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BIOL 2301 Human Anatomy & Physiology I - 2103_lecture08_0215
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00:01 Alright, y'all, Here we Um Just we're gonna do two quick
00:05 talking about the test and where you stand right now in terms of the
00:09 is um you can see up this is the distribution of the first
00:14 , we still have two people that need to take it, so I
00:16 open it probably until thursday when you at. And then remember there is
00:20 going to be an extra credit for to kind of look back and
00:22 hey, did I get the grade I wanted based on the type of
00:26 I did? And again, it's really to answer the questions as you
00:31 to answer them for yourself to help see how you're doing it anyway,
00:33 can see the average was 61, little bit lower than I like,
00:36 better than last semester. So I'm happy when you're better than the last
00:40 , doesn't matter what semester it Um The standard deviation is a little
00:44 wide. So if you're wondering why throw this up here, here's the
00:48 part, right? They're talking about up here a little bit earlier,
00:51 basically just tells you darn it, tells you how wide or how tight
00:58 grades are. And you can see the, on the grades here that
01:05 here we had a couple of of that were just kind of really,
01:09 low and hopefully if you that was of you come and see me and
01:12 talk about how you're studying and why grades are like that. Um Because
01:16 know you don't want to be there I don't want you there. Uh
01:20 was 98 minimum grade was an Medium grade is very very close to
01:24 average. Which kind of tells you a nice kind of bell curve although
01:28 you look at it's not perfectly Um so there's that and then uh
01:34 can look at this and stare at and freak out about it and do
01:36 the other fun stuff with it all want to. But really in the
01:39 picture of the grand scheme of this is one test. It doesn't
01:42 mean much relative to your entire Only 20% of your grade Now you're
01:47 thinking but it's 20% of my Yeah but that means you have 80%
01:52 your grade left, right. Does make sense? So we don't freak
01:56 about this. We look at this ask the question, okay how can
01:58 improve? What are the things that problem? Where do I really stand
02:03 the class? And that's what you should be watching, Keeping track
02:06 Now. I'll throw this up after exam. And this shows you the
02:12 distribution. Alright. Or or not naturalization but the distribution of where the
02:16 are with all the other things that guys have done and you can see
02:22 it pulls those test grades up quite bit, doesn't it? Right.
02:27 can see it's kind of moved their off more to the right now granted
02:32 can see we still have these down . These are probably people who dropped
02:35 class who haven't actually dropped the You know, they kind of either
02:41 click the button correctly or they're hey, you know, whatever.
02:44 , no, no big deal. only a couple $1000. You
02:47 that's usually it is. But you see it down over here and these
02:51 be the students that haven't taken the yet, which you know, could
02:55 harmful, whatever. I haven't But really what this kind of shows
02:58 is is we got that same kind distribution. Remember I said the grade
03:01 this class is gonna be usually based a curve unless mathematically it doesn't allow
03:05 or doesn't need it. But you see it probably does need and so
03:08 kind of broken down what does it like right now to be in the
03:12 of the range of C range than range and the f rage. All
03:15 . Now in saying that notice I say plus and minuses because we don't
03:19 this early. We can kind of at something. Okay. Yeah,
03:22 on the high end of the bees I'm on the low end of the
03:25 , you don't need to know what's difference between a c minus Tennessee because
03:28 going to change by the next Right? So we're just kind of
03:32 to figure out where do I All right So if you have about
03:36 90 average you know that's that's That's great. That would be an
03:40 minus and higher. Right? A right now so almost a 73.
03:45 that a B minus and higher? that I point out that this does
03:47 include extra credit. I won't do credit until the end of the semester
03:50 don't bother calculating it unless you're that of O. C. D.
03:54 right right now A c minus is a 55. And right now an
04:01 . Or sorry D. Is going be 50. This is gonna be
04:03 hard number. It never changes. think I told you on the first
04:06 of class I say an F. at 50%. It doesn't go
04:11 It won't go higher. Okay so can just count on that being a
04:16 number Now what will happen? I just tell you could have done this
04:20 now is that this number may come a little bit but these numbers right
04:24 will probably scooch up a little bit based on historical performance. So if
04:29 find your place yourself if you kind do the math and you should be
04:32 to do the math that I gave the formula really remember. It's like
04:36 of my homework, 80% is That's the easy way to think about
04:40 . It's like if I know where am, what do I need to
04:44 to get the grade that I You know what you shouldn't be doing
04:48 panicking Alright? If you're panicking at point, your your your focus is
04:52 the wrong place, right? And can tell you I know some of
04:56 panicking because right after the first I had two students drop immediately after
05:00 class. It's like really, you're give up on all your dreams and
05:04 your hopes and everything that you have yourself. After one test.
05:09 don't do that. Alright, here's good news for those who are
05:13 If you're panicking, come and talk me, I'm not gonna come beat
05:17 up. I'm not going to shut door and go all right now,
05:20 I got you know, my job to help you achieve your goals.
05:24 you're not studying correctly, let me you how to do it. If
05:28 not understanding what we're talking about in class, let me help you understand
05:32 teach you how to figure it That's what my job is, not
05:36 come in here and lecture for an and a half twice a week.
05:40 part of my job. Alright, let me help you get to where
05:43 need to go to help you see needs to be done. Alright,
05:47 part of this is also to be analytical, which is why I have
05:52 extra credits. The idea is to at what did I do? And
05:55 it get me where I wanted to ? Right? It's like jumping in
05:58 car and saying I want to go Dallas and getting in your car and
06:02 up in el paso. Do you there and go, I'm stuck in
06:06 paso. You know where el paso ? Right, okay, that's where
06:10 grew up. All right. You to ask the question. How did
06:13 get here? What did I do ? Oh, instead of going up
06:17 45, I took a left and out through I 10. I guess
06:21 should have said san Antonio because you that first, correct. So you've
06:25 to ask that question all the Why am I not getting what I
06:28 or if you got where you You know, if you're like,
06:32 yeah, I'm up there in the range. Alright, Alright, figure
06:35 what you're doing right? And keep it. A lot of people go
06:39 , oh I'm here and then they blow everything off. All right.
06:44 what we did for that first unit to get everybody on the same
06:48 We're on the same page. We understand cells, right? I kind
06:52 understand tissues. I kind of understand molecules because everything now should be
07:01 Alright, because today we're going to about the Integra Mint. Finally some
07:08 . Yay, we're gonna peel you onions. Well not you.
07:14 What we're gonna do is we're gonna a body and we're going to
07:17 we're going to peel off the outer and we're gonna start working our way
07:20 through. Does that sound okay? , so if you need to come
07:25 talk to me, if you need see me in my office hours are
07:29 after class, you just go up my office. I'll be there for
07:31 hour because I have a class right at 11:30 that I need to get
07:36 . So I need to see. so if you see a massive
07:39 Okay, maybe not today. Maybe . I'm always there right after
07:44 If you can't make that time because have another class email me and say
07:47 can we make an appointment so I come talk to you. Alright,
07:51 I will speak with you. I talk to you and I will hand
07:55 you and walk you through the trauma whatever that is. All right.
08:03 here to talk about the integrity or want to talk about again. I'm
08:07 gonna let you know, I'm not open the test until thursday.
08:11 you will be able to go over test. I would encourage you all
08:14 go over your test and look to if I wrote any bad questions.
