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GEOL6380 - Sequence Stratigraphy - Bhatta-8
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00:52 meeting is being recorded. Just about is online again. Okay, so
04:37 ended the last morning introducing the idea seismic data and Martin secrets photography when
04:51 started with size. And we're gonna about this beginning multiple. I want
05:00 talk about this idea that Sosnick That's the data that you see in
05:06 seismic images. Those reflections bats off reflective reflectors. The underlying geology and
05:15 reflection is what you see as the in size. And one of the
05:23 in seismic interpretation is that the reflections you see bouncing off surfaces that represent
05:32 point in time therefore have cronos graphic significance and the other aspect of
05:40 , which triggered fears that discontinuities could identified by the terminations of reflections.
05:48 if the reflections backs off beds, the reflections terminate that something is the
05:55 reflector, which is the banter between beds is also is also terminated.
06:03 that's the idea of Sosnick deposition packages of seismic data that were bounded
06:11 reflection, terminations that were soon to on conformity. One of the bugbears
06:19 Soshnick data is always faced with Besides the resolution is typically,
06:32 resolution of 10 to 100 m. when I joined Eso Resources Calgary in
06:50 one of the great first courses they was it was, uh, Sosnick
06:57 course and first day, because they're a book. Peter and others a
07:05 26 called Size. And in that , P Veil made the statement that
07:14 sauce with reflections are generated by straight surfaces, which are rather than by
07:21 boundaries of arbitrary, defined traffic Now I don't know what that minutes
07:29 arbitrarily defined, Mr Strata Graphic. haven't talked with photography when I was
07:36 graduate. I've never met much about , the only strategic graffiti that was
07:42 mentioned in my five years of my degree. I get one course called
07:48 and Strong Graphic and Solutions North We have this lawsuit freezes. They
07:53 in the class size and all other photography, environmental faces, analysis,
08:01 structures and a little bit of regional of North America, with some small
08:08 shown in for good measure. So defined Lysistrata graphic units. I don't
08:13 what that was. Now in night 2003 that Bill Dickinson is a giant
08:22 the Senate. Jones and he was at the University of Arizona. I
08:31 I saw gave a talk once Eser the planting of court spells, foreign
08:38 rock fragments as components of sand stones trying it or diagrams. And then
08:45 turned those 50. Those was compositions sand stones as being on the drive
08:54 island arcs, floating thrust balance for platonic Lorraine's. So so he was
09:01 leader in the definition of in the of off composition of sand, stones
09:07 analysis. There, off Georgia He's also part of that Western academic
09:16 ago that when sequence particularly came out P. Veil made statements that
09:22 Reflections of Cronus, Tronic, graphic even worse, that's photography strata.
09:28 patterns Court by CNN changes. They mad that they said you guys never
09:35 of plate tectonics. Don't you The only important thing geology is plate
09:41 . If you were about to were living in another air like you
09:45 go away and leave us alone. so will Dickinson wrote the paper and
09:52 a very annoying title. The place power off myth Geo signs and the
09:59 paid was Prospectus Oven editor. So guess he was the editor of the
10:04 Journal Science. And you describe a of aspect of geology that he felt
10:10 just wrong. And he made a that the conclusion that seismic reflectors are
10:18 a strata craft horizons is clearly Another sense now this statement has to
10:29 errors. One is used to work . Reflections for a seismic data.
10:37 what you see the size of flying . Rest reflect the underlying geology.
10:44 , Pete Vale said, is the are graded by straight surfaces, which
10:51 if you really understand Pete Pete Statement , if there are straight surfaces,
10:56 surfaces, the underlying theme underline message Peace of pizza statement is that is
11:06 straight? All surfaces or things that could put your finger around in the
11:11 ? A straight surfaces in contact, an imaginary line. It's a physical
11:16 that separates rocks above below, and reason you can see that surface fusion
11:21 because there's changed with mythology. I you couldn't found you know where the
11:33 could be. Something a place or sandstone in contact with Sandy Sense.
