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GEOL6381/4382 Introduction to Petroleum Geology - Van-1
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00:00 what? And then I'm going to to pull up, okay? Probably
00:10 to share the screen first. I think. Right. If you
00:29 . Okay. Normally, I um, Google meetings. So,
00:33 , everybody let me know if you see the slide. You ever
00:44 Okay, Now I've lost all my controls. I guess the recorders on
00:49 , there they are. Okay. , uh, we're virtual this
00:58 How do you folks feel about being ? Um, I think in some
01:03 it's convenient for a lot of but I think the university is is
01:11 to get more face to face But with the rate of covert up
01:15 the way it is right now, lot of folks are Yeah. Hang
01:22 . I got a faculty meeting that popped up on my other computer.
01:28 , yeah, yeah. Who Yeah. Yeah. And it's not
01:42 . Uh huh. Yeah, I I got rid of it.
01:53 Okay. Thank you for getting me of faculty meeting. Uh huh.
02:00 , um, as I was you know, it seems like everybody
02:04 to be adapting really well to virtual , and people are doing a lot
02:08 . I think with them than we thought we would do. I,
02:14 okay, this thing keeps popping I'm gonna have Thio. Microsoft teams
02:29 a nuisance, and I'm trying Thio to get rid of it.
02:48 well, I think I'm just gonna my computer off. Okay, Hopefully
02:58 did it anyway, for spring, looks like we're gonna be scheduling for
03:05 , um, virtual classes again. anybody have a problem with that
03:12 Don't be shy about it. They the conveniences, and chances are it
03:18 it really easy toe like work around schedule and stuff. So I have
03:21 get anywhere. But other than uh, in the campus yet,
03:28 , I kind of I really enjoyed time. I like seeing people,
03:33 and we're gonna have, ah, exercise that I have to figure out
03:36 we're going to do virtual, But other than that, I think we
03:41 handle it, but I think you , when people get together, I
03:45 there's a little extra magic there. I have found during this period of
03:52 , getting together with people online is as good, but it za good
03:57 best thing. I think e o real contact with people. Yeah,
04:04 course. And and And I think why we have glasses, because
04:10 uh, you know, fortunately, this synchronously like everybody's here in
04:17 it's not like trying to get defensive or something online. It's it's a
04:22 more personal. We get to see other. And, uh, I
04:27 the the chat session at the beginning classes that we had is something that's
04:31 good for everybody We were. And think it it gets people interested in
04:37 geologists in geology rather and and even , ammonites or uh or whatever they
04:44 be. And so so I think still working out now. If things
04:51 improve, we may be able to doing face to face. But it's
04:57 hard at this point in time to face to face classes because we actually
05:03 Thio have rooms that have doubled the of people that we have. In
05:09 case. That's not gonna be a , because we only have 10 students
05:12 the class and we have a classroom fits 24. So if we have
05:17 go or if we're able to go face to face and everybody wanted
05:22 I would say let's do it. , um, at this point in
05:28 , I don't think any of the are going face to face, except
05:33 a few of the undergraduate courses in spring. So I just wanna let
05:38 in on that. Another issue about semester's. Hopefully next week I'll
05:45 ah, good tentative schedule for the spring semester. And I'm gonna
05:52 up the time slots. I'm going set up what courses I think should
05:56 in those time slots. But if doesn't fit a particular professor schedule we
06:02 , we may switch the classes But we won't change the times unless
06:07 have to. So when you get tentative schedule, that should be pretty
06:12 for your planning purposes and, hopefully by if not late next
06:21 early the week after that, we'll the schedule finalized for the spring.
06:29 , um, if anybody wants to in touch with me, I know
06:34 been trying to get ahold of Joe , and we've been kind of missing
06:37 other. But But if you need get a hold of me,
06:43 um, I have my office numbers here, but I'm not going to
06:47 there, So send me an and every time I go into the
06:52 , it's kind of emptied out and , so there's not a lot going
06:58 there, but I need to get there and start doing some lab
07:01 so I'm gonna be going in every and then. So it might be
07:04 to meet on campus if if anybody to, uh, for any kind
07:10 consultation, but send me an email we can sort that out. But
07:14 think most of time we can do by email and on the phone.
07:19 , uh, if we decide to on the phone, all I need
07:24 your your phone number, and I'll call you from my cell number.