08:18 right, odds are pretty, pretty that I didn't. But you know
08:22 now and then there might be one two and you know, everyone gets
08:24 points. Well, it gets points . All right. But if you
08:29 to my office today, I want see my test. I'm not going
08:32 show you your test. I got tests. Alright, so with that
08:37 any questions about this? Sorry. it is. Any questions about
08:44 There is no question about that All right. I want to learn
08:53 skin. Let's learn about the Alright, So what we're gonna do
08:59 we're going to walk through the integer . We call it the skin,
09:03 the integral actually consists of multiple There's some derivative and we say derivative
09:08 that during the course of development, things or interesting things happen to the
09:13 mint. So the other class I this semester is Comparative anatomy. And
09:17 we kind of get to walk through evolutionarily speaking skin developed. And you
09:22 to see some really, really cool interesting stuff. All right. And
09:26 only derivatives we have our nails and hair and well some glands as well
09:31 to some other species. But basically going to focus first on the skin
09:34 then we're gonna go through those individual and the two main regions of the
09:39 or the epidermis and the dermis. I was in kindergarten, the big
09:43 was your epidermis is showing and you like what? And they'd be
09:49 it's your skin. Yeah, that's the outer layer. That's an
09:54 one to remember. So, epi you see epi means above or
09:58 So that's another way you can epidermis is above the dermis. So
10:01 are two layers. So epidermis is . It is composed of of
10:07 although you'll see some other things in . So when you think epidermis think
10:11 it lacks blood vessels and its job to protect everything that's underneath it.
10:17 right, It is the barrier between outside of the body and the inside
10:20 the body Underlying the epidermis is the . And so this is where you're
10:25 find the blood vessels. You're gonna nerves which you can see kind of
10:29 all over the place nerves are always 90% of the time are are are
10:33 as yellow blood vessels are gonna be and blue whenever you see a
10:37 So that kind of helps you orient . The purpose of the dermis which
10:42 made up primarily of connective tissue, to provide strength and resilience to those
10:48 layers. Alright, because of that tissue, you'll also see some smooth
10:53 . So, here's an example of muscle right there, that would be
10:57 director properly muscle or start erector pili which is associated with the hair
11:03 Um And then as I mentioned, gonna be nerve fibers and you can
11:07 of see them all over the place you'll notice that there's one penetrating and
11:10 deal with that in just a Now. You can see down here
11:14 got something highlighted as hypodermic skin has regions epidermis and dermis. Some people
11:21 to include this with this discussion, really it's not part of the integra
11:26 , its underlying the layers of the mint. And so this is the
11:31 system. Again, it's a layer connective tissue. It's usually where you're
11:35 to see quite a bit of adipose as well. Um It's gonna anchor
11:39 skin to the underlying structures. I know that they have a couple
11:42 people here who hunt, You don't to raise your hand because you're gonna
11:45 the people who don't hunt. But you've ever skinned an animal while
11:49 right, when you take off the layers, you're taking off the epidermis
11:54 you're basically getting down to that right? For those of you don't
11:59 but have had skinned chicken, And you want to take off that
12:05 . You're getting down to that hypodermic where that layer of fat and stuff
12:08 . And you'll see underlying that. would be where the muscle is all
12:13 ? So it's an anchor. And conservative shock absorber and an insulator because
12:18 all those adipose cells. Now, this does is it kind of breaks
12:24 in the big picture of things. does the integra mint do?
12:28 So if you look at the it has lots of roles. The
12:30 has fewer roles, but they're just important when we think of the integra
12:35 , we think of protection. And rightly so to think so.
12:39 Because that is its primary function. a technical barriers. Physical barriers,
12:43 barrier, temperature barrier, and even radiation barrier. All right. And
12:48 you can think about uh you guys who's here is taking kim Yeah.
12:53 you ever spill anything on yourself in lab? No. So you guys
12:58 are careful and follow the directions. never did that. I did everything
13:02 could. I'm not as bad as roommate was. My roommate literally in
13:08 chemistry ruined every single experiment. I , he either dropped the beaker,
13:14 the beaker, uh blow something burn it down or whatever. And
13:19 knew it when it would happen because could hear him across the lab scream
13:23 some sort of epithet and then you'd him storm out. And the funny
13:27 is his father was a biochemist, um, but one time I spilled
13:33 acid on myself. You know, once I spilled sulfuric acid, I
13:39 know I spilled sulfuric acid on myself I washed my clothes and I pulled
13:42 my favorite shirt and it was nothing holes sick. Yeah, because water
13:48 the sulfuric acid don't go well. notice if I put chemicals on my
13:54 , they just kind of roll You notice that yeah, for those
13:59 are as Columbia as I am. chemical physical barrier. All right,
14:03 can do that and it's just gonna red and a little bit. But
14:06 about it. I didn't pull the off biological barrier. You have no
14:11 what horrible nasty things live on your . I mean, there's some great
14:16 that actually show you a little tiny and stuff that are that are microscopic
14:20 live in your eyebrows and you feed your skin. Right? I just
14:25 love freaking people. I see the when I say this, right,
14:29 are things that can't get into your because of that epidermis temperature barrier.
14:37 can see hot and cold and then radiation barrier literally UV. Light.
14:41 we're gonna see how UV. Is the skin protects against UV. In
14:45 a moment, it's water resistant, it is a waterproof barrier. It
14:52 a role in metabolic regulation. We're look at this. It basically produces
14:57 D. It's one of the most things about the skin is that it
15:01 you to keep yourself healthy by producing D. There's some other metabolic roles
15:06 plays as well. Play the role secretion absorption. So we secrete a
15:10 amount of metabolic waste through our Um So there's kind of a list
15:14 some of the stuff it is selectively alright for those of us who use
15:20 right? What you have is primarily that is oil based or fat based
15:25 you can rub it into the skin it's permissible to the oils. But
15:29 you take water or anything that is and put it on your skin,
15:32 just rolls off. That's when we it's selectively permeable. It's also immunologically
15:39 plays a role in immunity. It can identify and destroy pathogens because of
15:44 cells that reside in these layers. so it serves as that barrier.
15:48 then when you are actually exposed to things, it alerts the immune system
15:52 that you can initiate an immune So what we have here is we
15:57 have created a wall from the outside the world to our inside of our
16:04 with regard to the dermis plays a in temperature regulation. This is where
16:06 blood vessels are sweat glands as opposed anyone here. A major blusher.
16:11 if someone talks to you start turning like especially in the class. Usually
16:14 in the front row or not, know, but you can start
16:18 hey, you know, I can a question, I used to have
16:21 girl in one of my classes and sat in the front row. She
16:24 , she hated when I asked her question turned bright, bright red.
16:27 know why you turned bright red? ? I just told you blood
16:35 they're right there at the surface. so what happens is when those open
16:39 those vessels dilate the blood rushes out the surface and so that gives you
16:43 red color, That heat you feel the blood that's now near the
16:48 You have nerve fibers that are there detect temperature and that's why you feel
16:52 , right? But what you're doing when you get red like that,
16:56 basically bringing that hot fluid to the and that allows that heat to
17:02 All right, sweat glands to post you. How do you get rid
17:05 the heat? Well let's heat up , Water evaporates, takes the heat
17:09 it. Um And then we're gonna a bunch of sensory receptors as well
17:14 we'll get to when we talk about . But basically touch receptors pain
17:19 temperature receptors. So what we're gonna is we're gonna dive down deep.
17:24 going to first look at the epidermis we're gonna look at the dermis and
17:26 we're gonna go walking through those other and so to understand the epidermis,
17:30 basically two different types of cells that located there. The correctness sites of
17:34 melanocytes, carotene insights. They basically you that melanocytes, they tell you
17:38 they do. It's in their name make keratin melanocytes make melanin.
17:44 so cartoony sites are the most abundant . When you look at a picture
17:48 the epidermis and you can see that's the boundary of the epidermis down
17:51 . That's that's dermis. Right? , here's the cartoon. Here's the
17:55 picture, 99% of those cells in are carotenoids sites. Alright. They
18:00 on different appearances because they're in a squamous um epithelium. Alright. And
18:07 their job is produces keratin, is this tough fiber that makes the
18:13 the tough um or that gives it toughness that it needs. All right
18:18 , they're all attached to each other a series of desmond zones. So
18:21 keeps them from being torn apart. , that's what kind of creates.