11:48 , little Dickinson try to basically say bullshit that the American Association of Petroleum
11:55 trying to foist on the floor owes students that read these eight g papers
12:01 being clearly Bill Dickinson's opinion, reflectors reflections. Who the hell knows?
12:10 be calling strata craft on a In another sense now she could tell
12:17 my statement, I don't agree with Field. Dickinson passed away a few
12:23 ago. A lot of students, also very similar. So they were
12:31 . There's no sense. And when joined the University of Houston, I
12:37 teaching Field Cat with one of the professors. It was a structural geologist
12:44 he told me, he said when was at U. C.
12:48 A. We've been told that sequenced feels bullshit. Excuse me for using
12:53 term. That's what Professor Attention that was told at U. C.
12:57 . A. In the two Wow, that's that's an indictment of
13:02 that I do for you. I so clearly, California talk universes world
13:09 big California diversities teaching all of their . Not that secrets generally is
13:15 Junk places. Time to learn. you are. You more paid some
13:20 , Your hard earned money. Perhaps of your companies paying you for me
13:25 teach you about something that if you to U. C l A.
13:28 told them your waste grease from your garbage. So clearly we got a
13:34 of a problem. What I'm gonna is tell you why Bill Dickinson has
13:41 idea what he was talking about. his heart. No. And no
13:47 to him in person, but his of size date it was terrible.
13:54 , do you Facist can relax a bit, because now we're gonna talk
13:57 seismic interpretation. Size your process unless know how sauce with data gathered and
14:05 , you can't understand. Okay, that's Let's review that here. I'm
15:05 draw. So that was shaped my in my Houston house in Montrose.
15:23 I stood by the pool and dropped a pedal here, waves for begin
15:30 away from where I dropped, And then those waves bounce off the
15:39 and they would start to create complex . Complex had one of the
15:45 Okay, now. So here's the pattern before the reflections. Okay,
16:05 would be your looking down a hole rituals of water. So that's the
16:10 it feels. Okay. And by , we could draw any vector.
16:18 , that shows the path of a Ray associated with the entire field.
16:25 this time Graham on right, shows ray pass, Okay, shoot up
16:31 size of source. That, of , shoots energy into the ground that
16:37 away from that wave source and then bounce off. That that that George
16:45 . And then the sound waves are five receivers with me. So it's
16:52 to understand the difference between a ray and a racy. So these rape
17:00 , not every weight, right freight is of interest to us. There
17:04 indeed a ray path. It goes here, bounces off that point and
17:14 the surface there. But there's no phone to hear that, So that
17:18 path is not of interest to us there's no style receiver to receive
17:26 So all the stock I'm is showing the other other ray paths associating with
17:36 pass to flow from the sores to . Now the way that's that the
17:45 of size with data works is you you already last week you may have
17:52 father sized truck. Dynamite. It's . You have a cable. Your
17:57 have other electric source or a source some, some way of shooting sound
18:03 and water. The energy goes those the earth bounced off the layers and
18:11 back. And so that's receiver. , 234567 months. So at the
18:24 of the seismic survey, you hear make it sound and you've got a
18:31 from your phone. And so let's imagine, that's one point trying image
18:37 his face. Then he moved. ready? Cases vote. Folks
18:42 and then you get another explosion, now you send off a source.
18:48 is that same point in space. now imagine again with green,
18:55 You notice that that's traveling a and it takes more time to go
19:00 source to the point of subsurface, that is received by a Jew phone
19:06 so time. One that did that literally got a signal back from that
19:13 in space. It's on to it you from four that received signal off
19:20 that point is in the subsurface to that we move you right again,
19:28 explosion. And there's that same point being imaged by the red right.