07:29 . If if we want to come campus, can we or is that
07:33 , what's the deal with that? , you can go to campus,
07:35 I think I'm pretty sure the library open, but you have to check
07:40 ours and, uh And when uh, four. I think when
07:48 get to class is we're not gonna any this semester with computers. But
07:53 we we get to a class that , uh, the computer lab,
07:58 think we can accommodate that, in the spring and fall. Excuse
08:05 . The spring in the summer we did, ah, computer class
08:10 and we were able to get everybody access, which is something we don't
08:14 do with a lot of our because it's proprietary, and we don't
08:19 people using it for consulting and that of thing. But for the
08:23 we were able to do that for Basin modeling course that was taught,
08:27 believe in the summer, and we're have been in the spring. So
08:32 , that that worked out really well the spring. And so we'll be
08:38 to handle that. And that's the reason to come in, Uh,
08:42 again, with the logging exercise and the mapping exercise, I'm gonna have
08:46 dio It would help if we were it hands on. But I'll try
08:52 figure out a way Thio to compensate that online and try to give you
08:57 each back up information as I can show you things here from from my
09:05 my home office. Uh, by holding things up like this in front
09:11 the screen and hopefully you'll be able see something, but a lot of
09:15 will be, um, it'll be slide so that you can see it
09:18 clearly. Okay. Okay. so here is basically what I put
09:31 , So I'm glad everybody wants to . Um, Let's see if I
09:41 do something else so I can read screen. Okay. So were by
09:48 large gonna have ah lot of 10 breaks, I think, uh,
09:53 though we have these long class times especially because we have these long class
09:58 , I think it's really important that take breaks and pause every now and
10:04 eso that people don't get real tired whatnot, and you've probably been doing
10:10 already, but we're gonna probably have . And maybe in some cases that
10:13 have a long lecture, will have 15 minute break, and then around
10:19 will probably have a 45 minute break we're on campus. That usually ends
10:23 being an hour because it's very Thio, go somewhere, get lunch
10:28 come back in less than an But I think we can do 45
10:33 breaks. And if we finished class minutes early because of that, like
10:39 4 45 instead of five PM, be fine, too. The schedule
10:44 the exam is on Wednesday, 68 . M. And that's,
10:50 the Wednesday before Thanksgiving, and that's the schedule. But if if you
10:55 want to move it, let me because we're doing it online and the
10:59 I'm going to do the online exam least the way I think I'm going
11:03 do it right now, it would really good if everybody can take it
11:07 the same time. But other than , um, you know, we
11:15 could have a few people taking it times. And if somebody can't make
11:20 on the scheduled time, for if we all decided to do
11:25 but somebody can't do it Tuesday, , I would prefer that,
11:31 if one or two people want to it a different time we would do
11:34 a day earlier than a day And the reason being is because a
11:40 tas I trust all of you and always assume that we've got a bunch
11:46 ana students. One of the things I know for sure is that if
11:52 are being competitive, ah, and take the test early, they're not
11:57 to tell the rest of the class was on the test, because it
12:01 really hurt them, because all the , they're gonna be curved.
12:06 uh, don't ask me what the is because I don't know, until
12:09 have the grades. You can't. can't justify a curve until you actually
12:14 the data. So So anyway, how I'd like to see it.
12:21 if, for example, the class we're going to do this on Tuesday
12:24 somebody can't do it Tuesday, then would be good if you could do
12:28 on the Monday uh, if that sense to you and then, um
12:33 then that way there's less chance uh, anybody considering helping out the
12:40 of the class when they've when they been able. Thio get advantage of
12:46 about the test ahead of time which, by the way, I
12:50 academic dishonesty. Thanks. Okay, next slide. Okay. Um
13:04 So this is what we're gonna be primarily the first week. And,
13:11 , one of things, uh, noticed was normally I have the books
13:16 on my schedule, and for some , it wasn't there. So I
13:19 told you anything about books yet. there is a good book that's a
13:24 companion to this course. You don't it, but it's a book that's
13:30 reading whether you use it for the or not. And I'll go over
13:36 chapters in that book relate to which . And if you get it,
13:43 , I think it might be hard get new, because, unfortunately,
13:48 second edition, this thing came out , uh, 22,000 and four,
13:55 I actually got it in 2000 and because I knew the authors. But
14:00 second edition is coming out momentarily, they say these days, and I
14:07 know exactly when momentarily is going to , But because of that, if
14:12 get a text book, you might to buy a used one on Amazon
14:17 in some cases you may be able get in the library and actually find