18:25 really, really tough barrier Milana sites the other hand, they make up
18:29 very small percentage of that ladder Alright, so there's actually even other
18:34 in there that we haven't even So, here's an example of milan
18:37 site and you can kind of see this little cartoon how it has these
18:41 tiny branches that go in between the antenna sites. All right.
18:46 you can think of it kind of a cell that has the spider like
18:49 that kind of weave in between the cells. Alright. Now, their
18:54 is produced melanin and they produce melanin response to UV light. And we're
18:58 see how melanin is used by the of the epidermis to protect themselves from
19:05 damage. Alright. So, that's purpose of melanin is to be picked
19:10 by the other selves to protect All right. So, there are
19:15 tiny Granules is what they are what look like. Now, there are
19:19 layers. All right. Depending on skin you're looking at. Some some
19:23 of skin have five. Some have depending on where you are. All
19:27 . But what we have is this squamous epithelium on the skin on the
19:32 . It's criticized. So, when talking about the integrity, that's what
19:35 referring to. All right. the first three layers 123. Those
19:43 living layers. All right. The two layers, one and two.
19:48 are dead or dying layers. So, when you look at your
19:53 , what you're looking at is a layer of skin or cells and there's
19:58 multiple layers underneath it. But that layer that's dead. All right.
20:03 , these are the five layers from inside to the outside. You can
20:07 stratum just refers to the to the . That's what it means. And
20:11 it's best ali Spinoza, granulomas, and chromium and english basil spiny granular
20:19 and spiky. All right. we're going to kind of just go
20:25 them one by one. We're gonna from the inside and we're gonna work
20:29 way to the outside. So the the primary the foundational layer, the
20:37 layer, Stratton desole is the deepest you can see here. It's one
20:43 thick. All right, appearance The primary occ you boil in nature
20:48 Colombia or in nature. But remember we're looking at a stratified layer,
20:52 don't say it's a cute boy. , that's just the shape. So
20:55 can really kind of identified fairly easily it's that boundary layer between where the
21:01 ends and the dermis begins. All . So it's the first layer of
21:05 epidermal cells. All right. Now attached to a basement membrane. That
21:08 membrane is being made by both the the particular layers of the dermis as
21:15 as those cells of the stratum All right. And that's what they're
21:19 up together. All right now you see here it goes up and down
21:22 and down. Alright. These are epidermal properly. And then on the
21:27 side you'll have dermal papillae and they're of interlocking with each other which is
21:30 keeps the dermis and the epidermis from they're basically interlocked. It's like locking
21:36 fingers. But as a result of what you end up with on the
21:41 . That same sort of appearance where goes up and down up and down
21:46 epidermal ridges that then give rise to gripping his fingerprints. Alright. So
21:54 fingerprints are a function of the epidermal that are down below and beneath.
22:05 that first layer is the base Then the layers above, you can
22:11 in our little cartoon is what has as a stratum Spinoza. All
22:17 You know some spiny is where you that. So it's many many cells
22:23 . Alright. You can go back look at this picture and you can
22:26 several layers thick. Okay, now what we've done is we've taken these
22:34 , you can think of this basil as your stem cell layer. And
22:38 what they're doing is they're dividing, stays behind, one moves forward and
22:42 they continue to divide a little bit become non dividing. Alright, so
22:49 specialized what you're doing is you're taking that serves as a stem cell and
22:53 specializing it into this protective cell. it's called the spiny players because of
23:01 Dismas OEMs basically they're connected to each . So they start pulling on each
23:05 and they give kind of a spiky spiny appearance under the microscope. All
23:13 now as you begin moving upward. , so these are the spiny layers
23:17 you get up into this really really thinner layer. This is the granule
23:24 . So it should tell you right by the name. It's granular.
23:28 . What does it mean? when I look into the microscope,
23:30 can see spots in this layer. what I'm seeing is the accumulation of
23:35 Granules, that's what gives it its . And those carry were dividing down
23:42 have stopped dividing and they're starting to their nature, right? They're pumping
23:48 tons and tons of keratin right the type of keratin they're producing is
23:53 I'm not gonna ask you Correcto highland it's just not important. But I
23:57 want to point this out. It's specialized or you eat type of
24:01 All right. And it's it's what that toughness and what it's doing is
24:06 more and more and more of It's like, well, you know
24:09 I really want? The keratin. don't need these other organelles. And
24:13 it starts shedding off. All The nucleus shut out the organs.
24:21 . In other words, I'm destroying . I don't need this stuff
24:24 I'm basically flattening myself out and I'm gonna become a flat pancake full of
24:30 . And so the cells begin to . Now, there's two reasons for
24:33 death. That's one is when you getting rid of organelles, cells can't
24:38 . Alright, You're already just saying have a finite life at this
24:42 All right. But the other reason that as you move further and further
24:45 further away from your blood supply the and harder it is to get the
24:51 you need in order to survive. there's kind of two fold uh
24:56 it's that these these cells are basically themselves and what is the blood
25:00 Remember we said it's down inside the . So you've probably done that.
25:04 you cut yourself like paper cut and didn't bleed because you didn't get down
25:08 the Dermot, you just were in epidermal layers. All right now this
25:15 of characterization isn't complete, it's just here. Alright, so the cells
25:21 just kind of in that stage of almost to the point where I'm done
25:25 I'm not quite there yet. So consider this a living later and then
25:32 get to the last two layers which the death layers, the dead
25:35 Sorry. Now the lucid um Alright a clear layer, lucid um It's
25:42 unique clear that's only found in thick . All right now we're going to
25:46 about thick and thin skin in a slide but let's just make this really
25:49 for yourself. Look at the back your hand that's thin skin. Turn
25:55 hand over, that's a little bit , that's thick skin. So thick
26:00 is found primarily on the palms of hands and on the soles of your
26:04 . Alright it has this extra Thin skin doesn't have this extra
26:09 Alright so the lucid um is specific this thick skin. Alright now its
26:16 is to protect against friction. Alright you've ever worked hard and long have
26:21 ever you know anyone who's done any of manual labor? Have you noticed
26:24 you get those calluses on your Right, okay, that's lucid.
26:28 That's basically your body is saying we to protect this because we get a
26:32 of use out of it and we to create an extra layer of
26:35 Alright, so the cells themselves have very very flat and they lost their
26:40 nature instead that keratin has reorganized itself this stuff called a Leyden.