19:34 time the sound has travel even further the angle of offset season greater it
19:41 that point now it gets received. you from six. Okay, So
19:46 ? So now what we have a is we have in print out of
19:52 signals that each year phone is reading each time point in time. So
19:58 one Giaffone gets information about that point space that may be refused a second
20:05 seems information about that same point in from a great path traveled wrong and
20:12 a little late there in time. seems more information about that same point
20:16 space Marie path. Let's take even to go from the source to reflect
20:23 back to to your phone sex. that all this all the state collected
20:31 different times by different uniforms and I a gas, that data gave it
20:36 in 15 So that's called gathering. with So here's the experiment. Just
20:44 you these ray paths, you united just straight down point and get
20:54 getting makes, you know, travel the time it takes for the waves
20:58 go down to a point. Can have dynamite? You have a gina
21:05 on top of each other. You'll up your juice right to the reason
21:09 we have to have the DJIA phone source. Is that the phone for
21:15 noise to laugh? Thanks. That's you always have to Gaea phones away
21:20 the way you want to do is all this data off the same point
21:25 space, selects that different times by further and further away from that
21:31 gathered together into one file acting And then we get a single stat
21:39 debt point gatherer. Okay, that shows reflection that is bouncing off that
21:46 in space. Right? We do with this by collecting data about the
21:56 point of space at different times different that progressive further away from from the
22:07 . That's the essence of how to . No problem, because the authority
22:15 phones here here the reflection off that later in time. If I take
22:24 trace 123 and four just at the together, right? I'm gonna find
22:29 that peak Carling's with that trough, cancel each other out. That's called
22:36 interference. Okay, so in order what we're trying to do is party
22:44 . Is that is that these Sambo's ? And you get a very You
22:56 what I said? I said very , You get a very quiet
23:01 Let me ask you a question. it Basil to do to make
23:10 What did they do to make Then he put his piano on the
23:18 . Um, but he wrote music he wanted to descend loud. So
23:24 did you make it sound? They anything to do with preparations with what
23:34 have anything to do with Inc? . Is it timing because it has
23:42 do with this timing. Music No, we didn't have any Put
23:53 ear to the ground. And here vibrations. No, it wasn't about
23:58 . Hearing it have happened may use loud music so audiences could hear something
24:07 . For me, it's like instance right? No they got close to
24:19 played super low. Okay, so kind of a trick question. So
24:27 he did is he wrote a symphony , so rather have a symbol
24:32 which is quiet. He had 10 , so he basically had he had
24:36 same instrument, played by 10 exactly unison to make music. So
24:44 had to fight sound just like by same. Let's have 10 bombings round
24:49 , and then then you'll have a violence. So basically, you
24:54 he wrote String quartets, Violent show missing something. Four straight instruments.
25:07 that's all quiet if you wanted it music, music for an entire
25:13 the Knights rather than a single person he had acquired. So the way
25:19 made music loud before their amplifiers was simply adding more singers. Violinists.
25:26 I'm a drummer, professional plumber. have to drum it was drugs or
25:31 violates client. So if you want have you know, a violin student
25:35 now it is the bass drum and Symphony. You have to have you
25:39 20 violence, right? It doesn work for a concert. It could
25:46 a way that Jimmy page of Led got a lad stay single are flooding
25:52 an amplifier. Okay, so, data shoot with Seems all these various
26:00 for flesh sound reflections back and the physics had to figure out a way
26:05 make it was the flexion laugh to the signal to noise ratio. They
26:10 that by collecting information about the same in space with GeneCo's progressively further away
26:17 the source and the further you waste , you know, you also get
26:23 direct ways in the source different to receiver. It's so close to your
26:28 tend to hear noise so far to phones. This decision I get from
26:34 point is quiet, but they don't noise from that from the souls,
26:40 ? That's when you all of these together now that they've involved backup
26:51 So we be taking these gathers. What do you do this your whole
27:00 from? So it's to be trapped the vertical axis. Staten philosophy.