14:21 pdf that you can use for a amount of time. Eso you might
14:25 to try that. I know the library carries that book and in the
14:32 , the number of students and checked out. I think they have more
14:35 one copy, but But it It is worthwhile book, and I'll
14:39 to that a little while and then go over these other things. Then
14:43 going to talk about petroleum is a . And, uh, of
14:49 I have a lot of students, , that are really interested in
14:55 and it's important. And of the reason for this is that
15:01 if, uh if we're all gonna looking for oil and gas, we
15:06 to have a good handle on something the economics associated with it supply and
15:13 controls and all sorts of things, I haven't put this on the syllabus
15:19 I'm going to show you, but , uh, early next week,
15:24 send you a short assignment. Thio evaluate an aspect of of some of
15:32 narratives that we're hearing in the news days about oil and gas in the
15:37 of oil and gas and that sort thing. But I'm going to go
15:41 the lecture and not mention it, when I asked you to do this
15:47 gonna be like a three page right were you evaluate a couple of aspects
15:54 , uh, and it za first I've done this, but I
15:58 really would like to upfront, see an example of of our graduate
16:06 trying to look at data and come with some sort of conclusion by looking
16:10 the data and not not looking at people's narratives but actually looking at the
16:16 and saying this is what I just or Amer or Sarah or a Geraldine
16:24 whomever. This is what I think on what I'm looking at. And
16:29 something that I think would be really good exercise to start out
16:32 It will be a five point Okay, so So that's gonna be
16:38 we do after the introduction. Then gonna talk about a number of terms
16:42 the oil industry and many of you in it. I think all of
16:46 do, actually. So you're gonna most of this stuff, but it's
16:51 good. Thio lay down some ground , make sure we're all calling things
16:56 much the same thing. And if , maybe that will help Sort it
17:01 . And I'm gonna go into this of the value chain. This is
17:08 that people hammered a lot, in the the turn of this
17:16 And, uh, and some uh, spend a lot of time
17:22 things best practices, and I think still call it best practices. But
17:27 , what this is about is looking the various stages of Of what we
17:34 is geoscientists as we go from the remote thoughts about producing a reservoir to
17:44 broad scale to the finest scale in detail, things that we look at
17:49 we're trying to enhance production. And kind of what that's about. So
17:55 kind of think of petroleum. Geology being all about the reservoir in the
18:01 that contribute to that reservoir, but same time we spend a lot of
18:07 and money, trying to figure things at different stages in the process of
18:12 developing and producing that reservoir. And kind of what the value chains all
18:17 . Next thing we're going to do look at some specific properties of Reservoir
18:24 . Of course, this is sort like, uh, more or
18:27 what is it about sedimentary geology that it important in petroleum geology? And
18:36 pretty much what that's about. And , uh, then we're gonna look
18:40 basins and structure in a really broad and more or less how strata graphic
18:48 structural architecture er in a basin impact types of reservoir resource is we should
18:57 looking for in the types of configurations the traps might be in these different
19:02 and how, how it say 100,000 . We can actually get an idea
19:08 what we should be looking for when actually get down on the ground and
19:12 drilling wells and running our seismic lines that sort of thing. So it's
19:17 of a perspective. Uh, that be, ah, more where you
19:23 . A frontier expiration and expiration as opposed to more or less concerned
19:30 production or appraisal. But when we're the praise will face all of these
19:34 come together. Uh huh. Okay. The second week way may
19:46 get to basins and structure tomorrow, but we could. And if we
19:50 , we will, and we might get through it. Then after
19:54 we'll start looking very not all the tools, because I think if I
20:02 , there's probably some new ones this I've never heard of before. It
20:06 changing, but we're gonna look at lot of the basic logging tools that
20:10 , especially geologists, used to actually out what's going on and get these
20:17 point references on permeability, ferocity, lift, theology and all sorts of
20:24 without actually having a core. And there's a number of other significant tools
20:31 you'll have in the future. Some you that air from later cohorts.
20:36 may have already gone through a lot this. Some of you have already
20:39 petro physics, and you've looked at in detail. But basically we're going
20:44 be looking at this in terms of can we look at logs really quickly
20:49 of a rapid look rapid scan and out what I have in a well
20:55 where I can go go from there get other things. And we're looking
20:58 some of the geophysical tools and, , and that sort of thing.