26:47 And the alighted is what gives it sell that toughness And because you've gotten
26:50 of all the organelles, if you rid of the nuclei, you basically
26:53 this fat thick cell that is kind a tough sell. Now, the
27:00 thing that's interesting is that there's a actually absorbs UV light and it doesn't
27:06 the UV light to penetrate into the levels. So it's not really easy
27:12 see with me become basically pink on sides. But if you are darker
27:17 , if you look at the back your hands a little bit darker than
27:19 the palm of your hand. Have noticed that? Yeah, that's because
27:25 because you're hiding it, it's because UV light hits that'll item gets absorbed
27:30 you're not activating up the melanocytes. , so that's why it's lighter,
27:36 of cool. Alright, so this one of the ways your body protects
27:39 from UV life is here with this ? All right then finally get up
27:45 this last couple of layers. This this stratum corny um corny means scaly
27:51 where that corny um comes from. right. And so these are the
27:56 layers you can see it's multiple layers , 15 to 30 layers. And
27:59 you've done now is you've taken this that is basically started off as as
28:03 of cubed and you kind of squished down until it's become flat and you
28:09 squeezed out all the cytoplasm you've uh up that sells keratin and what you've
28:16 is you've pancaked it out. So you're left with is whatever is there
28:20 the plasma membrane. So basically a of fats and matt keratin holding everything
28:25 and they're still attached to each other that's where you get all these multiple
28:31 . All right now. And you skin all the time now if you've
28:39 been out in the sun in the and stayed out in the sun and
28:42 a sunburn. You know, we to do that one fun thing at
28:46 . I know I always thought it fun, you get that skin and
28:48 get to like peel it off and get the big sheets. Alright,
28:53 everyone likes that at least other people's is gross, Your skin is
28:58 It's like look I'm a snake. , I'm the only one that does
29:05 Okay, I'm just making sure right , that's obvious. But right now
29:14 shedding skin. You ready to be out again? Many of you who
29:18 wearing masks and be like, thank , I'm wearing a mask. The
29:21 you're breathing in all that dust. is some of its dead skin cells
29:28 breathing in other people. And over course of your lifetime you'll be gallons
29:36 dust. It's just, you fun. No, that's just too
29:44 for you guys, I think. , fine, we'll just get through
29:47 all. Alright, so plowed Remember we have um um glycoprotein and
29:53 ? These glycoprotein is basically serve as way to create a waterproofing. So
30:01 you have a waterproof jacket or if have a waterproof clothing, they basically
30:05 a whole bunch of Scotchgard or some chemical on top of it. In
30:08 these cells have this have a special that's kind of put on their surfaces
30:13 that helps to create this waterproofing characteristic ourselves. So, when water gets
30:19 your skin, it rolls off. , we repel it and because you
30:24 multiple layers and it's thick and there's anything else there nothing can penetrate through
30:30 . Well, I mean things can it's really, really hard, relatively
30:36 . That's epidermis. Any questions about and then here's the thick and thin
30:45 , so thick skin. There's five . Thin skin foreskin. So just
30:50 that lucid um That's the thing that it characteristically different where it found problems
30:56 your hands soles of your feet. right then scan is everywhere else is
31:03 . That's easy to remember if you've had to give a talk. You
31:06 talking in public. Right? Kept couple characteristics. Right? You get
31:12 palms right? That's an easy way remember. Okay, I've got sweat
31:15 on my palms. All right. what? I don't have it.
31:18 don't hear my palms. Alright, reserved to the thin skin.
31:23 there sebaceous glands. Oil glands are in sebaceous. Alright. You don't
31:28 oil glands on the palms of your . All right. So those are
31:33 differences between the two. But the thing to remember is that loose sitting
31:42 . Okay, so we're gonna kind look at some of these characteristics define
31:45 . Remember we looked at these are whole bunch of different things that the
31:47 does, its protective barrier so So the first thing is how do
31:52 deal with immunology or how is it immunological barrier? One of the That
31:57 located. So that 1%. So that Milan insight that we're going to
32:01 to in a minute. We have cells Now, Langerhans cell. I
32:07 they're using a different name now. . Epidermal dendritic cell and it just
32:12 sound as fun. I mean, know here you are, you're a
32:16 , you don't make a lot of . You know you go stand in
32:19 at the welfare office but you get name things after yourself, right?
32:24 what Langerhans he's just cruising around and gonna see Langerhans name over and over
32:28 . It's like, oh, here's , here's this, you got to
32:30 this. And so that is Langerhans and really, what is it?
32:34 a macrophage. It's a resident macrophage it sits in the skin and all
32:38 does is it watches and waits for that shouldn't be there. All
32:42 So think about when you fell and your knee as a kid or maybe
32:46 was yesterday when you were walking across street and you were paying attention to
32:49 phone and not on the uneven right? You skinned your knee and
32:54 all sorts of horrible things out there are desperate to get in your body
32:57 kill you. Well, they just to live in you. But you
33:00 , it could kill you that Langerhans . His job is to sit there
33:04 identify, find and identify those things kill them before they kill you.
33:10 they do a really good job of alright. If it doesn't belong in
33:13 body, that's your first line of . So if you break into the
33:17 and something finds its way into the . That's what's going to find
33:22 All right, and what they'll do they'll tell the immune system stay um
33:26 know that flesh eating bacteria. I'm letting you know. We just had
33:29 . So just alert the system. go kill it if you see any
33:39 skin color is a function of protecting body from UV radiation. All
33:47 There's like three basic pigments. Two them that are important. One that
33:51 just going to mention. All Melanie. And we've already talked about
33:55 we're going to go. A little more detail. Karate is just kind
33:58 fun. But there's a third the pigment that is found in blood
34:01 is hemoglobin, that kind of gives the pinkish hues that you see.
34:07 so when blood is just circulating in kind of gives that that baseline
34:13 But melanin is the pigment that is actually in the skin. Alright.
34:19 produced by those melanocytes. And here can see a little bit closer you
34:23 see kind of those spindly arms that extending from the milano site and it's
34:29 these Granules. Now, the first I'd point out is that everyone,
34:35 of skin color, has roughly the number of melanocytes. All right.
34:41 difference is is what pigments are you and how much of it are you
34:48 ? Okay, that's all that And so there are different types of
34:52 pigments. Alright, we have a melanin which is kind of a blackish
34:56 pigment that creates the darker tones. have feel melanin which produces kind of
35:01 yellowish shoes and you can produce both them. And I'm just going to
35:05 it in the context of hair because think hair really kind of demonstrate
35:09 Have you ever seen a redhead? looked around the room and I'm looking
35:12 redheads. Right. So what type pigment do you think they have more
35:16 ? No. Yeah, the second , the field melanin. Right,
35:21 that's an example of just there's a of this pigment. So it gives
35:24 really coppery tones. Alright, if have blackish brownish hair, you have
35:29 of the U melanin at at the of your hair follicles. And so
35:34 the type of pigment that's being picked by the cells that make up
35:39 All right. So it's the type pigments that you have as well as
35:43 much of it you're producing now. just use me as an example because
35:49 grew up in El paso you just me say that a couple of minutes
35:52 and right now I've got gray hair there was a long time ago.
35:55 was a cute little blonde. I I was I was Yes.
36:01 And you can kind of imagine out the desert where its sun, they
36:07 El paso sun, the sun that's where the sun bowl is
36:10 It rains eight inches a year, across four days sometime in july,
36:17 ? So there's a lot of there's very little clouds. And so
36:20 can imagine summers from about May until october kind of like Houston,
36:25 And you get to swim all the . And so when I'm swimming all
36:28 time, do you think my skin this beautiful little pink? No because
36:33 would be a walking cancer, wouldn't ? Alright. No. So what
36:37 is is when I'm exposed to UV , all my little melanocytes are going
36:41 there's UV light. They're responding to . And they start pumping out more
36:45 more melanin in response to the V. Alright. And so you
36:50 see that's what does it starts releasing ? And then the care tennis
36:54 what they do is they go oh . And they start picking it up
36:58 remember 99% of your skin. These are these carotenoids sites. And what
37:03 does picks up these melanin and it up the melanin above the nuclei you
37:09 how it looks like. So it's nuclear and it sits right above
37:13 And so what you've done is you've a granular umbrella of a light absorbing
37:19 so that the U. V. doesn't go to the nucleus and damage
37:23 D. N. A. It's we respond to you. Kind of
37:30 . Right? If you have freckles moles, Those are accumulations of
37:39 All right. I'm not gonna say but just overly accumulations. Now.
37:45 one other one I want to mention from diet. Alright. Security.
37:50 do you think you get karate in based on the name carrots? That's
37:56 he got his name. Right. orange pigment found in certain plants.
38:00 can now see carrots. Okay. right. What's interesting about karate
38:04 Is that its lipid soluble? And when you consume a lot of karate
38:10 , it's going to accumulate in the corny um and also in the hypodermic
38:14 it gives it kind of an oranges . Alright, now, I'm gonna
38:18 silly here. You guys are too now we've moved. This is what
38:22 . I don't age. And you get younger. You knew that.