27:05 is still a killing Travel time. , take all these points collected at
27:10 times in space that represent progressively longer travel times and forces them to
27:17 Okay, what that does is it it makes four clients returns from that
27:25 into something that's loud, and that signals more inspiration. So here's an
27:35 of a free staff gather this is data. So you called first
27:44 which is the also the title of Jeffers of the Situation Monthly magazine that's
27:54 the It's called directly. You've also some around the ways in the middle
27:59 . This is all knowing, These hot wallet sections these reflections represent
28:07 reflections off a single point by the vehicles. In this case, you
28:14 your phone's probably drag that are basically either side of the point of
28:22 So what we wanna do is take free stat gather, which in this
28:26 has 12345678 About 14 or 15 separate in each of these lines represents
28:36 And there was a lot together fast to today. I was a young
28:43 , early days, world business, trump 24 data and then it got
28:48 fold, 266 for you. So that does is it? Hands
28:54 more inspiration. Of course, there's mathematics that you can use Teoh that
29:08 together. So here's Here's a priest gather right. That's the offset data
29:23 what we do is apply what's called stacking Velocity. You noticed that
29:30 This is all about a terrific So we see it. Staten
29:33 It's pretty tight because I go There's more uncertain status. You see
29:39 things straighten out nicely in shallow data not working so well. There are
29:47 people do nothing but sausage processing for for Pachuca's. You'll also notice that
29:56 felt this this reverberation here, Matt's cutting three actual primary reflections of thes
30:04 primal restrictions on this is that first that's coming through and you notice that
30:09 direct way this is curved up right what we do is so this is
30:16 migrated number. Move out Lawson, they won't do. It is taking
30:23 an exact way cut off all this Day. That's not so good,
30:29 there's actually geological possession size with David . In this case, it's just
30:33 throw away, right? So what do now is take all these all
30:40 way to preserve horizontal stripes. Anything digitally removes that more sophisticated processing trying
30:48 keep the horizontal stripes. So this a real time digital size of process
30:55 is much more sophisticated. No, data here, just the pre staff
31:04 gather with normal move out a correction that for the priest act, migration
31:10 in it. And then we get on just slap all day. That
31:15 in a single trace. And then started to print out the size of
31:24 on how long the sauce is. we have a trace every 25
31:29 10 thermometer. Here's the math. kilometers, his 10,000 m every 25
31:40 . Um, I do this for . Yeah, that would be 4
31:54 individual traces. Each trace represents 56 steps each trace, for example,
32:06 that you have five seconds a day , right? That's 5000 milliseconds.
32:12 means you might have 5000 digital samples every three stacked trays if there's two
32:19 three stat traces. That story on multiplied by by, uh uh,
32:28 traces and in three sizes but you 10,000 traces that ends up being millions
32:37 millions and millions of hits. Everything located next space. This calls,
32:46 it admits problems for the conference. first process on size with the two
32:54 . Eric Johnson Season Green, They . Well, let's form a computer
32:57 from Texas Instruments process size. Those became bigger than this. IBM picked
33:05 on the solution, began building that company called Wang Computers. And I
33:12 S or resources Calvary in icing. ? We had an entire floor off
33:18 33 story building with a special air room that house for computers that were
33:27 exclusively devoted to processing size three So one of the reasons why you
33:36 I are sitting here today enjoying this signal processing mess of computing power sees
33:44 because of the need for computer So we end up with this picture
33:52 geology now one of things hurt off seismic. Three Inside indicators this notion
34:03 coherence, which looks a continuity of reflections for coherence forks matter, but
34:10 its verdict. If you have layers up on top of each other,
34:15 between layers results in a lack of . If you had a sense over
34:21 , a sharp contact that that's that's from here. That contrast grill producing
34:29 . The course natural produces reflections in . The important thing is, if
34:36 that, if that. If that clocked at between layers is continuous as
34:41 certain across an area that it will to constructively interfere to produce a strong
34:49 , it's a gradation exam. It'll noise. And it seems so.
34:55 data is explicitly that the physics of you process on the physics of the
35:02 it's collected are are exactly designed to the imaging off certain geological services in
35:11 batteries by definition of Cronus writing, service, so many services. Even
35:22 the lift locks contrasts, we'll talk that when they get in just before
35:29 . So the staff in processing offsides enhances signal to noise ratio ability to
35:39 laters persons noise. This allows and allows it to image bed contacts and
35:48 look false. It is the inclusive , fun, strong, you
35:53 if the density contrast between two layers small but it's coherent, then you're
35:59 to see. That's why within fairy shell packages still see reflections. It's
36:05 because the left much contrast strong. is because the surface that separates shale
36:16 physical here in your watch from contact that means in Sosnick data ended up
36:23 exquisitely designed, imaged erotic services as consequence. What building consider failed to
36:37 because he never worked for the This project has never looked at it
36:41 a size with certainly had never taken inside of processing, let alone actually
36:47 a text. Processing simply didn't understand , for very nature, off industry
36:56 so unfortunate his family is correct. not because he's a stupid first
37:02 It's because he just ignorance about about size. I don't know. I
37:11 no lots of smart people who extremely about about things, part of the
37:17 of being a smart first, especially is that you know more more about
37:24 and less until eventually you know everything right, so specialization is okay.