21:02 then at the end of the when we're looking at a good sweet
21:07 logs, like, say, a and resistive ity and maybe some process
21:13 logs, we do a thing called . So we're gonna have a correlation
21:19 . And you see, I break up into two. Uh, to
21:25 is one is without by a strata control, and one is with
21:30 I think this time we're just going do it once we're gonna have the
21:33 Tragic graphic control upfront, Thio More less help. You kind of get
21:40 aligned a little bit better up I find that it's a t least
21:47 me. It seems educational for students try to correlate using the left Cholla
21:54 and and the various logs sweets that have to correlate before they actually see
22:00 the bio strata graphic data can do help. But I think,
22:06 to save a lot of extra time everything will just do this one time
22:10 all the data instead of not any the data. Now, when normally
22:16 people do correlation exercises and I see of them in textbooks and lot of
22:25 they have one Well, ah, put different depths on it and they
22:32 them five different wells and you correlate wells that look exactly alike. And
22:37 my perspective, that teaches you absolutely . So I have real logs that
22:44 call the logs from hell. that are correlated ble. But they're
22:50 easily correlate herbal, and, and again, the bio Strat data
22:55 help. You kind of get things line up front, But I'll give
22:59 a lot of tips as to how more people in the past used to
23:04 this in the present. Now we it on a computer and work station
23:10 at a it's really hard to get at the right scale to do real
23:15 on a computer, because it's either you get it a scale that you
23:22 to kind of slip logs and figure . You know what? Where do
23:26 2 1000 ft sections from each well together? Uh, you know,
23:31 logs air so small, you can't see much. And eso it's it's
23:36 really difficult thing to do, and know a lot of our past Students
23:42 a lot of these things that other don't do because they've learned how to
23:46 it by hand, and they've seen value of it. And so I
23:52 I hope that you will will. , it's not just busy work,
23:55 I think it's important to really see to correlate things I wanted things.
24:00 really easy to do is to get a workstation, click a bunch of
24:05 on five logs and think you have correlated. And then only to find
24:09 from somebody that actually slipped logs that your 2000 ft off on one well
24:15 150 ft off on another Well, maybe, uh, something even
24:20 And, uh, even recently, had an example where company was trying
24:25 drill a core across the Cretaceous tertiary to help us out as scientists,
24:32 I told him you know, Give three logs. I'll tell you where
24:34 ISS and, uh and I now we have three D seismic three
24:40 seismic was off by 1200 ft, when they court it, they missed
24:46 . And, uh, it doesn't all the time, But a lot
24:49 these mistakes that happen happened because we too much faith in the the simple
24:57 to analyzing thing rather than actually really toe look and understand the data.
25:02 very hard to correlate some sections unless spent some time actually looking at the
25:09 . And, uh, and I it's it's kind of hard for people
25:13 imagine that when you can look on computer screen, you can see 25
25:19 in a cross section. Uh, out of scale. You could barely
25:23 , but but it looks pretty and I can click the dots and
25:29 it correlate. But then I've got mess and and I go in and
25:33 my boss and he just starts chuckling me. So, uh, that's
25:37 of why I like like you to this. There's another thing. They're
25:42 , uh, I'm almost obsessive about . Uh, has it really?
25:47 really upsets me. One of the ways to pick a fault is with
25:53 logs, and I don't know but it's really hard to get students
25:59 days to understand that you can pick fault based on missing section in one
26:05 that's not missing in the other And to do that, though,
26:09 have to have a good correlation and I'm going to try to show you
26:14 that happens. Now again, when look, you look at the text
26:20 like the Tear Bach Tear Pack and other fellow's textbook, Uh, and
26:26 of the other ones. They always you these really simple examples. You
26:30 , if you have a beautiful sand one well in a beautiful sand and
26:34 well, and they look exactly the , almost like they were carbon copied
26:42 copied in a Xerox machine on then have a well in between and that
26:47 missing. Uh, then it's really that there's a fault in their on
26:52 sand was faulted out, But when have logs that are a little bit
26:57 difficult to copy, and they have , in fact, been copies or
27:04 of the same Well, it becomes little bit more complicated, but
27:08 you can find it and in in uh, this is going to
27:13 of tell you my age. But the in the late seventies, I
27:17 in South Marshall in 1 28 uh, I was able to pick
27:24 in a lot of places. that actually separated reservoirs. It's a
27:31 big field with probably 25 pay layers it. And, um, my
27:40 was thio to get the the perforations because the production levels were dropping off
27:46 I knew there was a lot of there. So I use my imagination
27:50 everything and learn the techniques of how find these faults. And I was
27:54 to find separate fall blocks. But that's complicating with finding faults is also
28:02 at strata. Graphic thinning is an , because strata graphic thinning can make
28:10 think there is a fault when there really a fault. And but it's
28:14 that complicated because strata graphic thinning this larger scale problem. Uh, in
28:21 is a very localized problem on your when it comes to correlation. So
28:26 really a simple thing to do. for some reason, I have a
28:29 hard time convincing everybody they could do normally. What happens in a class
28:34 10 people? Five people will There's no way you can find a
28:40 by correlating logs, and the other will go. Oh, my
28:43 This really works well, and and don't know why, but I'm gonna
28:46 to get all 10 of you to , okay? And actually, it's
28:50 a belief you can really do Okay, Um, and then,
28:56 , at the very end of the half of the second week, we'll
29:01 over sequence strata graphic applications in doing . You just had a course in
29:09 Johnny Bhattacharya is the best, and lot of times my courses,
29:14 before his course, so it becomes more relevant. So when I get
29:19 this section, I'll probably focus primarily how we use it at different phases
29:25 the value chain. Okay, the third week you're gonna have on
29:31 Friday a midterm and, uh, we have a test if I have
29:38 test in the middle of a Class of these accelerated classes, it has
29:43 be first thing on Friday because if do at any other time of the
29:48 , people are gonna lose their focus be worried about the test. So
29:52 come in on Friday. Sorry, Friday, the 13th. It just
29:56 out that way. But it, , you'll come in on Friday.
