| 00:01 | That's sorry about that delay. I lost the record button and I had |
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| 00:36 | go find it. And also and when you try to move a slideshow |
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| 00:46 | on this thing, it hides the to go thio full slide mode. |
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| 00:57 | , now we're gonna be looking at aspects of development and production. Certainly |
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| 01:02 | not going to look at all of , but we're going to look at |
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| 01:05 | elements related to that. And since is kind of the last step that |
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| 01:12 | have, um, just kind of the difference here in this slide between |
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| 01:19 | expiration, expiration appraisal, which we've had. But development, the thing |
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| 01:28 | development production results is there in real . And if you make a |
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| 01:34 | it's real obvious you made a And, uh, you know, |
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| 01:39 | lot of I don't know how it these days when things were kind of |
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| 01:45 | in slow mode. But when the the industry's active frontier people, we'll |
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| 01:52 | his amazingly incredible things. And of , they're very optimistic, I guess |
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| 01:58 | realizing that risk evaluation is not And but they passed things on that |
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| 02:06 | might want to consider is half Then the expiration people gotta bake |
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| 02:14 | And then the appraisal people grade the people on how well they baked it |
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| 02:19 | didn't. And uh and then the and production people or like, |
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| 02:26 | we've made some money off of How can we make more? And |
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| 02:29 | , uh, they often think that the risk has gone at that point |
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| 02:33 | time. But there's still a lot things. Uh, that could hamper |
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| 02:39 | development or production exercise. For if you're doing a water flood and |
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| 02:45 | don't know that South Marschallin 1 28 didn't know that a lot of the |
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| 02:50 | of the partners had no idea we strata graphic traps. But in |
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| 02:54 | we did, and that's gonna have big impact on a water flood |
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| 02:59 | And, uh, excuse me. didn't know, but mobile New Amoco |
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| 03:04 | one of the companies at that point , it didn't. Okay, so |
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| 03:13 | , of course, to trying to that cash flow. And, you |
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| 03:19 | , what are we missing? What we get out of it? Company |
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| 03:22 | Hill Corp really goes into fields that already gone through appraisal, and they |
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| 03:28 | to develop that resource. The co of this book, I don't know |
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| 03:35 | company they own or in charge of now, but they have owned a |
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| 03:38 | of companies that basically would go into North Sea and pick up acreage that |
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| 03:44 | been, um, well appraised and . And they went in to try |
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| 03:52 | , develop any assets that were left . And I think, um, |
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| 03:58 | a lot of really inexpensive opportunity on shelf in the Gulf of Mexico because |
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| 04:05 | there are literally hundreds of fields that been left in waiting that they're probably |
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| 04:14 | a clever I and a lot of ideas. Development could be, |
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| 04:19 | rather significantly utilized in terms of getting a fridge. It's probably not that |
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| 04:30 | . It's particularly have farming's and, , making some money out of |
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| 04:37 | And of course, production is kind really focusing in on stuff that we |
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| 04:45 | of knew was there. But way to try additional methods to try to |
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| 04:50 | that oil and gas out of the . And one thing about this is |
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| 05:00 | is that you have a lot of data. Excuse me. Dynamic |
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| 05:04 | You can actually look at production records and get in idea of things. |
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| 05:11 | producing the way you thought they were to be produced. Okay, so |
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| 05:17 | of that, um data includes production profiles, which we pointed out |
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| 05:22 | the last, uh, the end appraisal there, um, fluid pressure |
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| 05:27 | through time, fluid composition over the of production, which would include |
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| 05:34 | oil ratio or water cut. Or , uh, whether you're gone from |
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| 05:40 | delight or certain compounds on absolutely certain Basat has actually worked on some projects |
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| 05:49 | where they actually look at some of compositions changing through the production history. |
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| 05:55 | this is, ah, production history idealize water drive. Kind of showing |
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| 06:02 | what's gonna happen in a field. , uh, you know, basically |
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| 06:12 | appraisal, you tryto track down where gonna put all these wells and |
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| 06:15 | But a zoo start producing. You you know your oil water is going |
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| 06:19 | cut down. You're gonna get this recovery factor. I think one of |
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| 06:24 | reasons why the price of oil before Cove in 19. The reason |
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| 06:30 | the price of oil since about 2014 has been down for so long in |
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| 06:39 | midst of demand is because the rule thumb that works with conventional um, |
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| 06:48 | you start producing 50% water, you in and, uh, and |
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| 06:57 | they don't really have a cut off that because sometimes they're best. |
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| 07:01 | start out at 50 percent water And that's part of the reason why |
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| 07:06 | have enough. Prasit e and permeability have oil in it, actually having |
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| 07:10 | leg. So, uh, what be a natural decision maker for someone |
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| 07:21 | was running conventional wells? It's not for people running unconventional wells. And |
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| 07:26 | you have that high water cut, other thing you've done is created a |
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| 07:31 | issue with what a waste water And that's been going on in a |
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| 07:38 | scale. And there's been some There's been a least Texas. I |
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| 07:43 | there's been a least two major sinkholes from from ruptured waste sites where the |
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| 07:52 | envelope of the reservoir they filling ruptured somewhere and it drained, and it |
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| 07:57 | a sinkhole in the middle where the wells were and some people still haven't |
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| 08:03 | that out. But the only the thing that could have and would have |
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| 08:06 | and it's so obvious, I'm not why they let it happen. But |
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| 08:10 | have been being more careful where they it or not. Since then and |
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| 08:18 | here we have one where you start with, you know, here's an |
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| 08:22 | production. We get a little bit ah, a peak or plateau, |
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| 08:28 | then they will rate starts dropping start producing this and then maybe you |
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| 08:32 | old, all thio gas, oil then and then you're going to get |
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| 08:42 | issue with your water cut being just high. If you were doing that |
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| 08:48 | , where would you look at doing recovery? If it made sense for |
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| 08:53 | field, well, you wouldn't do by one wealth. You wouldn't pick |
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| 08:58 | on one. Well, this would , um ah, and you |
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| 09:06 | you can plot these for fields, , but, um, this by |
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| 09:14 | large, when you start seeing this off, you know, whatever it |
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| 09:17 | you've got straws in is running out oil and you know, any anywhere |
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| 09:24 | get probably somewhere down here on this somewhere. Start thinking about ways to |
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| 09:30 | it. Are you leaving oil Which would be, ah, Riel |
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| 09:34 | issue. Um, are you bypassing ? Which would be a better development |
|
| 09:43 | , that kind of thing. And this was for the whole field. |
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| 09:47 | when you start looking for I when your real happy and everything is |
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| 09:51 | a lot of oil and gas, , you probably wouldn't have to worry |
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| 09:55 | it here. Another thing that while doing this, um, you might |
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| 10:01 | some information on your water drive and of your water drive and start thinking |
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| 10:07 | things like that at certain places in field. It's It's not always gonna |
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| 10:13 | . Hmm. Straight forward. Easy do. But a zoo start declining |
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| 10:19 | oil and oil production. Or if just gas gas production. That's when |
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| 10:24 | start looking for what am I leaving ? And that's when you start getting |