37:33 of the dangers of being a specialist everything about everything. So one of
37:38 other aspects of jelly with petroleum drawn his team, if you're all lucky
37:45 to have careers in your business. never gonna be able to know
37:50 So the critical thing is, if work in a geologist, make sure
37:54 do. Physicists understand what that person . Make sure you know about petroleum
38:00 work. And if you need go talk to you Part of danger
38:09 academics. And I think the indulgent what they're smarter than you think.
38:13 certain statements and getting published and reviewed people that are willing to call out
38:19 . Incorrect information. Focus. Pete fail explicitly understood the difference between
38:26 ? Seismic data image and what a his size with line with.
38:35 okay, I've shown that with sand with orange color and the shameless for
38:44 with raid white color, they're not in the base of a sandy
38:49 okay? And their space number But I think you could see right
38:56 that those yellow lines are not paying . Seismic, which is difficult obliquely
39:02 that yellow line, which is the sensed on former. So that's the
39:09 strata graph, which is an armature basically open. Forcing faces succession.
39:18 that that you correctly drawn with a because it's not a Chronos drawn a
39:23 service even though it's the base of mythos. Tried a graphic unit.
39:30 , there's that. There's the If you need to be that sandy
39:35 of lying now you notice that information actually in court started. So the
39:47 between Thea underlying sand on the overlying with is comics with a big
39:56 Well, long but also correlates to socket fractures. So in some
40:01 the default logical bang gree calling sanity of surface and other cases it doesn't
40:09 , Say we're back contact with marine of shelling sandstone. Hello is defined
40:15 that is actually from a strong traffic was the battle between the Delta front
40:22 flowed out to shale is issues. introduces no coherence, reflection. So
40:34 is the kind of data that the looked at, he said.
40:38 we see these soft reflections on these reflections. So here's an upper
40:45 terminating against lower section call out Anybody against these in a minute? That
40:55 be all that we see determination, little reflection against for reflection. What
41:02 that be way. Have a blackout . Truncation Lewis Trump readings. Lower
41:14 , but it's on last five Seafood sequence tree is eroded by by seems
41:20 on secrets one about the relative sequence to talk collapse events. So these
41:28 at Unit three represents a coherent, informal, static reflections that separated from
41:36 Tune, which consists of a relatively formal stacked with functions that dip in
41:41 different direction. Of course, the band represents the way, don't know
41:48 that safe sort of erosion because of processes, whether it's a marine
41:54 whether it's a tilting on conformity, just a coherent reflections with internally consistent
42:01 geometry that's founded Die Services. Can ask you sort of a basic question
42:10 we move for eso with seismic reflection . I really recently it zone impedance
42:21 . It creates the reflection event, ? That's correct. Okay, So
42:28 Scott Trust that can be caused by other than changes in mythology like that
42:34 be caused by overpressure for danger. things, Kurt. Okay, but
42:46 way to think about that is that's essence of baby. All right,
42:51 you have fluids in the reservoir, you'll get stronger or weaker reflection.
42:56 if you have a share on sand , you'll get a reflection. If
43:02 if the Senate is loosely cementing, with gas said it actually might be
43:07 in shape. Okay, used the type cemented. It hasn't gas be
43:14 . And if the gas those that Water sand rather extend will be
43:23 Having said that, contact between the and changing for probably always moving reflection
43:29 the strength of the Fletcher change Defending his gas charge for the question can
43:37 and all certain inside flies. If got a gas brothers, you
43:45 and that wash out and they actually you a vertical foundry. Gas,
43:52 , drugs. So let's fluid. definitely reflections in size, with no
44:00 having said that, sometimes the gas , Gassman, maybe maybe rotational.