38:27 . Okay. Yeah. Alright. there used to be a show called
38:31 Jersey Shore. Guys remember Jersey Are you guys a generation still remembers
38:36 Shore? I never watched it. knew I knew it existed. All
38:40 . There was a character on Jersey . Well, they all used way
38:44 much Claritin. But there was one particular, do you remember her
38:47 Snooki? Yeah. So remember her tone that really, really orange skin
38:54 . The reason she had that was used kind of a spray on
38:58 And if you've done spray on tan bandits away the rubble and tan.
39:03 know what I'm talking about? It care teen in it. And so
39:06 you're doing, it's lipid soluble. rub it in the care team goes
39:10 and hides in those layers and gives that that bronze look. But it's
39:14 really artificial bronze look. Right now can do the same thing by eating
39:20 of carrots but I don't know how carats you'd have to eat and be
39:22 a lot like truckloads I think. don't know. Alright, so there's
39:29 skin color where it comes from in purpose. All right now within the
39:37 we're going to have two different types receptors. Alright, located within the
39:44 itself. All right. The first is called the tactile disk. This
39:48 does not do it justice. So I want you to do is I
39:50 to come I'll just use this Alright, so right here this is
39:54 strategy is easily one of the other that you can find will be located
39:59 in that strategy would be like a cell. That single cell is the
40:05 disk. And so what they're trying do is they're trying to show you
40:07 like oh right at the top where fiber ends, there is a cell
40:12 and the fiber is like my arm it comes like this and it sits
40:17 . Uh huh. Yeah. So you know how some people have
40:21 more Uh huh. And I was like layers. And it does although
40:32 , so I'm not a dermatologist but you go and look at a slice
40:35 them, what you'll see is you'll those layers, but there's gonna be
40:38 little bit more disorganization to them, ? Yeah. So you'll have like
40:45 see like flatter ones, right? then you'll see some that kind of
40:50 up and bubble up. There's all of weird types of skin. I'm
40:54 to use the word distortions. That's not the correct word. But I'm
40:57 use that because I don't want to horrible nasty things and make people
41:01 Please don't panic. Alright. If see it's something growing, go get
41:05 checked out, please, you But for the most part,
41:09 they're going to have all those same . But what's causing that distortion is
41:13 could be uh primarily you're dealing with skin. I don't know of trying
41:19 see. I think I have like little tiny freckle, but notice that
41:23 doesn't breakup. But I don't think ever seen like a mole or something
41:29 the on the thick skin. But , not a dermatologist. They've seen
41:34 . Some really freaky stuff. All . That's a good question.
41:39 But when we're dealing with pathology, when you really get me out of
41:42 comfort zone, like, I don't a lot about it. You can
41:45 ask. I'll just say, I know. Okay, alright,
41:49 with the tactile disk, it's like a cell that's in the stranded vessel
41:53 is the nerve fiber that's penetrating through dermis and it comes up right next
41:56 it. So you're detecting here in tactile disk and you're sending a signal
42:01 to that nerve fiber. Alright. what these do they play a role
42:04 fine touch and pressure. So they you determine kind of shape and texture
42:09 objects. So, imagine being someone handing you a tennis ball.
42:14 right. You'd be able to detect it was round and fuzzy.
42:18 That's what tactile dicks help you to . All right. The other type
42:24 free nerve endings, and that's what one is. You can see it
42:27 of goes up in there. This role in different types of mechanic
42:32 Different types of detection. So, example, they can detect pain.
42:37 can detach light touch, like tickling can detect noxious stimuli. Things that
42:42 not so not particularly good. That's itching is. It's like something is
42:48 this area and that's why you want itch it or scratch it I
42:52 And itches the feeling of scratches what do. All right. So,
42:57 two are associated with the epidermis. are others three others that we're gonna
43:02 at that are associated with the dermis also the epidermis plays a role in
43:10 activity. Um You're probably if you been paying attention, vitamin D.
43:14 to be associated with good health across board. Every time you turn
43:19 vitamin D. Is good for Right? So it's not quite clear
43:23 high levels of vitamin D. Promote health or good health is demonstrated by
43:27 presence of high vitamin D. All . But where do we get vitamin
43:31 . From? We get it from sun? Yes, that's that's
43:34 It's not really you don't absorb it the sun. You have cholesterol in
43:38 body. It's actually a form of that hasn't uh created this large form
43:44 yet. All right. And what does with the UV, it re
43:48 this into call Cali cal said I'm going to say about it, Vitamin
43:52 . three. It's Coley Cal Cal . All how to pronounce it.
43:59 , I'm gonna have you all speaking microphone. No, Just Vitamin
44:03 three. Yeah. Yeah. And fact, when you go and take
44:07 supplement, if you're taking vitamin Supplements gummies, I I recommend
44:11 you know gummies rock, although you to watch yourself because it's like
44:15 um It's going to give you that right there. Alright, if you're
44:21 to read it's like, Okay, vitamin D. three. And what
44:24 is is the color just I'm just to make it roll off the
44:30 It will eventually. Alright, what happen is it goes through the liver
44:33 goes through the kidney and what you down is the active form, which
44:36 calcium. Trial calc trial cal satriale's is to help you absorb in part
44:43 is the one thing we absolutely know sure that it does is that it
44:46 you absorb calcium from digestion and to you absorb phosphate, which is important
44:53 bone structure and bone growth. So it gives strength to your
44:58 So, you need to have vitamin . In order to get strong
45:02 And if you grew up watching cartoons saturday morning, you probably saw enough
45:06 commercials to know this. And I'm at you guys and you're like a
45:11 This Saturday morning cartoons like ended like the early 2000s. It's very
45:17 All right. So not just something protect you. It actually does metabolic
45:27 . Okay, moving on to the . Alright. So, if the
45:32 is on the outside, Derm uses underlying layer. All right. This
45:37 a connective tissue proper or has cells connective tissue proper. Lots of blood
45:42 , lots of nerve fibers. It lymphatic vessels which are a way for
45:48 fluids from the bloodstream to be returned to the bloodstream. It also serves
45:52 part of the immune system. It two primary layers. So, it
45:56 the papillary layer which is up here then we have a particular layer that's
45:59 little bit down. Lower. So, when you see papillary or
46:03 that says papillary think fingers. So why it's called the papillary layer because
46:08 kind of looks like fingers pointing And then you have the papillary uh
46:12 epidermal properly. And so those two are interlocked. All right. And
46:17 kind of divide off. You can of see where the division is in
46:20 in a real image, you So, so we're gonna start with
46:27 layer and then we'll move on down the particular layer. All right.
46:30 this is a real or connective So, when we talked about aerial
46:33 connective tissue and having fiber blasts and cells and some adipose cells and yada
46:39 yada. That's what this looks So, there's collagen and all sorts
46:42 fun things in there. So, already mentioned here is the dermal
46:46 That would be the epidermal papillon, gives rise to those ridges. Um
46:51 you see, this is where blood , very tiny blood vessels would work
46:54 way up near to the surface. would be capillary loops. So they're
46:59 , very small, very tiny. it's where material exchange can take
47:03 So, this is why the cells the epidermis can actually get nutrients because
47:08 blood vessels get right up to the or the blood vessels get right up
47:12 to the epidermis. So they can those nutrients. All right.