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| 10:28 | the development in the production things. , So, energy, the |
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| 10:37 | uh, or reservoir Dr is an thing. I think this has more |
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| 10:46 | my typical, uh, three right or five right answers here, but |
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| 10:54 | , maybe not. But, the basic types of Dr we have |
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| 10:58 | gas X solution, gas cap and I prefer a water drive. |
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| 11:06 | type is compaction drive, which is chalks in the North Sea air. |
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| 11:15 | have compaction drive to them because you those those little Cal Karius Nana fossil |
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| 11:25 | like this. And as they produce oil, it starts to collapse like |
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| 11:28 | , and that's shrinking is definitely result compaction. There's other different types of |
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| 11:35 | . And then, of course, drive could be something but usually things |
|
| 11:41 | look for our gas expansion and the water drive. And here's one which |
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| 11:50 | X solution drive. And what makes different in the gas cap expansion drive |
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| 11:58 | in this case, you don't actually a gas cap. But the pressure |
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| 12:07 | , as you get to a certain , your pressure is going to drop |
|
| 12:11 | . And maybe not in this particular . And they don't have any, |
|
| 12:15 | , any, uh, pressure numbers there. Look at, but ATT's |
|
| 12:21 | point in time. The gas will to to come out of solution, |
|
| 12:26 | the pressure drops and when it It'll start expanding the whole oil |
|
| 12:31 | You know, a little bit of will come out over, the gas |
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| 12:33 | come out. Some of it might , migrate, and start creating a |
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| 12:37 | gas cap. But that's basically, how I guess X solution would be |
|
| 12:45 | energy to help push that oil out the ground. Another one would be |
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| 12:50 | gas expansion route and the gas cap and a Z you're producing. |
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| 13:00 | the gas expands. You have a cap in the gas cap, expands |
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| 13:04 | and more. Maybe some gas will out of solution and add to |
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| 13:08 | And that doesn't. And then, , in another case, you maybe |
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| 13:13 | all all oil, and you've got water drive now. Biggest field I |
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| 13:19 | worked on with South Marshall in 1 Uh, for a three square mile |
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| 13:26 | . Uh, Scott Field stuff was , but South Marshall, when I |
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| 13:32 | a development geologist on it, and different definitely had a guess. Camp |
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| 13:38 | on. We had an aquifer and aquifer was more prominent. Of |
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| 13:42 | the water drive is going to be of your one of your strongest energy |
|
| 13:48 | , but often times, even though have these five different possibilities, it's |
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| 13:54 | to be some combination of gas cap AK refer or maybe aquifer with gas |
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| 14:01 | solution and then gas cap expansion Drive little later on, uh, that |
|
| 14:06 | of thing. You know, we toe list what these different energy sources |
|
| 14:10 | be. And here's here's an example compaction Drive. Uh, and you |
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| 14:18 | , you've got you say you had grains that world stacked orthogonal e and |
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| 14:25 | all of a sudden they rotate uh, they come off that and |
|
| 14:30 | filling in the gap, and you compaction that way. And it's It's |
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| 14:36 | unrealistic to expect that the oil volume a reservoir is helping to support to |
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| 14:47 | extent the ferocity that's available. And you remove that volume, the grains |
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| 14:54 | rotate and and while also reduces the of things being cemented, the segmentation |
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| 15:01 | gonna have toe happen before will oil . And S o uh, this |
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| 15:10 | happen in a lot of sandstone reservoirs but at a smaller scale than what |
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| 15:16 | was describing for the chalks and the effect Compact so much, and I |
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| 15:25 | guess I mentioned it, but the were talking about exploration examples with the |
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| 15:32 | cloud cap. Excuse me. When Cal Karius grains collapsed, all sorts |
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| 15:41 | words are coming out of my mouth any thought at all. So when |
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| 15:44 | collapses, you can you can lose much as 80% of the volume and |
|
| 15:50 | Mawr a Z you start to produce oil and gas. If you had |
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| 15:55 | sandstone that did went from here to , you might go from something like |
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| 16:00 | 30% to a 25%. And here kind of gravity drive, and it |
|
| 16:10 | of basis is based on you've got heavy up here. It can come |
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| 16:15 | . This normally would end up being oil what we would call at a |
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| 16:19 | . But if some of the heavy will, we'll migrate down and kind |
|
| 16:24 | going to here in the gas moves the top. Aziz, you have |
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| 16:27 | solution. Uh, you're getting some drive out of that attic oil, |
|
| 16:33 | this is again showing what I was back here on a combination of two |
|
| 16:39 | here you have. Ah, Dr. Anna. Gas drive at |
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| 16:42 | same time. And this is really on the shelf in the Gulf of |
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| 16:48 | . I mean, almost every field like that. Uh huh. Up |
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| 16:52 | the shelf. And at least in , uh from about Eugene Island, |
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| 17:02 | , east. Okay, well, and execution becomes an important thing. |
|
| 17:10 | of course, we talked about exploration . But here you get into |
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| 17:15 | that is just gonna be producing certain . We could have injection wells. |
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| 17:21 | , we could have utility wells, , to produce or dispose of certain |
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| 17:28 | that we might want to look if want to get rid of some some |
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| 17:33 | water or something like that. And course, another one is kill. |
|
| 17:39 | , so often called, uh, wells. But I always called him |
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| 17:44 | Wells and the two I drilled. the East Cameron 81 8. Number |
|
| 17:49 | . Um, sorting out your well could be important. And you reaches |
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| 17:57 | , uh, by the time you into this, get this part of |
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| 18:02 | game, you know where the shallow might be. You know where overpressure |
|
| 18:06 | pressure is You know, you have worry about mudslides, like a main |
|
| 18:12 | , and and so a lot of things they're ever present. But any |
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| 18:16 | you do anything, uh, you gotta look for these things. |
|
| 18:22 | even when I was doing fieldwork in Carolina and we had a CMI 55 |
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| 18:27 | rig that could, uh, if use the my tank, we could |
|
| 18:32 | do water wells close to 2000 But we were doing Auger course, |
|
| 18:38 | are drilling hazards that we had to about were buried cables, buried |
|
| 18:44 | all sorts of stuff. Well, you're when you're in a protect producing |
|
| 18:50 | , you gotta watch out for all infrastructure that's laying around, too. |
|
| 18:54 | , because trust me, things have and you don't want him to happen |
|
| 18:59 | . Okay, then, um, all sorts you can do to stimulate |
|
| 19:04 | on, come up with better completions think I, um I did a |
|
| 19:16 | gravel packs, uh, where we relatively fine grain sands, and we |
|
| 19:22 | put some gravel in there to kind slow the sand production down, and |
|
| 19:26 | there's all sorts of things you can like that because when you're producing that |
|
| 19:31 | , you don't wanna bring anything else . Because if you do, you |
|
| 19:33 | to dispose of it. And when offshore, could be expensive and on |
|
| 19:38 | . Not cheap, either. There's things you can do that to damage |
|
| 19:43 | formation. And by by this point time, you probably figured out that |
|
| 19:47 | got lots of feldspar is in and an acid track is not gonna |
|
| 19:50 | very well because it's going to turn the compounds and the fellas spars into |
|
| 19:56 | gel that's gonna clog up your reservoir destroy it. A lot of different |
|
| 20:00 | like that. And then, of , uh, you do a lot |
|
| 20:04 | , well, logging and testing terms pressures and stuff like that. |
|
| 20:10 | so here is, um this kind looks like a field I would have |
|
| 20:15 | on in the Gulf of Mexico on shelf where we would have a platform |
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| 20:20 | , uh, all of our deviated coming off of that platform to cover |
|
| 20:25 | things. Um, oftentimes we have completions. You can work in countries |
|
| 20:32 | places, and where they went, don't let you do Dole completions because |
|
| 20:38 | want toe keep really close tabs on what reservoir that oil and gas air |
|
| 20:43 | from and could be an issue with mixing, too. But a lot |
|
| 20:50 | times in a shell for the Gulf Mexico. Um, it's a good |
|
| 20:59 | to do multiple completions. They They started doing it in Trinidad, |
|
| 21:05 | ? I got down there and I figure out why they weren't doing |
|
| 21:08 | So I said, You know, of getting 400 barrels of oil out |
|
| 21:11 | the well per day, you could 800 if you just put two together |
|
| 21:15 | they go, Oh, we're worried all the and I'm told, |
|
| 21:18 | complete the ones that are next to other. Compositions aren't that much |
|
| 21:22 | You know that kind of thing. then you have to worry about the |
|
| 21:25 | trying to tax it the right And if they have a really complicated |
|
| 21:28 | scheme, you have to worry about on shore. The different types of |
|
| 21:32 | is ations. You can have in of levels of formations, can cause |
|
| 21:36 | sorts of problems, and but offshore was mostly all know where I was |
|
| 21:43 | , anyway, was Lower playa Sands have pretty much had the same |
|
| 21:48 | of oil in it. And when worked with lips when I worked with |
|
| 21:56 | Mobile, almost every well I did dual completion. So if I could |
|
| 22:00 | 800 a day out of out of formation, that could put 22 completions |
|
| 22:04 | there and get 1600 a day, that made the pipe worth worth the |
|
| 22:09 | of putting in the ground. And many of those were set up with |
|
| 22:13 | . It could be moved. So we produced some of the lower lower |