44:08 they nevertheless feel change in strength. size data We've got reflections got the
44:19 free. Conceive all those accidents of change by the velocity of related there's
44:28 layers as well as people contrast three between fluids. That's a great question
44:40 , If I was forced to stand one leg and describe sequenced in one
44:45 . I would probably say that last was probably the most important about
44:52 Certainly absolutely division example of seismic This is largely data before we notice
45:01 the vertical axis here is in seconds. And so, as a
45:08 of thumb water's Got have lost about m per second. Very soft.
45:14 . It's about saying clay or sand be a couple of 1000 of a
45:23 and rock lawsuits get way too 4 maybe faster. Things like salt.
45:36 that means is that Is that one size with data rough? Many colleagues
45:42 Salama of Rock Villaseca, besides, data, is roughly a meter.
45:51 this has That's about 100 milliseconds to milliseconds so that represented about 100 m
46:00 . And there there's about 70 m water. That's what you see is
46:06 , long reflections. There There's baby this 100 m of security. There's
46:17 10 maybe 20 reflections for 20 reflections board, I say 100 m.
46:26 about five years, so each of reflections that 5 m is so this
46:32 very hard resolution. Seismic data. is not the kind of dating you've
46:36 in the old business. This is kind of size and academics it's also
46:42 . Finding on this is to serve a platform started decided to get high
46:50 images off the layering in the actual shelf. What we see is flatline
47:01 probably represent shelton mud stones. And clearly the service that is truncating into
47:08 flatline layers. And way would interpret as a floating in sauce fat,
47:15 reflecting the last station racks of 18,000 . Then what you see is his
47:24 cape down reflections right and, see these con cape down reflections
47:52 The idea what those might be. is that in front of deposition?
48:07 that's programming down to the space? it on? Nothing. It's on
48:24 . Yes. What's the environment It's a Mandarin River. I just
48:33 want look block diagram from the and Amanda about filling up the excise
48:40 Great. So this is Marine shout . Here we have point bars.
48:47 bars are filling a beautiful inside. , So this high resolution data allows
48:55 to see the environments of deposition very . There's an outcrop example of it
49:01 size Valley. This is Karen There's the incised valley with bars inside
49:08 , and they're coming into shallow So we have truncation of the of
49:16 Marine sediments because of a cement withdraw comes valley. The valley gets filled
49:22 the and remember superimposes river deposits on additional marine faces that are not next
49:29 succession, so that violates the Okay, somehow I did Here,
49:48 turned out, so is example of . See different platforms out from
49:57 You see, sand up here is in a share. When I went
50:02 to the ship, right, this a pro grading river dominated outside
50:10 We went on top of it out and collected ground penetrating rifle, which
50:16 very similar. Hurting fits for two data, but it shoes radar waves
50:20 the ground that are much, much frequency than size before. Of
50:25 these air layer these layers about 20 thick, and this image is illustrates
50:32 fact that that gene physical data is off layers and force the signal is
50:39 when you go from the reflective sand into the non reflective shares.
50:46 radar data penetrate, have water. that's true. Found water in places
50:52 radar data. So once again, gets us to this side.
50:59 off. Okay, now there's this is, is wrong that Okay,
51:24 attention, Followers. There are two times down sort baseball first to upper
51:38 , terminating against lower sorts, a on talk terminating guest service below.
51:48 , you can have a certain this down laps in a baseball direction for
51:54 laps on that down both types of . So if I have a front
52:03 , but I've got a unit on of it, that's down. Those
52:10 both varieties of based talk, You haven't up to surface talk like
52:20 where you had lower surface Turk aiding the proper service. So that's talking
52:26 master lower service terminated against purposes. is trump. Occasional talk laugh.
52:37 is deposition, but those talks with so two broad categories of lap out
52:47 laughing, baseline subdivide base lack. down lap. We stopped about
52:53 laugh into deposition talk, laugh in right? That's not well illustrated.