30:00 get it over with. You'll be . You'll be just really excited about
30:05 more about these other things, like exploration, exploration and exploitation appraisal.
30:12 , uh, and then we get the map mapping exercise, and then
30:16 have another lecture on on appraisal. then, uh, the fourth
30:21 which is just a Friday will do number three. Then we'll talk about
30:27 and production, and we'll also talk unconventional. Resource is now. We
30:32 have a section at the end on resource is, but I will be
30:38 , uh, you know, some the differences between looking at conventional and
30:42 as we go along through this whole of of the Value chain, because
30:48 looking at the same elements, but looking at them from different perspectives,
30:52 that's really the only difference. And know Ah, lot of people said
30:57 we started looking at unconventional, we know anything about Shales, But,
31:02 , I'll bet you when you and here took build to praise course.
31:10 , does everybody had Trajan iss de systems? Okay, maybe half of
31:17 have when you take that course, , you get into a lot of
31:24 sediment ology of de positional systems. of course, it includes Shales shells
31:32 not, something that geologists don't know and had to wait until unconventional came
31:38 before we knew anything about them. did quite often in the oil
31:45 Think of them as a group of that weren't important because we were focused
31:50 the sands. But his geologists, always been looking at the shells.
31:55 in that vein, we will be at it as we go through all
31:59 these other lectures. Uh, and then when we get to the very
32:05 lecture on unconventional resource is will spend little extra time on some of the
32:09 places where people are actually doing a of work with unconventional Resource is
32:16 here is the class book and You pronounce this glue ISS and Swarbrick
32:27 this thing is about to come out the second edition. But but the
32:32 editions of fine book it was published Blackwell. And, uh, I
32:39 know what it is about Blackwell, , um, they have captured They
32:43 a really good book on carbonates and cause and all sorts of other different
32:49 of de positional systems. And something very characteristic of all their books is
32:55 have incredible content, but they have terrible figures. And, uh,
33:02 petroleum geoscience book is no exception of . It's all it's all in black
33:08 white. They don't even have great some of the seismic lines you're trying
33:13 were in color. Originally, you to figure out what they are
33:17 I knew Louis and Swarbrick way back , and, uh, and these
33:24 were pretty good because, um, have to say that if if oil
33:32 milk, they would be able to oil in a field full of
33:39 If you get what I mean by in other words, they confined oil
33:43 nobody else can, where it doesn't exist, according to most people.
33:47 I really like the logic and flow their book. So if you could
33:51 a copy of it is worth reading and it can help you out another
33:56 reference that I would suggest that this an A P G special publication or
34:02 like that. But it's oilfield Geology Shepherd 2000 and nine. When
34:07 used to put references up for we'd we'd list out the whole
34:11 But these days you can type in things in on Google, and it'll
34:16 up and you'll see a picture of cover and everything. So I'm not
34:20 bother to put the I S, n and all that all that other
34:24 of reference stuff because it's just would my slide look a little messy.
34:32 , okay. And of course, you get the book Ah, these
34:37 the chapters that go along with the that I have the introductions. Nothing
34:43 be in the book on that. petroleum geology, petroleum in society is
34:48 one terms and concepts will be in of these chapters reservoir rocks in
34:54 basins and structure. And this is they're looking at these things at different
34:59 . I like to go through a of these basic things up front so
35:03 when we start talking about all the levels in the value chain,
35:08 people won't be, you know, about it. If I if I
35:12 here without explaining all of this, might be a hard, hard time
35:17 you. Keep track of what I'm about. Okay? For the
35:22 Uh, I'm putting here 42 30 on the final exam for 42.
35:27 points in the midterm. Uh, sure this is going to confuse everybody
35:33 then 30 points for the great Um, down here, I've decided
35:39 you're just gonna have one on age correlation. You're gonna have one on
35:44 would be the second one. And first one is gonna gonna be
35:49 um, exercise that I'm going to out next week for you.
35:54 toe, look at and consider to something up. I don't want people
35:58 stress out over it. Just you the key is gonna be having
36:03 evaluating the data and coming up with answer That's not my narrative or somebody
36:09 narrative. But it's you're evaluation of the data is really trying to tell
36:17 , and, uh, and I'll that together So it will be the
36:20 one will be, uh, petroleum a resource exercise, then agent
36:27 Ah, and excuse me, then logging exercise and agent correlation. And
36:34 you'll have a 15 point exercise or hand, you'll map a field.