|
| 22:18 | , we were going to go up produce the younger units. For that |
|
| 22:22 | , they started drilling deeper and they deeper reservoirs, so they started focusing |
|
| 22:26 | them. So, you know, may still be getting 33,000 barrels of |
|
| 22:31 | a day out of that field. have no idea, but that's the |
|
| 22:34 | of things you do. And of , there's lots of ways with three |
|
| 22:41 | now to enhance your ability to see you're going, you don't always have |
|
| 22:45 | imagine things in three D when you images like this, this is out |
|
| 22:50 | There's a diagram like this in inglorious . He sent me this slide. |
|
| 22:55 | wasn't the exact mhm thing in the , but it was It was pretty |
|
| 23:01 | to the same kind of thing where can see, uh, producing, |
|
| 23:08 | , layer and figure out a lot details in and see the well, |
|
| 23:11 | come cutting through it. And one the things that really got started to |
|
| 23:17 | sometimes this, uh, what we consider, maybe development is. You |
|
| 23:24 | , there's some oil somewhere, but one wants you to drill where it |
|
| 23:28 | . And here's a peninsula out This is offshore. It's really pretty |
|
| 23:34 | in the UK and there's a farm here. And what really started these |
|
| 23:40 | reach laterals was was for environmental so we could get mad at the |
|
| 23:48 | for making things tough on us. actually forced us to stretch the engineers |
|
| 23:52 | stretch their imagination literally and try to out how to get down here without |
|
| 23:57 | a well site over there. And for, um, for a |
|
| 24:06 | um, really good started the value horizontal wells. It was actually long |
|
| 24:13 | , uh, to produce sands, we're in pretty places, like, |
|
| 24:19 | too far offshore. That would really the population of the UK and stick |
|
| 24:26 | in somebody's farm where the guy didn't if he had a oil derrick in |
|
| 24:30 | middle of this field or not. so that's kind of what started |
|
| 24:37 | And it was around the same time started doing a lot of horizontal, |
|
| 24:41 | in the North Sea for the And then, um, I'd |
|
| 24:47 | probably a good. 15 years they started trying that in the US |
|
| 24:53 | adding fracturing, you know, we've fracking well since the I think the |
|
| 25:01 | sixties have not the late fifties. , I used to know a guy |
|
| 25:08 | actually started some of those, and don't know if he's still alive or |
|
| 25:13 | , but he was, um, really nice Egyptian guy, as it |
|
| 25:17 | out, any, um, had ton of energy last time. I |
|
| 25:23 | with him probably 15 years ago, and he, uh, you |
|
| 25:30 | he said, It's a like these where you have relatively tight sands and |
|
| 25:35 | you you frack it and you can up the pores and get the pressure |
|
| 25:39 | start working towards that for you. a nice pressure differential in a larger |
|
| 25:44 | , and it starts toe. Suck out of the tight sections a little |
|
| 25:47 | better, but it's nothing like, know, drilling one of these long |
|
| 25:51 | like this for five miles and perfect all over here. You've actually created |
|
| 25:57 | reservoir out of a source rock. because with all that surface area enforced |
|
| 26:03 | and and the prophet to keep the open for the flow, it is |
|
| 26:09 | credit. Incredible thing. But uh, what's most amazing about it |
|
| 26:15 | that it was two very different Technology is developed for very different |
|
| 26:22 | Put together to turn unconventional is uh, Thio Ah, huge windfall |
|
| 26:29 | the oil industry, especially in the States. And that's all that technology |
|
| 26:35 | been there for a long time and clever People came up with an |
|
| 26:38 | maybe three clever people, and it it caught, caught a lot energy |
|
| 26:44 | wind and just kept flying. And is kind of what was happening there |
|
| 26:51 | . Some of these things were really Here's five kilometers. So some |
|
| 26:55 | these were really, really far from site. And and this is out |
|
| 27:01 | the bluest book to So anyway, get into this kind of relates Thio |
|
| 27:10 | as well. But one of the about drilling these these laterals is |
|
| 27:17 | you know, normally you would get pilot hole. Now we do a |
|
| 27:20 | log and and then we try to out how to read this funny looking |
|
| 27:25 | log when we're just looking looking up down in this section right here to |
|
| 27:30 | it. I think one of you the class is actually doing gs steering |
|
| 27:36 | did a geo steering competition, I . And that's that's one way to |
|
| 27:42 | it. No. When they when went to the chalk fields. |
|
| 27:48 | we, uh if you've ever looked a chalk, you would realize you |
|
| 27:54 | geo steer with a chalk, maybe the Austin chalk, but I don't |
|
| 27:58 | so. But definitely not in the Sea, chalks 300 m of of |
|
| 28:03 | . Pretty much looks the same, know, it's just a little |
|
| 28:05 | squiggly line like this you know, and you really can't. You can |
|
| 28:12 | to see something, but I don't you can really see anything. So |
|
| 28:15 | they did there was instead of doing the gamma log, they they got |
|
| 28:19 | pilot. Well, sometimes I would drill like this and then kick out |
|
| 28:24 | here and do a whole holding Uh, but you would get a |
|
| 28:30 | nice pilot hole through it, and would look at the bio faces through |
|
| 28:35 | and you might come up with six seven distinctive bio faces have worked in |
|
| 28:41 | area on Lee. Wouldn't be able work that anywhere else in the |
|
| 28:45 | But in the in this area, in this field, you could come |
|
| 28:49 | with with five toe save 15 zones here. And so not only did |
|
| 28:55 | know you were in the sand or , particular dad as your as you |
|
| 29:02 | through here you go up and down five or more zones and you can |
|
| 29:06 | tell the drill bit is falling or drill bit is rising so they could |
|
| 29:13 | a little bit back then to modify . And now you can just hear |
|
| 29:17 | lot better. I mean, you you can actually turn the the drilling |
|
| 29:22 | a lot better than you could back . But, uh, back when |
|
| 29:26 | first started doing this, you they knew where they were and they |
|
| 29:29 | get the the drill bit to They could get it to fall, |
|
| 29:32 | they could follow these zones that they established here all the way through |
|
| 29:36 | And at least through 2000 and almost every horizontal well, that's still |
|
| 29:43 | drilled in the talks. I had on site following these zones, and |
|
| 29:50 | very, very field specific sounds, , uh and it's a real |
|
| 29:55 | and it really works pretty well. you can do the same thing with |
|
| 29:58 | gamma logs. And I've already shown some some examples of tools that have |
|
| 30:03 | enhanced over the of the last two that make a little bit easier to |
|
| 30:07 | Gs here and here. Here's something uh, that was done with in |
|
| 30:20 | which is the Brent. This is the Brent in the North Sea, |
|
| 30:24 | this would have had to been done geo steering because I don't think they |
|
| 30:29 | have had the types of donations they available in the chalks, uh, |
|
| 30:34 | do bio student. So here's kind what you're trying to do. And |
|
| 30:41 | looked at this, and it can here. Um, I don't know |
|
| 30:46 | asked the question, but But this of addresses what you said. And |
|
| 30:50 | course, I was saying somewhere around you need to start thinking about |
|
| 30:54 | They've got it going on here. you trying to add reserves? And |
|
| 31:01 | of course, in this, you , you've got a lot of infrastructure |
|
| 31:04 | , and you're gonna be reducing a types of things. But But here |
|
| 31:10 | can see if you do things, kind of make production go up, |
|
| 31:15 | then it takes starts tapering off and it go up again, starts tapering |
|
| 31:20 | . There's different ways Thio to build production through time and some of the |
|
| 31:29 | things. Um, again, if have a lot of heterogeneity in your |
|
| 31:35 | your conventional resource and I think this probably more important than people realize and |
|
| 31:41 | , and I think they're starting to on it, but you need a |
|
| 31:45 | well developed, static model in, , in these situations where you have |
|
| 31:50 | sorting, smaller poor throat, pore and smaller four sizes. And but |
|
| 31:57 | we also have this fourty seismic thing we can use. And then we |
|
| 32:02 | into what we call secondary, production with butter flooding. Other things |
|
| 32:10 | you could do is add infill You could do fracturing in some |
|
| 32:13 | You could do gravel packs in some . And when I say fracturing |
|
| 32:18 | I don't mean, um what you doing An unconventional, but fracking the |
|
| 32:24 | right around the well born straight slightly deviate home. And then there's |
|
| 32:28 | enhanced oil recovery Memphis. And so to start out of start out |
|
| 32:36 | for example, here's two d Excuse , 40 Seismic, where they've got |
|
| 32:41 | D. In this case, they able to image. You can't always |
|
| 32:46 | a reservoir this well, but in cases, you can not all but |
|
| 32:50 | something like this. And you can that the well water contacts move and |
|
| 32:54 | can tell you're getting a good water up here. And as long as |
|
| 32:57 | have ah Piper straw sticking in up from this new oil water contact, |
|
| 33:07 | got production. You get to a where all your all your, |
|
| 33:11 | strawser down here, you know, have to do infill wells up |
|
| 33:18 | And, uh, water drives were , but, uh, to get |
|
| 33:25 | pressure differential in a, well, high. And you're close to that |
|
| 33:28 | , you're going to start coating on because a relative from the ability of |
|
| 33:32 | often outstrips, always outstrips oil. , uh, and here you can |
|
| 33:39 | , uh, this would be looking it in map view and then in |
|
| 33:43 | section and, well, this is section one way. This is cross |
|
| 33:49 | another way, and then this is Plainview. And you can see, |
|
| 33:54 | , that the water is starting to in the map view. It's coming |
|
| 33:59 | underneath the oil in this view, it's koning in the oil in that |
|
| 34:05 | . And that kind of shows you get to the point where this starts |
|
| 34:13 | water, 100% water or close to , or this starts to produce, |
|
| 34:18 | , 100% water goes toe. You're leave a nun participle leg behind here |
|
| 34:25 | participle, legs behind over here. this is going to start coming up |
|
| 34:30 | you're gonna end up having loved, , things in here a za swell |
|
| 34:35 | , uh, it produces all the up to here and starts pulling |
|
| 34:39 | You'll have Attica. Well, are legs over here. So this would |
|
| 34:44 | from custody. This is custom This is gravity custom. This is |
|
| 34:51 | custom, and that's Cockney. So can do a lot of nifty patterns |
|
| 34:59 | this. And to me, this kind of like unconventional, where you |
|
| 35:03 | drill the heck out of it and to sweep all the oil you can |
|
| 35:08 | that Well, where you have where your producers are and you can |
|
| 35:13 | it in different ways like this. you had some climate form stuff with |
|
| 35:18 | between them? You might want to this, and this would be the |
|
| 35:21 | of the climate form would go between this two like, um 123 like |
|
| 35:28 | might have a client form through And you might might have thought you |
|
| 35:32 | one continuous shooter, but you had hello, but climbed up them in |
|
| 35:36 | and acclimate them in there. And have to sweep it like this to |
|
| 35:40 | that. Um, I know slumbers back around the year 2003 ish before |
|
| 35:53 | started doing unconventional. We're thinking of laterals in conventional wells. They would |
|
| 36:03 | . I guess this is This is map view. They might have, |
|
| 36:06 | a a pipe come down the center this, which would be the |
|
| 36:10 | And then they would have kick out here and kick out over here. |
|
| 36:15 | these would just start pumping water and the oil into the producing wheel. |
|
| 36:20 | that's kind of what you're getting to . This this becomes less of a |
|
| 36:24 | problem, uh, than a than engineering problem. But heterogeneity is that |
|
| 36:31 | force you to do something like this important to know about versus something like |
|
| 36:35 | , where you have centralized producing well things around the predominant proof producing. |
|
| 36:44 | uh, Pumping water in thio create water drop. So you're injecting and |
|
| 36:52 | lot of things, uh, happen . You can see you know, |
