. Oh and so as a |
|
| 37:06 | it allows us to think about he's tax and how wide they might |
|
| 37:17 | You might be interested in that because might want to cooperate. So this |
|
| 37:22 | a study dot uh huh And we slow and this was the original |
|
| 37:32 | The problem is that that means that got these channel bells, tens of |
|
| 37:37 | ball get a relatively narrow Let me . That may not be a good |
|
| 37:44 | because when you start looking at first things then stay. Uh thank |
|
| 37:57 | a firm generation. But yeah, to be angry. Great. Into |
|
| 38:08 | hair, discrete packages. And what was found out. These are the |
|
| 38:20 | . These are second buys. It just too much. And then that |
|
| 38:24 | verified when you started to pressure So the ability to correlate not only |
|
| 38:31 | on thinking about timelines, but in case thinking about with the second |
|
| 38:37 | Yeah. When they reach more what additional information do they use, |
|
| 38:45 | they figure out that child that's brought what? Well the first thing was |
|
| 38:53 | find the channels, this things, tends to be about this one to |
|
| 39:01 | and what's the same, but it me. And because that was the |
|
| 39:06 | one. Then the second and notice the theater channel is known as what |
|
| 39:13 | change or what? Oh Here uh looks like there's some overlap or maybe |
|
| 39:21 | a 10 uh turns out major mountain they did that impression. Uh this |
|
| 39:32 | uh okay. Remember I said that transition from Yemen and a great it |
|
| 39:44 | be nothing more than increasing. It also be looking discharge for some |
|
| 39:54 | I pledge to. Yeah. So see this being a system. We |
|
| 40:04 | braiding uh with deepness in this So now everyone say what would the |
|
| 40:11 | elements be, be different And then the android system. Uh and one |
|
| 40:17 | the main thing is we got multiple . So you and the internet have |
|
| 40:21 | ball and the mid shower bars tend migrate downstream in the simplest of midtown |
|
| 40:31 | . The simple translation basically. Now can also grow with translation expense and |
|
| 40:45 | also grow difference in this charge. three different ways that you can imagine |
|
| 40:52 | sale, they can talk wrong just string without changing with downstream expansion or |
|
| 41:04 | great estimate one. Mhm channel losing just arrived. So what we didn't |
|
| 41:15 | like. No, the kids And here we are migration is standing |
|
| 41:28 | here. The name of greater extent here in the cross section we've got |
|
| 41:37 | here channel here notices laughing with the because it taken apart, which is |
|
| 41:46 | single what take that apart. You simple or composite. This is beginning |
|
| 41:57 | itself. It really isn't. it's just this is more of a |
|
| 42:04 | planter. But the channel on our . But a lot of the fundamental |
|
| 42:11 | change. You're looking at flight packages downstream. Thank you. I like |
|
| 42:24 | scroll bars on, you're looking at on screen to preach. Yeah, |
|
| 42:35 | . Yeah. Now in some cases got oppression going on the upstream bank |
|
| 42:47 | . We might have some migration there then not uncommonly you get crossed off |
|
| 42:55 | crossbar is shelling Children some great work . Split two books and again, |
|
| 43:02 | typical greatest troops. Yeah. At point you're cross section against the |
|
| 43:13 | So here it's this bill. Breaking strength. So we tend to |
|
| 43:24 | up these mid channel bars into longitudinal transport. And this is an |
|
| 43:32 | Once in the bar, this is example of transbourse bar. A local |
|
| 43:43 | . There are different names. So look at the problem. Yeah, |
|
| 43:51 | is typical of particularly larger most It's a big group. Okay, |
|
| 44:03 | there are multiple channels in here. if you look at one area, |
|
| 44:08 | see that there are several of these that what now if we took one |
|
| 44:17 | cars. Yeah, we could kind split it up. We could say |
|
| 44:25 | example, there's a channel here channel is a cross chance here here. |
|
| 44:38 | we began to see what they Yeah, 1st, 2nd and 3rd |
|
| 44:45 | chance. First, second, Okay. So they're progressively smaller chance |
|
| 45:05 | are cutting the bar more or less at. Okay. Now, |
|
| 45:14 | Yeah. When we look at the and brahmaputra, if we look at |
|
| 45:22 | area up in here, here's the brahmaputra. This is the old bumper |
|
| 45:33 | that used to be the main so shifted and now the main river |
|
| 45:42 | impaired problem. Which is here like the coast, the fan, you've |
|
| 45:53 | The old one ft or made it old volunteer teacher. You cut off |
|
| 46:00 | discharge, You haven't changed the So it's gone back to the angry |
|
| 46:10 | . Now, when we look at longitudinal bars, one of things we |
|
| 46:17 | is that there's slow convergence just downstream the ball. When that happens, |
|
| 46:23 | a scallop it and those slow convergence gonna can occur where there's tributaries or |
|
| 46:30 | where there's our convergence. And it cause a significant scout below what would |
|
| 46:36 | the normal thought. Mhm. With , there's deposition with deposition, there's |
|
| 46:50 | . So the convergence creates a scour creates a down, that creates another |
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| 46:59 | urges. Now, at this the channels are more or less |
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| 47:08 | It's rare. The channels would always so at some point there's likely to |
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| 47:14 | one channel that becomes dominant and that then extends off like this. So |
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| 47:22 | gives you An S. Symmetrical Rich one. Now this is common in |
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| 47:32 | extremes but it's also not uncommon in Andrew extremes that are kind of borderline |
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| 47:39 | we get some mid channel barks. this is the trinity. Uh |
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| 47:47 | Classic meandering river. But it's got lot of these mid channel borders and |
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| 47:57 | think you can see now this channel dominant, this is being diverted |
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| 48:11 | this channel has become totally dominant leaving this little river. Yeah. Now |