36:41 as it is with geology on all , no matter how Maney wells we
36:48 , I don't know what it Even with seismic. Sometimes we have
36:51 hard time actually perfectly characterizing anything. for this exercise, what I did
36:58 I I created a three dimensional and I poked holes in it,
37:06 the holes that I poke into it us tops and bases of the
37:11 They give us well water contacts that us fault cuts and that sort of
37:17 . And the idea is that hopefully be able to map something out that
37:23 like what the ideal ized reservoir looked with the 15 or so wells that
37:33 give you that actually penetrated it. , uh, one of my students
37:39 a capstone project on this and they 2011. I think some of the
37:46 have gotten better, but he used of the top software packages at the
37:52 , and, uh, almost all them were off between 25 50% in
37:59 of what the reserves were from poking , hole in this ideal ized
38:05 It's not like, you know, a reservoir that might have had a
38:09 out section we didn't know about Might have had three extra faults we
38:13 see. This is something I know what it looks like poked holes in
38:19 , and I try to let you that reservoir and actually figure out the
38:26 of it by hand. And while doing it, I want you to
38:31 that it's been done with a number algorithms from four different ah computer of
38:42 in sweets and and they had a time getting, uh, the right
38:49 . And so hopefully you'll find this . Okay, And so basically the
38:58 of this course is to look at of the concepts in terms. And
39:01 this could be a really good first because, ah, lot of what
39:07 have in this particular course is gonna , um will be issues or things
39:13 you're gonna be looking at other Whether you're taking the geological track where
39:19 taking the geophysical track, you're taking geophysical track. Uh, this course
39:25 really important if you're in the geological . It's important because it kind of
39:31 you relevance to some of the other like Trajan Iss de positional systems
39:36 deposition all systems or carbonate sediment And the structure, of course,
39:41 you just had Now, uh, Norick is a really well experienced shell
39:47 , and he actually gets excited about of the topics I get excited
39:52 So there may be some overlap there it comes. Thio seals in traps
39:59 stuff like that. But I'm going go through my stuff because it's a
40:02 bit different perspective. But it's it's quite similar. And what kind
40:08 reinforce? Whatever it was he Okay. And, uh, and
40:16 again, because everybody is an You're gonna be familiar with a lot
40:21 this, but I'm gonna We're gonna at it when we get through a
40:24 of the tools and what we do these tools and correlation and things like
40:29 , and we start going through the chain, we'll start showing you kind
40:34 how geologists and geophysicists kind of rationalize and sort things out. We do
40:41 have these things that people have, know, sort of set plans
40:49 uh, sort of, ah, plan for everything that they want to
40:54 . And in some ways, it's of like what I would call cookbook
40:59 . And I want you to be little bit better than someone with a
41:04 workflow, but someone that can actually a geological problem or geophysical problem and
41:11 out what it is you need because kind of have an idea what that
41:15 auto look like because of the things you learn about on the upper end
41:19 the Value chain. And, and how you can sort that
41:23 Um, with the tools that you , for example, a lot of
41:27 places that I've done technology and are where geophysics doesn't always work that
41:33 And, uh and that's when you need geology. And so I'll try
41:38 bring some of those examples up uh, in the North Sea,
41:42 example, if you're working in the or even the Cretaceous, Uh,
41:48 have to get through this energy absorbing called the chalks, and that makes
41:55 in very difficult. Unless you have , uh, or ocean bottom seismic
42:02 , uh s so that you can s waves in there. You get
42:07 wave in there, not just all waves. And but having said
42:13 , Ah, lot of times when have a big resource weaken goto O
42:17 s. It's very expensive and and can resolve those problems. But an
42:23 lot gets done and get started with geological tools, and so I'll be
42:28 a lot on that. But I mention geophysical tools because all of these
42:32 work best together, okay, And the the course objectives, and I'm
42:39 going to read these out to you anything, because they kind of reflect
42:45 that I've already been saying. But we will look at these processes
42:54 these perspectives that we have different stages the value chain, and I will
42:59 giving you examples fields that I've actually on around the world. Um,
43:05 know many of you might be working right now and just focused on one
43:16 area. But in the course of career, quite often you can do
43:21 lot of things. And personally, looked at problems somewhere around 65 or
43:27 different countries. And so you um, through a career, get
43:34 very broad perspective on, um, oil, uh, systems all over
43:42 world rather than just in one Another thing that I find out I
43:47 out, too, by doing all is that when people focus on one
43:53 area, they sort of get into workflow pattern. It's sort of said
43:58 again, it's a little bit and they think, Well, we
44:01 need to do this, and we need to do that. And a
44:05 of times, folks don't stop and , Well, what if we do
44:08 thing that's done in Azerbaijan that we do over here in the Gulf of
44:16 . And when people have these outside different perspectives and they bring them into
44:22 problem, sometimes, uh, light on and people realize that tools that
44:30 have somewhere else actually worked for maybe different reason even better in a basin
44:36 we haven't used them before. And seeing the way things are and how
44:40 a little bit different from one place the next is also a really
44:44 uh, educational aspect of what I to get across in this course.