|
| 36:56 | we have this Well, water contact the outside. Um, you |
|
| 37:00 | you're going to see kind of a come up around the edges like |
|
| 37:03 | and it's gonna Your production will be made like that, and that would |
|
| 37:08 | a really good one. Here, can see you've got a water |
|
| 37:13 | this kind of maintaining two things that separated. But you can get examples |
|
| 37:19 | , um, one of these has better flow rate on on the perm |
|
| 37:24 | or down here, and you're going end up with very different oil, |
|
| 37:27 | contacts. And this is kind of that happens. And here we have |
|
| 37:35 | up sandwich sand sequence here, and have a, uh, finding upwards |
|
| 37:45 | . Eso you've got this permeability great through here and a different one |
|
| 37:50 | Just taking a look at that. would like someone to guess which one |
|
| 37:54 | these would be would be best at most of the oil. You have |
|
| 38:04 | area. The lower scenario. Can explain why? Well, in the |
|
| 38:09 | one, your your upper purse, going to get watered out. |
|
| 38:16 | that's that's absolutely true. But what worked? What? What force of |
|
| 38:21 | is working against you in the upper the transmissibility of water versus oil |
|
| 38:31 | actually. Well, it's actually Gravity is working against you up here |
|
| 38:41 | a lot of your energies, you , it's falling down, and and |
|
| 38:47 | actually enhancing the flow up here. , so and you know, if |
|
| 38:54 | you're perfect purpose, air all you know, you're gonna you |
|
| 38:58 | I don't wanna lose. Uh, bottom of you don't want to lose |
|
| 39:02 | bottom leg. You want it to , put your oil to move from |
|
| 39:05 | bottom up. This is causing the leg to move from the top |
|
| 39:12 | And, uh, and gravity doesn't that so much, but also, |
|
| 39:16 | weight of the water is going to pushing in on this end here. |
|
| 39:22 | , there's a natural flow in the of greater flow in the base of |
|
| 39:28 | formation, which enhances the flow of because gravity goes down, water wants |
|
| 39:34 | get underneath this. What? It want to get on top of that |
|
| 39:37 | oil does not want to be separated the wealth. So in this, |
|
| 39:43 | this scenario, gravity is working against . In this scenario, gravity's working |
|
| 39:48 | you, okay. And here is another way of looking at it in |
|
| 39:56 | section, Same kind of thing. you can see, um, |
|
| 40:03 | this is the interplay of gravity. here you've got, um and this |
|
| 40:09 | could be more risk realistic than the slide. But you can see here |
|
| 40:14 | got this permissible more permissible in And you get this cut here because |
|
| 40:20 | a good distance away. It's not this. Um, you can see |
|
| 40:28 | there's initially a lot of water coming this. The reason why this is |
|
| 40:35 | realistic is because that water is not want to go over top of that |
|
| 40:40 | that much. So eventually it's going slow down and you're going to get |
|
| 40:44 | better sweep. Actually, with that , which is the opposite of what |
|
| 40:48 | is telling you and a scenario looking this now, if you had a |
|
| 40:53 | , really the producer was really You would definitely have this kind of |
|
| 41:00 | issue. But at the scale that looking at here and course understanding, |
|
| 41:06 | vertical exaggeration. It looks like the of this is actually true. When |
|
| 41:12 | look at it from this particular And again, uh, the water |
|
| 41:19 | being enhanced here, but a t of the day This one is still |
|
| 41:26 | the oil over. It's just gonna through on a lower per first. |
|
| 41:30 | if you have first through this whole , well, then then you might |
|
| 41:37 | problems, and you're gonna want the first. If you've got your best |
|
| 41:42 | and permeability than here, what happens you have Ah, Multiphase reservoir and |
|
| 41:48 | and you Perfectly gas cap first. , well, that has the same |
|
| 41:53 | effect, unless unless what you really was the gas. But you don't |
|
| 41:58 | the gas cap first. So, , that's the same kind of thing |
|
| 42:02 | have to worry about. What the ? The fluids are in the wealth |
|
| 42:07 | of There's all sorts of combinations you come up with like that. But |
|
| 42:13 | you're going to be, uh, at the lower legs if you have |
|
| 42:17 | gas cap and you're gonna find yourself in a situation like this, but |
|
| 42:22 | could have had a gas cap and, uh, this is moving |
|
| 42:26 | the Maybe the gas cap starts right , and you didn't perfect in this |
|
| 42:31 | well. But you've got your first here. Can see it'll be a |
|
| 42:35 | period of time before water gets to the production interval down here. That's |
|
| 42:44 | you do. Mhm. Because if had a gas cap up here and |
|
| 42:49 | was your highest perf, you'd still trying to get that oil leg down |
|
| 42:52 | with the lower perm. And, and you would get a full sweep |
|
| 42:57 | this. So again, you have think about all those things when you |
|
| 43:01 | make these plans because you you can up your production royally and leave lots |
|
| 43:06 | lots of water behind if you do wrong thing. Excuse me. You |
|
| 43:09 | lots of oil behind. And if do the wrong thing and you will |
|
| 43:13 | producing too much water and here's some one of these things showing you example |
|
| 43:21 | sweet rate through time. Uh, this is if you do it |
|
| 43:27 | If you try to sweep fast, going to get these breakthroughs and then |
|
| 43:32 | View. This is what that one look like in map view. This |
|
| 43:35 | be with that one. Looks like you wanna wanna make sure that when |
|
| 43:40 | start doing one of these water flows the, uh, production engineers were |
|
| 43:46 | good at this, And so when start doing it, they don't always |
|
| 43:53 | mistakes. But if the geology is complicated in here, uh, the |
|
| 43:59 | fingering maybe a whole lot different than actual fingering of the water coming up |
|
| 44:03 | the oil and what you leave a . So here I said, What |
|
| 44:10 | said One more question about sort of , um, way were involved in |
|
| 44:15 | project where we ended up drilling a hole. Unfortunately, And the reasoning |
|
| 44:23 | that they gave us was that that well, that's lower on structure and |
|
| 44:28 | gas reservoir can actually drain. well, that's higher on structure, |
|
| 44:34 | I couldn't really find any literature on . Is that something that happens? |
|
| 44:39 | , I'd have to see kind of real cross section really thio to figure |
|
| 44:45 | what you're saying. But just say one more time. There was this |
|
| 44:52 | idea that wells that are lower on in a gas field can actually drain |
|
| 44:58 | that air higher on the structure so you drill a well and it's productive |
|
| 45:02 | gas, and then you go up and drill A. Well, that's |
|
| 45:07 | , but it's dry. Okay, would be like that would be like |
|
| 45:12 | That would be like gravity drive and gas caps expanding. Might might have |
|
| 45:18 | in that. I don't know if had any oil up there, but |
|
| 45:21 | oil would have would have rolled It would have gotten displaced by the |
|
| 45:26 | . Sort of like you have a forming up here and it pushes the |
|
| 45:30 | down. You know, your gas expanding like this and pushes all the |
|
| 45:36 | out of the UPD if wells and into the downed if Wells that would |
|
| 45:41 | like a gas expansion scenario, I'm sure if that's what was happening, |
|
| 45:46 | that could happen. There's probably five you could make that happen. |
|
| 45:54 | here's another thing that usually elicits a good test question from me and, |
|
| 46:03 | know, we, um we look a lot of these things, like |
|
| 46:09 | here's, um, primary recovery. , then we have secondary recovery and |
|
| 46:17 | have redirected primary recovery. But there's couple of things that, uh, |
|
| 46:24 | know, our enhanced oil recovery And one is miserable injection and sort |
|
| 46:29 | fact. And flooding another one is . Then you have polymer flooding and |
|
| 46:36 | wells. And in the secondary, would be what are injection gas |
|
| 46:43 | And then you could do and feel horizontal wells, for example coming in |
|
| 46:50 | . And this is these air, absolute numbers, but this is like |
|
| 46:54 | might get around 30% in primary. , you might get 15% in |
|
| 47:02 | You may get 20% and missed sweep and then, um, oil remaining |
|
| 47:12 | to a lack of drive energy eso go into the secondary recovery and then |
|
| 47:19 | then this un participle oil is you , there's no there's no pipe |
|
| 47:23 | anywhere near it, uh, in original plan. In other words, |
|
| 47:27 | sort of predetermined attic oil kind of and one of things that's important to |
|
| 47:35 | there's a big difference between residual oil bypassed oil. And all in here |
|
| 47:47 | , in this area where the sweeps , you're gonna have residual oil, |
|
| 47:51 | here's bypassed oil and certain things will , You know, water flood can |
|
| 47:58 | help with bypassed oil toe to push up or or what was the other |
|
| 48:05 | we had here? Gas injection, co two injection or something and try |
|
| 48:11 | sweep that up there. This is stuff that got missed kind of |
|
| 48:17 | This is like the attic oil. know, you've drained all the way |
|
| 48:20 | to the wells you drilled, but gonna have something left over, so |
|
| 48:23 | still continuous somewhere. But you could could do cut into an addict. |
|
| 48:29 | this residual oil is interstitial it z in, it's left behind. And |
|
| 48:38 | some of these other specialized floods that have over here listed over here, |
|
| 48:44 | , could like miserable injection or fact flooding. And, uh, some |
|
| 48:49 | those other things could actually help you some of the oil out the residual |
|
| 48:53 | that way. So there's a big between what bypassed oil is what residual |
|
| 49:00 | is in what attic oil with you based on just looking at at |
|
| 49:05 | uh, this particular thing, in words, bypassed oil like this. |
|
| 49:12 | had breakthrough around it. Um, added oil is gonna be appear where |
|
| 49:17 | not separated from, say, the of the closing envelope of your |
|
| 49:28 | And that's just showing you actually what's and again here here is showing a |
|
| 49:35 | adequate All here, this was a out and, ah, you |
|
| 49:41 | they produced a much as they could this perforation left potential radical. |
|
| 49:48 | Here's the sweep zone. Here. unscripted bypassed oil. This well, |
|
| 49:54 | here would be like that. We're a big leg like this. And |
|
| 50:01 | even if you produce sister gonna have , you could have adequate up in |
|
| 50:05 | with the Wells, even with this well in here. And, |
|
| 50:09 | if you didn't put anything, any preparations down here, you could |
|
| 50:13 | a lot there. And here you see this thing is perfect a lot |
|
| 50:18 | left all that behind. So you any preparations here? And by the |
|
| 50:22 | , this is a really good example correlating this sand to that sand, |
|
| 50:27 | you're actually producing from two different which is why you need toe Look |
|
| 50:32 | the shale markers like that one and one in between. And here's another |
|
| 50:36 | marker down here It's not just, it's not just for correlation, but |
|
| 50:41 | also for for continuity of flow, the It looks to me like they |
|
| 50:47 | that might have been the same flow is that and they don't even perfect |
|
| 50:51 | here. And so they started draining , and they're not quite sure how |
|
| 50:55 | that would have drained here. But totally left something behind over here in |
|
| 50:59 | section and attic oil in that Okay, um, here's something, |
|
| 51:07 | , Shepard had this and this but I know a bunch of guys |
|
| 51:10 | Hill Corp that are doing this kind thing, but they're doing it. |
|
| 51:14 | , you know, sometimes if you something like this, the prize isn't |
|
| 51:19 | enough here. So what you need do, and you might have something |
|
| 51:23 | this where you have a lot of things sitting next to each other. |
|
| 51:26 | know, here's a producer. Here's producer. I could put a well |
|
| 51:30 | , but that's all I could get of it. I could put a |
|
| 51:32 | there, and that's all I could out of it. Maybe I |
|
| 51:35 | This is a totally in swept compartment could get a lot out of |
|
| 51:39 | But what you could do is something this. You have that same |
|
| 51:42 | bring a lateral in and hit all attic oil in that area. And |
