| 00:00 | Let's see here. All right, , OK. So protozoans um |
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| 00:09 | there, there, there are types are kind of can be photosynthetic, |
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| 00:16 | can have kind of two lifestyles like mean as a type that has can |
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| 00:22 | science and can live as a heterotrophic , like your paramecium or an |
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| 00:31 | These are things you you've heard OK. So um the features then |
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| 00:38 | these, so um motility, they have Celia like you see in paramecium |
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| 00:47 | it to give it motion, they have the pseudopods. OK? Um |
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| 00:52 | an amoeba does to kind of they elongate and kind of be like a |
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| 00:57 | type of motion, putting on a and then kind of moving on that |
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| 01:01 | . Um they can have a all right, the um undulating |
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| 01:06 | So think of that as like maybe like this, right? So it |
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| 01:11 | of does this kind of motion with body to to move. All |
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| 01:17 | that's what we call undulating type OK. Basically, it's more or |
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| 01:21 | kind of maybe kind of a flat structure to it that makes it |
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| 01:26 | that way. OK. The reus I think that's the uh the sleeping |
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| 01:32 | one, I think maybe. Um , so uh but they do have |
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| 01:36 | types will have these different types of . OK. Choose uh here is |
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| 01:41 | food vacuum, not vacuum, but sort of a mouse for a |
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| 01:46 | the cyst. OK. That's where is taken in um digestion. Of |
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| 01:52 | , through uh these vatu maybe have pseudopods mentioned, they can engulf material |
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| 01:57 | take it in. Um So have organelles to, to uh absorb these |
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| 02:04 | . The uh uh and there's other as well. OK. Now, |
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| 02:09 | terms of reproduction, OK. So , they can reduce sexually or |
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| 02:14 | these schizogony. OK. So that's of a one of the things about |
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| 02:20 | protozoans is they can have these kind complicated life cycles. OK. And |
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| 02:27 | in malaria, for example, humans a part of the life cycle, |
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| 02:30 | is how malaria, malaria occurs. so uh and they'll often have these |
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| 02:36 | cycles different stages. OK. And is one of those. So what |
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| 02:41 | basically is is it'll form a OK. And within that cell it |
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| 02:49 | have of course a nucleus. And then that nucleus will divide multiple |
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| 02:59 | . So you have multiple nuclei in . OK. So these are all |
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| 03:10 | can't spell nuclei. OK. These all nuclear. OK. Now what |
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| 03:18 | is they will break out, Yeah, it will break out of |
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| 03:26 | cell. OK. So and then have like surrounded by the cytoplasm. |
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| 03:34 | cytoplasm surrounds it. OK. And these each become like little feeding bodies |
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| 03:40 | kind of what they're called. They're um initially called merozoite. And then |
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| 03:52 | , that's not the next slide. , so don't bother copying it. |
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| 03:57 | , troph means feed. So it's typical for many of these |
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| 04:02 | they have these life cycles that you'll those names. So, so schizogony |
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| 04:08 | that process of multiplying those nuclei and break out and they have cytoplasm surrounding |
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| 04:15 | and they can go infect other We'll see that in, in, |
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| 04:19 | uh malaria. But uh that's kind what that, so that's schizogony, |
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| 04:24 | what that means. The, the is need to process is the actual |
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| 04:34 | . OK. That's, that's the where this is happening in the |
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| 04:39 | So again, all this kind of with protozoans, OK. And so |
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| 04:44 | they can do conjugation but it's not like we've learned in the bacteria. |
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| 04:49 | is completely different. So parames can this. Um you can reproduce the |
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| 04:57 | cyst. So protozoans. So cysts kind of analogous to spor somewhat. |
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| 05:06 | a dormant state, right? So cyst is kind of a dormant |
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| 05:09 | You can put itself in kind of a casing, so to speak. |
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| 05:15 | g many of these are in intestinal . And so Giardia has a stage |
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| 05:20 | it will do that, then you these cysts and in your stomach or |
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| 05:24 | is where the acidity kind of breaks the, the, the casing if |
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| 05:29 | will and now the gr become, alive so to speak and, |
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| 05:33 | and does its thing. Ok. this, the process is called, |
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| 05:38 | , insist to form the cyst. . These are kind of can be |
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| 05:43 | resistant, ok? But then they , they'll, they'll germinate. |
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| 05:48 | Um Many of your prosol pathogens, you can see from the table |
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| 05:55 | the Gigig I disease, right? often contaminants in uh or or contaminated |
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| 06:03 | . You often find, find they come from, of course, |
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| 06:06 | animals that uh relieve themselves and found the fecal matter and then uh it |
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| 06:12 | into the water and then typically in fecal matter as assists, not uncommon |