47:17 we're going to see that there's some nerve endings in these areas as
47:20 Um that play a role in pain well as touch. And we've already
47:25 that they interlock the particular layer is we probably spend our focus because this
47:34 where all the interesting stuff is. right. So this is a denser
47:38 connective tissue. Alright. So if upper layers is more of that
47:43 when we get down in there, see that that those thicker fibers,
47:48 it doesn't have those straight lines or it's it's kind of irregular in its
47:52 its appearance. Alright. Now you're to see mostly collagen fibers running parallel
47:57 the skin. And what these do they create cleavage lines. And that's
48:01 this picture right here is trying to if you look at a map of
48:04 body of the dermis, what you'd is that collagen generally runs in a
48:09 direction. Alright. And so typically you get a cut, you wanted
48:14 move with the with the cleavage line it's it's easy to close it right
48:19 up again. Alright. And in when they do surgery, for
48:23 if they didn't appendectomy, you can that's kind of how the scarlets,
48:27 goes along with that cleavage line. had an appendectomy, my scar goes
48:31 direction, right? And what that is it means the skin doesn't separate
48:36 that much. You can kind of that separation but you can close it
48:39 up. But if you go against , then those lines pull and create
48:42 much much more um difficult structure to close. All right. It has
48:52 Elastin that produces elasticity. That's why know you guys are young and handsome
48:57 good looking and whereas me, I'm and I've got floppy skin. All
49:02 , because of the Elastin, it's of tired over time. All
49:06 Lots of blood vessels. You can the large blood blood vessels here but
49:10 can see they're smaller blood vessels that trying to demonstrate are kind of going
49:14 . You can see there's a whole of different nerve fibers, the nerves
49:18 us to experience and understand different types stimuli. Alright, so that's how
49:25 can perceive our environment is through how different types of receptors detect touch and
49:32 . All right. Um There's also we move is we have what are
49:37 flex. Your lines are the ones your hands. You know if you
49:41 and say look, I've got these lines in here that allows your skin
49:45 fold up when you move your come at your elbow, the back of
49:49 knee and other places those are basically attachments of down deep to allow the
49:58 to buckle in a particular way. it doesn't so that you can do
50:02 motion particularly easy. So here are three receptors in the dermis right
50:15 So they have named after the person discovered them. But they're starting to
50:20 away from those and they're starting to these other names. So, I'm
50:23 just give them both. You you misers Puccini's and write Finis. Soem
50:29 is the tactile. So it's right in the papillary layers. Alright.
50:34 it's really up close and since it's close to the surface, not in
50:38 epidermis, but up close near it's there to detect light touch pressure
50:42 vibrations. So, if you've ever your hand across something like this,
50:47 know, like stroking a cat, you're doing is you're creating vibrations in
50:52 skin and that at the surface. what that's detecting. All right,
50:59 in or related corpuscles. Deep, right. And they're called laminated.
51:05 if you look at them, you see the the nerve ending and it's
51:08 wrapped in layers and layers and layers layers of connective tissue. All
51:12 So, these are deep and what do to is detect deep pressure and
51:16 vibration. Alright. So, when pushes in deep and you feel that
51:21 like, oh, that's going down . That's what that's detecting the last
51:26 Finis and Rafinha's has shown over here here, this is typically wrapped in
51:34 in fibers that are kind of going . So when the skin gets
51:39 like if someone comes up and pinches or twist the skin that's gonna cause
51:44 in rue finis. And so that's you detect that. Okay, So
51:50 structurally very, very different. And when we talk about sensory reception,
51:55 we get to the nervous system, gonna go in deeper detail.
51:58 we have two that are located in epidermis, three that are located in
52:02 dermis and they have very distinct things they're detecting. So that was the
52:12 . We have 20 minutes to finish up. Hair nails, you
52:16 it's like getting ready for a You gotta check out the hair is
52:19 do the nails, check out the , the glands. You know,
52:25 check out your glands, right? know how to do hair. You
52:27 how to do now is you know to check glands. Time to
52:33 All right. So, hair, basically the same thing. We just
52:40 . The difference is the type of that uses it uses what we would
52:44 a hard keratin. If you feel hair, it's very different than their
52:49 is all right. It's tougher. more durable because structurally it's very
52:57 And instead of your the individual scales sells flaking off like they did your
53:04 doesn't do that. Now, it you guys know what that is,
53:10 ? Think about your hairs and when get all frazzled at the end,
53:13 do you call those split ends. . And we get upset when that
53:19 . That's when you go get their cut and get rid of those split
53:21 right? Or we spend tons and of money on these wonderful hair
53:27 right? That they've sell online and . I don't know. All
53:32 But they don't flake off like everywhere you can see. It's kind of
53:36 these overlapping shingles, right? So can't just have a cell just kind
53:42 fly out because it's protected by a above it and it's sitting on top
53:46 a cell below it. So, it's very different. We're gonna look
53:51 in terms of functionality. We looked function after we just kind of said
53:55 is the skin? So hair has just like epidermis And dermis do plays
54:01 role in protection. Alright. So your head it protects you from your
54:06 from getting sunburnt. Alright. It you from injury. Doesn't do a
54:09 job of protecting It's not truly a . Like our friend Phil specter
54:14 right? It plays a role in particles. All right, So you
54:19 hairs in your nose, You have in your ears and they help trap
54:24 that are trying to get in. also plays a role in preventing sweat
54:29 getting into your eyes. You ever at your eyebrows? They're weird.
54:33 lot of parts of your body are . You look at them for long
54:36 . All right, But notice what eyebrows do? They kind of have
54:39 peak, right? They go up they go down alright. I'm kind
54:42 looking at everybody now and you can of see it's like, oh,
54:45 that sweat drips in, it gets that hair and it drives it out
54:49 from my eyes or inwardly away from eyes. So the water, the
54:54 isn't dripping directly into my eyes, your natural headband kind of cool.
55:02 their own heat retention alright, keeps , keeps heat close to your
55:08 Now we think of hair on our , but we also have hair in
55:12 skin, so I'm gonna just use dog or a cat, for
55:14 um those who have pets, you what I'm talking about when your dog
55:18 cat is cold, what do they with their hair? Right? They
55:23 of fluff up, right? And that does is, it creates this
55:27 that traps air near the surface of body, that air has, is
55:33 worn by the surface of your skin so that warm air, it basically
55:37 as an overlaying coat of warmth and for that animal. Now we do
55:43 same thing, we just don't have much hair, right, when you're
55:47 , what happens, what do what happens on your arm? Goose
55:53 ? Right, basically, your hair basically saying stand up. So,
55:57 trying to stand it up, there's not a lot of it and is
56:00 to trap air close to your It's just, we don't have as
56:06 hair as dogs and cats do. right, play their own century
56:11 Ever had a bug crawling, crushed . You felt it Alright. It's
56:15 they're touching on the hair is building hairs and you have receptors associated with
56:18 hair. This is usually the part I tell you the story when I
56:21 a kid in El Paso, we're a girl's house watching the show back
56:25 the early 80s, still had shag from the 70s, horrible nasty
56:29 I kept feeling feeling something. So is something finally look down or the
56:36 trying to crawl up my arm. , that's that's always freaky when that
56:43 . Alright. But yeah, Uh let's see, sensory reception,
56:49 identification. Uh One of the things is used for, we don't use
56:54 quite as much, but it helps age as well as sex.
56:58 so when you think of acts layer and pubic hair that occurred when you
57:03 sexually mature. Alright, so those physical signals to demonstrate that you have
57:09 an age where you're now capable of and say you should just said capable
57:16 ? Okay, so that's an example aging. How do I detect a
57:20 ? Look at my hair? Am old or am I young? Thank
57:27 . But really, I'm old. ? Why? Because my hair has
57:32 color. I'm no longer the cute blonde wave, I guess. I
57:38 know, frolicking in the desert. . I'm now an old, grumpy
57:43 standing in front of a bunch of people. Okay, my hair shows
57:48 , Okay, that's an age thing you identify people. You ever notice
57:53 someone gets a new haircut, you're , I didn't recognize you.