44:51 , so here Ah, I like be real explicit about the value chain
45:01 to make test questions easier. I of list him like this. And
45:07 is what I'm looking for for an on a test. However, there
45:13 frontier exploration. Then there's a separate or perspective for exploration than exploitation.
45:23 then we find, ah, where lot of stuff goes on and doesn't
45:28 on eyes in appraisal. And then phase after that is development and
45:36 So if you follow the dancing cursor , let me put this on.
45:50 , so we have We have actually steps in the value chain. There's
45:56 , There's exploration, there's exploitation, appraisal, there's development and there's
46:06 And when when I was doing all these different things, I didn't always
46:13 them all together. But, when you think about it and you
46:17 a little bit more about it when doing appraisal, it really is critical
46:22 you focus on what you're supposed to doing there, and I'll talk about
46:27 example in the future. But, , but I have an example
46:33 um, the company had not yet about 400 million barrels of oil with
46:43 wells, and that's because they hadn't penetrated any one of the fixed sections
46:51 that oil waas basically they would be the phase of exploration. And when
46:57 in exploration, there's a certain way go about doing that job of finding
47:04 oil field or that reservoir. Once done this, the next thing you
47:10 to do is appraise that discovery and start looking for the boundaries of
47:15 But in this particular example that I'm gonna say anymore about at this point
47:21 . Ah, with seven wells pretty completely circling one of the largest fields
47:31 the North Sea. Annoy oil company finding the oil and they even question
47:39 or not the sand was there. of course, the sand was there
47:43 the sand was absolutely full of They drilled seven wells and they couldn't
47:49 anything on their acreage. And, , basically, I went and explained
47:57 them why this had to be there I won't go into the details
48:02 But the key waas and the reason somebody like myself had to go in
48:08 explain something that really shouldn't have needed been explained is that when they were
48:13 for that original reservoir, the key to drilling exploration. Well, not
48:19 appraisal. Well, when you're drilling , well, you're looking for the
48:24 lode. First you want to find How big can this thing be?
48:30 it is it a minnow or is a whale? And, uh,
48:37 the case of this particular field, were doing appraisal wells. They were
48:42 the tapered edge of a really fantastic , which, if they had discovered
48:49 , they would have realized there were reservoirs in the fault blocks to the
48:53 and the fault block to the and they had a huge field,
48:58 they kept hitting the boundaries, and never drilled the center where the mother
49:03 of that thing. So it's very throughout your career to remember where you
49:08 in this value chain and what you to be doing at each one of
49:12 steps. Okay, um, I'm gonna read through all of this,
49:20 . But one of things that's happened lot is, um, and here
49:28 mentioned overwhelming new role in guiding and horizontal wells for resource or conventional
49:35 What is a play? We're going talk about what a play is,
49:37 basically a player is defined by a of the petroleum system elements on.
49:45 something that seems to have common elements a given area in the area that
49:51 call a play, and that's basically it is. But we'll get into
49:55 details later when we get into into part of the of the course on
50:02 of the things that really bothers me is that a lot of geologists
50:08 are primarily uh, a steering Wells not really doing ah lot of geological
50:15 . And that's something that you need think about this because when you get
50:20 of this class, you're gonna have lot of talent and skills if you
50:23 already have them that are gonna be to a lot of problems that you
50:28 not be getting asked to work But you're going to need to volunteer
50:34 when you see a, ah areas of some process that's going on,
50:41 it's in frontier all the way down production, that could benefit by using
50:46 technology than just steering a well. another thing is, in the
50:53 this. This still really goes on bigger companies and sometimes in smaller
51:00 because I think the smaller companies did lot of frontier Expiration when it came
51:08 unconventional is way ahead of everybody Which is why the smaller companies ended
51:14 with all the pies in the And, uh, but a lot
51:19 times, ah ah, lot of will go into frontier and exploration because
51:27 we get to that expiration phase, really starting to lay out some seismic
51:32 we're doing a lot of seismic, that becomes really important. Now if
51:37 just doing a shale play and you a reservoir in a source that air
51:41 one and the same uh, you , one of the keys is I've
51:47 a tank in the ground. I to drill it and get the oil
51:50 of it anyway. I can. by fracking and drilling horizontally.