53:01 , of course, we have. this destroyers, if you have that
53:06 , even if they're folded, If layers are conforming to each other than
53:10 call that form, it is younger overlapping older. My position and that
53:23 it. Thes opera layers overlap bottom , but this most striking terminations.
53:28 no lockout now. We could also top relationships, down lap information chairs
53:40 add them together. That produces This thing sort of additional Palm
53:46 which are 30 was off, but the record unit that shows down,
53:53 and talked about the same okay as to down. So it stand out
54:04 of current rating, but they're not This is not off this. So
54:13 you see relationships, demands to the horizontal degradation for for you had for
54:25 have a p, a relationship that sometimes difficult to distinguish educational talk,
54:35 from deposition and that's not always But it gets even worse because sometimes
54:41 a beautiful looks like this and these so fan that seismic data image them
54:59 it looks like the ability distinguished something pro grading with sen tall versus something
55:12 this could be difficult. But of , these latter patters liars inferences about
55:23 like shorelines referee, whether the sentiments retro grating for a great and ultimately
55:32 they have relationships to transgressions progressions. this case, we have You
55:37 if it's down laughing so clearly, know that the system is migrating
55:44 these units wrong, dropping so clearly migrating in that. So if you
55:57 a neat yourself, you could do . Do so now. I asked
56:06 a question. Just be proud. . What is this? What is
56:28 ? Stop ! What is this? , not again. All laugh
56:38 right? What is this? What this? What is this? The
56:57 there is in this You guys doing ? When was that? You can
57:04 the most. I'm drawing with a so I can see. So let's
57:16 how we did. It was the of sequences. You left your
57:24 There's down last. There's a lot . Now here's a munis off
57:29 Okay. These units are all And so the younger units are on
57:34 . The only units down. That's it. Here the hear of the
57:40 sequences in this example? Hair. saw some of the mountain. Thanks
57:45 flat bottoms on. Those were his little mounted carbonate reefs.
57:53 James and his student feared we have fault. There's a scale three
58:04 and we felt, But we have 0.7 to 1.4 seconds. Events about
58:11 seconds. That's 700 milliseconds. That's 700 m. So about 2100 super
58:21 stacks of rocks. So not everything the next thing will talk about is
58:36 faces. Yeah, In addition to laptop patterns, we can all distinguish
58:45 sequences from climate form sequences for slapped lighters, and that allows us to
58:52 deposition. Lawrence. So in the of of the of this seismic section
58:58 , here's the flat out. there's there is a unit there
59:04 It's on the termination. But here's sort of things flatline this those be
59:12 chef performance that we have different things would be the continental smoke shall first
59:19 . There is a lovely should ban that separates the shelf faces from smoke
59:25 saw faces. It's quite simple, Assad faces cross front. Some of
59:34 diagram here just does some of the find finds of Soshnick configurations might see
59:41 no means now. The other thing could do is you've been emphasizing
59:50 and you could also matter sequences. this mounted unit here, that's a
59:57 lab limit. That's it's thickest here the finish in that direction, things
60:03 that direction for cross section. So the math, and I met you
60:14 here. That's what futures down. laugh limits and you can find that
60:21 left down on successive to the size crimes. And then you match that
60:26 . So that's the That's the That's slow deposit that we can match the
60:35 . And that's what we used to days within two sides lines, paper
60:40 of all of these days. So can actually, uh, that
60:49 actually, interventions Yeah, you could . Is this map the thickness of
60:55 packages into travel time? That's colonizer . We have Davis in depth,
61:03 out from the start. Hopefully, heard about ice packs of my supporters
61:14 these cross sections, usually for into to as much as three decided it
61:22 matter. In two days, like Power Luxury sometimes saw the lines are
61:40 where they're connected and gets worse with data. Or you may have
61:49 But of course, you know, talk about this extensively. You could
61:52 at the left that patterns of chronic that received an a trip.
62:02 I'm gonna just take a little break . I should've giving the basic principles
62:11 . Off, off, processing We'll take a little break,
62:21 It's three of my jobs was to time. Let's take a 10
62:27 10 or 15 minutes. 10 10 minutes. Finish talking
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