57:57 Because you're you recognize people based on appearance. Not necessarily just face,
58:04 also how they make themselves look. . Also serves as a way of
58:11 chemical signals. And we're not going go into this a lot. But
58:15 your body does produce pheromones. There are odors your body produces as
58:19 to others. Were not real keen our pheromones because we're not we're not
58:25 a pheromone type creature. Women are pheromone prone than men are.
58:32 you have a million times your sense smell is a million times greater than
58:36 males. Ladies. All right. can smell a baby for example,
58:40 it will set you off in ways guys are just like what? I
58:43 know. It smells like a Yeah. Because there are signals within
58:48 chemicals that our bodies are producing. tell you, oh baby, I've
58:52 to protect and do stuff like nest whatever. Right? But one of
58:58 things that the hair does is it those chemicals and this is particularly true
59:03 the actually region as well as in pubic regions Now structurally. So hair
59:09 lots of functions is not just to you look pretty alright. So
59:14 we have some terms here. It's simple, we have the shaft,
59:18 have the root. So, think the surface of the skin. Anything
59:21 its shaft. Anything below is the . All right. These cells that
59:26 up the hair are dead epithelial Alright, So just like the
59:31 we've got dead cells here as you downward, you get down to the
59:35 of the route and you're going to to the hair bulb. This is
59:38 you have the living cells. This what's producing the hair cell.
59:42 So what you're doing is you're multiplying and it's pushing the dead cells up
59:47 away from where the living cells are the base of the hair ball.
59:52 is the papillon. Again, you see it's a finger kind of pushing
59:55 into it. This is where blood are going to be located. This
59:58 where nerve fibers are located. And you're doing is you're supplying the nutrients
60:02 the very group of cells that are the actual hair structure. So that
60:08 where those living cells are that are those nutrients is referred to as the
60:13 . Alright, So the matrix is which you are building the hairs and
60:18 hair is being pushed away from the . Again, what type of
60:24 It's going to be this hard So that would be a side view
60:31 you took a hair and cut it looked down its length, you'd
60:34 okay, well there's three parts to . And these two terms right here
60:38 terms that you're going to have to kind of know because you're going to
60:41 them over and over again. Medulla to middle cortex refers to outside.
60:47 , so generally speaking, like we're to look at the kidney or you
60:50 at the kidney in A and Two and it has a medulla and
60:53 , you look at the adrenal gland um a duel in the cortex.
60:55 gonna look at the brain, it's have a cortex. So when you
60:58 those words, it should mean, , I'm talking about the middle or
61:01 talking about the outside region. medulla is the innermost portion you can
61:05 right there. Alright, basically, where the remnants of the matrix
61:10 So, all those living cells were produced. That's where that centerpiece
61:15 And that's why I say centrally. right, so this is where it
61:19 flexible keratin, It's fairly soft as pockets. This is why your hair
61:23 bend. If it was all hard would be straight up like a
61:28 The cortex is where you have that care too. And you can see
61:32 , what we've done is we've created of flat cells. So if the
61:35 is kind of where the cells were and producing. And what you're doing
61:39 you're pushing outward, that's what created cortex. And so what you have
61:43 all these flattened cells that are kind wrapped around as a ring over and
61:48 again around that medulla. And then the outer side that would be it's
61:52 the cuticle. So when you look the hair and you see the outside
61:56 the hair that's cuticle and you can the individual cells are kind of laying
62:00 each other, kind of like So it's like this and this would
62:05 down and that one so and so so on. So you can see
62:08 cuticle fairly well there. All And they go all the way down
62:12 route or I should say all the from the root, all the way
62:15 through the shaft. In this the hair follicle extends from the
62:28 So what happened was the epidermis pushed into the dermis and created this
62:32 So you can see there's two parts it. Hair follicle has an epidermal
62:37 and has a dermal layer. the epidermal layer is gonna be
62:42 So we refer to it as the route sheet. So if you look
62:46 our little cartoon again, pink represents , yellow represents dermis. And so
62:51 can see the pink stuff in That is the epidermal root sheath wrapping
62:56 it, then outside that that would the connective tissue forming from the
63:02 So that would be the dermal Each hair follicle has associated with
63:12 a small muscle, that's a smooth called the erector pili muscle.
63:17 that's what allows your hair to stand end. So when you're cold or
63:22 , what will happen is you get sort of sympathetic response that's gonna tighten
63:27 muscle and that's going to cause that to stand up. All right.
63:31 again, we can go back and of a cat when you scare a
63:34 , what does it do? I'm make myself bigger. It makes all
63:38 hair stand up, right, That be the sympathetic response. Alright,
63:43 the erector pili, it even tells lift up the hair, his hair
63:50 , I lift it up so each follicle has that there's also glands that
63:55 associated with it, but I'm gonna to the glands here, I think
63:59 a couple of slides, hair goes different phases of growth, mostly it
64:05 in the energetic phase. So for time santa genic, so this is
64:08 you're producing new hair and what ends happening is you come along and then
64:14 go through a period of growth and the follicle basically said, okay,
64:19 done and released, gets pushed out the next hair that grows after.
64:25 basically you can think of each hair goes through the energetic phase. The
64:29 genic phase. Telegenic phase and just . So the club hair is basically
64:33 hair that's not growing, right, different types of hair. Now,
64:47 you're a little tiny fetus, you this very, very fine, very
64:51 hair, newborn child has this, what is referred to as Linux go
64:55 Linux go hair, Linux go When you're born basically falls out and
65:01 replaced by the next growth phase, is vela's hair. Now, most
65:06 your hair on the surface of your is primarily Bella's hair. So if
65:11 look at hair and you look and , oh that's so thin and
65:15 and for a guy, it's a harder, Most of ours is
65:18 But ladies, if you think about hair that's kind of sitting over here
65:21 you look at, it's really, fine and thin, that's the vellis
65:25 , alright. Very, very pale body hair. Then we hit
65:29 and then all things go to crap so um terminal hair basically is the
65:35 hair. So you can think about hair that's on my head, that's
65:38 hair, it's much thicker axillary pubic hair, that would be uh
65:45 hair, and males, all that along your chest, that's hair,
65:50 and men, the hair along your and arms, that becomes terminal hair
65:55 well. Alright, so this type hair is gonna be dependent upon nutrition
66:00 hormones um for the most part where stuff is just kind of the generic
66:04 that covers your body. So whenever looked at the pictures, we saw
66:15 picture of hair and it looked around all hair shafts around. Alright,
66:21 have different types of hairs. So you can think of it being
66:29 have three different shapes. You have ribbon like shaft. So think of
66:34 kind of flatter All right, that kind of this kinky hair,
66:39 Round shafts. So I'd be like round would be more straight and coarse
66:46 . That's the kind of like my , although my hair is short.
66:49 my hairstylist is like, oh, love your hair, You're like asian
66:53 . She's Vietnamese Eurasian hair. It's straight, very easy to cut.
66:58 just thick and bushy. Like, , so there you go. And
67:03 the oval hair gives kind of that hair. So if you have that
67:08 wavy hair, it's because you don't perfectly round, it's kind of been
67:13 . So kinky hair, flattened ribbon round, straight in between wavy.
67:21 you have a whole bunch of different . Remember we said there are milana
67:25 , there are a bunch of different . I just picked a couple of
67:27 colors that you can go by, ? But as many different types of
67:32 are in this world, we have types of hair colors. Right?
67:36 mean we can break it down into things black, brown, you
67:39 ginger, red and blond, but there other colors in that strawberry
67:48 Right? There's there's a whole variety stuff and it's just a function of
67:52 melanin your body is producing and what's , what's being absorbed? You know
67:57 this is? Right, Who is cheers? Yes, it's ted
68:02 right, That's when he was in before he lost his hair, he
68:05 did lose his hair. He had wear a wig during um cheers.