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| 48:20 | other thing that you can see is this is this is a deep |
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| 48:28 | Okay, yet we can only trench uppermost part Mean channel depths about five |
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| 48:38 | . maximum channel. That's 40 This includes some of that divergent or |
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| 48:45 | scour pits. So we know there's impression. You can see that in |
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| 48:54 | , but we didn't know until he doing cpr this Audi some of the |
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| 49:05 | , this is the first hour. here this thing is 86 with while |
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| 49:19 | . So there's a lot of things here. If we didn't realize the |
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| 49:28 | until we could get deeper down Is that downstream? Very shell greatest |
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| 49:37 | . Now imagine that being eight Very steep. Great Street. So |
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| 49:42 | do we do that we begin to the base. The great honour |
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| 49:48 | And we can see for margin deposits . You can also seek downstream, |
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| 49:56 | deposits. Music app straight up straight and then creating a street. |
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| 50:07 | triple you get some cross channel So now our friend she's so this |
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| 50:16 | Haley rooms a much larger cost there's long margin voters such size and our |
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| 50:31 | of you upstream appreciate. So there's variety of species within this single longitudinal |
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| 50:43 | . Here's another Yes, eight m . This is in Argentina. Again |
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| 50:54 | have a very great honor infections including migrating species. There are some common |
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| 51:03 | this is some of the local jesus amazon ra. Yeah, she |
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| 51:18 | serious. Six. When they look those stairs I realize that these aren't |
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| 51:33 | surprised some little babies but as they bigger and bigger they are migrating. |
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| 51:46 | is the beginning rather. Okay, was a non script. Uh rather |
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| 51:57 | all the votes that are an awful like the only involved here's our reactivation |
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| 52:13 | , Here's an eight m 6 I force it there's no surprise that |
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| 52:21 | some cases there's initial are you for . Now one of things I mentioned |
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| 52:29 | bars and unlike deeds they scale with whip wider against uh large and by |
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| 52:40 | time we get down to here we into things that are more like transbourse |
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| 52:44 | , these are the longitudinal waters and the plant and you notice that some |
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| 52:56 | them are vegetated state with that woman we go down straight leaderboard trans personal |
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| 53:06 | fact if we look at that donation mainly launched in the bars and horse |
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| 53:13 | of the car, mainly transverse You know what that is showing is |
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| 53:24 | increase. It started increasing. Princess just a downstream change this texture. |
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| 53:36 | we also see is that we tend get the longitudinal bars in the course |
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| 53:46 | set so coarse grains, longitude versus when transfers. And the other thing |
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| 54:00 | see is that where else we're going do a border intended horizontal vetted. |
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| 54:07 | transfers tend to have plaintiff construct or . These four is only and it |
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| 54:16 | to our typical gravel bars and are included. So we understand the bar |
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| 54:26 | gravelly understanding bar in a a plan out most stick movie probably hard on |
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| 54:34 | ship. The longitudinal bars in the to the Argentinian river. They're saying |
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| 54:49 | still lunch to the bar. That's different storm. So this is your |
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| 54:53 | shell water uh faces change this comes it deep. And so that's one |
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| 55:03 | the big differences. We tend to of the extremes as being relatively |
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| 55:07 | The wife some of them all really deep. And now this is just |
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| 55:17 | example of it happened reactivation services but say love stage by stage you get |
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| 55:27 | surface. Yeah let's go back to . There's a first, 2nd 3rd |
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| 55:37 | channels your life compared to this is actually a pretty good model for a |
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| 55:46 | of greatest dreams. Here is the with the channel being on either |
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| 55:59 | Here is a cross the ball. a second order chant. Okay, |
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| 56:06 | that's the first thing we see. see it far. Oh with the |