|
| 51:48 | do this so that you could get an idea that there could be a |
|
| 51:52 | section of ad ical attic oil in Siri's like this. There could be |
|
| 51:56 | formations down here, like in South in 1 28. For some of |
|
| 52:00 | other places where you may have fault next to each other. You could |
|
| 52:04 | in and hit the upper attic the upper attic there, but also |
|
| 52:07 | in. Maybe it the next lowest oil here. And what the attic |
|
| 52:12 | over there. So with our new to drill laterals so long and so |
|
| 52:19 | and so easily, uh, this is a way to do what unconventional |
|
| 52:26 | in a conventional sense, and you have to frack it. You just |
|
| 52:29 | to drill the horizontal lives. So think there's a lot of opportunity opportunities |
|
| 52:34 | this in the Gulf of Mexico. just going to take, um |
|
| 52:39 | some time for things to recover and to realize where the bargains are. |
|
| 52:42 | wouldn't be surprised if people that address uh, like Floyd C. Wilson |
|
| 52:48 | already thinking about things like that. you do a sweep like that, |
|
| 52:54 | horizontal sweep, how do you determine What kind of contribution you're getting along |
|
| 53:00 | lateral? Wouldn't your best zone just all the other zones or the first |
|
| 53:05 | toe water out? Destroy the entire ? Uh, we wouldn't be. |
|
| 53:10 | wouldn't be one completion. You'd have completion here in a completion there. |
|
| 53:15 | , I see. And you and can also drill these things that you |
|
| 53:18 | move them. I don't know that about movement E No. They have |
|
| 53:23 | of moving packers because they do it they do it for fracking eso. |
|
| 53:30 | you had, like five of these a string, you could produce whichever |
|
| 53:36 | you want it first and all the ones were closed. And but if |
|
| 53:40 | do it this way, you might to start with the bottom and work |
|
| 53:43 | way up. And, of the way Well, things work. |
|
| 53:46 | could do the far one first and pull everything up to the second one |
|
| 53:50 | then pull everything up to the You , that kind of thing. So |
|
| 53:54 | in even in this situation, you would want to do the one at |
|
| 53:57 | end of the pipe first, and move, move your packers up and |
|
| 54:03 | into the next one, and then next one. And then until you |
|
| 54:05 | to hear and then you get to and then you're done. So I'll |
|
| 54:09 | one well bore. Ah, little of Packer moving. And you could |
|
| 54:14 | a lot of reserves rather than Well, here and a well, |
|
| 54:20 | and well there. You could have . Well, coming through here like |
|
| 54:24 | . And if this was the end with this one first we have the |
|
| 54:28 | here. Perfect. Pump this one . Moved the packers. Perfect. |
|
| 54:33 | this one out and so on. if you had three D seismic, |
|
| 54:36 | know exactly where it fit those Okay, this is just showing you |
|
| 54:44 | ways. Uh, this is just another diagram for Koning, but this |
|
| 54:50 | , uh, showing how you can . Uh, I'm not sure where |
|
| 54:56 | came from, but how? You interconnect multiple compartments like I just showed |
|
| 55:01 | . This is showing you, like the Austin chalk that might be so |
|
| 55:05 | . You don't need to fracture Come in like that. And we |
|
| 55:11 | talked a little bit about this, , and but here, you've gone |
|
| 55:17 | it. You've got to get high . Here, you've your kick point |
|
| 55:21 | too soon, and you missed And, uh, and then you |
|
| 55:25 | have problems with the dip of the moving around. And so I didn't |
|
| 55:33 | you guys this landing sweet thing did I, Uh this is, |
|
| 55:42 | this is just showing you some of tools. Ah, that reach out |
|
| 55:48 | into the formation. And And there's couple of different ones that can help |
|
| 55:55 | more than just a typical gamma log you're going down there. And this |
|
| 56:00 | another lateral sweet, too. And of them kind of helps. |
|
| 56:07 | this particular sweet helps you find the . So So it helps you get |
|
| 56:13 | where you know what we're do. kick point. You can wait until |
|
| 56:16 | start seeing evidence that it's coming in then then that's the landing tool. |
|
| 56:22 | the lateral stool is designed to get wider spread on your sensors to so |
|
| 56:28 | you can tell whether you're moving up down in this section. And more |
|
| 56:33 | , if you're gonna, uh, hit hit the bottom of that particular |
|
| 56:40 | that you're trying to stay out of you'd see a little bit of in |
|
| 56:44 | way, you see a little bit of the bit because it's that's sticking |
|
| 56:47 | here. Uh, not really close the well board. You're getting a |
|
| 56:51 | reach sensors in the thing to do . And so you can, |
|
| 56:59 | do this kind of thing. So new suites that air coming out now |
|
| 57:02 | going to make it easier to steer , g osteo and, uh, |
|
| 57:13 | of things that I was talking about the bio zones. That would be |
|
| 57:16 | of like this. And, you , you were going into a different |
|
| 57:21 | zone and you needed to pull And here, you know, your |
|
| 57:26 | knew that there was a thinning You would know when she got over |
|
| 57:31 | on four to start turning down, then trying to say somewhere around the |
|
| 57:37 | of bio zone four would be the Rest the way. It would be |
|
| 57:41 | good trajectory. Okay, let's take last 10 minute break and, |
|
| 57:48 | we'll come back and we'll look at slides on unconventional. So in |
|
| 57:53 | 30 we will be back. Junior geologist and senior geologists and |
|
| 58:26 | Now, we have just, um know, we've been talking about unconventional |
|
| 58:33 | through this, but I like to one little last thing at the end |
|
| 58:39 | in some ways, this is the , uh, for a lot of |
|
| 58:44 | we do. But I think I expressed a lot of ideas about future |
|
| 58:54 | and expiration and, uh, ways we could use this technology. |
|
| 59:00 | that was really, uh, Tune and bettered made much better. |
|
| 59:10 | , for producing unconventional resource is some those same tools can now be |
|
| 59:16 | I think if one thinks about that same technology can be folded back |
|
| 59:22 | conventional resource is where there may be , and gas left behind are requiring |
|
| 59:30 | sweeping and that sort of thing. I think e think really the development |
|
| 59:35 | this technology to the level that it for unconventional has really opened up a |
|
| 59:40 | of potential that we really we really looking for in the past. |
|
| 59:45 | uh and I think once the covered thing gets settled down and hopefully we |
|
| 59:53 | doing things more responsibly, so something this doesn't happen again. Uh, |
|
| 59:59 | would have been really scary of Ebola gotten out of control like this. |
|
| 60:05 | goodness that didn't happen in the Of course, one of the things |
|
| 60:09 | our side with Ebola is you can that it's sort of the the good |
|
| 60:15 | of the coin of a terrible, diseases that people would die so quickly |
|
| 60:20 | couldn't. They couldn't transmit that and, uh, that was such |
|
| 60:25 | horrible disease. But I think the rate of that disease was so high |
|
| 60:29 | it made it hard for to spread and I don't know if any of |
|
| 60:34 | caught it, but there was a film. They came out about |
|
| 60:41 | I think it was a really incidents they actually I had a slippage in |
|
| 60:47 | of the labs and and a strain Ebola got out, but it wasn't |
|
| 60:53 | fatal and in some ways that frightened even more. They were able to |
|
| 60:58 | it, but it frightened them. because the bacteria or a virus or |
|
| 61:05 | doesn't kill its host too quickly. host can spread the virus to other |
|
| 61:12 | , and that's exactly what Cove in is really good at. It's good |
|
| 61:17 | not killing people right away, giving plenty of time thio to move around |
|
| 61:23 | infect others. So So when all that is over with a lot of |
|
| 61:28 | , uh, neat things that I up with, uh, on hopefully |
|
| 61:33 | won't happen again because we're going to thinking about issues like that ahead of |
|
| 61:38 | . Ah, you know, we'll a good future and we'll be able |
|
| 61:41 | keep developing oil and gas and hopefully to be more responsible and reduce the |
|
| 61:48 | of flaring we do and other things ways that the oil industry puts hydrocarbons |
|
| 61:54 | the atmosphere that we don't really need do. If we could just think |
|
| 61:57 | the engineering problem and solve that engineering . So with that, I'm going |
|
| 62:01 | go on to petroleum geology, in unconventional. And of course, |
|
| 62:10 | focused primarily on any kind of and it's pretty much energy in liquid |
|
| 62:17 | . As it turns out, some these aren't quite liquid form. |
|
| 62:22 | they're kind of group form. uh, not quite maybe in the |
|
| 62:29 | of carriage in or whatnot on that of thing. So there's a There's |
|
| 62:34 | a lot of fluid energy and not fluid energy stored in a lot of |
|
| 62:40 | types of unconventional reserves. And this the slide that I showed you |
|
| 62:48 | We were talking about reservoirs and how focused on but we thought were the |
|
| 62:54 | things that we could produce oil and out of. But now we could |
|
| 62:57 | it out of the source rocks. , uh, this is what's happening |
|
| 63:02 | . And everywhere we found and produced we have a source rock nearby. |
|
| 63:10 | so for every ah, single that's been drilled, Uh, in |
|
| 63:16 | , um, conventional There potentially is good resource play that can be produced |
|
| 63:25 | hasn't even been tapped into in most . As of today, we've only |
|
| 63:33 | on the easiest ones. Okay, , now one of the things |
|
| 63:39 | um, hey, Shale plays then there's other. Unconventional is in |
|
| 63:48 | the shale. Plays are the ones we're doing the oil and gas right |
|
| 63:53 | and or the resource plays as we them, because they're big masses of |
|
| 63:58 | shell deposits full of oil and gas then the other ones. They're gonna |
|
| 64:03 | , uh, these things like this there's a lot of them and we'll |
|
| 64:10 | , uh, one shell playing. , look, a tar sand issue |
|
| 64:14 | an oil shale issue. One thing important remembers that oil shales, |
|
| 64:20 | were defined by deposits who are rich carriage in, but it hadn't been |
|
| 64:28 | yet. And so it's pretty much oil shale lacking the oil but a |
|
| 64:36 | . But it actually has the O. C. And the carriages |
|
| 64:40 | produce oil. Uh, if it's . And of course, the tar |
|
| 64:48 | are pretty much, uh, sort natural legs of very heavy oil stuck |
|
| 64:56 | sands. And of course, we to try to move that, |
|
| 65:02 | and make it into something useful. have a a number of processes. |
|
| 65:08 | not going to get into it, we actually retort it and turn it |
|
| 65:11 | something that's amore liquid form and actually a sin fuel type thing that we |
|
| 65:17 | transport. Que, uh, this came out many years ago. |
|
| 65:26 | um, here. It's updated in 2016. But there were versions of |
|
| 65:32 | map, uh, much earlier than , showing you a lot of places |
|
| 65:37 | the shale plays are in the lower states. And and it's not a |
|
| 65:45 | . They seemed Thio mimic in many , uh, where we had conventional |
|
| 65:53 | going on. And this adds, , new things. Like, for |
|
| 65:59 | , here we had the Marsellus and associated with it was the Utica and |
|
| 66:05 | the Utica as, um, become important to look at. I had |
|
| 66:13 | student work on the Antrim. This really interesting stuff up here, and |
|
| 66:20 | all natural. It's all, pretty much related Thio, biogenic gas |
|
| 66:30 | a t least what I was working and then all these other areas where |
|
| 66:34 | know we have conventional oil and gas going on, and so it's quite |
|
| 66:43 | interesting thing, but it's interesting to United States above all countries, has |
|
| 66:49 | put a lot of energy into producing , Um, you could create maps |
|
| 66:54 | this all over the world and realize are literally many, many resource plays |
|
| 67:00 | around the world that aren't even being into yet and kind of going full |
|
| 67:09 | and coming back to our start of . Um, this kind of shows |
|
| 67:17 | that Tom the expenditures for oil Shales in 2012 or really pretty dramatic. |
|
| 67:26 | , uh, and of course, one was the bacon number two, |
|
| 67:29 | evil for number three, the And this kind of goes through it |
|
| 67:37 | a December 2016. It's a different of diagram, you know, I |
|