51:56 that, of course, increases the area of your drainage for each
52:01 which improves the effect of permeability of well and ability to produce oil that
52:08 the past would not be economic. so that's a whole different game.
52:14 again, trying to figure out where go for unconventional or unconventional resource is
52:20 still something that can be the big . And because it's the big
52:25 Uh, it tends to be some the the more sought after jobs.
52:32 I started out in production, and then and then work my way
52:36 expiration. And I realized from taking route was that in production geology,
52:43 essentially did appraisal development in production problems from having that perspective when I went
52:50 expiration I knew a little bit more what the handoff had to be from
52:56 that were doing frontier exploration and exploration turn, uh, this thing that
53:03 were trying to discover and that we have discovered and turn it into an
53:08 valuable asset and s o again, looking at these different perspectives from different
53:15 in the process that can help us links between the steps and make those
53:22 more effective. Because a lot of when people did frontier expiration and they
53:27 do, I'm sure now they came with these wild ideas. We're gonna
53:32 two billion barrels there. We're gonna three billions there. We put we
53:36 up with a risk factor of a PS of, say, 25
53:42 . But I should so big we to drill it, and they just
53:45 it on to people. But if considered what somebody and in appraisal or
53:52 even exploitation or expiration would have to with that frontier expiration handoff,
53:58 you're gonna be asking completely different and they're gonna be important questions that
54:03 that a good and a profitable handoff a big red flag and you'll be
54:09 I don't think this is gonna folks. And this is why So
54:12 , I think the roles of geologists from position to position. But if
54:19 look at the overall expenditure in terms people being hired as geologists, by
54:27 large most of the money has been on frontier and especially technology has been
54:34 and in the expiration part of find oil and gas. And now with
54:40 is we're putting a lot more into and development and actual production of something
54:47 we've we've got in our hands. know what it is. How can
54:51 make it better? And I think again. Why this approach of looking
54:57 it as a value chain is very , and it's very applicable to both
55:05 and conventional. Resource is okay, here's one other thing that that we
55:14 thio talk about, and that is honesty. Again. I'm not going
55:18 read this, but I want everybody read this, um, normally
55:25 you know, I never ever would thought of cheating because when I would
55:31 a course, my idea was always . How can I learn enough,
55:38 , to make myself be this How can I figure out this well
55:43 that I could actually teach it like professor. And if you kind of
55:47 in with that attitude, the idea trying to figure out the shortcuts and
55:53 how to cheat your way out of just kind of disappear on DSO I
55:57 think of everybody. And it's in school, really trying to figure out
56:03 all of this is for and what means and how can I use
56:07 And of course, most of you now, and most of you,
56:11 know, have reasons toe learn this reasons toe want to learn this.
56:16 , uh, some of you will direct impact at the job. He
56:23 right? Sometimes the day after you've in a class in some of these
56:28 , so I don't think that's a issue here, But But from an
56:33 standpoint, we kind of have toe people this because if somebody actually cheats
56:39 this seems really odd to me, it may seem odd to you,
56:43 if somebody actually is caught cheating. first thing someone in the administration is
56:50 to ask me or or any Uh, did you tell them they
56:56 cheat? And so I won't use word on my slide. But I
57:02 want you to remember that, you , consider academic honesty and just be
57:09 this course to make yourself a better . Uh, and that's that's what
57:14 is all about, to be a geologist and a better geophysicists.
57:19 uh and I have to point this . Helping someone commit academic dishonesty is
57:25 itself also academic honesty. In other , if you know something about what's
57:31 to be on a test like if took the test ahead of time and
57:34 tell somebody else uh huh then you're a guilty and s o I just
57:40 to put that out there. I will tell you, when I
57:43 in teaching in petroleum engineering, teaching characterizations, we had to students of
57:52 actually did cheat and and the person was cheap. Well, one person
57:58 and the other person benefited, and both got punished for it, and
58:03 was really the worst thing about this of thing. Is that when when
58:08 gets caught, uh, even the feels bad about it? You may
58:12 know that he may be upset, he actually feels bad about it,
58:16 it's not a good thing. So try to avoid this, and I
58:20 want to say anymore. I think already said too much. Okay,
58:24 now we're going to go toe lecture and it's it's only been about on
58:29 here, but I think it might a good time to pause. If
58:33 can figure out how to pause this I can pause share now I gotta
58:47 . So is everybody is still Uh huh. Yes. Let me
58:59 back here. I'm going to stop because I'm not seeing my recording
59:18 Okay, so now I'm going to the
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