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| 56:10 | champ. Now, if we look the downstream side here we see coarse |
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| 56:19 | rating into 10 or cents. And this is is a transition from high |
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| 56:32 | to intermediate flow. This bar is down. Mhm. It's very |
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| 56:40 | We get plane beds and organ. our cross border. So now we've |
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| 56:51 | series of sedimentary fishies that are tied a channel cutting across your channel. |
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| 57:03 | this could be a small bar like plaque. But it can also be |
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| 57:10 | larger bar as it could be a bar more trans verse in the plat |
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| 57:18 | it could be a larger ball like launch. Turn the bars of |
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| 57:23 | The difference here is escaped. well this is remind me that it's |
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| 57:33 | for you reconstruct these channels from the poles. Not quite sure why it's |
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| 57:40 | so scared. So here's this bar big but it looks very similar to |
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| 57:48 | I showed to slides. So it's a a waning flow of the |
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| 58:00 | Here's another, you know, here's that laterally a greeting flow where |
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| 58:11 | got the difference. Now, I that was the reason I wanted to |
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| 58:20 | this, but I can't burglar this it has to do with multi channel |
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| 58:24 | I think I'll skip that cut most these here is the multi channel sense |
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| 58:41 | . This is in big death. you look at the channel bass, |
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| 58:46 | is what you got. Okay. one of the reasons why sometimes you'll |
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| 58:56 | an sp that looks like it's finer at the base of the channel is |
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| 59:03 | you've got flood basin deposits. Are grounds? So this actually this little |
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| 59:11 | code here our mud boulders now is grade up, begin to get some |
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| 59:20 | their downstream recreating. We've seen those , but we also get you look |
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| 59:25 | the face, we get solved. , so we've got a good idea |
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| 59:37 | where what this bar system is at at the base and short stories. |
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| 59:43 | turns out to be a great Here's a single story finding upwards and |
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| 59:55 | a series of crevasse blooms now I . Yeah, I didn't, I |
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| 60:03 | to cut these, that's why it help us much. So let's |
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| 60:07 | We're almost through with braided streams here our channels, across channels and sand |
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| 60:19 | and here is the downstream creating bar smaller bars to Britain's too much. |
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| 60:30 | , so that's what you'd expect, in a notice one. Meat. |
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| 60:35 | would be a small braided stream was stream right here for salmon and it |
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| 60:43 | like this, we've seen this before . We looked at this and so |
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| 60:48 | likely this is the bar, These finer bars again, migrating gas |
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| 60:58 | These are the ripples and this is month. Yeah, we've got a |
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| 61:08 | good idea for what that stream at looks what now. If you get |
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| 61:17 | a larger but still shallow braided we get some unit bars that are |
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| 61:28 | longer here. Here are some of belong here and long here. When |
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| 61:39 | look at those uh these things extend hundreds of meters even though they're just |
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| 61:46 | or too high. In fact, you look at this here, you |
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| 61:53 | that with the exception of a couple little breaks, it's really rather laterally |
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| 61:59 | . We're not saying flattery it's downstream can change now you can break it |
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| 62:05 | . There are the reactivation surfaces in , but this is a long live |
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| 62:14 | extending for hundreds of meters down strength , it might look something like this |
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| 62:23 | a big bar. Mhm tail, even a little scour pit here and |
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| 62:30 | rebels. Hey, I've got a shot at this in a moment. |
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| 62:34 | skip these. This is just So let's, let's see if we |
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| 62:40 | figure out things that are in The base of this channel, like |
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| 62:45 | others is 1/5 order surface with trough stratified grounds upstream in cross street. |
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| 62:56 | then we have build ups of bars inner channel process. Now the build |
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| 63:10 | here, it's going to be mainly downstream recruiting ball. We're going to |