| 67:43 | people I don't know what it but pie diagrams worked really well for |
|
| 67:48 | , and I think they worked well students. But these air bar diagrams |
|
| 67:51 | to show you the same thing and can see somewhere around 2014, 12 |
|
| 68:00 | 2015 and 16. Things started to a dive in 2014, and it |
|
| 68:06 | recovered since then. But this was in 2016. Of course they had |
|
| 68:13 | and I think things started to come , but I don't think we've We've |
|
| 68:17 | this yet, but point I'm trying make is that pains exclude the really |
|
| 68:29 | thing of Covered 19 on. There's good reason to expect a lot of |
|
| 68:34 | to go back into full swing in near future. I don't think we've |
|
| 68:38 | any of these kinds of things. something, though. That was. |
|
| 68:44 | , this isn't expenditures, but this production. And here's back in |
|
| 68:53 | when that one was going on. here's 2012 here and you can see |
|
| 69:00 | know it's still been growing and it's to grow on, of course, |
|
| 69:04 | oils, including a little bit more just the shale plays. But you |
|
| 69:09 | see it's still expected to grow. this this projection was made in 2020 |
|
| 69:15 | of this year. Um, there's no drop in here anywhere for |
|
| 69:22 | in 19 because of demand dropping But with the world with without this |
|
| 69:33 | thing that we're dealing with right the world should get back to normal |
|
| 69:37 | some point in time. And it possible, uh, that electric cars |
|
| 69:42 | come in and start having some kind issue, but it's still not gonna |
|
| 69:46 | a significant amount. And if there any any weight at all to what |
|
| 69:52 | predicted in 2020. Um, you , actually, seeing it go up |
|
| 70:00 | little bit more of it, doesn't up a little bit more on it |
|
| 70:03 | levels out here. It's still a of oil and gas to produce every |
|
| 70:07 | . Uh, for the the thriving that we have for fuel When when |
|
| 70:15 | covered 19 thing is. And here was, um this was kind of |
|
| 70:22 | reference case. This was a low . And I think, you |
|
| 70:29 | we're going to realize some of but I don't think we're going to |
|
| 70:32 | this quite so dramatically. And the high case they had at the same |
|
| 70:38 | was really dramatic. So again, back at the reference case, you |
|
| 70:46 | , having a peel off here, a possibility, because there's gonna be |
|
| 70:50 | down push a Z. We move more and more electric vehicles, but |
|
| 70:55 | gonna be an upward push because the is going to be growing. I |
|
| 71:00 | from here from 2020 e think at point on. We're gonna be adding |
|
| 71:06 | billion people to our population every 10 until something that hasn't happened yet starts |
|
| 71:13 | happen. So the growth is going go up just because of population. |
|
| 71:19 | that's the worst case scenario. That their best case scenario in terms of |
|
| 71:26 | consumption by vehicles. Yeah, I know if this is true, but |
|
| 71:33 | it? Isn't the majority of fuel due to trucking? Well, that's |
|
| 71:39 | big source. Yeah, trucking is big source, and trucking has actually |
|
| 71:44 | up because people do that. And course, um, a lot of |
|
| 71:52 | diesel fuel. And in fact, all of it is diesel fuel and |
|
| 71:58 | the kind of power that a diesel has has been something that's still |
|
| 72:04 | I think from an engineering standpoint, know there's, Ah, large company |
|
| 72:11 | advertised it, had a lot of made a lot of progress, and |
|
| 72:15 | showed pictures of their these of their trucks, but they don't actually have |
|
| 72:20 | that works, so there's a lot hope in that in that area. |
|
| 72:26 | , uh, they're still, you , for people that wanna go all |
|
| 72:31 | others hope that they can get these lasting, powerful engines. Um, |
|
| 72:37 | don't know. I don't know enough battery technology to know if you know |
|
| 72:44 | A when a truck draws on power going to draw a lot. It's |
|
| 72:47 | the same thing. Is trying to a car to move and and it |
|
| 72:53 | may be a while before they have batteries. They can haul things. |
|
| 73:00 | , That way. And I you know, you think about |
|
| 73:03 | A loaded truck is like 20 times weight of a car. And, |
|
| 73:09 | and I wish more people knew that they knew that they wouldn't cut in |
|
| 73:13 | of a truck because the mo mentum a truck kind of makes makes makes |
|
| 73:20 | car look like a cockroach. And it hits you yeah, and you're |
|
| 73:25 | moving, it's It's not gonna be . And all these electric cars were |
|
| 73:31 | designed for good reason with lighter, , materials that may not have the |
|
| 73:39 | strength rating is is some of the vehicles that we have their gasoline or |
|
| 73:44 | powered. But the diesel everybody was on diesel and way keep the the |
|
| 73:54 | toxins that come out of diesels. keep engineering ways to make that less |
|
| 74:01 | energy is a really good substitute because got a personally, I have a |
|
| 74:06 | car that that gets about 42 miles a gallon on it doesn't look like |
|
| 74:14 | from the Jetsons. And And it don't know if you remember, if |
|
| 74:21 | any of you have ever heard of , uh, the Jets and family |
|
| 74:27 | . But a lot of the electric kind of look like sort of 19 |
|
| 74:34 | idea of what a modern vehicle looks . Well, the test was the |
|
| 74:38 | good looking one, in my Yeah, but yeah, for |
|
| 74:44 | except that they're hood there. Hood way just looks funny to me, |
|
| 74:49 | But I don't wanna criticize anybody's car , because I think Tesla's air |
|
| 74:55 | but with the But I think the that you get like a out of |
|
| 75:04 | not an electric car but one of , um, hybrid cars. The |
|
| 75:10 | think at the end of the a diesel car is equivalent to a |
|
| 75:14 | , and a hybrid makes a lot sense. And the problem with still |
|
| 75:19 | batteries is is you know, they , ah, getting to where they |
|
| 75:23 | a decent range. But if you you draw them down below 50% all |
|
| 75:28 | time, you're gonna you're going to the battery and there's been more fires |
|
| 75:31 | stuff like that. And and I again, those air engineering problems |
|
| 75:37 | uh I just think it's going to longer to get over a lot of |
|
| 75:41 | engineering problems. And people predict, there's a reason why we didn't go |
|
| 75:46 | this solution in the past other than , uh, the oil industry was |
|
| 75:53 | to stop it, and I because don't think that really was happening. |
|
| 75:56 | think these air serious engineering problems that take a while to resolve and you |
|
| 76:04 | , this particular incidents here in terms production related to consumption. Uh, |
|
| 76:12 | think this is only gonna happen if the next 10 years they resolve 40 |
|
| 76:19 | 50 years worth of research into and making these things work better and more |
|
| 76:26 | . And but there are a lot advantaged electric cars because they don't they |
|
| 76:29 | waste much. Energy is liquid fuel vehicles, Dio. But another. |
|
| 76:35 | big thing that uses fuel, of , are gonna be ships and and |
|
| 76:42 | aircraft. And I think replacing replacing with electrical power is gonna is gonna |
|
| 76:49 | of Although we had sailboats that were , but again, we're trying to |
|
| 76:53 | millions of tons instead of £40,000. , uh and I think I think |
|
| 77:02 | issue there is just going to you know, the battery may weigh |
|
| 77:06 | than an airplane could deal with and the same thing with the boat to |
|
| 77:11 | certain extent, if you're trying to Ah, you know, millions of |
|
| 77:16 | of produce or excuse me, liquids or gravel or whatever it is, |
|
| 77:21 | have to move with the boat. . Uh, so anyway, here's |
|
| 77:27 | of new shale estimates that have come on different places of the world. |
|
| 77:31 | you can see, uh, the is not alone there. A lot |
|
| 77:35 | other, a lot of other But, um, as far as |
|
| 77:39 | know, they're not. They're not actively produced the way the way our |
|
| 77:44 | are. And if any country needed , it would be South Africa |
|
| 77:49 | uh, they have limited natural resource for producing energy. And they have |
|
| 77:56 | all the time and actually wave blackouts a lot of their societies, because |
|
| 78:01 | trying toe limit our carbon footprint. when sometimes when you do that, |
|
| 78:08 | , to kind of try to hit right on the line, they miss |
|
| 78:11 | a lot. So they have to out houses for, you know, |
|
| 78:17 | few hours every night in certain neighborhoods stuff like that. And, |
|
| 78:21 | but if they could get natural gas of some of their shale reserves, |
|
| 78:25 | would resolve some of that problem. . And again, um, so |
|
| 78:33 | is this is looking at oil, this is looking at natural gas. |
|
| 78:38 | , uh, and again, I what I said about, uh, |
|
| 78:42 | Africa, which, which I think something they really need. And of |
|
| 78:47 | , uh, here's a cartoon and I think the most important thing |
|
| 78:52 | this is that if we were to drill a well straight through here, |
|
| 78:56 | you wouldn't get this surface area. unlike a conventional well, you |
|
| 79:02 | your reservoir isn't defined by, a small sandstone body is defined by |
|
| 79:09 | many feet long you can get this in and how Maney fractures you can |
|
| 79:12 | in there because the length of this , obviously the longer that is, |
|
| 79:18 | greater it is in terms of surface . If you just cut through it |
|
| 79:22 | way, and then when you do fracking with prop it in it, |
|
| 79:26 | opening up more surface area where oil petroleum in the rock can bleed into |
|
| 79:33 | pressure differential that the open borehole creates start sucking oil out of it, |
|
| 79:39 | natural gas. As it shows in picture. And there is is a |
|
| 79:46 | . Um ah, that's used a of times to try to high grade |
|
| 79:52 | with higher docs. And here's a response. You're in the shale, |
|
| 79:59 | here we can see this is kind the way it was originally done with |
|
| 80:05 | ity and sonic overlap. And, , you can see here that the |
|
| 80:18 | fill the typical Marine for space. that's that's creating, um, you |
|
| 80:25 | , like sometimes the Shales they're gonna , um, what's the word? |
|
| 80:35 | thinking the the shells gonna have bound , but if it's filled in with |
|
| 80:41 | instead of bound water. The resistive is going to go up. So |
|
| 80:44 | see this resistive ity going up and course, Ah, that also kind |
|
| 80:50 | slows it down. It kind of puts us a slug in the poor |
|
| 80:55 | , which, which might be reacting grain to grain. But you've got |
|
| 81:00 | this more sluggish material that's organic, that kind of increase is a two |
|
| 81:07 | travel time and slows down the And so the slower sonic and the |
|
| 81:15 | resistive ity gap kind of shows you you've got a shell with organic material |
|
| 81:20 | it together. And this works in fields a lot better than other places |
|
| 81:24 | places where it doesn't work because they're variables involved. But but where it |
|
| 81:33 | , uh, people are able to the spread to a total organic carbon |
|
| 81:39 | and really figure out what where the spots are with one. Well, |
|
| 81:45 | , in other words, if you're away from where we know there's good |
|
| 81:49 | on your drill wells, you can of figure out whether you found another |
|
| 81:52 | spot or not with your pilot hole this is 11 of my students did |
|
| 82:01 | where he was looking at the overlap he had core data. Were they |
|
| 82:07 | to figure out how much with the two was on generation of oil? |
|
| 82:12 | I'm not going to go into but also the total organic carbon. |
|
| 82:16 | there was a really strong relationship to levels over here in the core and |
|
| 82:21 | the the separation was over here. it's pretty pretty interesting. Uh, |
|
| 82:27 | well this tool can work. And points where he had points and |
|
| 82:37 | And the line is what the predicted based on this gap. Okay, |
|
| 82:44 | we're going to take a quick look the eagle. Four gets up to |
|
| 82:48 | ft thick, averages about 2 It's got a high carbonate content. |
|
| 82:55 | Lovie Shale, what does that Has a low volume of shale, |
|
| 83:02 | it looks so it's pretty much all it. Well, what it means |
|
| 83:07 | , it's, um it's trackable. not a lot of natural fracturing, |
|
| 83:14 | , in it, which means it hasn't hasn't been warped and |
|
| 83:21 | but because sometimes, like in chalk of you If you see a |
|
| 83:28 | and you see it flexing, you predict that there's gonna be, uh |