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| 06:19 | then in the water and then you this contaminated water and the system um |
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| 06:25 | germ inside you. And that's kind when the G I tract the uh |
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| 06:30 | disease occurs in. Ok. And generally, you know, if you |
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| 06:36 | a healthy immune system, you will this. We'll talk about G I |
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| 06:41 | diseases uh later. But uh uh can be of various severity, |
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| 06:48 | from mild to causing abdominal pain and kind of things. So, um |
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| 06:54 | is probably one of the more common even here in the States in terms |
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| 06:58 | G I tract infections. Um So other types of course, plasmodium causes |
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| 07:06 | . Ok. So let's kind of look, this is kind of |
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| 07:11 | you know, at a typical cycle a, of a um uh |
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| 07:16 | So, epi complex is this group has these types of proto zones with |
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| 07:25 | life cycles. I think sleeping sickness another one that has uh it's called |
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| 07:31 | Triano. I think it has one these kind of weird life cycles and |
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| 07:37 | . Um So here, of this is one that is carried by |
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| 07:41 | mosquito. OK. Anopheles mosquito. we're gonna go through different stages |
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| 07:47 | right? So the, the, protozoa itself, the plasmodium, uh |
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| 07:53 | sporozoite is the infectious form. Sitting in the uh mosquito's salivary |
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| 08:01 | OK. And so uh if you right here, number one, |
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| 08:07 | And then the sporozoite you see emerging will then travel to the liver. |
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| 08:14 | ? And it's in liver cells that this shiz occurs. We just talked |
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| 08:18 | right. So here's the, this the uh cell in, in inside |
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| 08:25 | the, of the nuclei that have , that have divided and are now |
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| 08:29 | out. OK. And so the then are breaking out and they infect |
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| 08:36 | blood cells as you can see OK. And so then they transform |
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| 08:40 | this trophozoite stage. So you see there and it becomes the feeding |
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| 08:46 | So here this kind of repeats So they'll infect, they'll break |
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| 08:51 | infect more red blood cells and that's of in that stage. So one |
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| 08:55 | has malaria, we'll go through periods fever, um sweats pain and that's |
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| 09:06 | continuing cycles of, of these uh infecting red blood cells and coming back |
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| 09:12 | and again, you have this inflammation on and the fever up and |
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| 09:16 | So it's a uh pretty uh um fun, obviously. So, uh |
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| 09:23 | from there, right, they can , OK? And some of these |
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| 09:28 | go into the uh uh sexual reproduction . And then those are what infect |
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| 09:34 | uh picked up by anopolis mosquito mosquito bites. Of course, it |
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| 09:38 | on blood and takes uh some of with it and, and then infects |
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| 09:43 | next person. So, uh so , these very typical protozoal type of |
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| 09:49 | cycle for these types. OK. all pro do this but uh this |
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| 09:55 | sleeping sickness and a few other diseases kind of how it apparently follows these |
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| 09:59 | stages. Um uh Anyway, so uh so any questions? OK. |
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| 10:09 | let's look at this question. And uh kind of recap what we |
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| 10:17 | went through. So, basically having see is, is this correct for |
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| 10:25 | ? Is this correct for ification? this correct for? Is this correct |
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| 10:29 | lien? OK. OK. Counting a 543. All right. |
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| 11:42 | Like is the correct answer right? those other ones are wrong. |
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| 11:47 | That's um, that's, I Yep. Stop. All right. |
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| 11:53 | see you on Tuesday. Got Come on down. Can you |
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| 12:45 | yeah, you too for the test Friday. Um I wanted to ask |
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| 12:58 | what is meant by the different growth in chapter two chapter. Yeah, |
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| 13:05 | had the plates and you're looking at um uh the, the, the |
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| 13:08 | cultures and um the Right. So if you made a street |
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| 13:18 | oh yeah, that was the question had on the blackboard quiz. So |
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| 13:20 | you do a street plate and you , you have three quadrants, say |
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| 13:23 | example. Right. What would you to see in each of those |
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| 13:30 | You have your culum and you do first quadrant and then you do your |
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| 13:33 | one and your next one. What you expect to see? Right. |
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| 13:39 | . So if you see something not that then, right. There was |
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| 13:43 | question. I wonder what the is . So that's what it's asking. |
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| 13:49 | . Yeah. Right. Working OK. So they fixed it. |
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| 14:07 | . So you have some, you . So, and you had a |
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| 14:17 | ? Oh, today, today the , like every day. Thank |
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| 14:27 | Pso I'm so happy in what they . Really? Ok. OK. |
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| 14:40 | just to make sure it's check it . OK. Less than 1.11% on |
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| 15:00 | question. I wouldn't even worry about |
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