68:09 because the characters had really really nice , but he had a bald spot
68:13 then he went to Nazi ci It's C. S. I. He
68:18 in something and then he all of sudden had white hair because he's
68:24 He's really old now. Alright, does the white hair come from?
68:28 you? Mm hmm. Where did come from? Well, it's when
68:33 cells in those follicles there is no melanin producing melanocytes, It's sad.
68:40 just means you're old. Alright, gray hair is diminished melanin production.
68:44 hair. No melanin. Like I , it used to be awesome.
68:50 that it upsets me at all. right, so that's hair nails.
69:00 spent a lot of money making those look really nice to see what they
69:05 . All right. They are modifications the stratum corny um Alright, so
69:10 , we're gonna have a place where going to produce it? It's going
69:13 cause growth outward from that matrix and serves the purpose of protecting the ends
69:19 your fingers and the ends of your and helps you grip? All
69:24 That's that's kind of his purpose at on your hands. It helps you
69:28 stuff on the toes maybe gripping the when you're running. I mean we
69:33 run without our shoes nowadays. Yeah. Okay, so there are
69:38 of parts to the nail and I wanted to focus in on some some
69:41 basic ones. Alright, so when look at a nail, that's the
69:45 plate all right underneath the nail that's the nail bed. The nail
69:52 grow from the bed, it just the plate over lies the bed.
69:57 you can think about, I sleep the bed and I put my plate
70:00 top of the bed, something like . Alright, The matrix is where
70:06 nail grows from. So this is the active cells that are dividing that
70:09 pushing the nail this direction. so you're pushing it along the bed
70:16 towards um the end of the All right now, this thing right
70:22 , you know that that french manicure you get in a lot of money
70:26 . Right? That Linux ola is that's referred to. All right.
70:30 white crescent, the most proximal It's basically almost overlying or nearest the
70:38 and then we have the cuticles. , cuticle is portion that comes around
70:45 it basically protects the matrix has another for the epic mickey. Um And
70:49 you just want to have some fun really that part underneath your nail right
70:53 where it really hurts you know? you ever done that? You but
70:57 nails off too hard and yeah, little part underneath that's called the Hipaa
71:00 . Um You don't need to know though. Epi above, hyper
71:04 So that's your nails. So what's purpose of the nail grip stuff.
71:12 . And also be pretty if you to do that. Alright. Why
71:17 stay off the internet? Because I find pictures of people on the internet
71:22 put them in my slides. Because all I did was I said
71:27 hair greasy face and these are the that popped up. All right.
71:34 we're gonna do now we're going to the plane here. We're gonna talk
71:37 the glands of the integra mint. , so we have sebaceous glands.
71:43 glands simply are the glands that produce oily substance called sebum that serves as
71:48 protective barrier to bacteria and other things our skin, bacteria, viruses in
71:55 . Alright, there's typically stimulated by . Think about you're a young
71:59 You never got a zit and then day you woke up and you had
72:02 big old Vesuvius sitting in the middle your forehead? Remember that day?
72:08 how tragic it was? And you your mother you're not going to school
72:12 right Because hormones now these are holocron . Right? So what they do
72:18 they produce their materials and then they explode or rough. And then that
72:23 is then used to coat either the of the skin or hairs. So
72:27 they secrete in their hair follicles, is part of the problem with
72:31 If they're screaming into the hair they can clog up if you have
72:34 and grease and stuff. All But what their purposes is one too
72:39 and lubricate the skin soft and lubricate hair. And also serve as a
72:44 to kill off things living on the . They also help prevent excessive water
72:50 . So what do we do at once a day, take a
72:56 So what are we doing? We're off our protective layers. I'm not
73:00 you don't shower. I'm just letting know what we're doing. Okay,
73:05 this is a protective barrier to bacteria other things that your body has already
73:13 . I have an answer water Um basically because it's surfing as a
73:20 layer or an oily layer, water trapped underneath. Yeah. So it's
73:26 keeping the water from evaporating from your as opposed to allowing you to absorb
73:31 because it also does that as Alright. So then we also have
73:35 different types of sweat glands. All . We have the two different two
73:39 glands. The catch all the two of and the apron glance. All
73:46 all over your body. The only that you're not going to find them
73:49 our on the nipples and the regional them on nipples because nipples are their
73:52 glands, you don't have a gland top of a gland. Right?
73:56 you'll learn about nipples when you do reproductive system. They're just a modified
74:00 glands. It's really interesting. Of the mammary glands and the
74:04 Just the duct work for it. , genitals hold another story. We're
74:10 gonna go there. Alright. But , so we got american and african
74:15 . All right. I'm gonna start the apocrypha gland. The gland.
74:18 are primary local, localized in axillary genital region. So basically your pits
74:23 your pubic regions they empty into hair . You can see right here,
74:28 our hair follicle. There is our pili muscle right there. There's a
74:32 gland right there. There's your african gland. All right. Now,
74:36 do we find in the type of secretion that it produces? Well,
74:41 gonna be very similar to normal What we're going to find an american
74:44 an endocrine gland. But what it's . Yeah, fats and proteins.
74:54 , all these secretions that we produce our bodies are odorless. All
75:01 Kind of nice. But we have living on our bodies. The things
75:06 on our bodies feed on the fats the proteins. And when they finished
75:10 those things, they produce byproducts. are the things that are stinky.
75:16 your body odor should you have It's not your body odor. So
75:21 time you stink and someone says you . So no, no, it's
75:24 me. It's the bacteria in my that stink don't accuse me. I
75:30 . I'll go shower now. All now, why do we have
75:34 These become active right around puberty. right. When you're a little kid
75:38 didn't have these. I have 14 olds. I have 10 year
75:41 10 year olds. They can stink wet dogs but they don't produce the
75:45 of stink that a 14 year old does. All right. We don't
75:53 why they started doing that, but can guess. And so we think
75:58 of their particular locations and the type odors that get produced as a result
76:03 those bacteria that they may serve as sets a sexual scent glands in
76:11 I'm just going to point something out . Have you ever noticed that the
76:14 that you like has a really, nice smell? Notice that the person
76:22 you like has a really nice You're attracted to their to their
76:29 Just say it. Although I guess I don't like I've never noticed that
76:34 smell worse. So, you maybe you just put up with
76:39 Alright, last slide of the Then you get to go home.
76:43 , so this is the creator of gland basically. These are all over
76:47 body. I got famous people show that they sweat too right. It's
76:52 water plus a bunch of other stuff it doesn't have the proteins and the
76:57 that you find in that april Alright, what is this job thermal
77:02 basically I put water on the surface my body. I open up my
77:06 vessels. Heat up that water that evaporates. The heat leaves my body
77:10 . Alright, thermal regulation. Excretion basically get rid of metabolic waste
77:16 well as some salts from our body serves as a side of protection.
77:19 have fun things in our sweat like as well as genocide and antibodies and
77:23 are proteins but it's not the same of proteins, antibodies basically kill things
77:27 markup things they don't kill they actually things. The immune system can kill
77:32 german side and it's awesome. It's another peptide your body produces that kills
77:38 . And you can tell from his Durham skin side and kill kill bacteria
77:42 my skin. All right, this is what is sympathetically regulated. And
77:47 that means I'm exercising when I'm excited I'm energetic or um excited. I
77:54 I got them all in emergencies. when I'll start sweating. All
77:59 And so again you can see the glowing Matthew McConaughey and I can't remember
78:03 that is because I don't remember that of stuff. Alright, when we
78:09 back on thursday musculoskeletal, we're talking the skeleton, Right? Are you
78:18 we're in anatomy finally? Yeah. . That's what I thought. All
78:25 . Mhm.
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