|
| 83:35 | , there's gonna be more natural fracturing, fracturing in that. So |
|
| 83:40 | . Although this is high, carbonate content, it doesn't seem to |
|
| 83:44 | a lot of natural fracturing, probably it's encased in more solicitous risk. |
|
| 83:50 | , uh, above and below, for the Austin shock. And |
|
| 83:54 | um Ah, of course, the prolific where area is going to be |
|
| 84:00 | , sort of a part of the that was isolated and low oxygen levels |
|
| 84:05 | the water column probably enhanced preservation, these were the producing intervals. And |
|
| 84:14 | as a rule of thumb, anytime produce something below 4000 ft, you're |
|
| 84:20 | into the possibility of causing all sorts problems you don't want to get |
|
| 84:25 | Um, and that's not an absolute , but but based on everything I've |
|
| 84:30 | , you really, really don't want produced too much above 5000 ft. |
|
| 84:35 | want toe stay down there in the of the RAC column that's not going |
|
| 84:40 | translate that well, a to the or, of course, the |
|
| 84:45 | You get the you know, the fresh water act offers a 2000 ft |
|
| 84:52 | for a little bit more you You're too close to things you don't want |
|
| 84:56 | damage. And And if somebody ever a rule out in a particular area |
|
| 85:05 | you shouldn't produce below us above a depth, that probably be for a |
|
| 85:09 | reason, okay? And so this is kind of what it is |
|
| 85:13 | a nutshell. Here's a good Strat . Uh, which is which is |
|
| 85:25 | . Yeah, It was published in , but this this part of it |
|
| 85:29 | probably published in 1978 or 75. , but other than that, |
|
| 85:36 | this is a pretty good way of at northern Central Texas and South Texas |
|
| 85:41 | getting an idea where the, uh Eagle Ford is. And of |
|
| 85:46 | you start getting more sand over here the north, in central part of |
|
| 85:50 | and the outcrops, and anyway, get over it, you get over |
|
| 85:54 | certain boundary and your full in the . Woodbine and other classic sources of |
|
| 86:01 | sentiment. And here, um, the sand Marcus Arch and said things |
|
| 86:09 | and I'll show you some sections. dramatically changed from one side of this |
|
| 86:12 | the other. And I'm gonna warn guys, I think I'm gonna try |
|
| 86:15 | get this done by 5. if that's okay and you have to |
|
| 86:21 | , you have to leave. But gonna try to get through this. |
|
| 86:25 | you have some other anti clients in . But the basin that's formed in |
|
| 86:30 | eyes one of the most prolific When you get on the other side |
|
| 86:33 | this arch, you're getting closer uh, some older drainage basins that |
|
| 86:39 | been around for a long time. you get a lot of classic material |
|
| 86:43 | here that reduces the TOC can increases Bichel or the solicitous shells that make |
|
| 86:51 | harder to frack in less trackable in . And here is the Stewarts city |
|
| 86:58 | margin. And here's this leg of margin. Ah, By and |
|
| 87:06 | the lower Eagle Ford is one of better parts of it all. And |
|
| 87:11 | with a gamma ray and the reason , you can kind of see that |
|
| 87:16 | , uh, Shales up here show little bit, um, higher reasons |
|
| 87:23 | . But the TSC um turns out be a little less and just looking |
|
| 87:30 | this, my gut feeling is there's . Originally, this might have been |
|
| 87:36 | , but there's probably been more bio shinin here, which has caused because |
|
| 87:40 | impact on the several unit And so down in here where you got this |
|
| 87:51 | trap basin and you get a really slug of it. Up here is |
|
| 87:55 | I was talking about on the other of the arch. You've got a |
|
| 87:59 | of plastic sentiment sources that are diluting TSC and adding Bichel to reduce natural |
|
| 88:09 | and frank ability. Mhm teachers. this is what it looks like in |
|
| 88:14 | section. And here Here's that maverick here where it's pretty pretty good down |
|
| 88:24 | by this, the Stuart City And you've got that lower go forward |
|
| 88:29 | here. You get over here, start pumping in lot of Class 60 |
|
| 88:37 | Ford up here. Really? Isn't similar to this lower eagle for the |
|
| 88:43 | needed under hero kind of equivalent to Manus eyes? A little bit like |
|
| 88:49 | . So you start running out of really good evil forward when you get |
|
| 88:52 | across the sand market search. So here's the Georgetown Edwards Stuart City |
|
| 89:01 | Margin is right there, and this a limestone underneath it. And so |
|
| 89:08 | behind here, you get this really basin forming in here and there it |
|
| 89:15 | , right there with the greatest, the older courtesan stuff down here, |
|
| 89:21 | Buddha and the Del Rio. And people are actually, uh uh, |
|
| 89:27 | some things out of the Buddha But the Eagle Ford right there on |
|
| 89:30 | of it, this sort of isolated between here and and this other of |
|
| 89:39 | Point in the structure between here and here kind of allowed the formation of |
|
| 89:49 | , really Nice Basin in there. here's a competitors map on Here's where |
|
| 89:59 | Billiton bought out Um Floyd C. , where Petra Hawk had the best |
|
| 90:06 | . The sacred for Petra Hawk was an acre. It was $10,000 an |
|
| 90:12 | for BHP Billiton. So that's how get in there ahead of time. |
|
| 90:18 | one was even thinking about it when pet rocks started it up here is |
|
| 90:24 | you more information on this in terms of the ice. A pack of |
|
| 90:28 | lower eagle Ford, which is kind the reservoir and the source rock all |
|
| 90:33 | . And you can see also in , uh, really good area that |
|
| 90:37 | trying to get into here you're getting sediments on top of having the anoxic |
|
| 90:46 | . And, uh so anyway, down in here is where you end |
|
| 90:50 | with with a really good, combination of ice a pack t |
|
| 90:56 | Lovie shale high carbonate, all the that you want And it's deep enough |
|
| 91:01 | it's in the kitchen, you as you come up up, up |
|
| 91:05 | the coast of playing on the shelf , uh and, of course, |
|
| 91:10 | Japanese fault zone, where for the creating sentimentally wedge kind of stacks up |
|
| 91:18 | the end, Uh, you come thinner, thinner areas appear in your |
|
| 91:25 | your thermally immature, and you may only have gas generating up there. |
|
| 91:32 | , so we're gonna skip real quick the tar sands, and, |
|
| 91:37 | it's really a combination of water and , and it can be it doesn't |
|
| 91:45 | to be cooked, but it could dissolved with organic solvents. And so |
|
| 91:52 | , they put it together and retort , um, in a process that |
|
| 91:59 | heat and other things. Girls. it has a lot of drawbacks because |
|
| 92:05 | you do anything like that, you're have a lot of waste water and |
|
| 92:07 | lot of other things going on that gonna add CO two to the |
|
| 92:14 | But there here's the areal extent of and environmentalists get upset with people, |
|
| 92:21 | know, drilling in here. And course, it is, uh, |
|
| 92:25 | parts of this area beautiful. um, it is kind of in |
|
| 92:29 | places, quite barren because it effects growth. But you also have, |
|
| 92:34 | know, natural streams cutting into And so there's a lot of natural |
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| 92:38 | without anybody even touching it of toxins that you might not getting when went |
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| 92:45 | get into your water supplies. But what it is. And to extract |
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| 92:54 | . Here's another one of these That's four things extraction of tar |
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| 92:59 | I like thio mhm. Go over in terms of like strip mining is |
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| 93:07 | but it really upsets people. and they're putting the waste back in |
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| 93:13 | land reclamation, reclamation. And, course, sometimes when you use |
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| 93:18 | you can create a bigger problem than want to. But with recovery raid |
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| 93:25 | of that is 90% of what's in . You also have this site click |
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| 93:29 | simulation thing with steam. It's really to get about 20 to 25%. |
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| 93:37 | then there's cold flow with recovery rates 5%. It's cold, heavy oil |
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| 93:42 | with sand. And of course, you're gonna have toe you end up |
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| 93:47 | end up with a lot of this , and you got to separate the |
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| 93:50 | from the sand. And, but a lot of this has been |
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| 93:56 | to pave railroad, so there's there's things you could do with it, |
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| 94:00 | taking a long list of this, one I haven't mentioned, and the |
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| 94:04 | I have is because this one is the best one right now because it |
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| 94:09 | up to 60%. It doesn't have environmental issues of this or the low |
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| 94:15 | productivity of these eso, the production , good production right and everything. |
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| 94:20 | this is sort of the top There's only four of them, so |
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| 94:24 | lot of times I'll have a test asking you which one is the best |
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| 94:28 | or as a multiple choice? I say which of the following is the |
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| 94:34 | or which of the following is the and which would be this one down |
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| 94:40 | . So So that's the kind of that I would ask on that. |
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| 94:46 | this is showing you how they do . And of course, that the |
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| 94:53 | is kind of heavy, so they it above. They have a pipe |
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| 94:56 | it, steaming it, and it mobilize the will just kind of to |
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| 95:02 | of lose its viscosity. And it's , uh and it will flow down |
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| 95:08 | the oil producing wells. Okay, , the last thing that we look |
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| 95:16 | is the oil shale and, again, oil shale is different from |
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| 95:22 | oil and shale gas. If it been for oil shale, the unconventional |
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| 95:29 | probably would be oil shale and oil . Excuse me, oil shale and |
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| 95:33 | shell, but this was around So the oil means it's shale. |
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| 95:38 | has something like oil. The other . When you say shale oil, |
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| 95:42 | means you're actually getting oil out of ground for shale gas. You're actually |
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| 95:47 | gas out of the ground when you it oil shale. It means you're |
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| 95:51 | something like oil, but it's It's untapped oil because it's in a form |
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| 95:56 | carriage in. It's like a great rock. And, of course, |
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| 96:01 | , where most of these are Our custom deposits lake deposits, ancient lake |
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| 96:07 | and some of the biggest in the are, uh, four oil shale |
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| 96:14 | to be in the U. And it's rarely economic because you have |
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| 96:19 | kind of retort it. Excuse You have to kind of cook |
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| 96:22 | Uh, thio actually turn it into that could be later refined is very |