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| 63:18 | a few cross borders here, Same here, worsening of things. I'm |
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| 63:25 | out finding of course. So what get is our finding upwards in channel |
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| 63:40 | cross bar in SAN flat or in bar cross flat and over here in |
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| 63:52 | channel itself, it eventually will fill of course green deposits. So we've |
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| 64:09 | absolutely downstream of creating and cross stream down slow down slow death. So |
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| 64:20 | that bar again, a little different and we see just different ways that |
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| 64:26 | can be downstream recruiting and as this does not have across channels, if |
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| 64:34 | did, it would cut across here this particular bar goes dry. So |
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| 64:42 | is an ephemeral street. Okay, are for any stream still brady but |
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| 64:50 | anything. So what Galloway tried to is try to figure out is there |
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| 65:00 | diagram I can do match at The first thing he said was launched |
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| 65:04 | to the bars. Well, a of here's the bottom gravel more or |
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| 65:13 | parallel graveled to downstream, creating Here's the trans first ball channel downstream |
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| 65:29 | creating checked maybe with the crosstalk. you. Now they don't typically occur |
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| 65:37 | the same place. So when problems is thinking about, would you find |
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| 65:42 | next to each other? Probably Okay, but this is a pretty |
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| 65:51 | representation of the transfers ball and looks much like what we would see |
|
| 66:03 | That is variations on the faith. I'm not going to ask you to |
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| 66:13 | me a model of it rated It's too complicated. There's too many |
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| 66:23 | , but I want you to think how you would, what makes them |
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| 66:33 | things like the downstream migration, the chance and how that in general you |
|
| 66:45 | think of who's doing this way, like that with respect to the downstream |
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| 67:12 | and maybe over here some upstream in on is it a deep perennial channel |
|
| 67:20 | very shallow ephemeral channel? We get mud groups. We used to assume |
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| 67:28 | braided streams were characterized by mud drinks the ones we looked at were mainly |
|
| 67:35 | shallow ephemeral shouts. But you don't as much of the mud drapes at |
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| 67:42 | lower down unless there's pools. So you'll have pool that it settles down |
|
| 67:50 | , but most of it doesn't get . You'll have mud rates on the |
|
| 67:56 | , Maybe a cool on the but you're not going to get those |
|
| 68:01 | jerks, you know, in the . Yeah, just another example. |
|
| 68:09 | let me in this part. kind of finish up this thought with |
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| 68:20 | fills. There's a lot about valley and I'll talk more about it when |
|
| 68:23 | talk about estuary, but one of keys here is, is it stable |
|
| 68:32 | is, Do you have lateral But not much vertical migration. Do |
|
| 68:39 | have ladder migration and vertical migration? it basically is about the same in |
|
| 68:47 | of the river width continues throughout the field or he calls this an under |
|
| 68:54 | channel. I don't know. That's true. What he says is |
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| 68:58 | that the knee and er belt with not the same as the valley |
|
| 69:04 | And that goes back to this. can tie each of those two something |
|
| 69:11 | this channel in this figure here. , now, in all cases |
|
| 69:16 | they're they're talking about a confined valley . So the next question is, |
|
| 69:24 | happens when it fills this out? the short answer is it spreads |
|
| 69:31 | it spreads out. It may be or may just be random emotions, |
|
| 69:38 | you no longer are confined within that belt when you're in that narrow |
|
| 69:46 | one of the things we find surprisingly that a lot of the margins are |
|
| 69:52 | abandoned channel filled. So the edge your valley field will actually be these |
|
| 70:02 | channels. Now, one of the that Bhattacharya will bring up is that |
|
| 70:11 | example here, which was originally thought be a distributor channel. But when |
|
| 70:18 | look at it more closely, you that it's too thick to be a |
|
| 70:23 | . Every channel, it turns out channels here Or maybe nine m 6 |
|
| 70:30 | channel, Let's 32, 450. , so we basically had superimposed channels |
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| 70:42 | this valley field that were like it completely swept across this narrow |
|
| 70:54 | Now, if you're thinking in terms sequence photography again, think of the |
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| 71:00 | filling up and then depending on where are spelling old. And so here |
|
| 71:07 | have valley forms, We love stand we might actually have filled. We're |
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| 71:18 | influenced by the time we get all way up here, we actually have |
|
| 71:25 | much wider spread channels. I'll skip 3 35. Okay, I'm going |
|
| 71:40 | quit here for right. We're going talk about reservoir studies for Louisville |
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| 71:46 | Okay, so let's take a 10 break. It's uh, 3:35, |
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| 71:53 | back |
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