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| 96:29 | oil. It's very lipid rich, , and they do some places they |
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| 96:35 | strip mining, and they retort it to but different from first bitch mons |
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| 96:42 | with other chemicals. This isn't you to cook this more. This is |
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| 96:47 | cooking and less chemicals on the other tar sands. And then, |
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| 96:54 | there's other things that they use with wells with different combinations were actually with |
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| 97:02 | , which seems really strange But here some of the biggest basins in the |
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| 97:07 | for oil shale. In the Green formation, you went to basin. |
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| 97:15 | um as ah sort of basin wide is very similar to one in the |
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| 97:21 | River and also the Washakie Basin. there's a couple of smaller bases over |
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| 97:27 | and the P on space, and always call it the Beyonce Creek Basin |
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| 97:31 | it's named after Feelings Creek. Everybody leaves the freak out, and I |
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| 97:36 | into a salt mine here, it wasn't actually a salt mine. |
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| 97:42 | was a trona mine. It was baking soda. And, uh, |
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| 97:47 | of having salt deposits like you would in a marine system. And these |
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| 97:53 | marine systems that air sodium the calcium enrich instead of instead of sodium fluoride |
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| 98:01 | , uh, with excuse me. air sodium bicarbonate enriched instead of, |
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| 98:08 | , sodium chloride and calcium enriched marine . And so the sodium bicarbonate allows |
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| 98:18 | phosphorus to say in the Water unlike the marine system, which pulls |
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| 98:22 | out in the form of appetite, there's about 800 ft thick bed, |
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| 98:29 | foot thick bed at the bottom of of the Washington Basin. It's full |
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| 98:34 | trona, which is sodium bicarbonate, we all know is baking soda. |
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| 98:41 | here's some This is one of the point outcrops in the U into |
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| 98:51 | where you have these carbonates interrelated uh, organic rich shales, |
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| 98:59 | rich and lipid rich Karajan's that can ts CS over 20%. Uh, |
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| 99:09 | isn't the exact bed that doesn't, the most productive one is about 26 |
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| 99:14 | 28%. TSC carriage enrich. Excuse , lipid rich carriages. Here's what |
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| 99:22 | been doing recently. There's been but got to spend a lot of |
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| 99:26 | for it. So it may be while before we get to this soil |
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| 99:29 | gonna have to get really rare, they would. They put in heater |
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| 99:34 | and they actually have refrigerator walls and kind of keep the heat in. |
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| 99:45 | insulate the heat and, in other , keeps all the heat into this |
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| 99:49 | if they put it all the way . And there's two things you know |
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| 99:54 | the cold zone keeps the heat from out, but it also stiffens up |
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| 100:00 | Karajan's uh which reduces the transmissibility. think of the heat and and therefore |
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| 100:10 | of focuses the heat in this one where you're trying Thio heat it up |
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| 100:14 | get it to move, get the to move so that you can retort |
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| 100:19 | , and that's it. And if is still here on, that was |
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| 100:34 | last class as well as co owners . So I got to say thank |
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| 100:39 | for not just this course, but every course. It was a really |
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| 100:43 | program. Thank you. Okay, , we we enjoyed having you. |
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| 100:48 | was Joe, right? E did your exercises. Thank you. I |
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| 100:54 | it. I just started this new this week. So it's been a |
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| 100:57 | of this, uh, trying to what? Coal mine, methane, |
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| 101:02 | , and carbon credits stepped into a I do not know anything about. |
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| 101:05 | it's been fun. Congratulations on the and finishing up classes. Thank |
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| 101:12 | Thank you. I will say this about, uh um, so, |
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| 101:16 | know, working. You know where was working as a geologist for an |
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| 101:18 | company. Now work as a It's titles operations manager for this, |
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| 101:23 | C C S u R C, , U S carbon credit, carbon |
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| 101:26 | , storage and utilization company. But in the last couple days there's |
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| 101:32 | like three or four projects they put on that They're pretty easy and |
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| 101:38 | just straight because of my skill set all based on just being a |
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| 101:44 | So you do a lot of subsurface , right? A lot of subsurface |
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| 101:50 | . A lot of instrumentation work. a lot of the applications of wool |
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| 101:54 | technology hasn't made its way into other . Or especially essentially, You know |
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| 102:03 | the company does is we have a of coal mines, and we've got |
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| 102:07 | lot of wells on them and a of wells around vacuum. And so |
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| 102:10 | different. There's a lot of um, analysis. But like today |
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| 102:15 | had a two hour meeting where we're to figure out where where the mind |
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| 102:19 | leaking from. So that's a lot mapping of the subsurface mapping of the |
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| 102:23 | seams. And it's a little of sequence photography trying to figure out if |
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| 102:26 | of the reservoirs compartmentalized and also looking the battles and the barriers. |
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| 102:32 | and also doing declined care of Uh, one of things that you |
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| 102:38 | . What you're realizing is that this isn't petroleum geology, its's sub |
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| 102:44 | geology, and we're showing you how look at things in the subsurface as |
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| 102:49 | to on the surface. And it's in all sorts of geoscience worlds. |
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| 102:57 | in fact, Chevron interviewed one of graduates a few years ago and, |
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| 103:03 | , she went in there and she the list, of course, is |
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| 103:06 | you took and they were trying to her on going to work with, |
|
| 103:11 | know, usually smaller companies will pay better than larger companies, but larger |
|
| 103:15 | have have these other perks, and is training, and sometimes it might |
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| 103:20 | too much training. But they you know, you need to come |
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| 103:24 | work for us so you can get course in sequence photography. And she |
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| 103:27 | , Well, I already had I had Johnny Bhattacharya. She |
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| 103:30 | you had bought John Bhattacharya teach you this she goes, Yeah. Then |
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| 103:34 | would bring up other subsurface courses. , I had Kurt Marfa do |
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| 103:39 | I had Fred Hill from and do and they're like, you know, |
|
| 103:42 | guys jaw dropped open, she And he said, Well, |
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| 103:47 | How many courses? And she pulled her resume, and so I put |
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| 103:49 | in my resume and he looks like God. Nobody goes through a geology |
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| 103:54 | and gets these kinds of courses. he said, When you go an |
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| 103:58 | with the other people, would you show them this first? So they |
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| 104:01 | that you already have had all these and, uh, it kind of |
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| 104:06 | me feel good about the program because it's doing exactly what we wanted to |
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| 104:11 | . It's making you good subsurface which means you get into carbon |
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| 104:17 | You could even work in. You work in coal. You know, |
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| 104:20 | there's ever gonna be anything with coal , you know, just about |
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| 104:23 | Hydrology, everything that you're learning right would be useful. We're tracking down |
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| 104:30 | that are gonna become very rare along East Coast in the very near |
|
| 104:34 | And I think, dude, I to don just being problem solvers, |
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| 104:41 | biggest thing is they this This company a lot of problems and they don't |
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| 104:44 | how to solve them. So they somebody like me who has the skill |
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| 104:47 | that they're like, Hey, come . We don't know what to |
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| 104:49 | but just come fix this for And, of course, when I |
|
| 104:52 | , this is all the data we , and you can figure out the |
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| 104:55 | from the data set that they That's that's another. That's a huge |
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| 105:00 | in your cap. If you could that, what background do your colleagues |
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| 105:04 | ? Eso. I worked with one on one reservoir engineer and two mining |
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